2014 Indian general election: Difference between revisions
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
No edit summary |
||
Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
| seats1 = BJP: 282<ref name=ecir14/><ref name=pibgoi>[http://www.pib.gov.in/elections2014/ Final Results 2014 General Elections] Press Information Bureau, Government of India</ref><br />NDA: 336 |
| seats1 = BJP: 282<ref name=ecir14/><ref name=pibgoi>[http://www.pib.gov.in/elections2014/ Final Results 2014 General Elections] Press Information Bureau, Government of India</ref><br />NDA: 336 |
||
| seat_change1 = {{gain}}166 |
| seat_change1 = {{gain}}166 |
||
| popular_vote1 = |
| popular_vote1 = 171,657,549 |
||
| percentage1 = 31.0%<ref name=ecir14/><br /> NDA: 39%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/BJPs-31-lowest-vote-share-of-any-party-to-win-majority/articleshow/35315930.cms|title=BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority NDA 38.5}}</ref> |
| percentage1 = 31.0%<ref name=ecir14/><br /> NDA: 39%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/BJPs-31-lowest-vote-share-of-any-party-to-win-majority/articleshow/35315930.cms|title=BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority NDA 38.5}}</ref> |
||
| swing1 = {{increase}}14.37% |
| swing1 = {{increase}}14.37% |
||
Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
| seats2 = INC: 44<ref name=ecir14/><br />UPA: 60<ref name=pibgoi/> |
| seats2 = INC: 44<ref name=ecir14/><br />UPA: 60<ref name=pibgoi/> |
||
| seat_change2 = {{loss}}162 |
| seat_change2 = {{loss}}162 |
||
| popular_vote2 = |
| popular_vote2 = 106,938,242 |
||
| percentage2 = 19.3%<ref name=ecir14/> <br /> UPA: 21% |
| percentage2 = 19.3%<ref name=ecir14/> <br /> UPA: 21% |
||
| swing2 = {{decrease}}16.22% |
| swing2 = {{decrease}}16.22% |
Revision as of 11:56, 2 November 2015
![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
543 seats in the Lok Sabha 272 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 66.38% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The Indian general election of 2014 was held to constitute the 16th Lok Sabha, electing members of parliament for all 543 parliamentary constituencies of India. Running in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014, it was the longest election in the country's history.[4][5] According to the Election Commission of India, 814.5 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 100 million voters since the last general election in 2009,[6] making it the largest-ever election in the world.[7] Around 23.1 million or 2.7% of the total eligible voters were aged 18–19 years.[8] A total of 8,251 candidates contested for the 543 Lok Sabha seats.[9] The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66.38%, the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections.[9]
The results were declared on 16 May, fifteen days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014.[10] The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centres.[9] The National Democratic Alliance won a sweeping victory, taking 336 seats. The BJP itself won 31.0% of all votes and 282 (51.9%) of all seats, while NDA's combined vote share was 38.5% .[11] It is the first time since the 1984 Indian general elections that a party has won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties.[12] The United Progressive Alliance, led by the Indian National Congress, won 58 seats,[2] 44 (8.1%) of which were won by the Congress, that won 19.3% of all votes.[1][13] It was the Congress party's worst defeat in a general election.[14][15] BJP and its allies won the right to form the largest majority government since the 1984 general election.[16]
Background
By requirement, elections to the Lok Sabha must be held at an interval of five years or whenever parliament is dissolved by the president. The previous election, to the 15th Lok Sabha, was conducted in April–May 2009, and its term would have naturally expired on 31 May 2014. The election to the 16th Lok Sabha was organised and conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) and was held in multiple phases, to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns.
Since the last general election in 2009, the anti-corruption movement by Anna Hazare, and other similar moves by Baba Ramdev and Arvind Kejriwal (founder of Aam Aadmi Party), gathered momentum and political interest.[17] Kejriwal went on to form a separate political party, Aam Aadmi Party, in November 2012. The 2012 presidential election resulted in Pranab Mukherjee of Indian National Congress becoming the president. Andhra politics was further shaken following the death of its chief minister, Y. S. R. Reddy. His son, Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, then broke from the INC and founded the YSR Congress, taking several politicians with him.
The final session of parliament started on 6 February and ended on 21 February. Amongst the agenda in the final session was passing the The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill, 2013 in tackling corruption and the creation of Telangana.[18]
Organisation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Election_dates_of_Indian_general_election%2C_2014.png/280px-Election_dates_of_Indian_general_election%2C_2014.png)
Spending limit
The Cabinet of India revised the limit of election expenditure by a candidate for parliamentary constituencies to ₹7 million (US$84,000) in bigger states and to ₹5.4 million (US$65,000) in smaller states and all union territories except Delhi.[19] This revision of the ceiling on election expenditure was attributed to the increase in the number of electors and polling stations as well as the increase in the cost inflation index.
Accessibility
Satendra Singh, a doctor with a disability,[20] showed the lack of preparedness by the Election Commission of India (ECI) towards electors with disabilities through the Right to Information Act.[21] The Chief Electoral Officer in Delhi, Vijay Dev then started a campaign on providing accessibility for the disabled, along with him. Singh conducted sensitisation workshops for election officers and helped in setting up a registration link for voters with disabilities to register to vote and provide their requirements.[22]
Election dates
The Chief Election Commissioner of India (CEC), V. S. Sampath, announced the polling schedule on 5 March. Voting was scheduled to be held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May, and the results of the election were announced on 16 May.[23][24] Simultaneous elections were held for the Vidhan Sabhas of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim.[25]
Campaign
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Narendra_Modi_addressing_Vijay_Shankhnad_Rally_in_Meerut.jpg/300px-Narendra_Modi_addressing_Vijay_Shankhnad_Rally_in_Meerut.jpg)
Issues
Important issues during the campaign included high inflation, lack of jobs, economic slow down, corruption, security and terrorism, religious division and communalism, and infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water.[26][27][28] In another survey by Zee News for about 14% of people, corruption is the main issue in the election.[29]
Economy
Bloomberg highlighted India's slowing economy amidst a record high current account deficit and a falling rupee in summer 2013. It pointed out a lack of infrastructure investment and a government increasingly likely to give subsidies that the national finances cannot afford just before the election. Other points it mentioned were stagnant policymaking and an inefficient bureaucracy.[30] The economy was the main issue in the campaign.[31] The lack of a clear mandate as a result of the election could lead to an increase in the price of gold in the country.[32][33] Modi also brought up the issue of farmer suicides that resulted from high debt and poor yield on their crops.[34] Former Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha criticised the incumbent Chidambaram in saying that he had a "habit that he will get a strong economy, and he will ruin it before he leaves... Shri Chidambaram will be remembered in history as a spoiler, as someone who specialises in sub-five per cent growth rate, for his hubris, arrogance".[35]
Corruption
During the UPA 2, a number of scams came to public attention, deteriorating the image of the government among the common man. These scams included coal scam, 2G scam and CWG scam.
Price rise
The price of onions, a staple in Indian cuisine, faced a dramatic increase.[36] In the lead up to the election, consumer price inflation increased more than expected while, paradoxically, industrial production fell by more than expected causing a dilemma amid slowing growth.[37] The price of salt was also indicative of general food inflation.[38]
Celebrity candidates
Celebrity candidates from non-political spheres were nominated in the election. These included: Babul Supriyo (BJP), Innocent Vincent (LDF-IND), Nagma (actress) (INC), Bhaichung Bhutia (TMC), Bappi Lahiri (BJP), Biswajit Chatterjee (TMC), Dev (TMC), Gul Panag (AAP), Indranil Sen (TMC), Jaaved Jaaferi (AAP), Kamaal Rashid Khan (SP), Kirron Kher (BJP), Mahesh Manjrekar (MNS), Mohammad Kaif (INC), Moon Moon Sen (TMC), Nandan Nilekani (INC), P. C. Sorcar, Jr. (BJP), Paresh Rawal (BJP), Prakash Jha (JD(U)), Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (BJP), Rakhi Sawant (RAP), Ravi Kishan (INC), Hema Malini (BJP), Shatrughan Sinha (BJP), Vinod Khanna (BJP), Bhagwant Mann (AAP), Raj Babbar (INC), Manoj Tiwari (BJP), Jaya Prada (RLD), Vijay Kumar Singh (BJP) and Smriti Irani (BJP).[39][40][41][42]
Parties and alliances
National Democratic Alliance
The constituents of the National Democratic Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table: The NDA garnered an overwhelming number of 343 seats in this election. This has propelled it to form the government in the country. [43][44][45][46][47]
Party | Seats contested | Seats won |
---|---|---|
Bharatiya Janata Party | 427 | 282 |
Shiv Sena | 20 | 18 |
Telugu Desam Party | 30 | 16 |
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam | 14 | 0 |
Shiromani Akali Dal | 10 | 4 |
Pattali Makkal Katchi | 8 | 1 |
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 7 | 0 |
Lok Janshakti Party | 7 | 6 |
Rashtriya Lok Samata Party | 3 | 3 |
Apna Dal | 2 | 2 |
Haryana Janhit Congress | 2 | 0 |
Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party | 5 | 3 |
Swabhimani Paksha | 2 | 1 |
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | 1 | 0 |
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | 1 | 0 |
All India N.R. Congress | 1 | 1 |
Republican Party of India (Athvale) | 1 | 0 |
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha | 1 | 0 |
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik) | 1 | 0 |
Kerala Congress (Nationalist) | 1 | 0 |
National People's Party (India) | 1 | 1 |
Naga People's Front | 1 | 1 |
Mizo National Front | 1 | 0 |
National Democratic Alliance | 542 | 336 |
Bharatiya Janata Party
- Organisation
Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi was chosen to lead the Bharatiya Janata Party's campaign after a party conclave in Goa.[48][49] This came amid controversy as Lal Krishna Advani opposed the decision and resigned from his party posts, only to later rescind his resignation.[50] Murli Manohar Joshi and Sushma Swaraj were part of the team for the campaign. Rajnath Singh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani were the mentors for the BJP's campaign.[51] A 12-member committee, led by Modi, was appointed at the Goa conclave which included M. Venkaiah Naidu, Nitin Gadkari, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh and Goa Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar.[51]
- Key Leader's Constituencies
Modi contested the election from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh[52] and Vadodara in Gujarat.[53] In Varanasi, the sizeable Muslim minority population was viewed by the media as an important voter target and the BJP's minority cell leader Salim Mohommad took part in campaigning.[54] Advani wanted to contest from Bhopal but later agreed to contest again from his incumbent seat Gandhinagar.[55] He also rejected a proposal to be appointed to the Rajya Sabha in favour of running in the election.[56] Advani was given the Gandhinagar seat because Modi wanted him to contest from Gujarat, according to Rajnath Singh.[57] Arun Jaitley contested for the Lok Sabha for the first time (having previously been a Rajya Sabha member)[58] from Amritsar against former Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh.[59] The move was controversial as incumbent MP from Amritsar Navjot Singh Sidhu was unhappy in not being allocated the constituency. Yet he said that as Jaitley was his "guru" he would accept the decision, but would not run from any other constituency. The reason for not allocating the ticket to Sidhu was said to be because of his spat with the Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal and party President Sukhbir Singh Badal, as well as other BJP personnel.[60] Jaswant Singh was denied nomination from Barmer constituency so he decided instead to contest the seat as an independent.[61] BJP candidate S. Gurumurthy's nomination was rejected from Niligiris for failing to submit mandatory forms.[62][63][64][65][66][67]
- Campaign and Issues
The BJP released its manifesto on 7 April 2014. The party promised to set up a Price Stabilization Fund and to evolve a single 'National Agriculture Market' to check price rise and go for e-Governance, policy-driven governance and simplification of the tax regime to prevent corruption. It wanted to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, focus on traditional employment bases of agriculture, the upgrade of infrastructure and housing and self-employment opportunities for job creation. Harnessing satellite technology; setting up National Optical-Fibre Network up to the village level; Diamond Quadrilateral project – of High Speed Train network were among several other things that the party promised.[68] The Himachal Pradesh BJP attacked the UPA's "one rank, one pension" scheme as an "election stunt," according to the convenor of the BJP's ex-servicemen cell, Brigadier (Retired) Lal Chand Jaswal. The move followed the BJP raising the issue in the previous years and Modi's announcement at an ex-servicemen's rally at Rewari on 15 September 2013 and at Sujanpur on 17 February.[69] Modi also criticised the INC and Rahul Gandhi for giving a ticket to former Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan despite his indictment in the Adarsh Housing Society scam in Mumbai.[70] He further criticised Gandhi's comments about his governance of Gujarat at rally in Bijapur.[71] At a rally in Gurgaon, Haryana, part of the wider National Capital Region, Modi said: "People gave ruling Congress 60 years, I just need 60 months to prove that the BJP is the best option for India" and alleged that the INC was protecting Robert Vadra, the son-in-law of Sonia Gandhi, after he was said to have "sold farmers land" and made money. "Robert Vadra's empty bank account was credited with $8.30m (Rs 500 million) in just three months. BJP want answers".[72] He also criticised the INC's Nandan Nilekani as he had "squandered crores of rupees in giving a unique identity (Aadhaar) to millions of people, which even the Supreme Court questioned, as it did not address the security concerns".[73]
