2019 Indian general election

2019 Indian general election
← outgoing members elected members →
543 (of the 545) seats in the Lok Sabha; 272 seats needed for a majority
	Opinion polls
Turnout	67.40% (0.96%)
	Seat results by constituency. As this is a FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead by the result in each constituency.
Prime Minister before election; Narendra Modi; BJP	Prime Minister ; Narendra Modi; BJP

The 2019 Indian general election was held in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha. The votes were counted and result was declared on 23 May.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] About 900 million people were eligible to vote and voter turnout was over 67 per cent – the highest ever as well as the highest participation by women voters.^[5]^[6]^{[note 2]}

The Bharatiya Janata Party won 303 seats, further increasing its substantial majority^[8] and the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance won 353 seats.^[9] The Indian National Congress won 52 seats, and the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 91. Other parties and their alliances won 98 seats.^[10]

Legislative assembly elections in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim were held simultaneously with the general election,^[11]^[12] as well as by-elections to twenty two seats of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.^[13]

Election system

All 543 elected MPs are elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The President of India appoints an additional two members from the Anglo-Indian community if he believes that community is under-represented.^[14]

Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 or older than 18, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India or an equivalent.^[15] Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting.^[16]

The elections are held on schedule and as per the Constitution of India that mandates parliamentary elections once every five years.^[17]

Election schedule

The election schedule was announced by Election Commission of India (ECI) on 10 March 2019, and with it the Model Code of Conduct came into effect.^[18]^[19]

The election was scheduled to be held in seven phases. In Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, the election was held in all seven phases. The polling for the Anantnag constituency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir was held in three phases due to violence in the region.^[20]

Phase-wise polling constituencies in each state
State/Union territory	Total constituencies	Election dates and number of constituencies
		Phase 1	Phase 2	Phase 3	Phase 4	Phase 5	Phase 6	Phase 7
		11 April	18 April	23 April	29 April	6 May	12 May	19 May
Andhra Pradesh	25	25
Arunachal Pradesh	2	2
Assam	14	5	5	4
Bihar	40	4	5	5	5	5	8	8
Chhattisgarh	11	1	3	7
Goa	2			2
Gujarat	26			26
Haryana	10						10
Himachal Pradesh	4							4
Jammu and Kashmir	6	2	2	1⁄3^{[n 1]}	1⁄3^{[n 1]}	11⁄3^{[n 1]}
Jharkhand	14				3	4	4	3
Karnataka	28		14	14
Kerala	20			20
Madhya Pradesh	29				6	7	8	8
Maharashtra	48	7	10	14	17
Manipur	2	1	1
Meghalaya	2	2
Mizoram	1	1
Nagaland	1	1
Odisha	21	4	5	6	6
Punjab	13							13
Rajasthan	25				13	12
Sikkim	1	1
Tamil Nadu	39		38^{[n 2]}
Telangana	17	17
Tripura	2	1		1^{[n 3]}
Uttar Pradesh	80	8	8	10	13	14	14	13
Uttarakhand	5	5
West Bengal	42	2	3	5	8	7	8	9
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	1	1
Chandigarh	1							1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	1			1
Daman and Diu	1			1
Delhi	7						7
Lakshadweep	1	1
Puducherry	1		1
Constituencies	543	91	95	1161⁄3	711⁄3	501⁄3	59	59
Total constituencies by end of phase	542	91	186	3021⁄3	3732⁄3	424	483	542^{[n 2]}
% complete by end of phase		17%	34%	56%	69%	78%	89%	100%

^ ^a ^b ^c Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.
^ ^a ^b Polling in Vellore was cancelled. (see below)
^ Polling in Tripura East was rescheduled from 18 to 23 April.

Rescheduled voting, cancellations

Vellore, Tamil Nadu: Over ₹11 crore (US$1.4 million) in cash was seized in Vellore from DMK leaders – a regional party in Tamil Nadu. According to The News Minute, this cash is alleged to have been for bribing the voters.^[21] Based on the evidence collected during the raids, the Election Commission of India cancelled 18 April election date in the Vellore constituency. The DMK leaders have denied wrongdoing and alleged a conspiracy.^[22]
Tripura East, Tripura: The Election Commission of India deferred polling from 18 to 23 April due to the law and order situation.^[23] The poll panel took the decision following reports from the Special Police Observers that the circumstances were not conducive for holding free and fair elections in the constituency.^[24]

Campaigning

Issues

Allegations of undermining institutions

The opposition parties have accused the NDA government is destroying democratic institutions and processes.^[25] Modi denied and blamed Congress and the communists for undermining institutions including the police, CBI and the CAG, and cited the murder of BJP activists in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.^[26] The Congress party, other opposition parties and a group of retired civil servants have accused the ECI as being compromised and as endorsing the model code of conduct violations by Narendra Modi and other BJP political leaders during their campaign.^[27]^[28] Another group of 81 retired civil servants, judges and academics disputed these allegations, made counter-allegations, and stated that the ECI acted fairly and similarly in alleged violations by either side. The group states that such political attacks on the ECI are a "deliberate attempt to denigrate and delegitimise the democratic institutions".^[28]^[29]

Economic performance

According to The Times of India, the major economic achievements of the incumbent NDA government include an inflation rate less than 4 per cent, the GST reform, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. Its programs, in recent years, that have positively touched many among the Indian masses, include the Jan Dhan Yojana, rural cooking gas and electricity for homes.^[30] According to the IMF, the Indian economy has been growing in recent years, its GDP growth rate is among the highest in the world for major economies, and India is expected to be the fastest growing major economy in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, with real GDP projected to grow at 7.3 per cent.^[31]^[32]^[33] The GDP growth data has been disputed^[30] by a group of Indian social scientists, economists and the political opposition's election campaign, while a group of Indian chartered accountants has defended the data, the GDP calculation methodology, and questioned the motivations of those disputing the recent Indian GDP statistics.^[34]

The opposition's election campaign has claimed that both the demonetisation and GST law have "seriously hit small business, farmers and casual labour", states The Times of India.^[30]^[35] The incumbent has claimed that they inherited a country from the previous Congress-led government that was "a legacy of policy paralysis, corruption and economic fragility", and that the BJP-led government policies have placed India on better economic fundamentals and a fast gear.^[36] Modi claims that his government pursued demonetisation in the national interest, his government has identified and de-registered 338,000 shell companies, identified and recovered ₹130,000 crore (US$16 billion) in black money since 2014, and almost doubled India's tax base.^[37]^[38] The Congress party disputes the incumbents' claims, and has alleged that BJP offices have "become hubs of creating black money", and seeks a judicial inquiry into the Rafale deal with France and BJP's role in corruption.^[39]

National security and terrorism

In response to the 2019 Pulwama attack, the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan — for the first time since the 1971 Indo-Pak war. The ongoing conflict with Pakistan became a significant factor in the election. The opposition parties accused of politicising the army, whilst the BJP countered their accusations by stating that such allegations raised by them were adversely affecting the morale of armed forces.^[40]

According to the Pew Research Center, both before and after the outbreak of recent India-Pakistan tensions, their 2018 and 2019 surveys suggest that the significant majority of the voters consider Pakistan as a "very serious threat" to their country, and terrorism to be a "very big problem".^[41]^[42]

Unemployment

According to the Pew Research Center, a majority of Indian voters consider the lack of employment opportunities as a "very big problem" in their country. "About 18.6 million Indians were jobless and another 393.7 million work in poor-quality jobs vulnerable to displacement", states the Pew report.^[42]

A report on unemployment prepared by the National Sample Survey Office's (NSSO's) periodic labour force survey, has not been officially released by the government. According to Business Today, this report is the "first comprehensive survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetisation move in November 2016". According to this report, the 2017–2018 "usual status"^{[note 3]} unemployment rate in India is 6.1 per cent, which is a four-decade high.^[43]^{[note 3]} The government has claimed that the report was not final.^[48] According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) – a United Nations agency, unemployment is rising in India and the "unemployment rate in the country [India] will stand at 3.5 percent in 2018 and 2019 – the same level of unemployment seen in 2017 and 2016", instead of dropping to 3.4 percent as it had previously projected.^[49] According to the ILO's World Employment Social Outlook Report, the unemployment rate in India has been in the 3.4 to 3.6 percent range over the UPA-government led 2009–2014 and the NDA-government led 2014–2019 periods.^[49]

Opposition parties have claimed in their election campaign that the unemployment in India has reached crisis levels. The NDA government has denied the existence of any job crisis.^[50] Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that jobs are not lacking but the accurate data on jobs has been lacking.^[51]^[52]

The opposition has attacked the NDA government's performance with the NSSO reported 6.1 percent unemployment data. Modi and his government have questioned this job statistics report, stating that "most surveys that try to capture unemployment rate are skewed since these did not cover the unorganised sector, which accounts for 85–90 per cent of jobs [in India]".^[53]

Agrarian and rural distress

The Congress party campaign has highlighted "agrarian distress" as an election issue.^[54] The BJP campaign has highlighted that the Congress party had been in power for five generations of the Nehru dynasty and its past promises and campaign issues have been empty. It claims that the recent farmer loan waivers by Congress have not reached "even 10% of the farmers" nor has it helped the financial situation of the farmers. BJP highlights that its "Kisan Samman Nidhi" helps the small farmers at the time of seed planting through a direct deposit of ₹6000 to their accounts.^[55] The opposition has accused this as being an attempt to lure voters.^[56]

According to The Times of India, a group of farmer associations have demanded that the 2019 election manifesto of competing political parties should promise to "keep agriculture out of the World Trade Organization (WTO)" and that the interests of Indian farmers must not be compromised in global trade treaties.^[57] They have also demanded loan waivers and income support for the agriculture sector.^[57] According to the Business Standard and the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization, India has witnessed record crop harvests in recent years including 2017 when its farmers grew more foodgrains than ever before.^[58]^[59] However, the farmers consider the "low remunerative prices" they receive in the free market to be too low and a need for the Indian government to establish higher minimum support prices for agricultural products. These farmers consider this an issue for the 2019 general elections.^[58]

Dynasty politics

The BJP has highlighted that the Congress party has relied on Nehru's dynasty for leadership since India's independence, its lack of internal party institutions and claimed that whenever Congress has been in power, the freedom of press and Indian government institutions have "taken a severe beating".^[60]^[61] During the election campaign, its leaders have mentioned the Emergency of 1975, the nepotism, corruption and widespread abuses of human rights under the Congress rule in the past.^[60]^[62]^[63] Congress-led alliance leader H. D. Kumaraswamy – the son of a former prime minister of India and the current chief minister of Karnataka, has countered that "India developed because of dynasty politics", stating that "dynasty politics are not the main issue, rather country's problems are".^[64] The Congress has alleged hypocrisy by the BJP, claiming that the BJP itself forms alliances with dynasty-based parties such as the Akali Dal in Punjab, and that family relatives of senior BJP leaders such as Rajnath Singh and Arun Jaitley have been in politics too.^[65]

According to an IndiaSpend report published by the BloombergQuint, the smaller and regional parties such as the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, Lok Jan Sakti Party, Shiromani Akali Dal, Biju Janata Dal and Samajwadi Party have higher densities of dynasty-derived candidates and elected representatives in recent years.^[66]^[67] While both the Congress and the BJP have also nominated candidates from political dynasties, states the report, the difference between them is that in Congress "top party leadership has been handed down from generation to generation within the same [Nehru Gandhi dynasty] family", while there has been a historic non-dynastic diversity in the top leadership within the BJP. According to the report, while BJP has also nominated candidates from political dynasties, its better public relations operation "can leap to its defence when attacked on the same grounds".^[66] In contrast to the IndiaSpend report, analysis of Kanchan Chandra, a prominent professor of Politics, of the 2004, 2009 and 2014 general elections included a finding that the Congress party has had about twice or more dynastic parliamentarians than the BJP at those elections, and higher than all major political parties in India except the Samajwadi Party.^[68]^{[note 4]} Many of these dynastic politicians in India who inherit the leadership positions have never held any jobs and lack state or local experience, states Anjali Bohlken – a professor and political science scholar, and this raises concerns of rampant nepotism and appointments of their own friends, relatives and cronies if elected.^[69] The BJP has targeted the Congress party in the 2019 elections for alleged nepotism and a family dynasty for leadership.^[60]^[66]

Campaign controversies

Income tax raids

In April 2019, raids conducted by the Income Tax Department found bundles of unaccounted for cash amounting to ₹281 crore (US$35 million), along with liquor and documentary evidence in premises of people with close connections to Madhya Pradesh chief minister Kamal Nath of the Congress. Modi has highlighted this evidence to attack the Congress in its election campaign, alleging corruption is part of Congress party's culture.^[70]^[71]

Social media abuses and fake news

According to The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, the election had attracted a systematic attempt to spread misinformation through social media.^[72]^[73] Facebook said that over a hundred of these advocacy accounts spreading disinformation were traced to "employees of the Pakistani military public relations wing".^[72]^[73] Some others have been linked to the INC and BJP.^[72]^[73]^[73]

Political parties spent over ₹53 crore (US$6.6 million) with the largest spending by BJP on digital platforms for online ads. The BJP placed 2,500 ads on Facebook while the Congress placed 3,686 ads.^[74] According to a study by Vidya Narayanan and colleagues at the Oxford Internet Institute, social media was used by all the major parties and alliances, and all of them linked or posted divisive and conspiratorial content and images. According to Narayanan, "a third of the BJP's images, a quarter of the INC's images, and a tenth the SP-BSP's images were catalogued as divisive and conspiratorial".^[75]^[76] The Narayanan et al. study added that "we observed very limited amounts of hate speech, gore or pornography in either platform samples" by BJP, Congress or SP-BSP, but the election did include proportionally more polarising information on social media than other countries except for the US presidential election in 2016.^[76]

About 50,000 fake news stories were published during the recent Lok Sabha elections and shared 2 million times, according to a study conducted by fact-checking startup Logically.^[77]

NaMo TV and Modi biopic

According to The Financial Times and other news sources, on 31 March 2019, the cable and satellite operators – such as Tata Sky, DishTV, and Videocon – added a new "NaMo TV" channel to the dozens of news and entertainment channels they already offer.^[78]^[79]^[80] Further, independently, a Bollywood biopic named "PM Narendra Modi" starring Vivek Oberoi was due for release in early April. The NaMo TV channel exclusively focuses on replaying Narendra Modi's speeches, the live coverage of rallies by Modi and key leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party, and presenting the incumbent government's initiatives and achievements in the last five years to the audience that chooses to tune to the channel.^[78] The election time Bollywood biopic, states The Financial Times, is "adulatory, which depicts his [Modi's] rise from humble origins as the son of a railway station tea-seller to a strongman who vows to avenge Pakistani terror attacks".^[78]

The Indian opposition led by the Congress Party and activists opposed to the incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party have expressed outrage and alleged that it violates India's election laws and the regulations on "broadcast channels" under the Programme Codes of the Cable TV Act of 1994.^[78]^[79] The Bharatiya Janata Party and its supporters claim that this is an exercise of the "Right to Free Speech" protected by the Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, a means to address the bias against them and to communicate directly to the voters.^[78] They also claim that the NaMo TV does not violate any regulations or laws, as similar "Direct-to-Home (DTH) operator channels" have already been distributed by cable and satellite operators in the past since 2006.^[79] Others state that the audience has a choice to ignore or tune into the channel, and "only Modi's most devoted loyalists were likely to tune in". However, they state that if the BJP pressures public facilities and commercial establishments to show it exclusively during the elections then that would lead to abuse.^[78] The Congress Party and activists have filed a complaint to the Indian Election Commission, demanding that the NaMo TV channel be stopped.^[78] The Election Commission announced on 12 April that any content broadcast on the NaMo TV must be pre-approved by its committee, and only pre-certified content can be broadcast.^[80] On 13 April 2019, the BJP submitted the contents of NaMo TV to the Election Commission designated "certification and monitoring committee" for its review and pre-certification.^[81] The Election Commission ruled on 19 April 2019, that live speeches of Narendra Modi and other BJP leaders can be broadcast on NaMo TV as well as Twitter platform tweets can be broadcast by Rahul Gandhi and Congress leaders during the silence period. However, neither should mention the constituency or candidates covered by the silence period immediately prior to the polling date.^[82]

The ECI blocked the release of the Modi biopic while the election is in progress.^[83] The producers appealed this "stay" to the Supreme Court.^[84] The film was released on 24 May 2019 finally.

