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National highways of China

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This article is about highways in the People's Republic of China. For expressways, see expressways of China. For highways in the Republic of China, see highway system in Taiwan.

The China National Highways (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国国道; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國國道; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guódào) are a series of trunk roads across mainland China. Although they are called "highways" (e.g., the Jingbao Highway), they are not necessarily freeways. However, like expressways, a toll is sometimes charged. [citation needed]

Regulation

Toll plaza on the combined G106/G316 in the center of the town of Futu, in Huangshi Municipality, Hubei

Although an accepted speed limit on China National Highways is 100 km/h, it is common to see cars pass other by in well in excess of 100 km/h. The lack of speed detection cameras on some routes, lack of a posted speed limit outside of localities and tremendous distances of road mileage, means that enforcing this speed limit is rather herculean. In addition there is a notable shortage of traffic police in mainland China.

Nationwide highways often begin with the letter G, followed by three numerals, e.g.: G107. It is said that the G stands for 国家 (guójiā), or national.[1]

The numbering of the highways is as follows:

  • Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes were labelled in the former 000 series (the so-called "five downs and seven acrosses"), although these have been deprecated in favour of the "NTHS" (7918) system.
  • Highways in the 100 series (e.g. 102, 106) begin from Beijing - the capital city of the People's Republic of China - and spread out in all compass directions, except for China National Highway 112, which originates in Xuanhua as it is a ring around Beijing.
  • Highways in the 200 series stretch from north to south (e.g., from Hohhot in Inner Mongolia through to Beihai in Guangxi province);
  • Highways in the 300 series stretch from east to west (e.g., from Shanghai through to Ruili in Yunnan province);
  • Highways in the 500 series are connecting roads between other national highways.

In major cities, there is usually a gap in the road within the city.

Highway construction

Map of China National Highway Plan (2013-30)
Although most Guodao are good paved roads, some sections are still quite rough, such as this 20-km stretch of G209 north of Badong, Hubei (2009)

The building of highways is seen as key to accelerating infrastructure construction. In 2003, completed investment in highway construction was 350 billion yuan and 219 key highway projects progressed, focusing mainly on the five north-south and seven east-west national arterial highways as well as highways in western China and in rural areas. By the end of 2004, the total length of highways open to traffic reached 1.871 million km, including 34,300 km (21,300 mi) of expressways up to advanced modern transportation standard, ranking second in the world. The nation's highway density has now reached 19.5 km per 100 km2.

With the completion in 2008 of the five north-south and the seven east-west national arterial highways, totaling 35,000 km (22,000 mi), Beijing and Shanghai were linked by major highways, chiefly expressways, to the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating highway connections between over 200 cities.

The aim of the National Expressway Network Plan approved in early 2005 is an expressway system connecting all capitals of provinces and autonomous regions with Beijing and with each other, linking major cities and important counties. The network will have a total length of about 85,000 km (53,000 mi), including seven originating in Beijing; the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taipei, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Lhasa, Beijing-Ürümqi, and Beijing-Harbin expressways. Half of the projects are already completed.

In 2013 the Ministry of Transport announced the "National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030)", which will bring the total number of highways to 119, with 81 connecting highways between them. The total mileage will be increased to 265,000 km (165,000 mi), with increased focus on the western and less developed regions.[2]

List of all China National Highways

Typical kilometer marker: 1,284 km (798 mi) from Beijing on G106
Road sign using GZxx format on the old G025 (new G109) near Qinghai Lake

Highways listed in red were planned but never built, or have been abandoned or redesignated. Those listed in yellow are currently partially finished. Those listed in grey are under construction or still in planning.

Former 000 Series

Note: 000 Series China National Highways pointed to five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" were north-south (vertical) routes; routes ending in "5" were east-west (horizontal) routes. The new system with two to four numbers that indicate the "NTHS" (7918) system is now in use instead of the 000 Series. For the expressways' new numbering system, see Expressways of China.

It seems that the old 0xx numbers are still signposted using the format GZxx, e.g. in the Qinghai province, there are signs at the G109 (old G025) showing the number GZ25.