Amongst the social media, individuals came up with satirical takes on sports, movies (in Hindi and English) and songs, amongst other things, in support of the BJP campaign slogan that were premised on "Aab ki baar, Modi sarkar" ([This time, [we will have a] Modi government]).[74] Modi was noted for focusing, in his rallies across the country, on the 23 million first-time come-of-age voters.[75] By the last day of campaigning on 10 May, Narendra Modi had undertaken the largest mass outreach in India's electoral history by travelling about 300,000 km for 437 public meetings in 25 states and 1350 innovative 3D rallies according to the BJP.[76]
In regards to foreign relations of India, Modi in a rally in Arunachal Pradesh, a state which borders China with a history of border disputes, swore to protect the country[77] and criticised "Chinese expansionism".[78] He also highlighted the importance of diplomats discussing issues like trade facilitation and promoting Indian business abroad.[79]
Others
- Lok Janshakti Party
Lok Janshakti Party leader Ram Vilas Paswan announced on 30 January that the LJP, RJD and INC will jointly contest the election from Bihar's constituencies.[80] He later announced on 27 February that he will instead join the NDA. LJP contested polls with the BJP and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) on 40 seats with 30 seats for BJP, three seats for RLSP and seven seats for LJP. LJP and RLSp won all the seats allotted to them with BJP winning 22 seats. The election was seen by many BJP leaders as a show of strength after fallout with JD (U). After the election results, Nitish Kumar was forced to resign from the post of Chief Minister after being marginalized to just 2 seats.[81]
- Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), led by Tamil film actor Vijayakanth joined the NDA on 26 February.[82]
- Lok Satta Party
On 10 April, while campaigning in Telangana, Jayaprakash Narayan of the Lok Satta Party stated that while his party had a few differences of opinion with the BJP manifesto, they had decided to support the NDA in the "national interest".[83] On the other hand, Dr. Jayaprakash Narayan contested from the Malkajgiri. Malkajgiri had 2,953,915 eligible voters in the election making it the largest parliamentary constituency of the country in terms of number of voters.[84]
- Shiv Sena, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
The Swabhimani Paksha (SWP) a political party of Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana (SSS) joined the Shiv Sena-BJP-Republican Party of India (Athvale) alliance in February. The SSS, which represents the interests of farmers in western Maharashtra was offered two seats – Madha in Solapur, where NCP leader Sharad Pawar sits, and Hathkanangale, the seat of SSS leader Raju Shetti. Shetti also sought Baramati but this was rejected by the Shiv Sena and BJP, who decided to leave a seat each from their quotas of 22 and 26 to accommodate SSS.[85] Rashtriya Samaj Paksha also joined the alliance in January.[86] In addition to the aforementioned four parties that were contesting from Maharashtra, RSP was also in the alliance.[87]
- Shiromani Akali Dal
Shiromani Akali Dal contested 10 out of 13 seats in Punjab, India.
United Progressive Alliance
The constituents of the United Progressive Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table: This election turned out to be an unprecedented disaster for the UPA as they garnered the lowest number of seats in their history.
Party | Seats Contested | Seats Won |
---|---|---|
Indian National Congress[88] | 462 | 44 |
Rashtriya Janata Dal[89][90] | 27 | 3 |
Nationalist Congress Party[91][92] | 27 | 9 |
Rashtriya Lok Dal[93] | 8 | 0 |
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha[94][95] | 4 | 2 |
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference[96] | 3 | 0 |
Mahan Dal[93] | 3 | 0 |
Indian Union Muslim League[97] | 2 | 2 |
Socialist Janata[97] | 1 | 0 |
Kerala Congress[97] | 1 | 1 |
Revolutionary Socialist Party[97] | 1 | 1 |
Bodoland People's Front[98] | 1 | 0 |
United Progressive Alliance | 537 | 60 |
In March, the INC, RJD and NCP announced that they would jointly contest in Bihar.[99] The INC contested 12 seats, NCP fought on 1 seat and the RJD, being a regional party, would seek the rest of 27 seats.
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress had announced, on the fourth anniversary of the second United Progressive Alliance government, that its campaign for the election would be led by incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi and general secretary Rahul Gandhi.[100] Rahul Gandhi was appointed to head a six-member committee to formulate and implement alliances, the party manifesto and general publicity for the election.[101]
In response to sagging opinion poll numbers for the general election, the INC sought to fast-track a decision on separating Telangana from Andhra Pradesh, create a coalition government with the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and the Rashtriya Janata Dal in Jharkhand, sought to take credit for the Food Security Bill and passing Land Acquisition Bill.[102]
- Prime Minister Candidate
Incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get a majority or plurality.[103] Rahul Gandhi told Dainik Bhaskar that he was "ready to take charge" of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that: "My focus for India is a long term vision, where all Indians are treated with equality, respect and are given equal opportunities."[104] At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into a presidential one. This was criticised by the BJP. Gandhi would instead lead the party's campaign.[105] He also called the election a turning point.[106] Sonia Gandhi then said that the party will face upcoming challenges and the election with a "lot of determination;" she added that the election would be a battle for India. "Divisive forces are stretching social fabric to breaking point. Opposition's way is to spread disharmony. There's a face hidden behind the mask of compassion."[107]
- Rahul Gandhi
In January, in an interview with Arnab Goswami, Gandhi admitted that some Congress members may have been involved in the 1984 riots and further stated that Modi's government was responsible for pushing the 2002 riots while the Congress government in 1984 tried to stop the anti Sikh riots.[108] Fellow UPA member, Praful Patel said that the 2002 matter should be put to rest.[109] As Gandhi was reported to have sought an early declaration of the party's candidates, the INC was scheduled to hold its first meeting of the central election committee on 13 February to finalise all their candidates by the end of the month. Similarly, the screening committees for several unnamed part of the country had already occurred so as to shortlist the candidates.[110] On 8 March, its list of 194 candidates was announced, including 35% of candidates that were below the age of 50 years.[111] The INC was reported to be concerned by the possibility of a reduced mandate in Gandhi's seat of Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency) amidst an unusual challenge by his high-profile competitor, the BJP's Smriti Irani. It even led to his mother, Sonia, campaigning there for the first time in 10 years.[112]
- Opinion Polls
The INC dismissed the opinion polls pointing to a NDA plurality as misleading and partisan.[113] In its manifesto the party promised "inclusive growth" and that it would initiate a raft of welfare schemes, including a right to healthcare for all and pensions for the aged and disabled.[114] Manmohan Singh, Sonia and Rahul Gandhi's INC campaigning included scheduled stops in Odisha[115] and, on 20 April, in Maharashtra prior to the third phase.[116] Rahul Gandhi told a rally in Chhattisgarh that Modi would "divide the nation into pieces, and make people fight against each other."[117]
- Media
During the election, former prime ministerial aide Sanjaya Baru published "The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh" in which he criticised Singh as not being fully in charge of his government in having to compete with the dynastic INC leader, Sonia Gandhi, for influence within his own cabinet. Singh's office retorted in saying it is "smacks of fiction and coloured views of a former adviser."[118] After Baru said "it is no secret that Sonia Gandhi was the super prime minister," Priyanka Vadra replied "I think Manmohan Singh ji is the super PM."[119]
Others
- National Conference
Minister for New and Renewable Energy and National Conference chairman Farooq Abdullah, controversially, told a rally in Srinagar that in regards to Modi becoming prime minister "if it happens then Kashmir will not remain a part of India. I say it publicly. Kashmiris will not accept a communal person". He added before going to a scheduled rally in Magam that "those who vote for Modi should drown themselves in sea".[120]
- Nationalist Congress Party
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) was in alliance with the INC in the states of Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.[90][121][122]
- Rashtriya Janata Dal
Rashtriya Janata Dal leader Lalu Prasad Yadav said of the BJP's ruling chances that "Modi and Advani can never become the prime minister in their lifetime. Secular forces in this country would never allow the saffron outfit to come to power". In relation to the INC's Rahul Gandhi he said that Gandhi wants to bring change to the country; he added in relation to Digvijay Singh that he was a "good man".[123]
- Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) contested polls in alliance with INC and RJD in Jharkhand.[124] JMM and INC contested in four and ten seats each, respectively. JMM leader Shibu Soren will run from Dumka, while the other three party's seats could come from Rajmahal, Giridih and the purpose-built city of Jamshedpur.[125]
Left Front
- Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) declared their campaign slogan as "Reject Congress, Defeat BJP."[126] On 3 April, the party published its fourth list of candidates for a total of 94 candidates.[127]
In West Bengal, CPI (M) contested as part of the Left Front. 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates in West Bengal came from the CPI (M), while 20 of its candidates were running for the first time.[128] In Kerala, the CPI (M) contested as a constituent of the Left Democratic Front. In the list of the 15 CPI (M) candidates in Kerala released in mid-March, four were incumbent Lok Sabha members and five others were independents.[clarification needed][129][130] The Kollam seat was allocated to M.A. Baby after the RSP left the LDF and joined the United Democratic Front.[131]
In Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu, the CPI (M) made an electoral pact with the CPI and other left parties.[which?][132][133][134][135][136][137][138] In Andhra Pradesh, however, no agreement could be reached between the CPI (M) and the CPI due to differences on the Telangana issue; CPI (M) opposed bifurcation, while the CPI supported creating Telangana.[139] In Telangana region, CPI contested one seat (in alliance with Indian National Congress[140]), while CPI (M) contested two seats.
Other parties
- Aam Aadmi Party
The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), formed in 2012, contested 432 seats and won 4 seats.[141] The party's manifesto focused on anti-corruption measures.[142] Earlier in 2013, the party had made an impressive electoral debut by winning the second highest number of seats in the Delhi Legisltive Assembly elections. After forming a short-lived minority government in Delhi, AAP was seen as a major challenger to the other political parties.[143] However, the party lost deposits on 413 seats,[141] surpassing the record of Doordarshi Party, which had lost deposit on 321 seats in 1991.[144] AAP's leader Arvind Kejriwal unsuccessfully contested against the BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi from Varanasi.[145] Its spokesperson Prashant Bhushan argued that AAP's national debut performance was better than that of the winning party BJP in its first national elections in 1984.[146]
- All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu on its own.[147] Party leader Jayalalithaa told a rally in March that she would modernise the armed forces by enhancing their capabilities so that they were on par with the superpowers. In saying so she criticised the UPA's governance including its economic, diplomatic and defence policies, adding that modernisation of the armed forces was hindered by steady curtailing of its funding.[148] AIADMK managed to win 37 out of a total of 39 parliamentary constituencies in the state of Tamil Nadu.
- All India Forward Bloc
On 21 March, the All India Forward Bloc released its first list of candidates that covered 38 seats in West Bengal, Maharashtra, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Odisha, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Delhi. According to the party's Secretary Debabrata Biswas the main objective of the party was "to strengthen and unite the Left, democratic and secular forces to achieve an alternative policy for reconstruction of the country."[149][150] In West Bengal the party will contest the election as part of the Left Front.[128] To defend the two West Bengal seats that it won in 2009, the party decided to field incumbent MP Narahari Mahato in the Purulia seat and a new candidate in the Cooch Behar seat.[149]
- Bahujan Samaj Party
On 19 March, Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) leader Mayawati declared that the party would contest the election on its own and fielded candidates in all 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh. Mayawati was confident that the BSP would seek a mandate to form a government with support of secular parties.[151] Though the party was able to secure the third highest vote share it didn't manage to win a single seat in Uttar Pradesh and the country.
- Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
At a press conference held on 10 March, General Secretary of the party Dipankar Bhattacharya said his party would field 85 candidates in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand and Puducherry.[152]
- Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) opted not to join an UPA pre-poll alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu with its own regional alliance. Party leader Karunanidhi announced Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA) with local parties like VCK, MMK, IUML and Puthiya Tamizhagam. DMK was not able to secure even a single seat throughout the country.
- Janata Dal (United)
The media speculated that Modi still had a chance of gaining in Bihar at the expense of Nitish Kumar's Janata Dal. Whilst the BJP were in coalition with JD(U), Modi was not allowed to speak at rallies in the party by mutual understanding and was only allowed for special events such as a funeral or party conclave, even Modi's flood relief aid to Bihar was termed communal. Bihar was seen as test case for Modi's popularity if the BJP could increase its tally at the expense of the JD(U). There was also speculation that Lalu Prasad Yadav could make a relative comeback after the 2010 provincial election if he is not convicted over the fodder scam. It also suggested that this would be an eager race as it could determine if Kumar's decision to leave the NDA in June 2013 was prudent and if he has any national political scope left; while for Modi it would give crucial seats to the BJP and be able to attract potential allies as Bihar is largely based on caste politics.[153][154] In January 2014, Kumar referred to Gandhi's stand against corruption as a "farce" after hearing of a meeting between Gandhi and RJD chief Lalu Prasad Yadav despite Yadav being out on bail, after being convicted in the fodder scam. He termed their alliance as "natural" and stated that them coming together was no surprise.[155]
- Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
The Raj Thackeray-led Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) announced its first list of seven candidates. Six of them contested against candidates of Shiv Sena. The party, however, also supported Modi's prime ministerial candidature. The move read as an implicit acceptance of the BJP's Nitin Gadkari's call not to contest against the NDA and to support its own candidates.[156]
- Nav Bharat Democratic Party
Nav Bharat Democratic stepped into the political arena with 9 candidates spread across Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. The party was established by RK Misra.[157]
- Samajwadi Party
Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav claimed that the Third Front government will be formed in the center with the help of his party.[158] To counter the "Modi-effect" on other constituencies near Varanasi, Yadav decided to contest from Azamgarh and Mainpuri.[159] The party decided not to field any candidates against the INC's Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi from Rai Bariely and Amethi, respectively, in response to the INC's decision not to field any candidates against Mulayam Singh Yadav and Dimple Yadav from Mainpuri and Kannauj, respectively.[160]
- Sikkim Democratic Front
On 10 March, the Sikkim Democratic Front declared that its incumbent MP, Prem Das Rai, would run for re-election. The party also released a list of 32 candidates for the Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2014 that will be held simultaneously with the election.[161]
- Trinamool Congress
All-India Trinamool Congress leader Mamata Banerjee declared that the party would contest all 42 seats in West Bengal by itself, making this the first occurrence of the party contesting a general election in West Bengal without an alliance with either of the two largest parties, BJP and INC.[162] Banerjee told a rally in Cooch Behar district, near the international border with Bangladesh, that she would take up the issue of the border enclaves upon ascertaining the views of the local people living in the adversely possessed areas. She further noted that she had opposed the central government's agreement in 2011 over the Teesta treaty of water-sharing between the two countries on the grounds of receding waters affecting drinking water availability.[163]
- YSR Congress Party
Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy's YSR Congress Party fielded candidates across Andhra Pradesh(Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) and some districts of Telangana.[164] The party fielded several bureaucrats, businessmen and relatives of politicians for Lok Sabha seats in Andhra Pradesh(Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra), including D. Kishore Rao, the former secretary of the Gujarat Human Rights Commission.[165] In a statement in March, Reddy stated that he would ally himself with whoever would win the election.[164]
Third Front
Fourteen political parties including the Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India, Revolutionary Socialist Party, All India Forward Bloc,[166] AIADMK, Janata Dal, Samajwadi Party, Biju Janata Dal, Nationalist Congress Party, Janata Dal, Naga People's Front, Sikkim Democratic Front, Jharkhand Vikas Morcha and Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh participated in a convention of the parties not in alliance with the NDA nor UPA, which was held on 30 October 2013.[167] On 5 February 11 parties announced that they would work as one bloc on a "common agenda" in parliament. These included the CPI(M), CPI, RSP, AIFB, Samajwadi Party, JD(U), AIADMK, AGP, JVM, JD(S) and BJD.[168] However, there was speculation that the AGP and BJD were still in preparatory talks to re-join the NDA.[169] A consensus on a prime ministerial candidate, however, was not achieved.[170]
Though CPI (M) has sought to build what it terms a "secular and democratic alternative" to the INC and BJP, general secretary Prakash Karat discarded the notion that these moves would result in a Third Front electoral alliance.[171] He also suggested a possible Third Front would only emerge after the election.[172]
Opinion polls
Opinion polls generally showed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) to be the front runner in the election with the emergence of Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) as the single largest party.
Conducted in Month(s) | Source | Polling Organisation | bgcolor=Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color | | bgcolor=Template:United Progressive Alliance/meta/color | | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NDA | UPA | Other | |||
Jan 2014 | [173] | CNN-IBN-Lokniti-CSDS | 211 – 231 | 107–127 | 205 |
Feb 2014 | [174] | ABP News-Nielsen | 236 | 92 | 215 |
March 2014 | [175] | NDTV- Hansa Research | 230 | 128 | 185 |
April 2014 | [176] | NDTV- Hansa Research | 275 | 111 | 157 |
Exit polls
The Election Commission of India banned the publication of all exit polls starting 48 hours before Phase 1 of the election until the end of Phase 9. This was intended to prevent exit polls from earlier phases affecting voter decisions in later phases. The ban ended after the close of Phase 9 voting at 6:30pm IST on 12 May 2014.[177]
Publish Date | Source | Polling Organisation | bgcolor=Template:National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color | | bgcolor=Template:United Progressive Alliance/meta/color | | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NDA | UPA | Other | |||
12 May 2014 | [178] | CNN-IBN – CSDS – Lokniti | 276 (±6) | 97 (±5) | 148 (±23) |
[178][179] | India Today – Cicero | 272 (±11) | 115 (±5) | 156 (±6) | |
[178][180] | News 24 – Chanakya | 340 (±14) | 70 (±9) | 133 (±11) | |
[178] | Times Now – ORG | 249 | 148 | 146 | |
[178][181] | ABP News – Nielsen | 274 | 97 | 165 | |
[178] | India TV – CVoter | 289 | 101 | 148 | |
14 May 2014 | [182][183] | NDTV – Hansa Research | 279 | 103 | 161 |
12 May 2014 | [178] | Poll of Polls | 283 | 105 | 149 |
16 May 2014 | Actual Results[2] | 336 | 58 | 149 |
Controversies
During the course of the campaign, several controversies arose with parties being accused by one another and the Election Commission of India of violating Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct that is in force during the election.
In the run-up to the election the media in India was criticised for its establishment ties between family owners and political parties. It caused self-censorship and editorial dismissals at certain media outlets.[184]
India Today temporarily suspended its CVoter opinion poll in late February after a News Express sting operation suggesting Polling Agencies like Ipsos and CVoter fudged the numbers to show BJP candidate Narendra Modi in the lead. However, with the final results matching the Modi landslide projected by the polls; the unsubstantiated charges were proved to be politically motivated. The 2014 elections confirmed the accuracy of the Election Polling in India.[185]
Voting
According to the Election Commission of India, 814.5 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 100 million voters since the last general election in 2009,[6] making this the largest-ever election in the world.[7] Around 23.1 million or 2.7% of the total eligible voters were aged 18–19 years.[8]
In total there were 1.4 million electronic voting machines in 930,000 voting centres. The Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, was introduced in 8 constituencies of Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram as a pilot project.[186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] Also, Braille ballot sheets for the blind were arranged at polling stations. The scale of the election required 1.1 million of civil servants and 5.5 million civilian employees to handle the election. It was the first election that had the "none of the above" option and allowed Non-Resident Indians to vote; though only in India.[117] Security was increased during the election, particularly as the Communist Party of India (Maoist) (CPI (Maoist)) called for a boycott of the election.[194] On 12 April, even though there was no voting this day, a vehicle in Chhattisgarh hit a CPI (Maoist) landmine resulting in the deaths of two bus drivers and five election officials, with four more injured, while travelling from Kutru to Bijapur in preparation for the fifth phase of voting. On the same day, within an hour, they also ambushed a vehicle resulting in the deaths of five paramilitary soldiers in the Darbha forest.[195] The election was the longest and the most expensive general election in the history of the country, with the Election Commission of India estimating that the election did cost the exchequer ₹3500 crore (US$577 million), excluding the expenses incurred for security and by the individual political parties.[196] Parties were expected to spend ₹30,500 crore (US$5 billion) in the election, according to the Centre for Media Studies. This was three times the amount spent in the previous election in 2009, and was then the world's second highest after the US$7 billion spent on the 2012 US presidential election.[197]
The election reportedly boosted the hospitality sector as, according to ASSOCHAM, tourist arrivals from the countries such as the US, UK, France, Singapore and the U.A.E. have gone up by 10–15 percent, while the movement of domestic tourists jumped by 62%.[198]
Turnout
State/UT wise Voter Turnout Details
Based on data from Election Commission India[199]
State/UT | Male Electors | Male Voters | Male Turnout | Female Electors | Female Voters | Female Turnout | Total Electors | Total Voters | Total Turnout | Total Seats |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) | 142,782 | 101,178 | 70.86% | 126,578 | 89,150 | 70.43% | 269,360 | 190,328 | 70.66% | 1 |
Andhra Pradesh | 32,670,930 | 24,352,913 | 74.54% | 32,267,820 | 24,005,632 | 74.39% | 64,938,750 | 48,358,545 | 74.47% | 42 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 379,627 | 289,291 | 76.2% | 379,760 | 307,665 | 81.02% | 759,387 | 596,956 | 78.61% | 2 |
Assam | 9,787,209 | 7,876,763 | 80.48% | 9,098,065 | 7,209,120 | 79.24% | 18,885,274 | 15,085,883 | 79.88% | 14 |
Bihar | 34,092,938 | 18,779,230 | 55.08% | 29,668,858 | 17,106,136 | 57.66% | 63,761,796 | 35,885,366 | 56.28% | 40 |
Chandigarh (UT) | 333,621 | 244,956 | 73.42% | 281,593 | 208,499 | 74.04% | 615,214 | 453,455 | 73.71% | 1 |
Chhattisgarh | 8,915,783 | 6,320,693 | 70.89% | 8,707,266 | 5,934,886 | 68.16% | 17,623,049 | 12,255,579 | 69.54% | 11 |
Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) | 106,215 | 87,800 | 82.66% | 90,402 | 77,486 | 85.71% | 196,617 | 165,286 | 84.06% | 1 |
Daman & Diu (UT) | 57,011 | 42,378 | 74.33% | 54,816 | 44,855 | 81.83% | 111,827 | 87,233 | 78.01% | 1 |
Goa | 528,308 | 395,766 | 74.91% | 532,469 | 421,234 | 79.11% | 1,060,777 | 817,000 | 77.02% | 2 |
Gujarat | 21,229,092 | 14,259,115 | 67.17% | 19,374,012 | 11,564,888 | 59.69% | 40,603,104 | 25,824,003 | 63.6% | 26 |
Haryana | 8,716,612 | 6,351,584 | 72.87% | 7,381,137 | 5,143,566 | 69.69% | 16,097,749 | 11,495,150 | 71.41% | 10 |
Himachal Pradesh | 2,474,430 | 1,569,632 | 63.43% | 2,335,641 | 1,528,869 | 65.46% | 4,810,071 | 3,098,501 | 64.42% | 4 |
Jammu & Kashmir | 3,802,021 | 1,927,584 | 50.7% | 3,400,142 | 1,639,279 | 48.21% | 7,202,163 | 3,566,863 | 49.52% | 6 |
Jharkhand | 10,685,149 | 6,860,476 | 64.21% | 9,641,594 | 6,122,464 | 63.5% | 20,326,743 | 12,982,940 | 63.87% | 14 |
Karnataka | 23,586,223 | 16,165,832 | 68.54% | 22,625,886 | 14,873,056 | 65.73% | 46,212,109 | 31,038,888 | 67.17% | 28 |
Kerala | 11,734,258 | 8,678,185 | 73.96% | 12,592,391 | 9,297,708 | 73.84% | 24,326,649 | 17,975,893 | 73.89% | 20 |
Lakshadweep (UT) | 25,433 | 21,585 | 84.87% | 24,489 | 21,654 | 88.42% | 49,922 | 43,239 | 86.61% | 1 |
Madhya Pradesh | 25,309,830 | 16,734,556 | 66.12% | 22,808,210 | 12,905,240 | 56.58% | 48,118,040 | 29,639,796 | 61.6% | 29 |
Maharashtra | 42,743,156 | 26,714,578 | 62.5% | 37,974,127 | 22,004,266 | 57.95% | 80,717,283 | 48,718,844 | 60.36% | 48 |