EC actions under Article 324

Election Commission curtailed West Bengal campaigning by one day, after a bust of 19th century Bengali icon Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was vandalised during 7th phase poll violence.^[85]

Party campaigns

12 January 2019 – Prime Minister Modi launched the BJP's election campaign.^[86]
14 February 2019 – The INC president Rahul Gandhi launched his campaign from Lal Dungri village in Gujarat's Dharampur.^[87]
24 March 2019 – The Aam Aadmi Party began its campaign in Delhi.^[88]^[89]
2 April 2019 – The Trinamool Congress party launched its campaign from Dinhata, Coochbehar.^[90]
7 April 2019 – Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party began campaigning together as an alliance (Mahagathbandhan) along with regional parties such as the Rashtriya Lok Dal.^[91] Their first joint campaign started in Deoband in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh.^[92]^[93]

Party Manifestos

Highlights of the Congress manifesto

The Congress released its manifesto, titled Congress Will Deliver on 3 April.^[94]^[95] Some of its highlights:^[94]^[96]^[97]

Introduce a Nyuntam Aay Yojana welfare program wherein ₹72,000 (US$900) per year will be transferred directly to the bank account of a woman-member in each family in the poorest 20 percent households.
Create 1 million "Seva Mitra" jobs in rural and urban local government bodies. Fill all 400,000 central government vacancies before March 2020, and encourage state governments to fill their 2,000,000 vacancies. Enact a law that requires all non-government controlled employers with over 100 employees to implement an apprentice program.
Enact a permanent National Commission on Agricultural Development and Planning and introduce a "Kisan Budget" (Farmer Budget) in the parliament every year. Waive all farmer loans in all states with any amounts outstanding.
Enact a Right to Homestead Act that will provide free land to every household that does not own a home.
Enact a Right to Healthcare Act and guarantee every citizen free diagnostics, free medicines, free hospitalisation, and free out-patient care. Double spending on healthcare to 3 percent of its GDP by 2024.
Double spending on education to 6 percent of its GDP by 2024.
Revise the national GST law from three tax tiers to a single moderate rate of tax. Reduce taxes on exported products to zero. Exempt from the GST essential goods and services that are currently not exempt. Enact a new Direct Taxes Code.
Augment and rapid construction of national highways. Modernise Indian railway infrastructure. Promote green energy. Manufacturing promotion.
Increase defence spending.
Enact a National Election Fund, wherein public funds will be distributed to recognised political parties to run their campaign
Preserve special status and special rights to natives of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and 35A.^[97]
Amend the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958. End the Sedition law (Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code).

Highlights of the BJP manifesto

The BJP released its manifesto sub-titled Sankalpit Bharat, Sashakt Bharat (lit. "Resolute India, Empowered India") on 8 April.^[98]^[99] Some of its highlights:^[97]^[99]^[100]

Double farmer incomes by 2022 by completing all major and micro-irrigation infrastructure projects, opening adequate markets and modern farm produce storage centres, implement minimum price supports for farmer produce, farmer loans and all-weather rural roads. Introduce a pension bill for small and marginal farmers to provide social security after 60 years of age.
Bring all secondary schools under the national board quality purview. Invest ₹100,000 crore (US$13 billion) in higher education, open new and increase seats at existing engineering, management and law schools. Establish skills and innovations centre at block-level in every town. Enhance higher education opportunities for women by introducing financial support and subsidies programs. Source 10 percent of government procurement from companies with more than 50 percent female employees.
Ensure a pucca (lit. brick-solid, modern) house, safe potable water, toilet, LPG gas cylinder, electricity, and banking account for every family. Reduce the percentage of families living under the poverty line to a single digit by 2024.
Double the length of national highways. Improve fuel quality by mandating 10 percent ethanol in petrol. Scale renewable energy capacity to 175 GW.
Electrify and convert to broad gauge all railway tracks.
Establish 150,000 health and wellness centres. Start 75 new medical colleges. Raise doctor-to-population ratio to 1:1400. Triple childcare facilities. Achieve 100 percent immunisation of all babies.
Raise India's ranking further in "ease of doing business". Double exports, introduce single-window compliance procedures for all businesses.
Reduce air pollution by eliminating all crop residue burning.
Digitise paperwork and proceedings, modernise the courts.
Launch and promote a National Digital Library with e-books and leading journals to provide free knowledge accessible to all students. Launch a "Study in India" program to bring foreign students to institutes of higher education.
Zero tolerance for terrorism, fund resources to strengthen national security, guarantee veterans, and soldier welfare, modernise police forces.
End special status and special rights to natives of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and 35A.^[97]

Other parties

Other national and regional parties have released their manifestos too:

The Tamil Nadu-based regional parties AIADMK and DMK released their manifesto on 18 March 2019, with each promising to release the seven Tamils jailed after being found guilty for their role in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, a former Congress party leader and prime minister of India. The AIADMK promised to press for the political rights of the Tamil people in the Eelam region of Sri Lanka, while the DMK has promised Indian citizenship to all Sri Lankan expats. According to the Deccan Herald, the AIADMK has promised a cash transfer of ₹18,000 (US$230) per year to "all families below the poverty level, destitute women, widows without income, differently-abled, landless agricultural labourers, rural and urban manual labourers and destitute senior citizens". The AIADMK also promised to raise the tax exemption limit and revisions to the GST law. The DMK promised a probe into Rafale fighter jet deal, and a plan to distribute free sanitary napkins to working women along with starting martial arts schools for girls.^[101]
Biju Janata Dal (BJD) released its manifesto on 9 April 2019. It promised a ₹100,000 (US$1,300) zero-interest crop loan to farmers every year, a ₹500,000 (US$6,300) zero-interest loan to women-run self-help groups, 75 percent jobs reservation in Odisha-based companies to Odisha youth, free education to all girls and a marriage assistance grant of ₹25,000 (US$310) to daughters of poor families. It also promised to complete two expressways.^[102]
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM) manifesto promised to raise the minimum wage to ₹216,000 (US$2,700) per year, an old age pension of ₹72,000 (US$900) per year and universal public distribution of 35 kilograms of foodgrains per family. It also stated the restoration of inheritance tax and an increase in the taxes on individuals and corporations.^[103] It also promised spending 6 per cent of GDP on education, enacting a Right to Free Health Care with 3.5 per cent of GDP on health in the short term and 5 per cent in the long term, introduction of price controls on essential drugs, breaking monopoly of drug multinationals, as well as enact a Right to Guaranteed Employment in urban areas.^[104]
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) promised to open talks with Pakistan on terrorism. It also promised to expand trade and political relationship with Russia, and seek to weaken Russia's ties with China and Pakistan.^[105]
Samajwadi Party promised an annual pension of ₹36,000 (US$450) to poor families in a form of a cash transfer to women. It has also proposed a new property tax of 2 percent on homes valued above ₹25,000,000 (US$310,000) as well as raising income taxes on the affluent. It also promised to create 100,000 new jobs every year.^[106]
Telugu Desam Party released its manifesto on 5 April 2019. It promised zero-interest loans to farmer without any caps, a grant of ₹15,000 (US$190) per year to each farmer as investment support, a grant of ₹100,000 (US$1,300) to each family with a daughter in the year of her marriage, an unemployment allowance of ₹3,000 (US$38) for any youth who has completed intermediate education, and free laptops to all students at the intermediate level.^[107]
AITMC's manifesto was released on 27 March 2019. It promised a judicial probe into demonetisation, a review of GST law, and sought to bring back the Planning Commission. It also promised free medical care, expanding the "100-day work scheme" currently operating in India to "200-day work scheme" along with a pay increase.^[108]
Aam Aadmi Party released its manifesto on 25 April 2019 promising full statehood for Delhi to give the Delhi government control over police and other institutions.^[109] The manifesto promised 85 per cent reservations in the Delhi-based colleges and jobs for the voters of Delhi and their families.^[110]^[111]

Campaign finance

Several organisations have offered varying estimates for the cost of election campaign. The Centre for Media Studies in New Delhi estimates the election campaign could exceed $7 billion.^[112] According to the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), an election watchdog, in the financial year 2017–18 BJP received ₹4,370,000,000 (US$55 million), about 12 times more donations than Congress and five other national parties combined.^[112]

The electoral bonds in denominations ranging from 1,000 rupees to 10 million rupees ($14 to $140,000) can be purchased and donated to a political party. The bonds don't carry the name of the donor and are exempt from tax.^[113]^[113]^{[note 5]} Factly – an India data journalism portal, traced the electoral bond donations for 2018 under India's Right to Information Act. According to Factly, electoral bonds worth about ₹10,600,000,000 (US$130 million) were purchased and donated in 2018. According to Bloomberg, this accounted for 31.2 percent of political donations in 2018, while 51.4 percent of the total donated amount were each below ₹20,000 (US$250) and these too were from unknown donors. About 47 percent of the donations to political parties were from known sources.^[113] Between 1 January and 31 March 2019, donors bought ₹17,100,000,000 (US$210 million) worth of electoral bonds and donated.^[117] The spending in elections boosts national GDP, and the 2009 election spending contributed about 0.5 percent to GDP.^[118]

According to Centre for Media Studies, the BJP spent over Rs 28,000 crore (or 45 per cent) of the Rs 60,000 crore spent by all political parties during the polls.^[119] Congress questions BJP over its poll expenditure ^[120]

Parties and alliances

Political alliances

With the exception of 2014, no single party has won the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha since 1984, and therefore, forming alliances is the norm in Indian elections.

There were five main national pre-poll alliances. They are the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) headed by the BJP, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) headed by the INC, Mahagathbandhan (or Grand Alliance), or MGB, Federal Front headed by All India Trinamool Congress, and the left front of Communist-leaning parties. Given the volatile nature of coalition politics in India, alliances may change during and after the election.

The INC has not formed an alliance in states where it is in direct contest with the BJP. These states include Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. It has formed alliances with regional parties in Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Jharkhand, and Kerala.^[121]

In January 2019, Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party announced a grand alliance (Mahagathbandhan) to contest 76 out of the 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh leaving two seats, namely Amethi and Rae Bareli, for INC and another two for other political parties.^[122]

Political parties

More than 650 parties contested in these elections. Most of them were small with regional appeal. The main parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC).It was the first time when BJP (437) contested more seats than Congress (421) in the Lok Sabha elections.^[123]^[124]

Candidates

Altogether 8,039 candidates are in the fray for 542 parliamentary constituencies, i.e., 14.8 candidates per constituency on an average, according to PRS India, an NGO.^[125]

About 40% of the candidates fielded by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party have a criminal case against them. Key opposition party Congress is not far behind with 39% of the candidates with criminal charges, according to Association of Democratic Reforms analysis.^[126]