Number Name English Name Startpoint Endpoint Length Notes
G010 010国道 China National Highway 010 Tongjiang Sanya 5,700 km (3,500 mi) Was the longest China National Highway overall. Now G1011 and part of G1, G15 and G98.
G015 015国道 China National Highway 015 Suifenhe Manzhouli 2,540 km (1,580 mi) Now G10.
G020 020国道 China National Highway 020 Beijing Fuzhou 2,540 km (1,580 mi) Now part of G3.
G025 025国道 China National Highway 025 Dandong Lhasa 4,590 km (2,850 mi) Now part of G1113, G1 and G6.
G030 030国道 China National Highway 030 Beijing Zhuhai 2,310 km (1,440 mi) Now part of G4 and G4W.
G035 035国道 China National Highway 035 Qingdao Yinchuan 1,610 km (1,000 mi) Now G20.
G040 040国道 China National Highway 040 Erenhot Hekou 3,610 km (2,240 mi) Now part of G55, G5 and G80, and all of G8011.
G045 045国道 China National Highway 045 Lianyungang Khorgas 3,980 km (2,470 mi) Now G30.
G050 050国道 China National Highway 050 Chongqing Zhanjiang 1,430 km (890 mi) Now part of G15 and G75.
G055 055国道 China National Highway 055 Shanghai Chengdu 2,970 km (1,850 mi) Now G42.
G065 065国道 China National Highway 065 Shanghai Ruili 4,090 km (2,540 mi) Now G60 and part of G56.
G075 075国道 China National Highway 075 Hengyang Kunming 1,980 km (1,230 mi) Now part of G72, G80 and G78.

100 Series

On the Jingshi Expressway (formerly designated G030, now G4) near Beijing.
Number Name English Name Startpoint Endpoint Final Endpoint Current Length Notes
101国道 China National Highway 101 Beijing Shenyang 909 km (565 mi)
102国道 China National Highway 102 Beijing Harbin Fuyuan 1,297 km (806 mi)
103国道 China National Highway 103 Beijing Tianjin 162 km (101 mi) The shortest China National Highway overall.
104国道 China National Highway 104 Beijing Fuzhou Pingtan 2,420 km (1,500 mi)
105国道 China National Highway 105 Beijing Zhuhai Macau 2,717 km (1,688 mi)
106国道 China National Highway 106 Beijing Guangzhou 2,466 km (1,532 mi)
107国道 China National Highway 107 Beijing Shenzhen Hong Kong 2,662 km (1,654 mi)
108国道 China National Highway 108 Beijing Kunming 3,356 km (2,085 mi)
109国道 China National Highway 109 Beijing Lhasa 3,901 km (2,424 mi) The longest China National Highway from Beijing. Includes the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.
110国道 China National Highway 110 Beijing Yinchuan Qingtongxia 1,357 km (843 mi)
111国道 China National Highway 111 Beijing Jiagedaqi Mohe 2,123 km (1,319 mi)
112国道 China National Highway 112 Xuanhua N/A 1,228 km (763 mi) Ring road around Beijing.