Manipur | 871,431 | 685,427 | 78.66% | 902,894 | 727,210 | 80.54% | 1,774,325 | 1,412,637 | 79.62% | 2 |
Meghalaya | 777,639 | 524,774 | 67.48% | 789,602 | 553,284 | 70.07% | 1,567,241 | 1,078,058 | 68.79% | 2 |
Mizoram | 346,219 | 216,167 | 62.44% | 355,951 | 217,034 | 60.97% | 702,170 | 433,201 | 61.69% | 1 |
Nagaland | 600,490 | 529,325 | 88.15% | 582,458 | 509,585 | 87.49% | 1,182,948 | 1,038,910 | 87.82% | 1 |
NCT OF Delhi | 7,051,098 | 4,653,522 | 66.00% | 5,660,138 | 3,618,244 | 63.93% | 12,711,236 | 8,271,766 | 65.07% | 7 |
Orissa | 15,194,309 | 11,032,523 | 72.61% | 14,001,732 | 10,499,752 | 74.99% | 29,196,041 | 21,532,275 | 73.75% | 21 |
Puducherry (UT) | 432,048 | 351,360 | 81.32% | 469,309 | 388,657 | 82.81% | 901,357 | 740,017 | 82.1% | 1 |
Punjab | 10,327,116 | 7,262,625 | 70.33% | 9,280,892 | 6,582,507 | 70.93% | 19,608,008 | 13,845,132 | 70.61% | 13 |
Rajasthan | 22,638,323 | 14,627,976 | 64.62% | 20,331,124 | 12,482,068 | 61.39% | 42,969,447 | 27,110,044 | 63.09% | 25 |
Sikkim | 190,886 | 158,222 | 82.89% | 179,725 | 150,745 | 83.88% | 370,611 | 308,967 | 83.37% | 1 |
Tamil Nadu | 27,571,785 | 20,249,949 | 73.44% | 27,542,720 | 20,370,491 | 73.96% | 55,114,505 | 40,620,440 | 73.70% | 39 |
Tripura | 1,217,575 | 1,035,722 | 85.06% | 1,171,244 | 988,137 | 84.37% | 2,388,819 | 2,023,859 | 84.72% | 2 |
Uttar Pradesh | 76,071,444 | 44,979,619 | 59.13% | 62,894,376 | 36,112,683 | 57.42% | 138,965,820 | 81,092,302 | 58.35% | 80 |
Uttarakhand | 3,751,098 | 2,268,767 | 60.48% | 3,378,841 | 2,123,123 | 62.84% | 7,129,939 | 4,391,890 | 61.6% | 5 |
West Bengal | 32,689,449 | 26,886,706 | 82.25% | 30,143,679 | 24,735,849 | 82.06% | 62,833,128 | 51,622,555 | 82.16% | 42 |
India | 437,051,538 | 293,236,779 | 67.09% | 397,049,941 | 260,565,022 | 65.63% | 834,101,479 | 553,801,801 | 66.40% | 543 |
- Phase 1: 7 April
Turnout was 75% in Assam and 84% in Tripura.[200] Assam's INC Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi said that "there is no Narendra Modi magic in Assam. The Congress has been winning every form of elections since 2001 in Assam, and we are going to repeat the performance this time." Additionally, the borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan were closed for security reasons.[201]
- Phase 2: 9 and 11 April
The turnouts were recorded at 82.5% in Nagaland, 71% in Arunachal Pradesh, 66% in Meghalaya and 70% in Manipur.[202][203] Mizoram's voting was deferred to 11 April,[204] where the turnout was 60%.[205]
- Phase 3: 10 April
About 110 million of people were eligible to vote for 91 seats. The turnout was 76% in Kerala, 64% in Delhi, 55.98% in Madhya Pradesh, 54.13% in Maharashtra, 65% in Uttar Pradesh and 66.29% in Jammu.[194] Kerala and Chandigarh set new voter turnout records. A higher proportion of eligible electors voted in 2014 than in 2009.[206]
- Phase 4: 12 April
Voter turnout set new records or were near record levels with 75% in Goa, 75% in Assam, 81.8% in Tripura and 80.97%[207] in Sikkim (including the Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2014).[208] West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee nearly cancelled the polls in her region after initially refusing to changes to the appointments of civil service departments, but was forced to constitutionally do so.[209]
- Phase 5: 17 April
The largest voting day involved nearly 200 million eligible voters,[210] 1,769 candidates for 121 seat. The voting turnout in Uttar Pradesh was 62%, West Bengal was 80%, over 70% in Odisha, 69% in Jammu and Kashmir, 54% in Madhya Pradesh and 62% in Jharkhand.[211] Manipur had 74%[210] and Maharashtra had a 61.7% turnout.[212] In Karnataka, the average voting was up on 65% against 58% in the previous election, though urban voters were lower.[213][214] In Chhattisgarh, the voter turnout was 63.44% compared to 57.6% in 2009, while Rajasthan recorded a 63.25% voter turnout, compared to 48.09% in 2009.[215] In Bihar's seven constituencies, the turnout was 56%, compared to 39% in 2009.[216] In one of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Udhampur, the turnout of 70% was significantly higher than the 2009 figure of 45%.[217] Overall across India, the turnout on the day was over 65%[210] and nearly all constituencies had a higher voter turnout than 2009.[217]
- Phase 6: 24 April
The second largest voting day entailed 180 million eligible voters across 201,735 voting centres to elect 117 members of parliament from 2,098 candidates.[218] Tamil Nadu set a new voter turnout record for Lok Sabha elections with 73%, while West Bengal experienced the highest voter turnout for the day at 82%.[219] As compared to that, urban centres such as Mumbai and Chennai saw lower voter turnouts, but bettered their figures from previous years. Mumbai witnessed a 53% turnout, compared to 41% in 2009.[220] The rural areas of Maharashtra saw over 60% turnout, Madhya Pradesh had 64%, Uttar Pradesh had over 60%, Chhattisgarh had about 66%, Assam had over 70%,[221] Bihar has about 60%, Jharkhand had 63.4%, Rajasthan had about 60% and Pudhucherry had about 82%.[218][222] One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Anantnag, had the lowest turnout of 28%, after a boycott call by separatists,[223] an attack on 22 April that killed three people,[224] and with thousands of Kashmiri Pandits protesting in the afternoon that their names were missing from the electoral roll.[225] As with previous phases, the overall voter turnout for the day was higher than 2009.[226] In both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, the turnout was about 9% higher, while Uttar Pradesh saw a 13% increase.[218][221]
- Phase 7: 30 April
The 7th phase of voting entailed about 140 million eligible voters to elect 89 members of parliament from 1,295 candidates in 7 states and 2 Union Territories.[227] Punjab set a new record in its voter turnout for general elections with 73%.[228] Gujarat saw the highest jump in voter turnout for the day with 62% turnout compared to 48% turnout in 2009 Lok Sabha elections. The nine constituencies in West Bengal reported over 81% turnout.[229] Uttar Pradesh witnessed 57% turnout compared to 48% in 2009, while Bihar saw 60% compared to 52% in 2009.[227] One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, eligible to vote in this phase, had the lowest turnout for the day at 26% compared to 25.55% in 2009, after a boycott call by separatists.[230] Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, which will become India's new state on 2 June 2014, saw nearly 72% turnout to elect Lok Sabha members as well as its first state government.[229] The aggregate turnout so far in the first 7 phases for 438 parliamentary seats has been 66.20%, significantly more than 57.41% figure in 2009 general elections.[228]
- Phase 8: 7 May
The 8th phase saw voting for 64 Lok Sabha seats in 7 states with 897 candidates competing.[231] Along with the general elections, polls were also held for the first Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh excluding Telangana region.[232] The voter turnout was high, with West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh each setting their respective general election voter turnout records. West Bengal recorded 81% polling compared to 78% for 2009.[231] Andhra Pradesh recorded nearly 76% voter turnout.[233] Himachal Pradesh saw about 66% turnout compared to 58% for 2009.[234] Uttarakhand also set a new voter turnout record with 62% compared to 53% in 2009.[235] The 2 constituencies of Jammu & Kashmir that voted witnessed a 49.9% turnout,[231] while constituencies of Bihar saw 58% compared to 45% in 2009.[235] Uttar Pradesh experienced a 55.5% turnout compared to 43.4% in 2009.[236]
- Phase 9: 12 May
The 9th and last phase of voting entailed over 90 million eligible voters to elect 41 members of parliament from 606 candidates in 3 states.[237] The 6 seats in Bihar saw a voter turnout of 58%, compared to 46% in 2009.[237] Uttar Pradesh's 18 constituencies witnessed a 55.3% turnout, compared to 46.6% in 2009.[238] In West Bengal, the 17 constituencies that voted, saw a turnout of about 80% compared to 82% in 2009.[238]
The 2014 general elections, according to the Election Commission of India, recorded a cumulative total of 66.38% voter turnout, or 551.3 million out of 814 million eligible people casting their vote, according to provisional figures.[239] The 2014 turnout surpassed India's previous highest voter turnout record of 64% in 1984 general elections.[237][240] The voter turnout in 2009 general elections was 58.19%, while 2004 general elections saw a voter turnout of 56.98%.[240] The 2014 general elections entailed 8,202 candidates competing for 543 seats.[241]
Re-polls
Many locations required re-polling for various reasons. There was re-polling on 9 polling stations in Orissa on 25 April.[242][243] The Election Commission ordered re-polls in 52 polling booths (30 in Andhra Pradesh(A.P & Telangana), 11 in Uttar Pradesh and 11 in West Bengal) because of complaints of booth capturing, rigging, violence or as demanded by the locals. The re-poll was held on 13 May. In Uttar Pradesh, re-polls were held in 3 polling booths in Muzaffarnagar, 7 in Ferozabad and 1 in Badaun.[244][245] Re-polling also occurred on 14 May in Arunachal Pradesh and on 15 May in the states of Nagaland and Haryana.[246][247][248][249] The Left parties and BJP alleged mass rigging and booth capturing by Trinamool Congress at thousands of polling stations in West Bengal.[250][251][252][253] AAP demanded re-polling in 108 booths.[247][254]
Congress demanded re-polling at 1,344 polling stations in Nagaland.[255] Re-polling was done in two polling stations in Tamil Nadu on 10 May and in 3 polling stations in Andhra Pradesh(Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) on 13 May.[256][257][258][259] In Bihar, there was re-polling on 2 polling stations of Sitamarhi on 11 May and 3 polling stations in Muzaffarnagar went to re-polling on 13 May.[259][260][261][262] On 15 May, there was re-polling in one booth in Tamil Nadu, and at 5 booths in West Bengal, Bihar, Nagaland.[246][263][264][265][266][267][268][269] It was reported that not a single voter turned up for a re-poll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland on 15 May.[270][271] On 12 May, the Bombay High court declined to order supplementary polling for voters in Maharashtra whose names were missing from the electoral rolls. There were speculated to be as many as 100,000 voters missing from the electoral roll in Pune and as many as 200,000 missing from electoral roll in Mumbai.[272][273][274][275][276]
Voting pattern
The BJP secured 39% support from first time voters, while Congress received 19% of the first time votes.[8]
The NDA won 39 of 74 seats where Muslim voters make up between 21 to 95% of the total electorate. The BJP won all 16 seats in Uttar Pradesh. It also secured 5 out of 9 such seats in Bihar. Analyst Saeed Naqvi believes that Amit Shah managed to convince Dalits and OBC voters to elect the BJP as "Muslim appeasers in an atmosphere of perpetual communal tension".[277]
The BJP won all 26 seats in Gujarat, marking the first time a single party won all seats in the state. The previous record was held by the Congress which won 25 of the 26 seats in the 1984 general election.[278]
The assembly segment-wise result of Lok Sabha elections in Uttar Pradesh shows that the BJP was number one in 328 seats, while the ruling SP led in just 42. Congress was ahead in 15, BSP 9 and Apna Dal 9. In 2012, SP had formed government by winning 224 assembly seats. BSP had won 80, BJP 47, Congress 28 and Apna Dal one.[279]
Similarly, in Maharashtra BJP-Shiva Sena alliance has got a lead in 246 assembly segments out of the total 288.[280]
By securing seven of the 10 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, BJP remained ahead on 52 assembly segments in the state. Its ally HJC could not win any of the Lok Sabha seats it contested, but its candidates remained ahead in seven assembly segments. BJP contested 8 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, leaving two constituencies for its alliance partner HJC. BJP candidates remained ahead in all 27 assembly segments of Ambala, Karnal and Faridabad parliamentary constituencies. BJP won all seats except Rohtak where its candidate Om Prakash Dhankar lost to Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda's son and sitting MP Deepender Hooda.[281]
Results
336 | 58[2] | 149 |
BJP+NDA | INC+UPA | Others |
Party | BJP | INC | AIADMK | AITMC | BJD | SS | TDP | TRS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leader | Narendra Modi | Rahul Gandhi | Jayalalithaa | Mamata Banerjee | Naveen Patnaik | Uddhav Thackeray | N. Chandrababu Naidu | K. Chandrasekhar Rao |
![]() |
File:Rahul Gandhi 1.jpg | File:Jayalalithaa1.jpg | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
File:KCR-TRS-Chief.jpg | ||
Votes | 31.0%, 171,637,684 | 19.3%, 106,935,311 | 3.3%, 18,115,825 | 3.8%, 21,259,681 | 1.7%, 9,491,497 | 1.9%, 10,262,982 | 2.52% | 2.1% |
Seats | 282 (51.9%) | 44 (8.1%) | 37 (6.8%) | 34 (6.2%) | 20 (3.6%) | 18 (3.3%) | 16 (2.9%) | 11 (2.1%) |
282 / 543
|
44 / 543
|
37 / 543
|
34 / 543
|
20 / 543
|
18 / 543
|
16 / 543
|
11 / 543
|
Criminal background of winners
About one-third of all winners had at least one pending criminal case against them, with some having serious criminal cases.[282]
A candidate with criminal case(s) had 13% chance of winning the election, whereas a candidate with a clean record had only 5% chance of winning. (Here, chance of winning = No. of winners in the category/ Total no. of candidates in that category.)[283]
Financial background of winners
Out of the 542 members analysed, 443 (82%) have total assets of ₹1 crore (US$120,000) or more. In the 15th Lok Sabha, out of 521 members analysed, 300 (58%) members had assets of ₹1 crore (US$120,000) or more.[156]
The average assets per member are ₹14.7 crore (US$1.8 million) (in 2009, this figure was ₹5.35 crore (US$640,000)).