Parties and alliances contesting for the 2019 elections
Parties		States/UTs	Seats contested				Seats won
Parties		States/UTs	2019		2014	Swing	2019		2014	Swing
rowspan="9" bgcolor="Template:Aam Aadmi Party/meta/color" \|	Aam Aadmi Party	Andaman & Nicobar Islands	1	35			0	1	4	-3
Bihar		3				0
Chandigarh		1				0
Gao		2				0
Haryana		3				0
NCT OF Delhi		7				0
Odisha		1				0
Punjab		13				1
Uttar Pradesh		4				0
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	Bundelkhand Kranti Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Kisan Party	Chandigarh	4	15
		Haryana	1
		Maharashtra	5
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	3
	Bharatiya Kisan Parivartan Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Krishak Dal	Uttar Pradesh	4
	Bhartiya Kisan Union Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Kranti Vir Party	Bihar	1
	Bihar Lok Nirman Dal	Bihar	8
	Baliraja Party	Bihar	2	7
		Maharashtra	4
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Lok Seva Dal	Jharkhand	1	10
		Punjab	7
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Bharat Lok Sewak Party	NCT OF Delhi	3	4
	Bharat Lok Sewak Party	Uttar Pradesh	1	4
	Bhartiya Manavadhikaar Federal Party	Chandigarh	1	9
		Gujarat	1
		Jharkhand	1
		Maharashtra	5
		Odisha	1
	Bharateeya Manavadhikar party	West Bengal	2
	Bharatiya Momin Front	Bihar	7	8
	Bharatiya Momin Front	Jharkhand	1	8
	Bharatiya Majdoor Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bahujan Mukti Party	Assam	1	120
		Bihar	12
		Chandigarh	1
		Dadra & Nagar Haveli	1
		Gujarat	6
		Haryana	5
		Himachal Pradesh	1
		Jharkhand	5
		Karnataka	1
		Madhya Pradesh	9
		Maharashtra	35
		Odisha	5
		Punjab	6
		Rajasthan	2
		Telangana	7
		Uttar Pradesh	10
		Uttarakhand	2
		West Bengal	6
	Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh	Jharkhand	1	2
	Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh	Maharashtra	1	2
	Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
	Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2	3
	Bhartiya Mitra Party	Bihar	3
	Bahujan Nyay Dal	Bihar	3	4
	Bahujan Nyay Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1	4
	Bhartiya Nojawan Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Navodaya Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Nyay-Adhikar Raksha Party	West Bengal	7
	Bhartiya Navjawan Sena (Paksha)	Maharashtra	3
	Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party	Bihar	1
	Bhartiya Pragatisheel Congress	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Bhartiya Panchyat Party	Jharkhand	2
	Bodoland Peoples Front	Assam	1
	Bharat Prabhat Party	Bihar	2	53
		Chandigarh	1
		Chhattisgarh	1
		Haryana	5
		Jharkhand	2
		Karnataka	2
		Madhya Pradesh	8
		Maharashtra	5
		NCT OF Delhi	2
		Odisha	2
		Punjab	5
		Uttar Pradesh	16
		West Bengal	2
	Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha	Karnataka	2
	Bhapase Party	Maharashtra	1
	Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha	Bihar	1	2
	Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha	Uttar Pradesh	1	2
	Bahujana Raajyam Party (Phule Ambedkar)	Telangana	1
	Bharat Rakshak Party (Democratic)	Rajasthan	2
	Bhartiya Republican Party (Insan)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bahujan Republican Socialist Party	Gujarat	1	27
	Bahujan Republican Socialist Party	Maharashtra	26	27
	Bhartiya Rashtrawadi Party	Chandigarh	1
	Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party	Chhattisgarh	5	35
		Gujarat	1
		Haryana	5
		Himachal Pradesh	1
		Madhya Pradesh	11
		Maharashtra	1
		Punjab	1
		Uttar Pradesh	10
	Bahujan Suraksha Dal	Gujarat	1
	Bhartiya Sarvjan Hitey Samaj Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Bhartiya Tribal Party	Chhattisgarh	2	19
		Dadra & Nagar Haveli	1
		Gujarat	6
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	5
		Rajasthan	4
	Bahujan Samaj Party (AMBEDKAR)	Chandigarh	1	5
	Bahujan Samaj Party (AMBEDKAR)	Punjab	4	5
	Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi	Maharashtra	1
	Bajjikanchal Vikas Party	Bihar	7
	Bhartiya Vanchitsamaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Corruption Abolition Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Christian Democratic Front	Tamil Nadu	1
	Challengers Party	NCT OF Delhi	2
	Chandigarh Ki Aawaz Party	Chandigarh	1
	Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (LIBERATION)	Andhra Pradesh	2	18
		Bihar	4
		Jharkhand	2
		Odisha	2
		Puducherry	1
		Punjab	3
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Uttar Pradesh	3
		Uttarakhand	1
		West Bengal	2
	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) CPI(M)(L)			4
	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star			4
	Communist Party Of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star	Andhra Pradesh	1	25
		Chandigarh	2
		Jharkhand	3
		Karnataka	2
		Kerala	4
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	2
		Odisha	5
		Rajasthan	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
		Uttar Pradesh	2
		West Bengal	5
	Chhattisgarh Swabhiman Manch	Chhattisgarh	1	2
	Chhattisgarh Swabhiman Manch	Maharashtra	1	2
	Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party	Chhattisgarh	1	2
	Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
	Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Dalita Bahujana Party	Telangana	3
	Democratic Corruption Liberation Front		1
	Democratic Party of India (Ambedkar)	Punjab	1	3
	Desh Janhit Party	Maharashtra	1
	Daksha Party	Haryana	1
	Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	4
	Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi	Maharashtra	1	9
	Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi	Tamil Nadu	8	9
	Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan Party,	Jammu & Kashmir	2
	Democratic Party Of India		1
	Democratic Prajakranthi Party Secularist	Karnataka	1
	Dalit Soshit Pichhara Varg Adhikar Dal	Haryana	1	3
		Maharashtra	1
		Rajasthan	1
	Desiya Uzhavar Uzhaipalar Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	3
	Engineers Party	Karnataka	1
	Ekta Samaj Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Ezhuchi Tamilargal Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	3
	Forward Democratic Labour Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Fauji Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Freethought Party Of India	Odisha	3
	Gareeb Aadmi Party	Karnataka	1
	Gondvana Gantantra Party	Chhattisgarh	9	23
		Madhya Pradesh	9
		Maharashtra	2
		Odisha	1
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Garvi Gujarat Party	Gujarat	3
	Garib Janshakti Party	Bihar	2
	Gujarat Janta Panchayat Party	Gujarat	1
	Ganasangam Party Of India	Tamil Nadu	3
	Gorkha Rashtriya Congress	West Bengal	1
	Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)	Bihar	3
	Hamari Apni Party	Maharashtra	1
	Hardam Manavtawadi Rashtriya Dal	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Hind Congress Party	Haryana	1	2
	Hind Congress Party	Punjab	1	2
	Hindu Samaj Party		1
	Hindustan Janta Party	Karnataka	3	7
	Hindustan Janta Party	Maharashtra	4	7
	Hindusthan Praja Paksha	Maharashtra	1
	Himachal Jan Kranti Party	Himachal Pradesh	1
	Hindusthan Nirman Dal	Assam	5	47
		Bihar	2
		Gujarat	9
		Jammu & Kashmir	1
		Jharkhand	2
		Madhya Pradesh	8
		Maharashtra	2
		Odisha	2
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	14
		Uttarakhand	1
	Hamro Sikkim Party	Sikkim	1
	Hind Samrajya Party	Bihar	1
	Hindustan Shakti Sena	Chandigarh	1	9
	Hindustan Shakti Sena	Punjab	8	9
	Hum Bhartiya Party	Jharkhand	1	9
		Maharashtra	5
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Punjab	1
		Telangana	1
	Hum Sabki Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Indian Christian Front	Karnataka	2	4
	Indian Christian Front	Tamil Nadu	2	4
	Indian Democratic Republican Front	Punjab	1	2
	Indian Democratic Republican Front	West Bengal	1	2
	Indian Gandhiyan Party	Kerala	1	2
	Indian Gandhiyan Party	Uttar Pradesh		2
	Indian Indira Congress (R)	Rajasthan	1
	Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule)	Andhra Pradesh	1	4
	Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule)	Karnataka	3	4
	Ilantamilar Munnani Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	1
	Indian New Congress Party	Karnataka	4
	Independent People’S Party	Jammu & Kashmir	1
	Indian National League	Uttar Pradesh	2
	India Praja Bandhu Party	Andhra Pradesh	4	11
		Chhattisgarh	1
		Telangana	6
	Indigenousn People'S Front Of Tripura	Tripura	2
	Indian Peoples Green Party	Rajasthan	2
	Indian Rakshaka Nayakudu Party	Telangana	1
	Indian Unity Centre	West Bengal	2
	Inqalab Vikas Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Adesh Akshuni Sena	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Adhikar Party	Bihar	6	19
		Madhya Pradesh	3
		Maharashtra	7
		Uttar Pradesh	3
	Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)	Bihar	1
	Jharkhand Anushilan Party	West Bengal	1
	Janta Dal Rashtravadi	Bihar	3
	Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim	West Bengal	2
	Jago Hindustan Party	Bihar	3
	Jharkhand Party (Secular)	Jharkhand	1
	Janhit Bharat Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jharkhand Party	Jharkhand	4
	Jai Hind Party	Bihar	1
	Jai Hind Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party	Haryana	1	4
	Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party	Punjab	3	4
	Jannayak Janta Party	Haryana	7
	Janhit Kisan Party	Bihar	2	8
	Janhit Kisan Party	Uttar Pradesh	6	8
	Jammu & Kashmir Pir Panjal Awami Party	Jammu & Kashmir	1
	Jai Lok Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Jai Maha Bharath Party	Maharashtra	1	3
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Sikkim	1
	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)		1
	Janata Congress	Jharkhand	2	7
		Madhya Pradesh	3
		Maharashtra	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jana Jagruti Party	Andhra Pradesh	7
	Janata Party	Bihar	4
	Jharkhand Party (Naren)	Jharkhand	1	2
	Jharkhand Party (Naren)	West Bengal	1	2
	Janvadi Party(Socialist)	Bihar	1	2
	Janvadi Party(Socialist)	Uttar Pradesh	1	2
	Janapaalana Party (Democratic)	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Jai Prakash Janata Dal	Bihar	5	11
		Jharkhand	2
		NCT OF Delhi	2
		Odisha	2
	Jharkhand People's Party	Jharkhand		4
	Jharkhand People's Party	Jharkhand People's Party	1	4
	Janta Raj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Janral Samaj Party	Chandigarh	1	5
	Janral Samaj Party	Punjab	4	5
	Janta Raj Vikas Party	Bihar	1
	Jan Shakti Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jansatta Dal Loktantrik	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jan Shakti Ekta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Samman Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
	Jan Samman Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Sangh Party	West Bengal	1
	Janasena Party	Andhra Pradesh	17	24
	Janasena Party	Telangana	7	24
	Jan Satya Path Party	Gujarat	4
	Jai Swaraj Party	Telangana	1
	Jan Seva Sahayak Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jansatta Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jan Sangharsh Virat Party	Gujarat	2	5
		Jharkhand	1
		Rajasthan	1
		West Bengal	1
	Janta Kranti Party (Rashtravadi)	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Justice Party		1
	Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party	Karnataka	1
	Jantantrik Vikas Party	Bihar	3
	Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)	Jharkhand	2
	Jwala Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party	Bihar	1
		Jammu & Kashmir	5
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
	Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party +	Jammu & Kashmir	2
	Jammu & Kashmir People Conference	Jammu & Kashmir	3
	Kamatapur People’S Party (United)	West Bengal	6
	Kerala Congress	Kerala	1
	Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha	Karnataka	1
	Kisan Raj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Kisan Raksha Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Karnataka Jantha Paksha	Karnataka	2
	Karnataka Karmikara Paksha	Karnataka	4
	Kalinga Sena	Jharkhand	1	5
	Kalinga Sena	Odisha	4	5
	Kisan Majdoor Berojgar Sangh	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party	Uttar Pradesh	4
	Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party	Karnataka	1
	Kisan Party Of India	Madhya Pradesh	2
	Karnataka Praja Party (Raithaparva)	Karnataka	2
	Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena	Karnataka	1	5
	Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena	Maharashtra	4	5
	Kartavya Rashtriya Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Krupaa Party	Odisha	3
	Kanshiram Bahujan Dal	NCT OF Delhi	1	5
	Kanshiram Bahujan Dal	Uttar Pradesh	4	5
	Khusro Sena Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Kalyankari Jantantrik Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Lok Chetna Dal	Bihar	1
	Lok Gathbandhan Party	Gujarat	1	7
	Lok Gathbandhan Party	Uttar Pradesh	6	7
	Lok Insaaf Party	Punjab	3
	Lok Jan Sangharsh Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Loktantrik Jan Swaraj Party	Bihar	1
	Lok Jan Vikas Morcha	Bihar	2
	Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	5
	Lokjagar Party	Maharashtra	1
	Loktantrik Janshakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Lokpriya Samaj Party	Haryana	1
	Loktanter Suraksha Party	Haryana	2
	Loktantrik Rashrtavadi Party	Gujarat	1
	Lok Sewa Dal	Bihar	1
	Loksangram	Maharashtra	1
	Maharashtra Swabhimaan Paksh	Maharashtra	2
	Makkal Sananayaga Kudiyarasu Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Manipur People’S Party	Manipur	1
	Moulik Adhikar Party	Bihar	1	13
	Moulik Adhikar Party	Uttar Pradesh	12	13
	Mera Adhikaar Rashtriya Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Marxist Communist Party Of India (United)	Andhra Pradesh	1	6
		Kerala	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Telangana	3
	Mazdoor Dalit Kisaan Mahila Gareeb Party (Hindustani)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Minorities Democratic Party	Madhya Pradesh	2	3
	Minorities Democratic Party	Uttar Pradesh	1	3
	Manipur Democratic Peoples's Front	Manipur	1
	Mundadugu Praja Party	Andhra Pradesh	4
	Mahamukti Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Mahasankalp Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Makkalatchi Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2
	Manav Kranti Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Maharashtra Kranti Sena	Maharashtra	2
	Majdoor Kisan Union Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Mazdoor Kirayedar Vikas Party	NCT OF Delhi	5
	Marxist Leninist Party Of India (Red Flag)	Karnataka	1	3
	Marxist Leninist Party Of India (Red Flag)	Maharashtra	2	3
	Mithilanchal Mukti Morcha	Bihar	1
	Makkal Needhi Maiam	Puducherry	1	38
	Makkal Needhi Maiam	Tamil Nadu	37	38
	Manvadhikar National Party	Gujarat	2	4
	Manvadhikar National Party	Jammu & Kashmir	2	4
	Manavtawadi Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Madhya Pradesh Jan Vikas Party	Madhya Pradesh	3
	Mulnibasi Party of India	West Bengal	2
	Moolniwasi Samaj Party	Bihar	2	3
	Moolniwasi Samaj Party	Jharkhand	1	3
	Maanavvaadi Janta Party	Bihar	2
	Manuvadi Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Mahila & Yuva Shakti Party	Haryana	1
	New All India Congress Party	Gujarat	2
	National Apni Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Nationalist People'S Front	Rajasthan	1
	Nirbhay Bharteey Party	Gujarat	1
	National Bhrashtachar Mukt Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Navsarjan Bharat Party	Dadra & Nagar Haveli	1
	National Dalitha Dhal Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	National Development Party	Karnataka	1
	New Democratic Party of India	West Bengal	3
	Navbharat Ekta Dal	Himachal Pradesh	1
	North East India Development Party	Manipur	2
	Nagrik Ekta Party	Uttar Pradesh	4
	National Fifty Fifty Front	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Naam Indiar Party	Tamil Nadu	2
	Nationalist Janshakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	National Jagaran Party	Bihar	1
	National Labour Party	Kerala	1
	National Lokmat Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Nationalist Justice Party	Punjab	4
	National Nava Kranthi Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Navbharat Nirman Party	Maharashtra	1
	Nava Praja Rajyam Party	Telangana	1
	National Republican Congress	Assam	2
	The National Road Map Party Of India	Assam	1	2
	The National Road Map Party Of India	NCT OF Delhi	1	2
	Nava Samaj Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Netaji Subhash Chander Bose Rashtriya Azad Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Naam Tamilar Katchi	Puducherry	1	38
	Naam Tamilar Katchi	Tamil Nadu	37	38
	Naitik Party	Maharashtra	2	6
	Naitik Party	Uttar Pradesh	4	6
	Navarang Congress Party	Andhra Pradesh	3	5
	Navarang Congress Party	Jammu & Kashmir	2	5
	Navodayam Party	Andhra Pradesh	2
	Navnirman Party	Haryana	1
	Navataram Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	New India Party	Telangana	2
	National Women'S Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
	National Women'S Party	Telangana	1	3
	Nawan Punjab Party	Punjab	1
	National Youth Party	NCT OF Delhi	2
	Odisha Pragati Dal	Odisha	1
	Proutist Bloc, India	Bihar	1	9
		Karnataka	2
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	1
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Odisha	1
	PC			3
	Peace Party	Maharashtra	3	14
	Peace Party	Uttar Pradesh	11	14
	Puducherry Development Party	Puducherry	1
	Peoples Democratic Party	Jammu & Kashmir	1	5
	Peoples Democratic Party	Kerala	2	5
	Party For Democratic Socialism	West Bengal	5
	People's Party Of India(secular)	Tamil Nadu	2	3
	People’S Union Party	Maharashtra	1
	Punjab Ekta Party	Punjab	3	3
	Pichhra Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Prajatantra Aadhar Party	Gujarat	1
	Prem Janata Dal	Telangana	1
	Prahar Janshakti Party	Maharashtra	1
	Purvanchal Janta Party (Secular)	Assam	6	14
		Jharkhand	1
		Karnataka	1
		Odisha	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		West Bengal	3
	Pragatisheel Lok Manch	Uttarakhand	1
	Punjab Labour Party	Punjab	1
	Public Mission Party	Bihar	2
	Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Pravasi Nivasi Party	Kerala	1
	Peoples Party Of India (Democratic)	Bihar	9	56
		Chhattisgarh	1
		Gujarat	2
		Haryana	6
		Himachal Pradesh	1
		Jharkhand	4
		Madhya Pradesh	7
		Maharashtra	6
		NCT OF Delhi	5
		Punjab	2
		Rajasthan	2
		Uttar Pradesh	8
		Uttarakhand	1
	People'S Party Of Arunachal	Arunachal Pradesh	2
	Pyramid Party Of India	Andhra Pradesh	20	48
		Gujarat	2
		Karnataka	6
		NCT OF Delhi	5
		Punjab	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Telangana	11
		West Bengal	1
	Prajatantrik Samadhan Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
	Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress	Rajasthan	1	2
	Peoples Representation For Identity And Status Of Mizoram (Prism) Party	Mizoram	1	6
		NCT OF Delhi	5	6
	Prithviraj Janshakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Prabuddha Republican Party	Maharashtra	4	5
	Prabuddha Republican Party	Rajasthan	1	5
	Praja Shanthi Party	Andhra Pradesh	4
	Praja Satta Party	Karnataka	1	2
	Praja Satta Party	Telangana	1	2
	Pragatishil Samajwadi Party (Lohia)	Bihar	8	82
		Haryana	8
		Jammu & Kashmir	1
		Karnataka	2
		Madhya Pradesh	9
		Maharashtra	1
		Odisha	2
		Rajasthan	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Uttar Pradesh	47
		Uttarakhand	1
	Pichhara Samaj Party United	Jharkhand	1	2
	Pichhara Samaj Party United	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
	Proutist Sarva Samaj	Bihar	1	7
		Jharkhand	2
		Karnataka	1
		Rajasthan	2
		Uttar Pradesh
	Pragatisheel Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Prajaa Swaraaj Party	Telangana	1
	Purvanchal Mahapanchayat	Bihar	2	3
	Purvanchal Mahapanchayat	Uttar Pradesh	1	3
	Parivartan Samaj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Ambedkar Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Radical Democrats	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Aadarsh Member Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Raita Bharat Party	Karnataka	1
	Rajnaitik Vikalp Party	Bihar	1
	Rashtriya Ahinsa Manch	West Bengal	1
	Rashtriya Aamjan Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Rajyadhikara Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtrawadi Party of India,	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Indepndent Morcha	Odisha	1
	Rashtriya Janasachetan Party (R.J.P.)	West Bengal	5
	Rashtriya Jansanchar Dal		1
	Rashtriya Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Janwadi Party (Socialist)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Mahan Gantantra Party	Bihar	3
	Rashtriya Mahila Party		1
	Rashtriya Matadata Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Naujawan Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Sahara Party	Haryana	1	3
	Rashtriya Sahara Party	Punjab	2	3
	Rastriya Aam Jan Seva Party	Maharashtra	1
	Rastriya Insaaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Vikas Party	Haryana	1
	Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Bhagidari Samaj Party	Haryana	1
	Rashtriya Bharatiya Jan Jan Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Backward Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Republican Bahujan Sena	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Dal United	Bihar	1
	Real Democracy Party	Gujarat	1
	Rashtriya Garib Dal	Haryana	1	2
	Rashtriya Garib Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1	2
	Rashtriya Gondvana Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Rashtriya Jansena Party	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Hind Sena	Bihar	6
	Rashtriya Jansabha Party	Chhattisgarh	7
	Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party	NCT OF Delhi	1	2
	Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party	West Bengal	1	2
	Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party (United)	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party	West Bengal	6
	Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party	Haryana	1
	Rashtriya Jantantrik Bharat Vikas Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Jan Gaurav Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Janhit Sangharsh Party	Manipur	1
	Rashtriya Jankranti Party	Chandigarh	1	3
		Jammu & Kashmir	1
		Telangana	1
	Rashtriya Janmat Party	Uttar Pradesh	1	2
	Rashtriya Jansurajya Party	Maharashtra	2
	Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular)	Maharashtra	2	7
	Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular)	Punjab	1	7
	Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party	Bihar	7	13
		Karnataka	1
		Maharashtra	2
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party	Jharkhand	2
	Rashtriya Janutthan Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtravadi Kranti Dal	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Kranti Party	Rajasthan	1	5
	Rashtriya Kranti Party	Uttar Pradesh	4	5
	Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party	Andhra Pradesh	1	4
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Lok Sarvadhikar Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party	Chandigarh	1	8
	Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party	Haryana	6	8
	Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party	Haryana	1	3
	Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party	Uttar Pradesh	2	3
	Rashtriya Mangalam Party	Rajasthan	1
	Rashtriya Maratha Party	Maharashtra	5
	Revolutionary Marxist Party of India	Haryana	1	2
	Rashtra Nirman Party	Haryana	1	5
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		NCT OF Delhi	3
	Rashtriya Nav Nirman Bharat Party	Gujarat	1
	Republican Paksha (Khoripa)	Chhattisgarh	1
	Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Pragati Party	Bihar	1
	Republican Party Of India	Bihar	1	8
		Haryana	1
		Karnataka	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
		Telangana	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Republican Party Of India (Kamble)	Gao	1
	Republican Party Of India (A)	Andhra Pradesh	5	33
		Assam	3
		Bihar	2
		Chandigarh	3
		Haryana	1
		Jharkhand	2
		Karnataka	3
		Madhya Pradesh	4
		NCT OF Delhi	5
		Punjab	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
		West Bengal	1
	Republican Party Of India (KHOBRAGADE)	Andhra Pradesh	1	2
	Republican Party Of India (KHOBRAGADE)	Telangana	1	2
	Republican Party of India (Reformist)	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
	Republican Party Of India (Karnataka)	Karnataka	4
	Republican Party of India Ektavadi	Haryana	1
	Rashtriya Power Party	Gujarat	2	3
	Rashtriya Power Party	Rajasthan	1	3
	Republican Sena	Karnataka	4
	Rashtriya Rashtrawadi Party	Bihar	1	7
		Haryana	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Rajasthan	1
	Rashtriya Apna Dal	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
	Rashtriya Apna Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1	2
	Rashtrawadi Shramjeevi Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Sangail Party	Jharkhand	1
	Rashtriya Sahyog Party	Bihar	1
	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	Gujarat	1	12
		Karnataka	2
		Kerala	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Punjab	1
		Uttar Pradesh	6
	Rashtriya Samanta Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Samrasta Party	NCT OF Delhi	3
	Rashtriya Samta Party (Secular)	Bihar	4	5
	Rashtriya Samta Party (Secular)	Jharkhand	1	5
	Rashtravadi Party (Bharat)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Revolutionary Socialist Party Of India(Marxist)		1
	Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)	Gujarat	1	2
	Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)	Maharashtra	1	2
	Rashtra Sewa Dal	Bihar	1
	Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party	Madhya Pradesh	2	7
	Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	5	7
	Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party	Rajasthan	1
	Rashtriya Sarvjan Vikas Party	Bihar	2
	Rashtriya Azad Manch	Himachal Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Janvikas Party (Democratic)	Bihar	1
	Right To Recall Party	Gujarat	4	14
		Jharkhand	1
		Karnataka	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	1
		NCT OF Delhi	2
		Rajasthan	3
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Ulama Council	Bihar	1	10
		Maharashtra	4
		Uttar Pradesh	5
	Rashtravadi Janata Party	Bihar	2	4
	Rashtravadi Janata Party	West Bengal	2	4
	Rashtriya Viklang Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Vyapari Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtra Vikas Zumbes Party	Gujarat	1
	Rashtrawadi Chetna Party		1
	Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party	Bihar	2
	Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)(Simranjit Singh Mann)	Punjab	2
	Samaj Adhikar Kalyan Party	Chandigarh	1	6
	Samaj Adhikar Kalyan Party	Punjab	5	6
	Samajwadi Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Sabse Achchhi Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Sarvshreshth Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Saman Aadmi Saman Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Sabka Dal United	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Swatantra Bharat Paksha	Maharashtra	3
	Sabhi Jan Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Samaj Bhalai Morcha		1
	Swarna Bharat Party	Assam	1	3
		Maharashtra	1
		Rajasthan	1
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	Bihar	5	24
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	19	24
	Socialist Party (India)	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
		Punjab	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali)	Punjab	1
	Secular Democratic Congress	Karnataka	1	4
		Kerala	2
		Telangana	1
	Social Democratic Party Of India	Andhra Pradesh	1	14
		Karnataka	1
		Kerala	10
		Tamil Nadu	1
		West Bengal	1
	Samajwadi Forward Bloc	Andhra Pradesh	1	11
		Karnataka	1
		Kerala	1
		Maharashtra	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
		Telangana	6
	Saaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Sangharsh Sena	Maharashtra	1
	Shane Hind Fourm	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Shiromani Akali Dal(Taksali)		1
	Shri Janta Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Smart Indians Party	Madhya Pradesh	4
	Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic	Bihar	1
	Samajwadi Jan Parishad	West Bengal	1
	Swatantra Jantaraj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	9
	Swatantra Jantaraj Party	Uttar Pradesh	8	9
	Samajwadi Janata Party(Karnataka)	Karnataka	1
	Social Justice Party Of India	Telangana	3
	Sajag Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Sanjhi Virasat Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Sankhyanupati Bhagidari Party	Bihar	2
	Samata Kranti Dal	Odisha	1
	Satya Kranti Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Shiromani Lok Dal Party		1
	Sarvjan Lok Shakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Samrat Ashok Sena Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Samajik Nyaya Party	Haryana	2
	Samta Vikas Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Socialist Janata Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Swaraj Party (Loktantrik)	Bihar	2
	Sapaks Party	Bihar	1	12
		Haryana	1
		Madhya Pradesh	10
	Samajtantric Party Of India	West Bengal	1
	Samaanya Praja Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Sarvadharam Party (MADHYA PRADESH)	Chhattisgarh	1	2
	Sarvadharam Party (MADHYA PRADESH)	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
	Sanman Rajkiya Paksha	Maharashtra	1
	Sikkim Republican Party	Sikkim	1
	Sarvodaya Prabhat Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)	Chhattisgarh	1
	Shoshit Samaj Dal	Bihar	7
	Samata Samadhan Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Samdarshi Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Sanatan Sanskriti Raksha Dal	Madhya Pradesh	1	7
		Maharashtra	2
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Satya Bahumat Party	Himachal Pradesh	1	7
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Rajasthan	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Subhashwadi Bhartiya Samajwadi Party (Subhas Party)	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Socialist Unity Centre Of India (COMMUNIST)	Andhra Pradesh	2	114
		Assam	6
		Bihar	8
		Chhattisgarh	2
		Gujarat	2
		Haryana	4
		Jharkhand	5
		Karnataka	7
		Kerala	9
		Madhya Pradesh	3
		Maharashtra	1
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Odisha	8
		Puducherry	1
		Punjab	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Tamil Nadu	4
		Telangana	2
		Tripura	1
		Uttar Pradesh	3
		Uttarakhand	1
		West Bengal	42
	Sikkim United Front (SUF)	Sikkim	1
	Sunder Samaj Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Samagra Utthan Party	Bihar	1	7
		Madhya Pradesh	5
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Svatantra Bharat Satyagrah Party	Gujarat	2
	Sarvodaya Bharat Party	Chhattisgarh	1	8
		Gujarat	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	2
		Uttar Pradesh	3
	Sarva Janata Party	Karnataka	3
	Sarv Vikas Party	Uttarakhand	1
	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party	Gujarat	4
	Sarvjan Sewa Party	Chandigarh	1	2
	Sarvjan Sewa Party	Punjab	1	2
	Swarnim Bharat Inquilab	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Swabhiman Party	Chhattisgarh	1	3
	Swabhiman Party	Himachal Pradesh	2	3
	Swatantra Samaj Party	Bihar	1
	Sanyukt Vikas Party	Bihar	1	6
		Gujarat	3
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi	Tamil Nadu	16
	Telangana Communist Party Of India	Telangana	1
	The Future India Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	Telangana Jana Samithi	Telangana	2
	Tamil Maanila Congress (MOOPANAR)	Tamil Nadu	1
	Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Tola Party	Haryana	1
	Telangana Prajala Party	Telangana	1
	Telangana Sakalajanula Party	Telangana	1
	Tamil Telugu National Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	Telangana Yuva Shakti	Telangana	1
	Tripura Peoples Party	Tripura	1
	Universal Brotherhood Movement	Tamil Nadu	1
	United Democratic Front Secular	Uttar Pradesh	1
	United Democratic Party	Meghalaya	1
	Uttarakhand Kranti Dal	Uttarakhand	4
	Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (Democratic)	Uttarakhand	4
	Uttarakhand Parivartan Party	Uttarakhand	1
	Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy	Tamil Nadu	6
	United People’S Party, Liberal	Assam	2
	Uttarakhand Pragatisheel Party	NCT OF Delhi	1	2
	Uttarakhand Pragatisheel Party	Uttarakhand	1	2
	Uttar Pradesh Navnirman Sena	Jharkhand	1
	Uttama Prajaakeeya Party	Karnataka	27
	United States Of India Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi	Maharashtra	46
	Vikassheel Insaan Party	Bihar	4
	Vishwa Jana Party	Andhra Pradesh	2
	Vishwa Manav Samaj Kalyan Parishad	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Vikas Insaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Vivasayigal Makkal Munnetra Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Voters Party International	Assam	7	20
		Bihar	6
		Jharkhand	1
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	5
	Vyavastha Parivartan Party	Gujarat	4
	Vanchitsamaj Insaaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Vishva Shakti Party	Jharkhand	2	3
	Vishva Shakti Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
	Vanchit Samaj Party	Bihar	4
	Voters Party	Haryana	2
	Wazib Adhikar Party	Bihar	1
	Welfare Party Of India	West Bengal	2
	Yuva Jan Jagriti Party	Gujarat	6
	Yuva Krantikari Party	Bihar	4
	Yekikrutha Sankshema Rashtriya Praja Party	Telangana	1
	Yuva Sarkar	Gujarat	2
	Yuva Vikas Party	Uttar Pradesh	1