200 Series

Number Name English Name Startpoint Final Startpoint Endpoint Final Endpoint Current Length Notes
201国道 China National Highway 201 Hegang Dalian 1,964 km (1,220 mi)
202国道 China National Highway 202 Heihe Dalian 1,818 km (1,130 mi)
203国道 China National Highway 203 Mingshui Suihua Shenyang 720 km (450 mi)
204国道 China National Highway 204 Yantai Shanghai 1,031 km (641 mi)
205国道 China National Highway 205 Qinhuangdao Shanhai Pass Shenzhen 3,160 km (1,960 mi)
206国道 China National Highway 206 Yantai Weihai Shantou 2,375 km (1,476 mi)
207国道 China National Highway 207 Xilinhot Ulanhot Hai'an 3,738 km (2,323 mi) The longest north-south China National Highway.
208国道 China National Highway 208 Erenhot Changzhi Xichuan 990 km (620 mi)
209国道 China National Highway 209 Hohhot Sonid Left Banner Beihai 3,435 km (2,134 mi)
210国道 China National Highway 210 Baotou Mandula Nanning Fangchenggang 3,097 km (1,924 mi)
211国道 China National Highway 211 Yinchuan Xi'an Rongjiang 691 km (429 mi)
212国道 China National Highway 212 Lanzhou Chongqing Longbon 1,302 km (809 mi)
213国道 China National Highway 213 Lanzhou Ceke Mohan 2,977 km (1,850 mi)
214国道 China National Highway 214 Xining Jinghong Lancang 3,296 km (2,048 mi)
215国道 China National Highway 215 Hongliuyuan Mazongshan Golmud Ning'er 641 km (398 mi)
216国道 China National Highway 216 Altay Hongshanzui Baluntai Gyirong 857 km (533 mi)
217国道 China National Highway 217 Altay Karakax Tashkurgen 1,753 km (1,089 mi)
218国道 China National Highway 218 Yining Khorgas Ruoqiang 1,067 km (663 mi)
219国道 China National Highway 219 Yecheng Kanas Lake Lhatse Dongxing 2,342 km (1,455 mi) Will become the longest China National Highway overall.
220国道 China National Highway 220 Binzhou Dongying Zhengzhou Shenzhen 585 km (364 mi)
221国道 China National Highway 221 Tongjiang Harbin 668 km (415 mi)
222国道 China National Highway 222 Yichun Jiayin Harbin Linjiang 363 km (226 mi)
223国道 China National Highway 223 Haikou Eastern Sanya 323 km (201 mi)
224国道 China National Highway 224 Haikou Central Sanya 309 km (192 mi) The shortest north-south China National Highway.
225国道 China National Highway 225 Haikou Western Sanya 429 km (267 mi)
226国道 China National Highway 226 Chuxiong Mojiang 288 km (179 mi) Planned but cancelled. Eventually built as Yunnan S218.
227国道 China National Highway 227 Zhangye Xining Menglian 347 km (216 mi)
228国道 China National Highway 228 Taipei N/A 956 km (594 mi) Hypothetical ring road around Taiwan. Never built due to the political status of Taiwan. Designation abandoned in 2013.
228国道 China National Highway 228 Dandong Dongxing
229国道 China National Highway 229 Raohe Gaizhou
230国道 China National Highway 230 Tonghua Wuhan
231国道 China National Highway 231 Nenjiang Shuangliao
232国道 China National Highway 232 Yakeshi Siping
233国道 China National Highway 233 Heshigten Huangshan
234国道 China National Highway 234 Xinglong Yangjiang
235国道 China National Highway 235 Xinyi Haifeng
236国道 China National Highway 236 Wuhu Shanwei
237国道 China National Highway 237 Jining Ningde
238国道 China National Highway 238 Nanchang Hualai
239国道 China National Highway 239 Xulun Hoh Yangquan
240国道 China National Highway 240 Baoding Taishan
241国道 China National Highway 241 Hohhot Beihai
242国道 China National Highway 242 Ganqimaodu Qinzhou
243国道 China National Highway 243 Kai Pingxiang
244国道 China National Highway 244 Wuhai Chongqing
245国道 China National Highway 245 Bazhong Jinping
246国道 China National Highway 246 Suining Malipo
247国道 China National Highway 247 Jingtai Zhaotong
248国道 China National Highway 248 Lanzhou Maguan