Results by state
(Please help expand this section with correct data) National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won the election. Its constituents were Bharatiya Janata Party, Akali Dal, Shiv Sena, Telugu Desam, et al. Constituents of United Progressive Alliance (UPA) were Congress, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Nationalist Congress Party (NCP of Sharad Pawar), Kerala Muslim League, et al.
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (1): BJP: 1
Andhra Pradesh (25): NDA (TDP:15 + BJP:2): 17, YSRC: 8
Arunachal Pradesh (2): INC: 1, BJP: 1
Assam (14): BJP: 7, INC: 3, AIDUF: 3, IND: 1
Bihar (40): NDA: 31 (BJP: 22, LJP: 6, RLSP: 3), UPA: 7 (RJD: 4, INC: 2, NCP:1) JD-U: 2
Chandigarh (1): BJP: 1
Chhattisgarh (11) BJP: 10, INC: 1
Delhi (7): BJP: 7
Goa (2): BJP:2
Gujarat (26) BJP: 26
Haryana (10): BJP: 7, INLD: 2, INC: 1
Himachal Pradesh (4): BJP: 4
Jammu & Kashmir (6): BJP: 3, People's Democratic Party (PDP): 3
Jharkhand (14): BJP: 12, JMM: 2
Karnataka (28): BJP: 17, INC: 9, JD(S): 2
Kerala (20) Congress 8, CPM: 5, IUML: 2, KC(M): 1, CPI: 1, RSP: 1, IND supported by left: 2
Madhya Pradesh (29): BJP: 27, INC: 2
Maharashtra (48): NDA:42 (BJP: 23, Shiv Sena: 18, SWP: 1) UPA:6 (INC: 2, NCP: 4)
Odisha (21): BJD: 20, BJP: 1
Punjab (13): NDA:6 (SAD: 4, BJP:2), AAP 4, INC: 3
Rajasthan (25): BJP: 25
Tamil Nadu (39): AIADMK: 37, NDA:2 (BJP: 1, PMK: 1)
Telangana (17): TRS: 11, AIMIM: 1, BJP:1, TDP: 1, INC: 2, YSRCP: 1
Uttar Pradesh (80): NDA: 73 ( BJP:71, AD: 2) SP: 5, INC: 2
Uttarakhand (5): BJP: 5
West Bengal (42): TMC: 34, INC: 4, BJP: 2, CPM: 2
Results by Alliance
National Democratic Alliance: 336. (BJP: 282, Shiv Sena: 18, Telugu Desam: 16, Akali Dal: 4, Paswan's Lok Janshakti Party: 6)
United Progressive Alliance: 60 (Congress: 44, Sharad Pawar's NCP: 6, Lalu Yadav's RJD: 4)
AIADMK: 37, Trinamool Congress: 34
Assembly Segment-Wise Lead Analysis
Based on the assembly segment wise data available from Election Commission India. The PDF link for the data http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/34%20-%20Details%20of%20Assembly%20segment%20of%20PC.pdf. Also, data available from www.Indiavotes.com has been used for cross checking.
State/UT | Parliament Seats | NDA | UPA | Others | Assembly Segments | NDA | UPA | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andhra Pradesh | 25 | BJP 2 TDP 15 | 0 | YSRCP 8 | 175 | BJP 4 TDP 102 | 0 | YSRCP 67 IND 2 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 2 | BJP 1 | INC 1 | --- | 60 | BJP 35 | INC 22 | PPA 3 |
Assam | 14 | BJP 7 | INC 3 | AIUDF 3, IND 1 | 126 | BJP 69 | INC 23 | AIUDF 24, IND 9, BOPF 1 |
Bihar | 40 | BJP 22 LJP 6 RLSP 3 | INC 2, RJD 4, NCP 1 | JDU 2 | 243 | BJP 121, LJP 34, RLSP 17 | INC 14, RJD 32, NCP 5 | JDU 18, CPI 1, BSP 1 |
Chhattisgarh | 11 | BJP 10 | INC 1 | --- | 90 | BJP 72 | INC 18 | --- |
Goa | 2 | BJP 2 | --- | --- | 40 | BJP 33 | INC 7 | --- |
Gujarat | 26 | BJP 26 | --- | --- | 182 | BJP 165 | INC 17 | --- |
Haryana | 10 | BJP 7 | INC 1 | INLD 2 | 90 | BJP 52, HJC 7 | INC 15 | INLD 16 |
Himachal Pradesh | 4 | BJP 4 | --- | --- | 68 | BJP 59 | INC 9 | --- |
Jammu & Kashmir | 6 | BJP 3 | --- | JKPDP 3 | 87 | BJP 25 | INC 12, JKNC 5 | JKPDP 41, JPC 1 IND 3 |
Jharkhand | 14 | BJP 12 | JMM 2 | --- | 81 | BJP 56 | INC 3 JMM 9 | JVM 4, CPI(ML)(L) 3, JBSP 3, JP 2, AJSUP 1 |
Karnataka | 28 | BJP 17 | INC 9 | JD(S) 2 | 224 | BJP 132 | INC 77 | JDS 15 |
Kerala | 20 | --- | INC 8, IUML 2, KC(M) 1, RSP 1 | CPI(M) 5, CPM(IND) 2, CPI 1 | 140 | BJP 4 | INC 57, KC(M) 7, IUML 11, RSP 4, SJ(D) 1 | CPI(M) 36, CPI 9, IND(CPM backed) 11 |
Madhyapradesh | 29 | BJP 27 | INC 2 | --- | 230 | BJP 192 | INC 36 | BSP 2 |
Maharashtra | 48 | BJP 23, SS 18, SWP 1 | INC 2, NCP 4 | --- | 288 | BJP 132, SS 100, SWP 9, RSPS 3 | INC 16, NCP 26 | PWPI 2 |
Manipur | 2 | --- | INC 2 | --- | 60 | BJP 3, NPF 9 | INC 38 | CPI 9, AITC 1 |
Meghalaya | 2 | NPP 1 | INC 1 | --- | 60 | BJP 5 NPP 18 | INC 23 | IND 9, UDP 5 |
Mizoram | 1 | --- | INC 1 | --- | 40 | --- | INC 21 | IND 19 |
Nagaland | 1 | NPF 1 | --- | --- | 60 | NPF 52 | INC 8 | --- |
Odisha | 21 | BJP 1 | --- | BJD 20 | 147 | BJP 20 | INC 11 | BJD 116 |
Punjab | 13 | BJP 2, SAD 4 | INC 3 | AAP 4 | 117 | BJP 16, SAD 29 | INC 37 | AAP 33, IND 2 |
Rajasthan | 25 | BJP 25 | --- | --- | 200 | BJP 180 | INC 11 | NPEP 4, IND 5 |
Sikkim | 1 | --- | --- | SDF 1 | 32 | -- | INC 1 | SDF 22, SKM 9 |
Tamil Nadu | 39 | BJP 1, PMK 1 | --- | ADMK 37 | 234 | BJP 7, PMK 4 | INC 1 | ADMK 217, DMK 4, VCK 1 |
Telangana | 17 | BJP 1, TDP 1 | INC 2 | TRS 11, YSRCP 1, AIMIM 1 | 119 | BJP 5, TDP 15 | INC 18 | TRS 63, YSRCP 3, AIMIM 7, CPI 1, CPI(M) 1 , BSP 2, IND 2 |
Tripura | 2 | --- | --- | CPI(M) 2 | 60 | --- | --- | CPI(M) 60 |
Uttar Pradesh | 80 | BJP 71, AD 2 | INC 2 | SP 5 | 403 | BJP 328, AD 9 | INC 15 | SP 42, BSP 9 |
Uttarakhand | 5 | BJP 5 | --- | --- | 70 | BJP 63 | INC 7 | --- |
West Bengal | 42 | BJP 2 | INC 4 | AITC 34, CPI(M) 2 | 294 | BJP 24 | INC 28 | AITC 214, CPI(M) 22, CPI 2, RSP 3, AIFB 1 |
NCT of Delhi (UT) | 7 | BJP 7 | --- | --- | 70 | BJP 60 | --- | AAP 10 |
Puducherry (UT) | 1 | AINRC 1 | --- | --- | 30 | AINRC 19 | INC 5 | ADMK 5, DMK 1 |
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- |
Chandigarh (UT) | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- |
Dadra Nagar & Haveli (UT) | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- |
Daman & Diu (UT) | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- | 1 | BJP 1 | --- | --- |
Lakshadeep (UT) | 1 | --- | NCP 1 | --- | 1 | --- | NCP 1 | --- |
Reactions
Domestic
- Economic
The country's economic indicators were performing well in advance of the result in expectation of a BJP win, on the perception that Modi is business-friendly. The benchmark BSE Sensex and CNX Nifty indices hit record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened following months of poor performance.[284] On the result day, as early vote counts gave the BJP a majority lead, the Sensex reached a record high of 25,375.63 points.[285] It ended the day at a new closing high of 24,121.74. The Nifty reached a record high of 7,563.50, before ending the day at a new closing high of 7,203.[286] The Indian rupee rose to an 11-month high of 58.62 against the US dollar and closed at 58.79.[287] Deutsche Bank revised its December 2014 target for the Sensex to 28,000, and Macquarie revised its 12-month target for the Nifty to 8,400 from 7,200. Edelweiss set its December 2014 targets for the Sensex and Nifty at 29,000 and 9,000 respectively.[288]
- Media
India Times suggested that the election was watched in Pakistan with Modi being the less popular candidate than AAP's Kejriwal. Comparisons were made between the latter and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's Imran Khan.[289] Analysts suggested a high turnout would favour the BJP as it indicates an increase in participation of urban voters who are the party's traditional vote bank. Others have suggested however, that this could indicate an increase in voting amongst the 150 million Muslims that generally support the INC. Varghese K George, the political editor of The Hindu said that both readings rely on too many assumptions but that the only reading so far was the BJP was "doing well [and] Modi is managing to make some connection with voters and the Congress is doing pretty badly."[290]
- Politicians
When it became clear that the BJP would win the election, Narendra Modi tweeted, "India has won! Bharat ki Vijay. Ache din ane wale hai (good days are ahead)."[291] This tweet instantly became India's most retweeted Twitter post.[292] Manmohan Singh congratulated Modi by telephone.[293][294] Congress President Sonia Gandhi accepted the defeat and congratulated the new government saying, "I congratulate the next government. I take full responsibility for the loss of Congress." Rahul Gandhi also did the same saying, "The new government has been given a mandate by the people. As Congress Vice President I hold myself responsible. The Congress party has done badly."[295]
Former Minister of Rural Development Jairam Ramesh said, "I am surprised by the results, especially in Telangana and Jharkhand. There was clearly a Modi effect."[296]
Union minister in the outgoing government Milind Deora told The Indian Express on 21 May that although "many factors" led to the party's defeat and Rahul's leadership alone could not be blamed, "it was not about one person's image but the people surrounding that person also. Deora stated that many party members felt that the decision makers in the party had "no electoral experience...no stature, standing, respect and credibility in the party". He accused the people who "were in charge of important departments and held key positions" of not listening to party cadres and MPs, which he believed prevented a "diverse opinion" from being heard and "shut out a lot of people". Deora stated, "A lot of us felt our voices were never heard. We felt our voices don't matter. This has to change. The MPs and ministers should not feel we are being not heard. It is not the advisors alone. The people who take the advice also have to bear responsibility. Those who gave advice and those who received the advice as also those who feel they can give better advice – all have to bear responsibility." Deora felt the party had to "open up" and "promote avenues for dissent and debate internally". When asked who was to blame, Deora said, "there are many people from top to bottom ... there was lack of coordination and the response was slow ... there was a very unresponsive attitude. ... the buck stops with the party."[297][298] Although this statement received support from several Congress members, Deora clarified on Twitter, "My comments are out of emotions of deep loyalty to the party, pain of our performance & a sincere desire to see us bounce back. Nothing more." Senior party leader Satyavrat Chaturvedi expressed hope that an "honest and ruthless introspection" would be carried out fix the problems. He further stated that while Deora's statement may not have been fully correct, a "large portion of what he said is correct". Congress members such as Jairam Ramesh, Madan Gopal and Kanishka Singh criticised Rahul Gandhi's aides.[299]
- Individuals
Rajnikanth congratulated Narendra Modi on Twitter for his "historic win". The actor also congratulated Jayalalithaa for her party's performance in the election.[300] Tamil actor Dhanush also tweeted congratulations to Modi. Several Bollywood celebrities including Subhash Ghai, Vishal Dadalani, Lata Mangeshkar, Ranvir Shorey, Vivek Oberoi, Baba Sehgal, Shekhar Kapur, Arshad Warsi, Preity Zinta, Arjun Rampal, Farhan Akhtar, Karan Johar, Sangeeth Sivan, Kabir Bedi, Anupam Kher, Madhur Bhandarkar, Atul Kasbekar and Pritish Nandy tweeted congratulations to Modi and the BJP for their victory.[301][302]
President of Film Federation of India Ravi Kottarakara congratulated Modi "on behalf of the entire Indian film fraternity". CEO of the Film & TV Producers Guild of India Kulmmet Makkar described the "clear mandate" as being "great" for the Indian film industry. He also expressed "positive hopes" from the new government.[303]
International
Afghanistan – President Hamid Karzai sent congratulations. Karzai, who attended school in Shimla, spoke to Modi in Hindi.[304] Spokesperson Aimal Faizi tweeted, "President #Karzai extends his warm Congratulations to @narendramodi on victory in elections. Afghans always regard #India as a true friend"[305]
Australia – Prime Minister Tony Abbott called Modi to congratulate him. He tweeted, "I've spoken to @narendramodi and congratulated him on his success. I look forward to strengthening ties between India and Australia". He further said that he was looking forward to meet Modi during the upcoming G-20 Summit to be held in Brisbane in November 2014.[305][306]
Bangladesh – Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina wrote, "The decisive verdict given by the people of your great country is a strong testimony to your dynamic, inspiring and visionary leadership qualities and manifestation of the trust and confidence reposed in you by the people of the largest democracy in the world. I am delighted to see a great friend of Bangladesh leading an extremely friendly country, India, in the coming days."[307] She further stated, "I hope that you would find my country your second home and first destination for your official visit abroad".[306] Hasina also sent a separate letter to BJP President Rajnath Singh congratulating him and party members for their "landslide victory", on behalf of the Bangladesh Awami League.[305] Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) chief Khaleda Zia, and the Jamaat-e-Islami also sent messages congratulating Modi.[306][308]