Voter statistics

According to the ECI, 900 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 84.3 million voters since the last election in 2014,^[127]^[128] making it the largest-ever election in the world.^[129] 15 million voters aged 18–19 years became eligible to vote for the first time.^[130]^[131] 468 million eligible voters were males, 432 million were females and 38325 identified themselves belonging to third gender. Total 71,735 overseas voters also enrolled.^{[citation needed]}

The residents of the former enclaves exchanged under the 2015 India-Bangladesh boundary agreement voted for the first time.^[132]

Electronic voting machines and security

The ECI deployed a total of 1.74 million voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) units and 3.96 million electronic voting machines (EVM) in 1,035,918 polling stations.^[133]^[134]^[135]^[136] Approximately 270,000 paramilitary and 2 million state police personnel provided organisational support and security at various polling booths.^[137] On 9 April 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the ECI to increase VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which meant that the ECI had to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs before it could certify the final election results.^[138]^[139]^[140]

Turnout

In the first phase, 69.58 per cent of the 142 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect their representatives for 91 Lok Sabha seats.^[141] The voter turnout was 68.77 per cent in the same constituencies in the 2014 general elections.^[141] In the second phase, 156 million voters were eligible to vote for 95 Lok Sabha seats and the turnout was 69.45 per cent, compared to 69.62 per cent in 2014.^[141] For the third phase, 189 million voters were eligible to elect 116 Lok Sabha representatives.^[141] According to ECI, the turnout for this phase was 68.40 per cent, compared to 67.15 per cent in 2014.^[141] In the fourth of seven phases, 65.50 per cent of the 128 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect 72 representatives to the Indian parliament while the turnout for the same seats in the 2014 election was 63.05 per cent.^[141] The fifth phase was open to 87.5 million eligible voters, who could cast their vote in over 96,000 polling booths.^[142] In the sixth phase, 64.40 per cent of the 101 million eligible voters cast their vote in about 113,000 polling stations.^[143]

The final turnout stood at 67.11 per cent, the highest ever turnout recorded in any of the general elections till date. The percentage is 1.16 per cent higher than the 2014 elections whose turnout stood at 65.95 per cent.^[144] Over 600 million voters polled their votes in 2019 Indian General elections.