300 Series

Number Name English Name Startpoint Final Startpoint Endpoint Final Endpoint Current Length Notes
301国道 China National Highway 301 Suifenhe Manzhouli 1,680 km (1,040 mi)
302国道 China National Highway 302 Hunchun Ulanhot Arxan 1,028 km (639 mi)
303国道 China National Highway 303 Ji'an Xilinhot Abag 1,263 km (785 mi)
304国道 China National Highway 304 Dandong Holingol 889 km (552 mi)
305国道 China National Highway 305 Zhuanghe Bairin Left Banner West Ujimqin Banner 815 km (506 mi)
306国道 China National Highway 306 Suizhong Heshigten Zhu'engadabuqi 497 km (309 mi)
307国道 China National Highway 307 Huanghua Yinchuan Shandan 1,351 km (839 mi)
308国道 China National Highway 308 Qingdao Weihai Shijiazhuang 637 km (396 mi)
309国道 China National Highway 309 Rongcheng Lanzhou 2,208 km (1,372 mi)
310国道 China National Highway 310 Lianyungang Tianshui Gonghe 1,613 km (1,002 mi)
311国道 China National Highway 311 Xuzhou Lianyungang Xixia Luanchuan 748 km (465 mi)
312国道 China National Highway 312 Shanghai Khorgas 4,967 km (3,086 mi)
313国道 China National Highway 313 Guazhou Ruoqiang 821 km (510 mi) Now part of Gansu S314, G215 and Gansu S313, as well as partially abandoned.
314国道 China National Highway 314 Ürümqi Khunjerab Pass 1,948 km (1,210 mi) Includes the Chinese part of the Karakoram Highway.
315国道 China National Highway 315 Xining Kashgar Turugart 3,063 km (1,903 mi)
316国道 China National Highway 316 Fuzhou Changle Lanzhou Tongren 2,915 km (1,811 mi)
317国道 China National Highway 317 Chengdu Nagqu Gar 2,043 km (1,269 mi)
318国道 China National Highway 318 Shanghai Zhangmu 5,476 km (3,403 mi) The longest China National Highway overall.
319国道 China National Highway 319 Xiamen Kaohsiung Chengdu 2,984 km (1,854 mi)
320国道 China National Highway 320 Shanghai Ruili 3,695 km (2,296 mi)
321国道 China National Highway 321 Guangzhou Chengdu 2,220 km (1,380 mi)
322国道 China National Highway 322 Hengyang Rui'an Friendship Pass 1,039 km (646 mi)
323国道 China National Highway 323 Ruijin Lincang 2,915 km (1,811 mi)
324国道 China National Highway 324 Fuzhou Kunming 2,712 km (1,685 mi)
325国道 China National Highway 325 Guangzhou Nanning 868 km (539 mi)
326国道 China National Highway 326 Xiushan Hekou 1,562 km (971 mi)
327国道 China National Highway 327 Lianyungang Heze Guyuan 424 km (263 mi)
328国道 China National Highway 328 Hai'an Qidong Nanjing Laohekou 224 km (139 mi) The shortest east-west China National Highway.
329国道 China National Highway 329 Zhoushan Hangzhou Lushan 292 km (181 mi)
330国道 China National Highway 330 Wenzhou Shouchang Hefei 327 km (203 mi)
331国道 China National Highway 331 Dandong Altay
332国道 China National Highway 332 Luobei Ebuduge
333国道 China National Highway 333 Sanhe Morin Dawa
334国道 China National Highway 334 Longjing East Ujimqin Banner
335国道 China National Highway 335 Chengde Tacheng
336国道 China National Highway 336 Tianjin Shenmu
337国道 China National Highway 337 Huanghua Yulin
338国道 China National Highway 338 Haixing Tianjun
339国道 China National Highway 339 Binzhou Yulin
340国道 China National Highway 340 Dongying Zichang
341国道 China National Highway 341 Jiaonan Haiyan
342国道 China National Highway 342 Rizhao Feng
343国道 China National Highway 343 Dafeng Lushi
344国道 China National Highway 344 Dongtai Lingwu
345国道 China National Highway 345 Qidong Nagqu
346国道 China National Highway 346 Shanghai Ankang
347国道 China National Highway 347 Nanjing Delingha
348国道 China National Highway 348 Wuhan Dali
349国道 China National Highway 349 Donghua Saga
350国道 China National Highway 350 Lichuan Luhuo
351国道 China National Highway 351 Taizhou Xiaojin
352国道 China National Highway 352 Zhangjiajie Qiaojia
353国道 China National Highway 353 Ningde Fugong
354国道 China National Highway 354 Nanchang Xingyi
355国道 China National Highway 355 Fuzhou Bama
356国道 China National Highway 356 Meizhou Xichang
357国道 China National Highway 357 Dongshan Lushui
358国道 China National Highway 358 Shishi Shuikou
359国道 China National Highway 359 Foshan Funing
360国道 China National Highway 360 Wenchang Lingao
361国道 China National Highway 361 Lingshui Changjiang