Bhutan – Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay and King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[306]
Brunei – Brunei Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah sent a message of congratulations to Modi. In his message, the Sultan wished Modi success and looked forward to working with him to strengthen long-standing ties of friendship and co-operation between Brunei and India, including through work in the Commonwealth and the Asean-India Dialogue.[309]
Canada – Canadian High Commissioner Stewart Beck said, "I had the pleasure to meet with Modi during his time as the Chief Minister of Gujarat and I look forward to working with him to grow Canada's bilateral relationship with India. I also wish to congratulate the people of India on exercising their right to vote and showing the world the strength of their democratic system."[306] Prime minister Stephen Harper sent a congratulatory message to Modi on 17 May.[310]
China – Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said, "China is willing to make joint efforts with the new Indian government, maintain high level exchanges, deepen cooperation in all areas and bring the China-India strategic partnership to new height."[307] The Chinese government formally congratulated Modi on 23 May. The Chinese government had been waiting for Modi to be officially be sworn in before issuing a formal message, as they were conscious of protocol. Modi made four visits to China during his tenure as Chief Minister of Gujarat, resulting in over US$900 million worth of Chinese investments in Gujarat.[311] Premier Li Keqiang congratulated Modi on 26 May. He stated that China viewed India as a "natural cooperative partner" and expressed his desire to work together for "peaceful, cooperative and common development" that would "not only bring benefits to their own people but also contribute to peace, stability and prosperity of Asia and beyond".[312]
Denmark – Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[306][307]
France – French Ambassador to India François Richier stated, "This massive vote of confidence highlights the vitality of Indian democracy. France is keen to work hand in hand with the new Indian leadership. Paris statement will follow formal announcement by Election Commission."[306] President Francois Hollande congratulated Modi by telephone on 19 May. He invited him to come to France "when he wished". French Embassy officials stated, "He [Hollande] confirmed that he [Modi] would have France's support in the task at hand and reiterated his commitment to the strategic partnership and friendship between France and India, a partner and ally of France."[313]
Germany – On 15 May, the day prior to the results being declared, German Ambassador to India Michael Steiner stated, "An elected Prime Minister of India does not need a visa for Germany, he is welcome there".[314][315] Chancellor Angela Merkel called Modi on 19 May, congratulated him on his victory and invited him to Berlin.[316]
Israel – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu telephoned Narendra Modi to congratulate him.[317] A statement read, "He [Netanyahu] said that he was looking forward to work with Mr. Modi and enhance bilateral cooperation".[305]
Japan – Prime Minister Shinzo Abe called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[318][319]
Malaysia – Prime Minister Najib Razak congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter, and also stated that he was "looking forward to continuing strong Malaysia-India partnership" under the new government.[320][321]
Maldives – President Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom congratulated Modi and sent wishes for "every success and prosperity". The President stated that India had chosen "the most proficient leadership".[322] Modi was also congratulated by former President Mohamed Nasheed on Twitter.[323][324] Indian High Commissioner to the Maldives Rajeev Shahare stated that relations between the countries would strengthen under the new prime minister.[325]
Mauritius – Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam sent a message to Modi on 16 May, congratulating Modi for "the impressive and well-deserved victory of his party". Ramgoolam stated that "these elections in the largest democracy of the world are yet again a testimony to the exceptional robustness of Indian democracy", and added that "Mauritius applauds and commends India for upholding her acclaimed democratic credentials to which Mauritius feels particularly attached". He further stated "your electoral victory is a defining moment in the contemporary history of your great country. It certainly reflects the trust that the people place in you to chart the future course of your nation. You embody the politics of hope and delivery to your people in their aspirations for development and prosperity".[326]
Nepal – Prime Minister Sushil Koirala congratulated Narendra Modi on his victory and invited him to visit Nepal. President Ram Baran Yadav also called Modi and BJP President Rajnath Singh to congratulate them on the BJP's victory.[327]
New Zealand – Prime Minister John Key congratulated Modi by letter. Key expressed hope that the two countries would be able to negotiate a free trade agreement, which they began discussing in 2010. However, talks later stalled and the last round of discussions was held in July 2013. The Prime Minister stated, "We are sort of hopeful we can reignite the free trade agreement with Modi as the new Prime Minister. He has obviously been very pro-business and he has had an overwhelming mandate delivered to him so you can see the Indian people want and expect to see high levels of economic growth. One of those things is trade, so we are certainly going to be taking it up with the new Indian Government at the appropriate time."[328][329]
Norway – Prime Minister Erna Solberg called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[306]
Pakistan – Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif congratulated Modi and offered good wishes on the BJP's "impressive victory". Sharif also invited Modi to visit Pakistan.[307]
Qatar – Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa al-Thani congratulated Modi on his party's victory in the general election in a telephone conversation.[307][330]
Russia – President Vladimir Putin congratulated Modi and the BJP on the election victory gave a high assessment of the traditionally friendly ties between Russia and India. These ties have a foundation in the Declaration on Strategic Partnership, which was signed while the BJP was in power and set a development course for bilateral relations for years to come.[331]
Singapore – Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter and Facebook, and also stated that he was "looking forward to working with the new Indian Government to strengthen India-Singapore relations". Modi replied to the tweet stating, "@leehsienloong Thank you very much. Singapore is a valued friend & I am sure we will make our ties stronger in the times to come".[332][333][334] Former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong wrote, "I recall our meetings and frank exchange of views since 2006 when I visited Gujarat. You have always shown a strong resolve to bring economic prosperity to the Indian people.... I am confident that you will lead India to greater heights as Prime Minister, and further build on the excellent ties between our two countries."[310]
South Africa – President Jacob Zuma said in a statement on 17 May, "With India under the leadership of Mr Modi, the Government of South Africa looks forward to consolidating the strong bilateral political and economic relations that exist between our two sister Republics."[335][336][337]
Spain – Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy sent a letter congratulating Modi on his "brilliant victory" in the election. Rajoy expressed his admiration for the "democratic spirit that reigned over such a complex election process". The Prime Minister concluded his letter stating that he was looking forward to meeting Modi in person and offered his "warmest regards and deepest personal respect".[338][339][340]
Sri Lanka – President Mahinda Rajapaksa called Modi and congratulated him for a "great" victory.[306] The President tweeted, "Called @narendramodi a short while ago; Congratulated on BJP victory & invited for a state visit to #SriLanka"[307]
Tibet – Tibetan Prime Minister-in-exile Lobsang Sangay thanked the UPA government "or their unwavering support for the Tibetan people during its two full terms", and also congratulated the BJP-led NDA for their victory.[341][342]
United Kingdom – Prime Minister David Cameron called Modi and congratulated him on the "election success" and stated that he was keen on working together,[307] one of the first Western leaders to do.[343] A spokesperson stated, "The prime minister called Narendra Modi this morning to congratulate him on his victory in the Indian elections and the record turnout, making this the biggest democratic election in history. Modi said he would be delighted to accept the Prime Minister's invitation to visit the UK. Both leaders agreed on the importance of the UK-India relationship and agreed to work together to strengthen it in the months ahead." Cameron also tweeted using his official account, "Congratulations @narendramodi on victory in India's elections. Keen to work together to get the most from UK-India relationship". British Foreign Minister William Hague stated, "I congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on their success and look forward to forging an even closer partnership with India in the months ahead. UK has strong ties with India and the British government looks forward to working with the new Indian government to build on this relationship and deliver security, growth and prosperity for both our nations."[305]
United States – White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said, "We congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on winning a majority of seats in this historic election. Once the government is formed, we look forward to working closely with the prime minister and the Cabinet to advance our strong bilateral relationship based on shared democratic values. The prime minister of India will be welcomed to the US."[307] The White House National Security Council tweeted, "US congratulates BJP on its victory in India's historic election. We look forward to working with government once formed to advance our partnership".[304][306] Secretary of State John Kerry tweeted, "Congrats to @narendramodi and BJP. Look forward to working w/you/growing shared prosperity/security w/world's largest democracy".[306]
Narendra Modi responded to each tweet from world leaders thanking them for their support. The media reported the order in which Modi responded to the tweets, and noted that Barack Obama was the last to receive a reply from him. The New York Times observed that "the order in which he thanked them and one notable omission, later rectified, was more interesting than the content of the tweets themselves." The paper further stated, "The silence underscored what will be uncomfortable diplomatic theater in the weeks and months to come. The United States refused to issue Mr. Modi a visa in 2005 as a response to his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots. As Mr. Modi's star rose in the past year, American leaders reached out, but a thaw on Mr. Modi's side has been almost imperceptible."[343][344] State Department Spokesperson Jen Psaki said, "I think our relationship between the United States and India is so strong and enduring we won't worry about the Twitter rank order".[345] John Kerry reiterated the United States' willingness to work with the new government as well as the importance of India-US relations on 20 May. He also added that he was looking forward to returning to India soon and "echo President Obama's invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit the United States at the earliest opportunity." The Times of India noted that the first leader to receive a tweet from Modi was David Cameron. The United Kingdom was among the first countries to end a US-led diplomatic boycott of Modi.[346] Mint stated that Modi's "more expansive responses" were to the leaders of Japan and Russia. According to former foreign secretary Lalit Mansingh, "It is natural that Modi feels affinity with some leaders who are strong leaders, proudly nationalistic, trying to fix the economy with firm measures."[347]