State/UT	Total		Voter turnout by phase^[141]^[a]
	Total		Phase 1 11 April		Phase 2 18 April		Phase 3 23 April		Phase 4 29 April		Phase 5 6 May		Phase 6 12 May		Phase 7 19 May
	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)
Andhra Pradesh	25	79.70	25	79.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Arunachal Pradesh	2	78.47	2	78.47	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Assam	14	81.52	5	78.27	5	81.19	4	85.11	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Bihar	40	TBA	4	53.44	5	62.92	5	61.21	5	59.18	5	57.08	8	58.48	8	51.38
Chhattisgarh	11	71.48	1	66.04	3	74.95	7	70.73	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Goa	2	74.94	–	–	–	–	2	74.94	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Gujarat	26	64.11	–	–	–	–	26	64.11	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Haryana	10	70.34	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10	70.34	–	–
Himachal Pradesh	4	70.22	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4	70.22
Jammu and Kashmir^[b]	6	TBA	2	57.38	2	45.66	1⁄3	13.68	1⁄3	10.32	11⁄3	19.92	–	–	–	–
Jharkhand	14	TBA	–	–	–	–	–	–	3	64.97	4	65.99	4	65.42	3	55.59
Karnataka	28	68.63	–	–	14	68.80	14	68.47	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Kerala	20	77.67	–	–	–	–	20	77.67	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Madhya Pradesh	29	71.10	–	–	–	–	–	–	6	74.90	7	69.14	8	65.24	8	75.64
Maharashtra	48	60.79	7	63.04	10	62.85	14	62.36	17	57.33	–	–	–	–	–	–
Manipur	2	82.75	1	84.20	1	81.24	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Meghalaya	2	71.43	2	71.43	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Mizoram	1	63.12	1	63.12	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Nagaland	1	83.09	1	83.09	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Odisha	21	73.06	4	73.82	5	72.56	6	71.62	6	74.38	–	–	–	–	–	–
Punjab	13	65.96	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	13	65.96
Rajasthan	25	TBA	–	–	–	–	–	–	13	68.17	12	63.71	–	–	–	–
Sikkim	1	78.81	1	78.81	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Tamil Nadu^[c]	38	72.02	–	–	38	72.02	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Telangana	17	62.71	17	62.71	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Tripura	2	83.20	1	83.21	–	–	1	83.19	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Uttar Pradesh	80	TBA	8	63.92	8	62.46	10	61.42	13	59.11	14	58.00	14	54.44	13	47.82
Uttarakhand	5	61.48	5	61.48	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
West Bengal	42	TBA	2	83.80	3	81.72	5	81.97	8	82.84	7	80.09	8	84.50	9	78.73
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	1	65.08	1	65.08	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Chandigarh	1	70.62	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	70.62
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	1	79.59	–	–	–	–	1	79.59	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Daman and Diu	1	71.83	–	–	–	–	1	71.83	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Delhi	7	60.51	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	7	60.51	–	–
Lakshadweep	1	84.96	1	84.96	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Puducherry	1	81.21	–	–	1	81.21	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Total	542	67.11	91	69.58	95	69.45	1161⁄3	68.40	711⁄3	65.50	501⁄3	64.16	59	64.40	59	61.71

^ / indicate change from the 2014 elections.
^ Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.
^ Tamil Nadu has 39 constituencies. Polling in Vellore was cancelled.

Opinion polls, exit polls and seat projections

Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India. Results of such polls are displayed in this list. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held in April and May 2014, to the present day. The ECI banned the release of exit polls from 11 April to 19 May, the last phase of the elections.^[145] The commission also banned the publication or broadcast in the media of predictions made by astrologers and tarot card readers.^[146]

Poll type	Date published	Polling agency			Others	Majority	Ref
Poll type	Date published	Polling agency	NDA	UPA	Others	Majority	Ref
Exit polls		India Today-Axis	352 ± 13	93 ± 15	82 ± 13	70 ± 13	^[147]
		News24-Today's Chanakya	350 ± 14	95 ± 9	97 ± 11	68 ± 14	^[148]
		News18-IPSOS CNN-IBN-IPSOS	336	82	124	64	^[149]^[150]
		VDP Associates	333	115	94	61	^[151]
		Sudarshan News	313	121	109	41	^[152]
		Times Now-VMR	306 ± 3	132 ± 3	104 ± 3	34 ± 3	^[153]
		Suvarna News	305	124	102	33	^[152]
		India TV-CNX	300 ± 10	120 ± 5	122 ± 6	28 ± 10	^[154]
		India News-Polstrat	287	128	127	15	^[155]
		CVoter	287	128	127	15	^[150]
		News Nation	286	122	134	14	^[156]
		ABP-CSDS	277	130	135	5	^[147]
		NewsX-Neta	242	164	137	Hung	^[150]
Opinion polls	8 April 2019	Times Now-VMR	279	149	115	7	^[157]
	6 April 2019	India TV-CNX	275	126	142	3	^[158]
	Mar 2019	Times Now-VMR	283	135	125	11	^[159]
	Mar 2019	News Nation	270	134	139	Hung	^[160]
	Mar 2019	CVoter	264	141	138	Hung	^{[citation needed]}
	Mar 2019	India TV-CNX	285	126	132	13	^[161]
	Mar 2019	Zee 24 Taas	264	165	114	Hung	^[162]
	Feb 2019	VDP Associates	242	148	153	Hung	^[163]
	Jan 2019	Times Now-VMR	252	147	144	Hung	^[164]
	Jan 2019	ABP News-CVoter	233	167	143	Hung	^[165]
	Jan 2019	India Today-Karvy	237	166	140	Hung	^[166]
	Jan 2019	VDP Associates	225	167	150	Hung	^[167]
	Dec 2018	India Today	257	146	140	Hung	^[168]
	Dec 2018	ABP News-CVoter	247	171	125	Hung	^[169]
	Dec 2018	India TV-CNX	281	124	138	9	^[170]
	Nov 2018	ABP News-CVoter	261	119	163	Hung	^[171]
	Oct 2018	ABP News	276	112	155	4	^[172]
	Aug 2018	India Today-Karvy	281	122	140	9	^[173]
	May 2018	ABP News-CSDS	274	164	105	2	^[174]
	Jan 2018	CVoter	335	89	119	63	^{[citation needed]}
	Jan 2018	India Today	309	102	132	37	^[175]

Results

Party	YSR Congress	SS	JD(U)	BJD
Party			BJP	INC
Party	Leader	Narendra Modi	Rahul Gandhi
	Leader		Votes	37.7% ; 229,076,879	19.66% ; 119,495,214	2.33% ; 14,363,332^[176]^[177]	4.1% ; 24,757,345^[176]
			Votes
Seats	303 (55.8%)	52 (9.6%)
Seats	303 / 542	52 / 542	23 / 542 ^[a]	22 / 542
Party
Leader	Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy	Uddhav Thackeray	Nitish Kumar	Naveen Patnaik
Leader
Votes	2.26% ; 13,877,992	2.10% ; 12,858,904	1.46% ; 8,926,679	1.66% ; 10,174,021
Votes
Seats	22 (2.1%)	18 (2.3%)	11 (1.9%)	07 (1.2%)
Seats	22 / 542	18 / 542	16 / 542	12 / 542
Party
Party	BSP	NCP	Samajwadi Party	CPI(M)
Leader	Mayawati	Sharad Pawar	Akhilesh Yadav	Sitaram Yechury
Leader
Votes	3.63% ; 22,246,501	1.39% ; 8,500,331	2.55% ; 15,647,206	1.77% ; 10,744,908
Votes
Seats	10 (1.85%)	05 (0.92%)	05 (0.92%)	03 (0.55%)
Seats	10 / 542	05 / 542	05 / 542	03 / 542


354	93	96
NDA	UPA	Others

Seat share of parties in the election

BJP (55.80%)

INC (9.57%)

DMK (4.41%)

AITC (4.05%)

YSRCP (4.05%)

SS (3.31%)

JD(U) (2.95%)

BJD (2.21%)

BSP (1.84%)

TRS (1.66%)

Other (10.15%)

Vote share of parties in the election

BJP (37.36%)

INC (19.49%)

AITC (4.07%)

BSP (3.63%)

SP (2.55%)

YSRCP (2.53%)

DMK (2.26%)

SS (2.10%)

TDP (2.04%)

CPI(M) (1.75%)

Other (22.22%)

vote share by alliance

NDA (45.3%)

UPA (27.5%)

MGB (6.1%)

Other (21.1%)

seat share by alliance

NDA (65.19%)

UPA (17.12%)

MGB (2.7%)

Other (14.99%)

The Bharatiya Janata Party-led NDA won the elections with the BJP itself winning a clear majority. The BJP became the single largest party in the House and surpassed expectations to win 303 seats, with its alliance partners bringing the NDA to a total of 353 seats.^[178] Reasons attributed to the victory included the personal popularity of Narendra Modi, effective voter turnout drives by the NDA, a surge in public nationalism following the Pulwama attack, the consolidation of Hindu voters in a multi-caste coalition and the successful implementation of social welfare programmes during the First Modi ministry's term.^[179]

The counting of votes was held on 23 May 2019, and was completed early the following day.^[180] Initial returns showed the BJP leading in all 303 constituencies it eventually won, and opposition leader Rahul Gandhi conceded defeat prior to the official certification of most results.^[181]

With the results, the BJP was able to gain 21 seats in the House, having won 282 in the 2014 Indian general election.^[182]^[183] It was the second time in India's independent history that voters re-elected the same party to power with a bigger majority to the Lok Sabha – India's lower house of parliament. The BJP's total vote share stood at 37.4 per cent, an increase of over 6 percentage points from 31.34 per cent in 2014. The National Democratic Alliance secured a vote share of 45 per cent, compared to 38 per cent in 2014. In contrast, the vote share of Indian National Congress remained the same at 19.5 per cent.^[184]^[185] About 1.04 percent of the voters in India chose to vote for None Of The Above (NOTA) in the 2019 elections, with Bihar leading with 2.08 percent NOTA voters.^[186]

Modi was re-elected as the Prime Minister with the biggest gain in vote-share in history(+6.02%).^[184] His opponent, Rahul Gandhi, ran in two constituencies, winning from Wayanad, but losing from the Amethi constituency – the seat he, his mother (Sonia Gandhi), his father (Rajiv Gandhi), and his uncle (Sanjay Gandhi) had collectively held for decades. In addition, many candidates who were members of popular political dynasties were defeated across India in favour of the BJP or other parties' candidates.^[187]^[188]^[189]

The election had been called a referendum on Modi and the BJP's Hindu nationalistic policies and advocacy.^[190]^[191] According to The Wall Street Journal, Modi's victory "sets (sic) the stage for further economic change in one of Asia’s fastest-growing economies."^[182] Alasdair Pal and Mayank Bhardwaj, in an article published by Reuters, claimed that the result was a mandate for business-friendly policies and tougher national security positions, reinforcing "a global trend of right-wing populists sweeping to victory, from the United States to Brazil and Italy, often after adopting harsh positions on protectionism, immigration and defence."^[192]

According to a data analysis by the Mint, "The ruling party’s victory has been broad-based, gaining seats in most parts of the country, and across the rural-urban divide, cementing its pole position in Indian politics." However according to this study conducted in about 140 constituencies, BJP seems more popular and successful in urban and metropolitan constituencies than rural and semi-urban constituencies. The BJP was favored in all income groups, states the Mint. The newspaper added, "In constituencies with high presence of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SCs/STs), the BJP is more popular than other parties, but in constituencies with high presence of Muslims, it is less popular."^[193]

According to India Today, detailed accounts and reports suggest that the country's overall growth were not among top factors that helped Narendra Modi's party cruise to a landslide victory in the elections and that the government has been able to implement schemes that directly affect the rural population.^[194]