500 Series

Number Name English Name Startpoint Final Startpoint Endpoint Final Endpoint Current Length Notes
501国道 China National Highway 501 Jixian Dangbizhen
502国道 China National Highway 502 Kedong Qiqihar
503国道 China National Highway 503 Wuchang Tongyu
504国道 China National Highway 504 Fusong Gongzhuling
505国道 China National Highway 505 Kaiyuan Naiman
506国道 China National Highway 506 Ji'an Benxi
507国道 China National Highway 507 Changhai Changxing Island
508国道 China National Highway 508 Chifeng Caofeidian
509国道 China National Highway 509 Jingtang Tongzhou
510国道 China National Highway 510 Weichang Chahar Right Back Banner
511国道 China National Highway 511 Sonid Right Banner Zhangbei
512国道 China National Highway 512 Wanquan Dalad
513国道 China National Highway 513 Linyi Dezhou
514国道 China National Highway 514 Qihe Handan
515国道 China National Highway 515 Dingzhou Xun
516国道 China National Highway 516 Zhanhua Qingzhou
517国道 China National Highway 517 Changdao Laixi
518国道 China National Highway 518 Rizhao Dingtao
519国道 China National Highway 519 Yushe Lucheng
520国道 China National Highway 520 Linfen Yan'an
521国道 China National Highway 521 Yuncheng Tongguan
522国道 China National Highway 522 Yuanqu Tongguan
523国道 China National Highway 523 Taizhou Danyang
524国道 China National Highway 524 Changshu Haining
525国道 China National Highway 525 Pinghu Hangzhou
526国道 China National Highway 526 Shengsi Connecting Road
527国道 China National Highway 527 Xiangshan Yiwu
528国道 China National Highway 528 Longyou Guangchang
529国道 China National Highway 529 Jinzhai Yuexi
530国道 China National Highway 530 Huangshan Hukou
531国道 China National Highway 531 Duchang Connecting Road
532国道 China National Highway 532 Jiujiang De'an
533国道 China National Highway 533 Zhangshu Fenyi
534国道 China National Highway 534 Fuqing Changting
535国道 China National Highway 535 Dingnan Yizhang
536国道 China National Highway 536 Taojiang Xupu
537国道 China National Highway 537 Ningyuan Lianzhou
538国道 China National Highway 538 Jiangyong Zhongshan
539国道 China National Highway 539 Jiedong Nan'ao
540国道 China National Highway 540 Mao Yang Jiusuo
541国道 China National Highway 541 Shiquan Wuxi
542国道 China National Highway 542 Guangyuan Wanzhou
543国道 China National Highway 543 Qingchuan Pingwu
544国道 China National Highway 544 Jiuzhaigou Chuanzhusi
545国道 China National Highway 545 Mao Deyang
546国道 China National Highway 546 Naxi Xishui
547国道 China National Highway 547 Yibin Xingwen
548国道 China National Highway 548 Banma Sêrtar
549国道 China National Highway 549 Shimian Dêrong
550国道 China National Highway 550 Yuexi Mianning
551国道 China National Highway 551 Zhenyuan Fuquan
552国道 China National Highway 552 Libo Anlong
553国道 China National Highway 553 Mengzi Yuanjiang
554国道 China National Highway 554 Yongsheng Xiangyun
555国道 China National Highway 555 Shidian Connecting Road
556国道 China National Highway 556 Zhen'an Ruili
557国道 China National Highway 557 Gonjo Connecting Road
558国道 China National Highway 558 Biru Banbar
559国道 China National Highway 559 Zayü Mêdog
560国道 China National Highway 560 Mainling Cona
561国道 China National Highway 561 Damxung Lhasa
562国道 China National Highway 562 Baingoin Yadong
563国道 China National Highway 563 Sa'gya Connecting Road
564国道 China National Highway 564 Burang Connecting Road
565国道 China National Highway 565 Zanda Connecting Road
566国道 China National Highway 566 Xiji Tianshui
567国道 China National Highway 567 Li Kang
568国道 China National Highway 568 Lanzhou Luqu
569国道 China National Highway 569 Mandela Sumu Datong
570国道 China National Highway 570 Yongchang Connecting Road
571国道 China National Highway 571 Subei Connecting Road
572国道 China National Highway 572 Guinan Ulan
573国道 China National Highway 573 Zêkog Xinghai
574国道 China National Highway 574 Chindu Connecting Road
575国道 China National Highway 575 Laoyemiao Hami
576国道 China National Highway 576 Beitun Shihezi
577国道 China National Highway 577 Jinghe Zhaosu
578国道 China National Highway 578 Xinyuan Nilka
579国道 China National Highway 579 Baicheng Connecting Road
580国道 China National Highway 580 Aksu Kangxiwa
581国道 China National Highway 581 Kashgar Erkeshtam

See also

References

  1. ^ China's Highroad to Highway Success
  2. ^ http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/jiaotongxinwen/xinwenredian/201306xinwen/201306/t20130621_1436456.html
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