- International media
Prior to the announcement of the result, the Washington Post highlighted "...2014 will be the biggest year in the history of democracy, with more people than ever before going to the polls to decide their own fate...this really looks to be one of the most fascinating political events this year, and not just because of its scale...It's a fascinating moment in democracy, and one that shouldn't be ignored".[117] The New York Times added that "the sheer size of the electorate makes this election the largest ever in the world and an inspiring celebration of universal adult suffrage," but also wrote "lurking behind the feel-good spectacle is the reality that India's elections are awash in illegal cash, serious violence and dirty tricks."[348] Bloomberg Businessweek wrote of the election that the "process is awesome in its complexity, and the campaigns have given rise to robust debate...But here's something else not to miss: It’s all pretty damn colorful." It highlighted five reasons that make the election interesting: Kejriwal's effect, Modi's wife; exit polls are barred but betting on the future prime minister was not and Modi was in the lead; "vote buying" through cash, alcohol or other means; and 3D campaigning.[349] It also predicted better relations with Japan at the expense of relations with China under Modi,[350] and asked whether a redefinition of India's nuclear weapons program would result from the elections.[351]
An editorial in the China Daily, the Chinese government's official English-language newspaper, compared Modi's "preoccupation with development" with China's "own experiences and development philosophy", and argued that this had "inspired unprecedented optimism here over our South Asian neighbour's growth potential". The paper also argued that "western rhetoric" which stated that both countries were "destined to stand against each other" had been proven wrong by the fact that India and China had "by and large, managed their differences well over the decades". It also welcomed Modi's invitation to Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to attend his swearing-in ceremony.[352]
- Individuals and organisations
The 14th Dalai Lama sent a letter congratulating Modi for the BJP's "decisive victory". The Dalai Lama expressed hope that just as Modi had brought development and prosperity to Gujarat, India would continue to "flourish and prosper" under his leadership.[353][354][355][356]
The American Jewish Committee (AJC) congratulated Narendra Modi, and expressed hope that his leadership would further strengthen India's relations with the US and Israel. Director of AJC's Asia Pacific Institute (API) Shira Loewenberg stated, "We look forward to working with Modi and the new government to further strengthen and deepen India's extensive relations with the United States and Israel. BJP has long been a friend to Israel and the Jewish people."[357][358]
Government formation
Manmohan Singh tendered his resignation to President Pranab Mukherjee on 17 May. He continued as caretaker Prime Minister, at the request of the President, until 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi and his cabinet were sworn to office.[359]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "General Election to Loksabha Trend and Result 2014". Election Commission of India. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Final Results 2014 General Elections Press Information Bureau, Government of India
- ^ "BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority NDA 38.5".
- ^ "GENERAL ELECTIONS – 2014 : SCHEDULE OF ELECTIONS" (PDF). http://eci.nic.in. ECI. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|website=
- ^ "India General Elections 2014".
- ^ a b "India announces election dates". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Number of Registered Voters in India reaches 814.5 Mn in 2014". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ a b c "39% of first-time voters back BJP, only 19% vote for Congress". Dnaindia.com (22 October 2013). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ a b c "Election 2014 live blog". Retrieved 16 May 2014.
- ^ "Terms of Houses, Election Commission of India". Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ "BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority".
- ^ Election results 2014: India places its faith in Moditva – The Times of India. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (17 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Partywise Trends & Result". Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ^ "India's Congress rejects Gandhis' resignation despite worst ever defeat". Telegraph.co.uk. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Modi wave wipes out UPA cabinet, Congress records its worst defeat in Lok Sabha polls". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Modi's Next Moves The Wall Street Journal, 18 May 2014
- ^ "Lok Sabha election 2014 predictions Survey – Opinion Poll". Seekers Find .in. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Stormy session marks Indian Parliament's last session before 2014 elections". Arabnews.com. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Revision of ceiling on election expenditure –Amendment to Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961". http://pib.nic.in/. PIB. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|website=
- ^ "Delhi Election Commission software for differently abled voters". The Indian Express. New Delhi. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
- ^ "SC order on disabled voters not implemented". The Times of India. 12 March 2014.
- ^ "Voters with disability can register online". The Times of India. 27 March 2014.
- ^ "Lok Sabha polls 2014: EC announces 9 phase schedule". zeenews.india.com. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Lok Sabha Election 2014 to be held in mid April: EC sources". first post.com. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
- ^ "Election Commission may go for six-phase poll in April–May". The Times of India. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ Indians want political change Pew Research, Washington DC, 26 February 2014
- ^ The great Indian election: it's about jobs Reuters, FRANK JACK DANIEL and RAJESH KUMAR SINGH, 28 March 2014
- ^ India's election and the economy: A useful campaign The Economist, 1 March 2014
- ^ DNA (13 March 2014). "Price Rise is the key issue in Lok Sabha Election 2014: Zee News-Taleem pre-poll survey". Daily News and Analysis.
- ^ "India's Economy Needs an Early Election". Bloomberg. 20 August 2013.
- ^ "India's election and the economy: A useful campaign". The Economist. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Elections results to influence gold prices: Study". The Times of India. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Gold prices and equity markets to be affected by General elections says study". Daily News and Analysis. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "At next 'Chai pe Charcha', Narendra Modi will discuss farmer suicides". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "Chidambaram will be remembered as a spoiler, says Yashwant Sinha". NDTV.com. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Annie Gowen (20 November 2013). "Tears as India's onion prices soar". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^ Krishnan, Unni (12 December 2013). "Rajan in India Rate Dilemma as CPI Tops 11% Amid Growth Woes". Bloomberg. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/opinion/roy-of-indian-elections-onions-and-salt.html?_r=1&
- ^ "Know your Candidate". Bjp.org.
- ^ "Will movie stars shine bright in elections 2014?". India Today. 23 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- ^ "Rakhi Sawant to contest LS polls from Mumbai". IBNLive. IBN. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ Gargi Parsai (31 March 2014). "AAP pits Jaaved Jaaferi against Rajnath Singh in Lucknow". The Hindu.
- ^ "tNDA hopeful of more pre-poll and post-poll friends". Business Standard. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Tiwari, Ravish (5 March 2014). "Partners & possibles in BJP's target 272 | Page 2". The Indian Express. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Dutta, Debjani (13 March 2014). "Rangasamy in NDA, Names Ex-Speaker as LS Candidate". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "BJP Forms State Chapter of NDA with 4 Parties". The New Indian Express. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Apna Dal allies with NDA". The Hindu. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ "US, India dance awkwardly around the man who might be India's next leader". The Christian Science Monitor. 14 May 2013.
- ^ Pradhan, Bibhudatta (9 June 2013). "Modi to Manage Election Campaign of India's Main Opposition BJP". Bloomberg. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ R Jagannathan. "The Aurangzeb factor: 5 lessons from Modi-Advani tussle". Firstpost. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ a b "BJP names team for 2014, Modi at the helm". Hindustan Times. 19 July 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "5th List of Candidates for Lok Sabha Election 2014". Bharatiya Janata Party. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "4th List of Candidates for Lok Sabha Election 2014". Bharatiya Janata Party. 15 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "In Varanasi, the Narendra Modi puzzle for Muslim voters". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "LK Advani refuses to accept BJP nomination from Gandhinagar: sources". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "India elections: old men and dynasties vie for power". Financial Times. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "Rajnath downplays row, says Modi wanted Advani to contest from Gujarat". Ibnlive.in.com. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Arun Jaitley campaigns in Amritsar. No Sidhu in sight". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "Amarinder Singh to contest against Arun Jaitley from Amritsar". Livemint. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "With Arun Jaitley's arrival, Navjot Singh Sidhu's Punjab politics over for now". Daily News and Analysis. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "BJP expels defiant Jaswant Singh for 6 years". Hindustan Times. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^ "BJP suspends Nilgiris (SC) LS seat candidate S Gurumurthy & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". Daily News and Analysis. 5 May 2014.
- ^ "BJP suspends Nilgiris 'candidate' for nomination goof". The Times of India. 6 May 2014.
- ^ "Rejected candidate accuses RO of bias towards BJP". Zeenews.india.com.
- ^ "Will NDA support AIADMK in Nilgiris?". Business Standard. 11 April 2014.
- ^ "Bhushan Casts Doubts Over BJP Nilgiris Goof-up". The New Indian Express. 13 April 2014.
- ^ "BJP members angry over Nilgiris nomination fiasco". Indiatvnews.com. 15 April 2014.
- ^ "BJP's election manifesto: 15 salient points of its 5-year road map for India". The Economic Times. 7 April 2014.
- ^ "UPA's 'one rank, one pension' decision election stunt: BJP". Zeenews.india.com. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Narendra Modi slams Congress as 'shameless' for saying no law stops tainted Ashok Chavan from contesting polls". NDTV.com. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Narendra Modi hits back at Rahul Gandhi over balloon jibe on Gujarat model". NDTV.com. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Baba Umar. "India's Modi attacks ruling Congress party". Al Jazeera.
- ^ "BJP supremo Narendra Modi says India needs a strong government in Delhi". India.com. 9 April 2014.
- ^ "Viral 'Ab ki baar, Modi sarkar' memes". Deccan Chronicle. 11 April 2014.