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Bharatiya Janata Party	229,076,879	37.36	303
	Indian National Congress	119,495,214	19.49	52
	All India Trinamool Congress	24,929,330	4.07	22
	Bahujan Samaj Party	22,246,501	3.63	10
	Samajwadi Party	15,647,206	2.55	5
	YSR Congress Party	15,537,006	2.53	22
	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	13,877,992	2.26	23
	Shiv Sena	12,858,904	2.10	18
	Telugu Desam Party	12,515,345	2.04	3
	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	10,744,908	1.77	3
	Biju Janata Dal	10,174,021	1.66	12
	Janata Dal (United)	8,926,679	1.46	16
	Nationalist Congress Party	8,500,331	1.39	5
	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	7,830,146	1.28	1
	Telangana Rashtra Samithi	7,696,848	1.26	9
	Rashtriya Janata Dal	6,632,247	1.08	0
	Shiromani Akali Dal	3,778,574	0.62	2
	Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi	3,743,560	0.61	0
	Communist Party of India	3,576,184	0.58	2
	Janata Dal (Secular)	3,457,107	0.56	1
	Lok Jan Shakti Party	3,206,979	0.52	6
	Aam Aadmi Party	2,716,629	0.44	1
	Pattali Makkal Katchi	2,297,431	0.37	0
	Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam	2,249,118	0.37	0
	Jana Sena Party	1,915,127	0.31	0
	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha	1,901,976	0.31	1
	Naam Tamilar Katchi	1,668,079	0.27	0
	Makkal Needhi Maiam	1,613,708	0.26	0
	Indian Union Muslim League	1,592,467	0.26	3
	Asom Gana Parishad	1,480,697	0.24	0
	Rashtriya Lok Samta Party	1,462,518	0.24	0
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	1,447,363	0.24	0
	All India United Democratic Front	1,402,088	0.23	1
	All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen	1,201,542	0.20	2
	Apna Dal (Sonelal)	1,039,478	0.17	2
	Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)	956,501	0.16	0
	Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam	929,590	0.15	0
	Swabhimani Paksha	834,380	0.14	0
	Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)	750,799	0.12	0
	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation	711,715	0.12	0
	Revolutionary Socialist Party	709,685	0.12	1
	Vikassheel Insaan Party	660,706	0.11	0
	Rashtriya Loktantrik Party	660,051	0.11	1
	All Jharkhand Students Union	648,277	0.11	1
	Jannayak Janta Party	619,970	0.10	0
	Bharatiya Tribal Party	539,319	0.09	0
	Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi	507,643	0.08	1
	Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party	500,510	0.08	1
	Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi	491,596	0.08	0
	Lok Insaaf Party	469,784	0.08	0
	Bodoland People's Front	446,774	0.07	0
	National People's Party	425,986	0.07	1
	Kerala Congress (M)	421,046	0.07	1
	United People's Party Liberal	416,305	0.07	0
	Bahujan Mukti Party	405,949	0.07	0
	Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)	403,835	0.07	0
	Ambedkarite Party of India	381,070	0.06	0
	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena	380,847	0.06	0
	Naga People's Front	363,527	0.06	1
	Pragatishil Samajwadi Party (Lohia)	344,546	0.06	0
	All India Forward Bloc	322,507	0.05	0
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	313,925	0.05	0
	Punjab Ekta Party	296,620	0.05	0
	Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha	281,578	0.05	0
	Jammu & Kashmir National Conference	280,356	0.05	3
	United Democratic Party	267,256	0.04	0
	All India N.R. Congress	247,956	0.04	0
	Indian National Lok Dal	240,258	0.04	0
	Mizo National Front	224,286	0.04	1
	Tamil Maanila Congress	220,849	0.04	0
	Gondwana Ganatantra Party	210,088	0.03	0
	Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)	203,369	0.03	0
	Social Democratic Party of India	169,680	0.03	0
	Sikkim Krantikari Morcha	166,922	0.03	1
	Nawan Punjab Party	161,645	0.03	0
	Kerala Congress	155,135	0.03	0
	Sikkim Democratic Front	154,489	0.03	0
	Peoples Party of India (Democratic)	153,103	0.02	0
	Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference	133,612	0.02	0
	Hindusthan Nirman Dal	122,972	0.02	0
	Uttama Prajaakeeya Party	120,800	0.02	0
	Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party	105,997	0.02	0
	Voters Party International	105,972	0.02	0
	Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)	97,631	0.02	0
	Bharat Prabhat Party	92,100	0.02	0
	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star	90,645	0.01	0
	Indigenous People's Front of Tripura	89,529	0.01	0
	Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party	84,054	0.01	0
	Jan Adhikar Party	79,975	0.01	0
	Pyramid Party of India	77,169	0.01	0
	Republican Party of India (Athawale)	71,524	0.01	0
	Rashtriya Hindu Sena	67,782	0.01	0
	Shoshit Samaj Dal	63,543	0.01	0
	Moulik Adhikar Party	59,235	0.01	0
	Rashtriya Samata Party (Secular)	58,110	0.01	0
	Telangana Jana Samithi	57,073	0.01	0
	Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party	55,868	0.01	0
	Loktanter Suraksha Party	55,280	0.01	0
	Bahujan Republican Socialist Party	54,266	0.01	0
	Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)(Simranjit Singh Mann)	52,185	0.01	0
	Aihra National Party	50,071	0.01	0
	Ambedkar National Congress	49,149	0.01	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Gondwana Party	48,426	0.01	0
	Bahujan Maha Party	46,185	0.01	0
	Purvanchal Janta Party (Secular)	43,892	0.01	0
	Rashtravadi Janata Party	42,905	0.01	0
	Bajjikanchal Vikas Party	40,906	0.01	0
	Anti Corruption Dynamic Party	40,214	0.01	0
	Peoples Democratic Party	39,856	0.01	0
	Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party	39,760	0.01	0
	North East India Development Party	37,221	0.01	0
	Autonomous State Demand Committee	36,915	0.01	0
	Amra Bangalee	36,570	0.01	0
	Ambedkar Samaj Party	35,076	0.01	0
	Jharkhand Party	35,060	0.01	0
	Aam Adhikar Morcha	34,845	0.01	0
	Bhartiya Lok Seva Dal	34,643	0.01	0
	Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi	34,233	0.01	0
	Janhit Kisan Party	33,902	0.01	0
	Sapaks Party	33,366	0.01	0
	Bihar Lok Nirman Dal	32,445	0.01	0
	Bharatiya Nyay-Adhikar Raksha Party	31,308	0.01	0
	Aam Janta Party Rashtriya	31,017	0.01	0
	Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party	30,983	0.01	0
	Yuva Krantikari Party	30,492	0.00	0
	Peace Party of India	29,998	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)	29,507	0.00	0
	Wazib Adhikar Party	29,392	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Lokmat Rashtrwadi Party	29,129	0.00	0
	Right to Recall Party	28,817	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	28,545	0.00	0
	People's Party of Arunachal	27,703	0.00	0
	Janta Dal Rashtravadi	27,584	0.00	0
	Jai Prakash Janata Dal	27,404	0.00	0
	Bahujan Nyay Dal	26,746	0.00	0
	Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan Party,	26,588	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Ulama Council	25,756	0.00	0
	Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic	25,630	0.00	0
	Swatantra Jantaraj Party	25,494	0.00	0
	Baliraja Party	24,915	0.00	0
	Samagra Utthan Party	24,816	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Momin Front	23,765	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party	23,580	0.00	0
	Hindu Mahasabha	23,475	0.00	0
	Akhil Hind Forward Bloc (Krantikari)	23,252	0.00	0
	Welfare Party Of India	23,035	0.00	0
	Satya Bahumat Party	22,560	0.00	0
	Hindustan Shakti Sena	21,771	0.00	0
	Asom Jana Morcha	21,678	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Kisan Party	21,551	0.00	0
	Moolniwasi Samaj Party	21,234	0.00	0
	Indian New Congress Party	21,095	0.00	0
	Marxist Communist Party of India (United)	21,045	0.00	0
	Sarvodaya Bharat Party	20,764	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Rashtrawadi Party	20,704	0.00	0
	India Praja Bandhu Party	20,682	0.00	0
	Prahar Janshakti Party	20,620	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Bahujan Congress	19,500	0.00	0
	Proutist Bloc, India	19,457	0.00	0
	Jharkhand Party (Naren)	18,869	0.00	0
	Aapki Apni Party (Peoples)	18,866	0.00	0
	Lok Gathbandhan Party	18,684	0.00	0
	Samajwadi Forward Bloc	18,577	0.00	0
	Lokdal	18,218	0.00	0
	Nagrik Ekta Party	18,037	0.00	0
	Jantantrik Vikas Party	17,955	0.00	0
	Vanchit Samaj Party	17,856	0.00	0
	Revolutionary Marxist Party of India	17,125	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jansabha Party	16,902	0.00	0
	Aam Janta Party (India)	16,749	0.00	0
	Bharatiya National Janta Dal	16,743	0.00	0
	Hum Bhartiya Party	16,672	0.00	0
	Aajad Bharat Party (Democratic)	16,481	0.00	0
	Rashtriya mahan Gantantra Party	16,371	0.00	0
	Jharkhand People's Party	16,195	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Anarakshit Party	15,907	0.00	0
	Madhya Pradesh Jan Vikas Party	15,472	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Dalit Party	15,376	0.00	0
	Swaraj Party (Loktantrik)	15,132	0.00	0
	Vyavastha Parivartan Party	14,974	0.00	0
	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party	14,882	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Praja Surajya Paksha	14,757	0.00	0
	Republican Party of India (Karnataka)	14,746	0.00	0
	Janata Congress	14,595	0.00	0
	Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi	14,300	0.00	0
	Sarva Janata Party	14,213	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Republican Party (Insan)	14,142	0.00	0
	Bahujan Awam Party	14,060	0.00	0
	Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag)	14,016	0.00	0
	Jai Hind Party	13,693	0.00	0
	Proutist Sarva Samaj	13,535	0.00	0
	Janata Party	13,467	0.00	0
	Purvanchal Mahapanchayat	13,450	0.00	0
	Prism	13,323	0.00	0
	Public Mission Party	13,238	0.00	0
	Prabuddha Republican Party	13,229	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Gana Parishad	13,039	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Mitra Party	12,737	0.00	0
	Kamatapur People's Party (United)	12,666	0.00	0
	Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (Democratic)	12,629	0.00	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Apna Dal	12,538	0.00	0
	Sarvadharam Party (Madhya Pradesh)	12,525	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party	12,459	0.00	0
	Kalinga Sena	12,432	0.00	0
	Swatantra Bharat Paksha	12,430	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Jan Satta Party	12,416	0.00	0
	Party for Democratic Socialism	12,087	0.00	0
	Republican Party of India	12,015	0.00	0
	Smart Indians Party	11,877	0.00	0
	Pragatisheel Samaj Party	11,752	0.00	0
	Garib Janshakti Party	11,678	0.00	0
	Ganasangam Party of India	11,631	0.00	0
	Asli Deshi Party	11,598	0.00	0
	Jana Jagruti Party	11,464	0.00	0
	Janral Samaj Party	11,324	0.00	0
	Aadarsh Mithila Party	11,311	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Power Party	11,248	0.00	0
	Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena	11,200	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Manavadhikaar Federal Party	11,132	0.00	0
	All India Peoples' Front (Radical)	11,032	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Independent Morcha	10,914	0.00	0
	Jan Sangharsh Virat Party	10,569	0.00	0
	Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress	10,532	0.00	0
	Garvi Gujarat Party	10,469	0.00	0
	Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali)	10,424	0.00	0
	Yuva Jan Jagriti Party	10,147	0.00	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Mithila Party	10,127	0.00	0
	Hindustan Janta Party	9,997	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party	9,914	0.00	0
	Akhil Bharat Samagra Kranti Party	9,912	0.00	0
	Bharat Bhrashtachar Mitao Party	9,894	0.00	0
	Loktantrik Jan Swaraj Party	9,868	0.00	0
	Praja Shanthi Party	9,738	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Aam Awam Party	9,628	0.00	0
	Indian Peoples Green Party	9,538	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Kisan Parivartan Party	9,503	0.00	0
	Samata Samadhan Party	9,396	0.00	0
	Lok Jan Vikas Morcha	9,278	0.00	0
	Rajnaitik Vikalp Party	9,109	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Jana Sangh	9,015	0.00	0
	Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy	9,007	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Maratha Party	8,997	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular)	8,900	0.00	0
	Pichhara Samaj Party United	8,884	0.00	0
	Uttarakhand Kranti Dal	8,830	0.00	0
	Vishva SHakti Party	8,784	0.00	0
	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)	8,672	0.00	0
	Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party	8,643	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janasachetan Party (R.J.P.)	8,609	0.00	0
	Apna Dal United Party	8,541	0.00	0
	Krupaa Party	8,510	0.00	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Jharkhand Party	8,484	0.00	0
	Bahujan Azad Party	8,421	0.00	0
	Loksangram	8,418	0.00	0
	Rashtra Sewa Dal	8,381	0.00	0
	Apna Kisan Party	8,354	0.00	0
	Odisha Pragati Dal	8,304	0.00	0
	Assam Dristi Party	8,285	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha	8,260	0.00	0
	Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party	8,210	0.00	0
	Sanyukt Vikas Party	8,205	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Aavaam Ekta Party	8,164	0.00	0
	All India Hindustan Congress Party	8,082	0.00	0
	Nava Praja Rajyam Party	8,007	0.00	0
	Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party	7,974	0.00	0
	Indian Democratic Republican Front	7,784	0.00	0
	AARAKSHAN VIRODHI PARTY	7,697	0.00	0
	Akhand Samaj Party	7,569	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party (United)	7,561	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party	7,370	0.00	0
	Mundadugu Praja Party	7,342	0.00	0
	Sanatan Sanskriti Raksha Dal	7,325	0.00	0
	Agila India Makkal Kazhagam	7,320	0.00	0
	Naitik Party	7,294	0.00	0
	Kanshiram Bahujan Dal	7,255	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Janraj Party	7,210	0.00	0
	Janhit Bharat Party	7,192	0.00	0
	New Democratic Party of India	7,081	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Kranti Party	6,997	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Samanta Dal	6,918	0.00	0
	Freethought Party of India	6,884	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Apna Dal	6,840	0.00	0
	Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)	6,802	0.00	0
	Samaj Adhikar Kalyan Party	6,736	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Jan Nayak Party	6,735	0.00	0
	Bharat Bhoomi Party	6,730	0.00	0
	BhartiyaBahujanKranti Dal	6,684	0.00	0
	Nationalist Justice Party	6,531	0.00	0
	Bharateeya Manavadhikar party	6,511	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Hind Fauj	6,508	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Sarvjan Vikas Party	6,497	0.00	0
	All India Jana Andolan Party	6,495	0.00	0
	Parivartan Samaj Party	6,469	0.00	0
	Sankhyanupati Bhagidari Party	6,395	0.00	0
	Saman Aadmi Saman Party	6,368	0.00	0
	Lok Sewa Dal	6,313	0.00	0
	Sabka Dal United	6,283	0.00	0
	Maanavvaadi Janta Party	6,267	0.00	0
	Minorities Democratic Party	6,198	0.00	0
	Jago Hindustan Party	6,171	0.00	0
	Dalita Bahujana Party	6,133	0.00	0
	Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh	5,971	0.00	0
	Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim	5,885	0.00	0
	Nationalist People's Front	5,798	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jan Gaurav Party	5,768	0.00	0
	Jan Shakti Dal	5,758	0.00	0
	Apna Desh Party	5,682	0.00	0
	Bharat Nirman Party	5,674	0.00	0
	Republican Sena	5,654	0.00	0
	Kisan Party of India	5,647	0.00	0
	Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party	5,540	0.00	0
	Anna YSR Congress Party	5,511	0.00	0
	Awami Samta Party	5,504	0.00	0
	Ezhuchi Tamilargal Munnetra Kazhagam	5,482	0.00	0
	Prithviraj Janshakti Party	5,451	0.00	0
	Uttarakhand Parivartan Party	5,351	0.00	0
	Secular Democratic Congress	5,321	0.00	0
	Akhil Bharatiya Muslim League (Secular)	5,179	0.00	0
	Annadata Party	5,147	0.00	0
	Anaithu Makkal Puratchi Katchi	5,089	0.00	0
	Swarna Bharat Party	5,064	0.00	0
	Samajik Nyaya Party	5,027	0.00	0
	Mazdoor Kirayedar Vikas Party	5,017	0.00	0
	Samajwadi Janata Party(Karnataka)	4,991	0.00	0
	Samaanya Praja Party	4,983	0.00	0
	Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule)	4,923	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Navjawan Sena (Paksha)	4,917	0.00	0
	People's Party of India(secular)	4,914	0.00	0
	Democratic Party of India (Ambedkar)	4,913	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party	4,897	0.00	0
	Janta Kranti Party (Rashtravadi)	4,873	0.00	0
	Aasra Lokmanch Party	4,856	0.00	0
	Nationalist Janshakti Party	4,847	0.00	0
	Indian Christian Front	4,832	0.00	0
	Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party	4,809	0.00	0
	Atulya Bharat Party	4,737	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Krishak Dal	4,696	0.00	0
	The National Road Map Party of India	4,672	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Amrit Party	4,632	0.00	0
	Prajatantrik Samadhan Party	4,612	0.00	0
	Navbharat Nirman Party	4,590	0.00	0
	Manavtawadi Samaj Party	4,498	0.00	0
	National Jagaran Party	4,444	0.00	0
	Mithilanchal Mukti Morcha	4,413	0.00	0
	Republican Party of India (Khobragade)	4,402	0.00	0
	Ambedkarist Republican Party	4,399	0.00	0
	Nava Samaj Party	4,286	0.00	0
	Aadarsh Sangram Party	4,283	0.00	0
	National Republican Congress	4,278	0.00	0
	Navarang Congress Party	4,265	0.00	0
	Prajaa Swaraaj Party	4,179	0.00	0
	Jharkhand Anushilan Party	4,164	0.00	0
	Pichhra Samaj Party	4,073	0.00	0
	Manvadhikar National Party	4,071	0.00	0
	Mulnibasi Party of India	4,057	0.00	0
	All India Ulama Congress	4,024	0.00	0
	Rashtrawadi Party of India,	4,016	0.00	0
	Indian Unity Centre	4,003	0.00	0
	Manuvadi Party	3,962	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Lok Sarvadhikar Party	3,944	0.00	0
	Social Justice Party of India	3,927	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)	3,926	0.00	0
	Subhashwadi Bhartiya Samajwadi Party (Subhas Party)	3,919	0.00	0
	Bharat Jan Aadhar Party	3,919	0.00	0
	Socialist Party (India)	3,916	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party	3,908	0.00	0
	Akhand Hind Party	3,907	0.00	0
	National Women's Party	3,903	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Sangail Party	3,895	0.00	0
	Samata Kranti Dal	3,877	0.00	0
	RASHTRIYA VIKLANG PARTY	3,845	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Azad Manch	3,799	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Kranti Vir Party	3,778	0.00	0
	VANCHITSAMAJ INSAAF PARTY	3,756	0.00	0
	Hindusthan Praja Paksha	3,750	0.00	0
	Jan Seva Sahayak Party	3,731	0.00	0
	Jan Samman party	3,706	0.00	0
	Karnataka Praja Party (RaithaParva)	3,697	0.00	0
	Vikas Insaf Party	3,694	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Sahara Party	3,687	0.00	0
	Apna Samaj Party	3,678	0.00	0
	Jan Satya Path Party	3,646	0.00	0
	Indian National League	3,644	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Sarvodaya Party	3,638	0.00	0
	Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi	3,599	0.00	0
	Adhikar Vikas Party	3,526	0.00	0
	Dalit Soshit Pichhara Varg Adhikar Dal	3,522	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Panchyat Party	3,449	0.00	0
	Aap Aur Hum Party	3,434	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jansurajya Party	3,433	0.00	0
	Adarsh Samaj Party	3,423	0.00	0
	Telangana Yuva Shakti	3,407	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jankranti Party	3,405	0.00	0
	New All India Congress Party	3,391	0.00	0
	Pragatisheel Lok Manch	3,339	0.00	0
	Desiya Uzhavar Uzhaipalar Kazhagam	3,337	0.00	0
	Kisan Raksha Party,	3,303	0.00	0
	Bharat Lok Sewak Party	3,271	0.00	0
	Jai Maha Bharath Party	3,267	0.00	0
	Rastriya Insaaf Party	3,265	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Insan Party	3,264	0.00	0
	Chandigarh Ki Aawaz Party	3,186	0.00	0
	Rashtra Nirman Party	3,167	0.00	0
	Samdarshi Samaj Party	3,139	0.00	0
	Karnataka Karmikara Paksha	3,084	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party	3,066	0.00	0
	Gorkha Rashtriya Congress	2,952	0.00	0
	Samaj Bhalai Morcha	2,917	0.00	0
	Makkal Sananayaga Kudiyarasu Katchi,	2,906	0.00	0
	Sarvshreshth Dal	2,901	0.00	0
	Bharat Rakshak Party (Democratic)	2,880	0.00	0
	Yuva Vikas Party	2,858	0.00	0
	Satya Kranti Party	2,857	0.00	0
	National Labour Party	2,833	0.00	0
	Republican Party of India (Kamble)	2,809	0.00	0
	Swabhiman Party	2,805	0.00	0
	Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)	2,802	0.00	0
	All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam	2,764	0.00	0
	Maharashtra Kranti Sena	2,761	0.00	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Navnirman Party	2,759	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Sahyog Party	2,756	0.00	0
	Sabhi Jan Party	2,751	0.00	0
	Loktantrik Janshakti Party	2,725	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Pragati Party	2,718	0.00	0
	All India Labour Party	2,707	0.00	0
	Chhattisgarh Swabhiman Manch	2,691	0.00	0
	Samta Vikas Party	2,688	0.00	0
	Janvadi Party(Socialist)	2,640	0.00	0
	Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party	2,640	0.00	0
	Akhand Rashtrawadi Party	2,626	0.00	0
	Naam Indiar Party	2,597	0.00	0
	Indian Indira Congress (R)	2,569	0.00	0
	Sunder Samaj Party	2,568	0.00	0
	Sarvjan Lok Shakti Party	2,554	0.00	0
	Tamil Telugu National Party	2,516	0.00	0
	Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha	2,510	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh	2,484	0.00	0
	Jansatta Party	2,484	0.00	0
	Voters Party	2,478	0.00	0
	Mahamukti Dal	2,477	0.00	0
	Nirbhay Bharteey Party	2,449	0.00	0
	Mahasankalp Janta Party	2,427	0.00	0
	Kisan Raj Party,	2,426	0.00	0
	Samajwadi Samaj Party	2,417	0.00	0
	Lok Chetna Dal	2,384	0.00	0
	Navbharat Ekta Dal	2,371	0.00	0
	Janta Raj Vikas Party	2,364	0.00	0
	Adarsh Nyay Rakshak Party	2,360	0.00	0
	Netaji Subhash Chander Bose Rashtriya Azad Party	2,342	0.00	0
	Janta Raj Party	2,308	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Bharatiya Jan Jan Party	2,291	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Aamjan Party	2,272	0.00	0
	Samrat Ashok Sena Party	2,214	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Bahujan Samta Party	2,210	0.00	0
	Svatantra Bharat Satyagrah Party	2,142	0.00	0
	Hind Congress Party	2,094	0.00	0
	Tripura Peoples Party	2,076	0.00	0
	Swatantra Samaj Party	2,069	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janmat Party	2,058	0.00	0
	Uttar Pradesh Navnirman Sena	2,051	0.00	0
	Uttarakhand Pragatisheel Party	2,041	0.00	0
	Sajag Samaj Party	2,041	0.00	0
	All India Praja Party	2,023	0.00	0
	Andaman & Nicobar Janta Party	2,017	0.00	0
	Karnataka Jantha Paksha	2,013	0.00	0
	Indian Rakshaka Nayakudu Party	2,012	0.00	0
	All India Uzhavargal Uzhaippalargal Katchi	1,999	0.00	0
	Hamro Sikkim Party	1,998	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Bhaichara Party	1,995	0.00	0
	Sangharsh Sena	1,987	0.00	0
	Adhunik Bharat Party	1,976	0.00	0
	Rashtrawadi Chetna Party	1,975	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Aadarsh Member Party	1,965	0.00	0
	Sanman Rajkiya Paksha	1,961	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party	1,948	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Dal United	1,907	0.00	0
	Samajwadi Jan Parishad	1,899	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Harit Party	1,886	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Sarvjan Hitey Samaj Party	1,852	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Gondvana Party	1,850	0.00	0
	All India Minorities Front	1,850	0.00	0
	Bundelkhand Kranti Dal	1,849	0.00	0
	Republican Bahujan Sena	1,820	0.00	0
	Jan Adesh Akshuni Sena	1,812	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Kisan Union Samaj Party	1,786	0.00	0
	Manipur Peoples Party	1,783	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Bhagidari Samaj Party	1,777	0.00	0
	Republican Party of India (Reformist)	1,777	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Matadata Party	1,771	0.00	0
	Ahila India Dhayaga Makkal Munnetra Katchi	1,765	0.00	0
	Al-Hind Party	1,764	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Garib Dal	1,749	0.00	0
	Vishwa Jana Party	1,726	0.00	0
	Independent People’s Party	1,723	0.00	0
	Pravasi Nivasi Party	1,695	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Rashtravadi Samanta Party	1,695	0.00	0
	Shri Janta Party	1,672	0.00	0
	Mazdoor Dalit Kisaan Mahila Gareeb Party (Hindustani)	1,669	0.00	0
	Telangana Communist Party of India	1,660	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Peoples Party	1,649	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Samrasta Party	1,648	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Naujawan Dal	1,630	0.00	0
	National Lokmat Party	1,628	0.00	0
	Jammu & Kashmir Pir Panjal Awami Party	1,612	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jantantrik Bharat Vikas Party	1,600	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party	1,596	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party	1,574	0.00	0
	Kisan Majdoor Berojgar Sangh	1,574	0.00	0
	Jwala Dal	1,572	0.00	0
	Akhil Bharatiya Sena	1,567	0.00	0
	Andhra Rastra Praja Samithi	1,563	0.00	0
	Jan Shakti Ekta Party	1,557	0.00	0
	Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Dal	1,549	0.00	0
	Rashtrawadi Shramjeevi Dal	1,548	0.00	0
	Vishwa Manav Samaj Kalyan Parishad,	1,529	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Azad Sena	1,527	0.00	0
	Gujarat Janta Panchayat Party	1,524	0.00	0
	Forward Democratic Labour Party	1,519	0.00	0
	Republican Paksha (Khoripa)	1,506	0.00	0
	Sikkim Republican Party	1,503	0.00	0
	Praja Satta Party	1,462	0.00	0
	National Bhrashtachar Mukt Party	1,453	0.00	0
	Engineers Party	1,442	0.00	0
	Bhapase Party	1,434	0.00	0
	Hum Sabki Party	1,432	0.00	0
	Jai Hind Samaj Party	1,431	0.00	0
	Rastriya Aam Jan Seva Party	1,425	0.00	0
	Ahinsa Samaj Party	1,424	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janvikas Party (Democratic)	1,414	0.00	0
	Prism	1,400	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Jan Sampark Party	1,392	0.00	0
	Sabse Achchhi Party	1,360	0.00	0
	Prajatantra Aadhar Party	1,346	0.00	0
	Manav Kranti Party	1,344	0.00	0
	Navodayam Party	1,341	0.00	0
	Kalyankari Jantantrik Party	1,336	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Vyapari Party	1,326	0.00	0
	Yekikrutha Sankshema Rashtriya Praja Party	1,320	0.00	0
	Puducherry Development Party	1,319	0.00	0
	National Fifty Fifty Front	1,308	0.00	0
	Shane Hind Fourm	1,306	0.00	0
	Yuva Sarkar	1,296	0.00	0
	Rashtra Vikas Zumbes Party	1,290	0.00	0
	All Indian Rajiv Congress Party	1,282	0.00	0
	Anjaan Aadmi Party	1,281	0.00	0
	Ekta Samaj Party	1,270	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Bahujan Parivartan Party	1,268	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janta Party	1,264	0.00	0
	Andhra Chaitanya Party	1,263	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Ambedkar Dal	1,258	0.00	0
	Manipur Democratic Peoples's Front	1,256	0.00	0
	United States of India Party	1,244	0.00	0
	Jharkhand Party (Secular),	1,244	0.00	0
	Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi	1,229	0.00	0
	Rashtravadi Party (Bharat)	1,225	0.00	0
	Prem Janata Dal	1,223	0.00	0
	Radical Democrats	1,220	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Jan Samman Party	1,218	0.00	0
	Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party	1,207	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha	1,184	0.00	0
	Navsarjan Bharat Party	1,160	0.00	0
	National Development Party	1,138	0.00	0
	Navataram Party	1,135	0.00	0
	Lokjagar Party	1,135	0.00	0
	Makkalatchi Katchi	1,115	0.00	0
	Vivasayigal Makkal Munnetra Katchi	1,108	0.00	0
	Sarvjan Sewa Party	1,085	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Bahujan Party	1,069	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janwadi Party (Socialist)	1,060	0.00	0
	New India Party	1,059	0.00	0
	Jai Swaraj Party	1,056	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Jan Morcha Party	1,055	0.00	0
	National Youth Party	1,053	0.00	0
	Telangana Sakalajanula Party	1,048	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Nojawan Dal	1,047	0.00	0
	National Apni Party	1,044	0.00	0
	Hindu Samaj Party	1,014	0.00	0
	Bahujana Raajyam Party (Phule Ambedkar)	1,008	0.00	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Ekata Party	1,006	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)	996	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Rashtravadi Paksha	992	0.00	0
	Navnirman Party	985	0.00	0
	Shiromani Lok Dal Party	984	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Vanchitsamaj Party	984	0.00	0
	Mera Adhikaar Rashtriya Dal	973	0.00	0
	Ahimsa Socialist Party	972	0.00	0
	Himachal Jan Kranti Party	970	0.00	0
	Lok Jan Sangharsh Party	968	0.00	0
	Challengers Party	958	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Naujawan Inklav Party	932	0.00	0
	Ambedkar Yug Party	921	0.00	0
	Janapaalana Party (Democratic)	913	0.00	0
	All Pensioner’s Party	892	0.00	0
	National Nava Kranthi Party	887	0.00	0
	Akhil Bharatiya Manavata Paksha	885	0.00	0
	Saaf Party	882	0.00	0
	Hamari Apni Party	847	0.00	0
	Adarshwaadi Congress Party	838	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party	829	0.00	0
	Azad Mazdoor Kissan Party	829	0.00	0
	Indian Gandhiyan Party	824	0.00	0
	Bharatiya Majdoor Janta Party	822	0.00	0
	The Future India Party	820	0.00	0
	Raita Bharat Party	811	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Nav Nirman Bharat Party	811	0.00	0
	Socialist Janata Party	805	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Mangalam Party	798	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janutthan Party	776	0.00	0
	Ilantamilar Munnani Kazhagam	748	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Janhit Sangharsh Party	747	0.00	0
	Bahujan Suraksha Dal	743	0.00	0
	Sarvodaya Prabhat Party	740	0.00	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Sarvadharma Samaj Party	735	0.00	0
	Samajtantric Party of India	730	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Pragatisheel Congress	724	0.00	0
	Inqalab Vikas Dal	718	0.00	0
	Adim Bhartiya Dal	716	0.00	0
	Jan Sangh Party	712	0.00	0
	Loktantrik Rashrtavadi Party	705	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jansena Party	699	0.00	0
	Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party	696	0.00	0
	Punjab Labour Party	692	0.00	0
	Universal Brotherhood Movement	689	0.00	0
	SARVA VIKAS PARTY	688	0.00	0
	Majdoor Kisan Union Party	687	0.00	0
	Khusro Sena Party	687	0.00	0
	B. C. United Front	649	0.00	0
	Anaithu Makkal Katchi	645	0.00	0
	Akila India Vallalar Peravai	643	0.00	0
	National Dalitha Dhal Party	628	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Navodaya Party	619	0.00	0
	Sikkim United Front	614	0.00	0
	Mahila & Yuva Shakti Party	605	0.00	0
	Democratic Corruption Liberation Front	596	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Backward Party	584	0.00	0
	Fauji Janta Party	564	0.00	0
	Aadarsh Janata Sewa Party	551	0.00	0
	People’s Union Party	547	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party	535	0.00	0
	Real Democracy Party	532	0.00	0
	Swarnim Bharat Inquilab	527	0.00	0
	Telangana Prajala Party	521	0.00	0
	Kartavya Rashtriya Party	512	0.00	0
	Akhil Bhartiya Lok Dal	503	0.00	0
	Bahujan Samyak Party (Mission)	501	0.00	0
	Democratic Party of India	499	0.00	0
	Christian Democratic Front	494	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Janta Dal	489	0.00	0
	Lokpriya Samaj Party	478	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Vikas Party	477	0.00	0
	Rashtravadi Kranti Dal	475	0.00	0
	Jai Lok Party	473	0.00	0
	Bharatrashtra Democratic Party	472	0.00	0
	Republican Party of India Ektavadi	463	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Rashtrawadi Party	461	0.00	0
	United Democratic Front Secular	451	0.00	0
	Hardam Manavtawadi Rashtriya Dal	447	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Ahinsa Manch	440	0.00	0
	Bhartiya Janta Dal (Integrated)	435	0.00	0
	Democratic Prajakranthi Party Secularist	429	0.00	0
	Sanjhi Virasat Party	419	0.00	0
	All Indians Party	396	0.00	0
	Gareeb Aadmi Party	385	0.00	0
	All Peoples Party	370	0.00	0
	Rajyadhikara Party	368	0.00	0
	Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party	349	0.00	0
	Daksha Party	346	0.00	0
	Tola Party	330	0.00	0
	Corruption Abolition Party	275	0.00	0
	Desh Janhit Party	273	0.00	0
	Independent	16,467,341	2.69	4
None of the above		6,513,355	1.06	–
Vacant				1
Nominated Anglo-Indians				2
Total		613,146,768	100.00	545

Valid votes		613,146,768	99.92
Invalid/blank votes		509,530	0.08
Total votes		613,656,298	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		910,512,091	67.40
Source: ECI, ECI

Aftermath

Reactions

National

Indian National Congress party leaders such as Rahul Gandhi and others conceded defeat and congratulated Modi and his party.^[195] Other opposition parties and political leaders such as Sharad Pawar,^[196] Mamata Banerjee and Omar Abdullah,^[197] congratulated PM Modi and BJP for their victory.

On 20 November 2019 the Association for Democratic Reforms filed a petition with the Supreme Court of India over alleged ballot-counting discrepancies in the Lok Sabha voting and seeking a probe by the ECI.^[198]

International

The leaders of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, China, Comoros, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lesotho, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Nigeria, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe congratulated Narendra Modi and the BJP on their victory.^[199]

Government formation

23 May 2019: PM Narendra Modi wins a second term with an overwhelming majority.
30 May 2019: PM Narendra Modi is sworn in as Prime Minister of India with 24 Cabinet Ministers, 9 MoS (Independent Charge) and 24 MoS.^[200]

Swearing-in ceremony

Narendra Modi, parliamentary leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, started his tenure after his oath of office as the 16th Prime Minister of India on 30 May 2019. Several other ministers were also sworn in along with Modi. The ceremony was noted by media for being the first ever oath of office of an Indian Prime Minister to have been attended by the heads of all BIMSTEC countries.

Impact

The benchmark BSE Sensex and Nifty50 indices hit intraday record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened after the exit polls and on the day the election results were announced.^[201]

Timeline

Electoral timelines are as below:^[202]

Notes

^ Two seats are reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled through Presidential nomination, while the poll in one constituency was cancelled.
^ In 9 states and union territories of India – such as Arunachal Pradesh, Kerala and Uttarakhand – more women turned out to vote than men in 2019.^[7]
^ ^a ^b The unemployment data in India is not collected on a monthly or an annual basis, rather it is determined through a sample survey once every 5 years, with a few exceptions. The survey methodology is unlike those in major world economies, and sub-classifies unemployment into categories such as "usual status unemployment" and "current status unemployment" based on the answers given by the individuals interviewed. Its methodology and results have been questioned by various scholars.^[44]^[45]^[46] The report and the refusal of the BJP government to release it has been criticised by economist Surjit Bhalla.^[45] According to Bhalla, the survey methodology is flawed and its results absurd, because the sample survey-based report finds that India's overall population has declined since 2011–12 by 1.2 per cent (contrary to the Census data which states a 6.7 per cent increase). The report finds that India's percent urbanisation and urban workforce has declined since 2012, which is contrary to all other studies on Indian urbanisation trends, states Bhalla.^[45] According to NSSO's report's data, "the Modi government has unleashed the most inclusive growth anywhere, and at any time in human history" – which is as unbelievable as the unemployment data it reports, states Bhalla.^[45] The NSSO report suggests the inflation-adjusted employment income of casual workers has dramatically increased while those of the salaried wage-earners has fallen during the 5-years of BJP government.^[45] The NSSO has also changed the sampling methodology in the latest round, state Bhalla and Avik Sarkar,^[47] which is one of the likely sources of its flawed statistics and conclusions.^[45]
^ According to Chandra: in 2009 after the persistently dynastic Samajwadi party, the larger Biju Janata Dal ranked next, followed by the Congress party. In 2004 and 2014, Congress ranked second.^[69]
^ Stanley Kochanek in 1987 published about the "briefcase politics" tradition in Indian politics during the decades when the Congress party dominated Indian national politics.^[114] Similarly, Rajeev Gowda and E Sridharan in 2012 have discussed the history of campaign financing laws in India and the role of black money in Indian elections.^[115] Devesh Kapur and Milan Vaishnav discuss the rise of "briefcase" black money donations in India triggered by the 1969 campaign financing bans proposed and enacted by Indira Gandhi, and the campaign finance law reforms thereafter through 2017. They call the recent reforms as yielding "greater transparency than ever before, though limited".^[116]

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Cite error: A list-defined reference named "auto" is not used in the content (see the help page).

External links

Media related to 2019 Indian general election at Wikimedia Commons

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[:02-23] Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.

[:12-24] Polling in Vellore was cancelled. (see below)

[:12x-25] Polling in Tripura East was rescheduled from 18 to 23 April.

[153] / indicate change from the 2014 elections.

[154] Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.

[155] Tamil Nadu has 39 constituencies. Polling in Vellore was cancelled.

[seats-1] Two seats are reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled through Presidential nomination, while the poll in one constituency was cancelled.

[9] In 9 states and union territories of India – such as Arunachal Pradesh, Kerala and Uttarakhand – more women turned out to vote than men in 2019.^[7]

[jobs-48] The unemployment data in India is not collected on a monthly or an annual basis, rather it is determined through a sample survey once every 5 years, with a few exceptions. The survey methodology is unlike those in major world economies, and sub-classifies unemployment into categories such as "usual status unemployment" and "current status unemployment" based on the answers given by the individuals interviewed. Its methodology and results have been questioned by various scholars.^[44]^[45]^[46] The report and the refusal of the BJP government to release it has been criticised by economist Surjit Bhalla.^[45] According to Bhalla, the survey methodology is flawed and its results absurd, because the sample survey-based report finds that India's overall population has declined since 2011–12 by 1.2 per cent (contrary to the Census data which states a 6.7 per cent increase). The report finds that India's percent urbanisation and urban workforce has declined since 2012, which is contrary to all other studies on Indian urbanisation trends, states Bhalla.^[45] According to NSSO's report's data, "the Modi government has unleashed the most inclusive growth anywhere, and at any time in human history" – which is as unbelievable as the unemployment data it reports, states Bhalla.^[45] The NSSO report suggests the inflation-adjusted employment income of casual workers has dramatically increased while those of the salaried wage-earners has fallen during the 5-years of BJP government.^[45] The NSSO has also changed the sampling methodology in the latest round, state Bhalla and Avik Sarkar,^[47] which is one of the likely sources of its flawed statistics and conclusions.^[45]

[76] According to Chandra: in 2009 after the persistently dynastic Samajwadi party, the larger Biju Janata Dal ranked next, followed by the Congress party. In 2004 and 2014, Congress ranked second.^[69]

[124] Stanley Kochanek in 1987 published about the "briefcase politics" tradition in Indian politics during the decades when the Congress party dominated Indian national politics.^[114] Similarly, Rajeev Gowda and E Sridharan in 2012 have discussed the history of campaign financing laws in India and the role of black money in Indian elections.^[115] Devesh Kapur and Milan Vaishnav discuss the rise of "briefcase" black money donations in India triggered by the 1969 campaign financing bans proposed and enacted by Indira Gandhi, and the campaign finance law reforms thereafter through 2017. They call the recent reforms as yielding "greater transparency than ever before, though limited".^[116]

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United Kingdom: UK govt welcomes Modi's 'inspiring' re-election Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, PTI, Business Standard (23 May 2019)

United States: Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Twitter (23 May 2019)

Uzbekistan: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 25 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

Venezuela: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 25 May 2019.

Vietnam: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

Zambia: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 28 May 2019.

Zimbabwe: "Emmerson Mnangagwa "@edmnangagwa"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[211] Argentina: "Mauricio Macri "@mauriciomacri"". Twitter. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

[212] Argentina: "Mauricio Macri "@mauriciomacri"". Twitter. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

[213] Australia, Israel, Nepal and Portugal: International leaders congratulate Prime Minister Narendra Modi on purported landslide win Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, TimesNow News (23 May 2019)

[214] Austria: "Sebastian Kurz "@sebastiankurz"". Twitter. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

[215] Bahrain: "Bahrain News Agency "@bna_en"". Twitter. 26 May 2019.

[216] Bhutan: "PM Bhutan "@PMBhutan"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[217] Botswana: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 29 May 2019.

[218] Brazil: "Jair M. Bolsonaro "@jairbolsonaro"". Twitter. 25 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

[219] Bulgaria: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 28 May 2019.

[220] Burundi: "Pierre Nkurunziza "@pnkurunziza"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[221] Canada: Mall, Rattan (23 May 2019). "Trudeau congratulates Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on his re-election". Indo-Canadian Voice. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.

[222] China, Japan, Pakistan, Russia: Xi, Putin and Netanyahu among first to congratulate Modi on election victory, The Economic Times (23 May 2019)

[223] Comoros: "Azali Assoumani "@Azali_officiel"". Twitter. 29 May 2019.

[224] Cyprus: "Nicos Anastasiades "@AnastasiadesCY"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[225] Czech Republic: "Andrej Babiš "@AndrejBabis"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[226] Estonia: "Jüri Ratas "@ratasjuri"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[227] France: French President Macron congratulates PM Modi Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard (23 May 2019)

[228] Georgia: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 25 May 2019.

[229] Germany: "May, Merkel, Saudi Crown Prince congratulate Modi". Business Standard India. 26 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.

[230] Ghana: "Nana Akufo-Addo "@NAkufoAddo"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[231] Iceland: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 25 May 2019.

[232] Indonesia: "Joko Widodo "@jokowi"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[233] Iran: "Iran, EU leaders also greet PM Modi on poll win". ANI. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019.

[234] Italy: "Giuseppe Conte "@GiuseppeConteIT"". Twitter. 23 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

[235] Jamaica: "Andrew Holness "@AndrewHolnessJM"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[236] Kenya: "Raila Odinga "@RailaOdinga"". Twitter. 23 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

[237] Kuwait: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

[238] Latvia: "Krišjānis Kariņš "@krisjaniskarins"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[239] Lesotho: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 29 May 2019.

[240] Lichtenstein: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 28 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.

[241] Luxembourg: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 25 May 2019.

[242] Madagascar: "Andry Rajoelina "@SE_Rajoelina"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[243] Malaysia: Dr M congratulates Modi on Indian election victory Archived 26 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Nation, The Star (26 May 2019)

[244] Maldives: "Mohamed Nasheed "@MohamedNasheed"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[245] Malta: "Joseph Muscat "@JosephMuscat_JM"". Twitter. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

[246] Mexico: "SRE México "@SRE_mx"". Twitter. 25 May 2019.

[247] Mongolia: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 27 May 2019.

[248] Myanmar: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[249] Namibia: "Hage Geingob "@hagegeingob"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[250] Netherlands: "Mark Rutte "@MinPres"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[251] New Zealand: "MFAT govt NZ "@MFATgovtNZ"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[252] Nicaragua: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[253] Nigeria: "Presidency Nigeria "@NGRPresident"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[254] North Korea: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 27 May 2019.

[255] Oman: "Raveesh Kumar"@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 26 May 2019.

[256] Palestine: "India in Palestine "@ROIRamallah"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[257] Qatar: "Qatar News Agency "@QNAEnglish"". Twitter. 26 May 2019.

[258] Rwanda: "Paul Kagame "@PaulKagame"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[259] Saudi Arabia: "SPA "@spagov"". Twitter. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

[260] Senegal: "Macky Sall "@Macky_Sall"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[261] Seychelles: "India in Seychelles "@hci_seychelles"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[262] Singapore: Singapore PM congratulates Modi on poll victory, hopes for enhanced cooperation in digital space Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, PTI, Business Standard (23 May 2019)

[263] South Africa: "Cyril Ramaphosa "@CyrilRamaphosa"". Twitter. 26 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

[264] South Korea: "@moonriver365". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[265] St. Vincent and the Grenadines: "Ralph Gonsalves "@ComradeRalph"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[266] Switzerland: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 28 May 2019.

[267] Tajikistan: "Raveesh Kumar@MEAIndia". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[268] Thailand: "India in Thailand "@IndiainThailand"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[269] Turkmenistan: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

[270] Uganda: "Kaguta Museveni "@KagutaMuseveni"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[271] Ukraine: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 24 May 2019.

[272] United Kingdom: UK govt welcomes Modi's 'inspiring' re-election Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, PTI, Business Standard (23 May 2019)

[273] United States: Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Twitter (23 May 2019)

[274] Uzbekistan: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 25 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

[275] Venezuela: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 25 May 2019.

[276] Vietnam: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

[277] Zambia: "Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"". Twitter. 28 May 2019.

[278] Zimbabwe: "Emmerson Mnangagwa "@edmnangagwa"". Twitter. 23 May 2019.

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[note 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[note 2]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[n 1]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[note 3]

[43]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[note 4]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]