- ^ "How Narendra Modi Is Targeting 23 Million First-Time Voters". Thefivefortyfive.com.
- ^ "Narendra Modi's electoral milestone: 437 rallies, 3 lakh km". The Times of India.
- ^ Miglani, Sanjeev. "If Modi wins election, neighbours can expect a more muscular India". Reuters.
- ^ "Op-ed: Narenda Modi and China, a complex equation". NDTV.com. 25 February 2014.
- ^ Bagchi, Indrani (26 March 2014). "Ministry of External Affairs needs a complete overhaul: Narendra Modi". The Economic Times.
- ^ "RJD-LJP-Cong alliance final in Bihar, Ram Vilas Paswan says". The Times of India. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Paswan returns to NDA, formally announces alliance with BJP". The Times of India. 27 February 2014.
- ^ Panwar, Preeti (26 February 2014). "Confirmed: DMDK-BJP form alliance in Tamil Nadu for LS polls". News.oneindia.in. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Lok Satta to Focus on Urban Areas". Hyderabad. New Indian Express. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Lok Satta Party chief Jayaprakash Narayan to contest from Malkajgiri LS seat". The Times of India. 8 March 2014.
- ^ "SSS joins NDA, threat to NCP". The Indian Express. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Setback to AAP plans as Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatana joins Sena-BJP led combine". The Economic Times. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "MNS decides to take on Shiv Sena and back BJP". Firstpost. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Indian National Congress : Candidate List for Lok Sabha 2014". AICC. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ "Congress-RJD-NCP forge alliance in Bihar". The Hindu. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ a b "Congress, NCP announce alliance in Goa". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 23 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Lok Sabha polls: Cong, NCP finalise seat sharing in Maharashtra". First Post. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Congress, NCP finalise seat sharing arrangement in Gujarat". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ a b "Cong to leave 8 seats for RLD, 3 for Mahan Dal in western UP". The Indian Express. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Congress strikes alliance with JMM ahead of general elections". The Hindu. 6 July 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "'Ex-Maoist' Leader Vs Former Police Chief in Palamau". Outlook. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Omar Abdullah refutes breakup talks in National Conference-Congress alliance". NDTV. 1 February 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Kerala is all set to vote and elect 20 Lok Sabha members tomorrow". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ^ "Congress gives BPF Kokrajhar". The Telegraph. Kolkata. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ "RJD, Congress, NCP announce alliance in Bihar". Livemint. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ "Congress trident to spearhead 2014 campaign". The Times of India. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ Pradhan, Bibhudatta (16 November 2012). "Rahul Gandhi to Lead Congress Campaign for 2014 India Polls". Bloomberg. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ Sanjay Singh. "Election survey: Congress will lose heavily but the BJP is not winning either". Firstpost. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Speculation over Priyanka's political foray". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi 'ready to take charge'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "India's Rahul Gandhi to lead poll campaign – Asia". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Congress meet Live: Combative Rahul Gandhi calls 2014 a turning point, but rules out being Congress PM candidate". The Indian Express. 17 January 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ Agencies (17 January 2014). "2014 elections will be a battle for India: Sonia Gandhi". The Economic Times. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi says some Congressmen probably involved in 1984 riots". The Times of India. New Delhi. 27 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ "NCP going soft on Narendra Modi? Praful Patel wants 2002 riots matter put to rest". The Economic Times. Delhi. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ "Congress' 1st meeting of central poll committee likely on Thursday". Daily News and Analysis. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Congress's first list for LS polls: Rahul, Sonia, Nilekani among 194 candidates named". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ^ "Is Congress worried for Rahul Gandhi in Amethi?". Hindustan Times.
- ^ Jason Burke (26 March 2014). "Bharatiya Janata party leader predicts landslide win in Indian elections". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "India's Congress party manifesto pledges 'growth for all'". BBC. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Manmohan Singh, Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi to campaign in Odisha". Daily News and Analysis. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Mumbai: Sonia Gandhi to address rally on April 20". NDTV.com. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ a b c Taylor, Adam (7 April 2014). "5 reasons you should be following India's jaw-droppingly enormous elections". The Washington Post.
- ^ "New book says Indian PM was 'never in charge' – Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera.
- ^ ' + val.created_at + ' (15 April 2014). "Manmohan Singh is the super PM: Priyanka Gandhi on row over Sanjaya Baru's comments". NDTV.com.
- ^ "India minister says Kashmir will reject BJP – Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera.
- ^ "NCP will back Rahul as PM: Sule". The Times of India. 5 April 2014.
- ^ "Trinamool Leading in West Bengal, BJP in Bihar: Opinion Poll". The New Indian Express. 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Modi, Advani can never become PM: Lalu". Zeenews.india.com. 28 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ Khanna, Tarun (3 April 2014). "Jharkhand- Can Congress-JMM stop BJP?". Zee News. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ "Lok Sabha elections: JMM announces candidates, Sibu Soren to fight from Dumka". Hindustan Times. 12 March 2014.
- ^ "CPI(M) will work with slogan 'Reject Congress, Defeat BJP'". News.webindia123.com. 13 March 2014.
- ^ "CPI-M releases list of six more LS candidates". News.oneindia.in. 3 April 2014.
- ^ a b "March 09, 2014". Pd.cpim.org. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Ghosh, Abantika (14 March 2014). "Didi delays second list, calls off Haryana rally". The Indian Express.
- ^ "CPI-M shortlists independent candidates in Kerala for Lok Sabha polls". Daily News and Analysis. 13 March 2014.
- ^ "CPI-M in Kerala finalises list of candidates". Mathrubhumi.com. 13 March 2014.
- ^ "CPI, CPM to field joint candidates in Assam". The Times of India (in Russian). 15 March 2014.
- ^ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Haryana". The Tribune.
- ^ Kanwar Yogendra (14 March 2014). "CPI(M), CPI to jointly campaign for LF candidates in Himachal". The Hindu.
- ^ "CPI (M) to field candidates from Ranchi, Rajmahal". The Pioneer. India. 11 March 2014.
- ^ "Left parties to contest in five constituencies". The Hindu. 6 March 2014.
- ^ "Seat-sharing between CPI(M), CPI finalised". The Hindu. 14 March 2014.
- ^ S. Vijay Kumar (14 March 2014). "CPI, CPI(M) to contest 9 seats each in Tamil Nadu". The Hindu.
- ^ Sandeep Dikshit (9 March 2014). "CPI names 60 candidates in first list". The Hindu.
- ^ "The Electoral Battle in Telangana". CPI(M). Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Arvind Kejriwal's AAP needs a future plan; fatigue sets in for party's small-time drama". Economic Times. 25 May 2014.
- ^ "Kejriwal releases AAP manifesto, focuses on corruption, education". LiveMint. 3 April 2014.
- ^ Seema Chishti. "Common Man's Party captures Indian imagination – Opinion". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "AAP's world record". Afternoon Despatch & Courier. 19 May 2014.
- ^ "Election Result". Election Commission of India. 16 May 2014.
- ^ "'AAP fared better than the BJP did 0n its LS debut'". rediff.com. 17 May 2014.
- ^ "AIADMK-Left alliance collapses". news. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ^ S. Vijay Kumar (3 March 2014). "Jayalalithaa vows to modernise armed forces". The Hindu.
- ^ a b "Forward Bloc announces first list 38 LS candidates". Business Standard. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "FB releases first list". The Statesman. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Atiq Khan. "We'll prevent NDA from forming govt.: Mayawati". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "Will put up candidates in 85 seats for LS polls: CPI(ML)". The Economic Times. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ Sanjay Singh. "Why Nitish isn't in the clear yet: Modi factor still to play out in Bihar". Firstpost. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "NDA camp left almost empty as JD-U leaves". Deccan Herald. 16 June 2013.
- ^ Gaikwad, Rahi (28 January 2014). "Rahul's stand on corruption a farce, says Nitish". The Hindu. Patna. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ a b "MNS to contest polls, supports Modi and declares war against Sena". First Post. Press Trust of India. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ Shefali Mehrotra (9 April 2014). "Lucknow takes pledge: We will vote". The Times of India. TNN.
- ^ "Third Front government at Centre after polls: Mulayam Singh". Press Trust of India. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ Atiq Khan (18 March 2014). "Mulayam to contest from Azamgarh to counter 'Modi effect'". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ "The Samajwadi Party (SP) indicates no candidates against Sonia, Rahul Gandhi in Lok Sabha polls". DNA India. Press Trust of India. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ "SDF names candidates". The Telegraph. Kolkota. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Shiv Sahay Singh (1 January 1998). "Mamata's audacious move". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "Mamata Banerjee rakes up border enclave issue, Teesta water-sharing". NDTV.com.
- ^ a b "Will ally with whoever forms government at Centre, Jagan says". The Times of India. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Businessmen and Bureaucrats top YSRC's parliamentary candidates list". Deccan Chronicle. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Left plans secular meet for 'Third Front' options". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Left, regional parties align against Cong, BJP for convention against communalism". The Indian Express. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^ "11 parties of prospective Third Front unite".
- ^ "Third Front takes shape, but Naveen Patnaik distances himself". The Times of India. 26 February 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "11 parties form 'alternative' to UPA, BJP for Lok Sabha election". The Times of India. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Election 2014: In conversation with Prakash Karat, Full interview". Hardnewsmedia.com. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ Firstpost. "Probable 'Third Front' will emerge only after polls: Prakash Karat". Firstpost.
- ^ "Poll tracker: NDA to get 211–231, UPA distant second with 107–127". IBNLIVE. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
- ^ "Modi-led NDA way ahead than UPA, to win 236 seats in LS polls 2014: ABP News-Nielsen Opinion Poll". Abp news. 22 February 2014.
- ^ "The Final Word – India's biggest opinion poll". NDTV. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ "The Final Word – India's biggest opinion poll". NDTV. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
- ^ Exit polls results only after 6.30 PM on May 12: Election Commission India Today
- ^ a b c d e f g Lok Sabha Exit Polls India Today
- ^ India Today Group-Cicero post-poll result: Modi set to be India's next PM India Today
- ^ Lok Sabha 2014 – Exit Poll Today's Chanakya
- ^ ABP NEWS – NIELSEN EXIT POLL 2014 ABP News
- ^ "Lok Sabha Exit and Post Poll – Methodology". NDTV India. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ "Watch NDTV Exit Poll: BJP and Allies Cross Half-Way Mark, Congress in Double Digits". NDTV India. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ Sevanti Ninan. "'Managing' India's media". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^ "India Today suspends C-voter after sting alleged it fixed opinion polls". Firstpost. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ Kanchan Srivastava (27 April 2014). "EVM-paper trail introduced in 8 of 543 constituencies & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". Daily News and Analysis.
- ^ "LS polls: Voters to get 'automated-receipts' at Gandhinagar". Business Standard. 29 April 2014.
- ^ Bangalore, 17 April 2014, DHNS: (17 April 2014). "VVPAT causes confusion, minor delays". Deccan Herald.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "VVPAT, a revolutionary step in voting transparency". DNA. 27 April 2014.
- ^ "Patna Sahib electorate can see who they voted for". The Times of India.
- ^ "EVM slip will help verify your vote". The Times of India. 28 April 2014.
- ^ "400 EVMs on standby for Patna Sahib, Pataliputra". The Times of India. 17 April 2014.
- ^ "VVPAT to Debut in B'lore South". The New Indian Express. 4 April 2014.
- ^ a b "India votes in third phase of elections". Al Jazeera.
- ^ "Maoist rebels kill 12 in India". The Guardian. 12 April 2014.
- ^ "Polls to cost country Rs 3,500 crore this year". The Times of India. 18 February 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ "India's spend on elections could challenge US record: report". NDTV.com. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ "Lok Sabha elections triggers massive Boom in Tourism Sector". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Chief Election India".
- ^ "LS elections kick off with polling in Assam, Tripura". Hindustan Times. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Voting for first phase of India polls ends – Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera.
- ^ Marina, Sandra (7 April 2014). "Elections Phase 2: Northeast registers high turnout, peaceful polling once again". News.oneindia.in.
- ^ "Huge turnout in Lok Sabha polls in 4 northeast states". Hindustan Times. 9 April 2014.
- ^ "EC defers Mizoram poll date on Bru voters issue". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Lok Sabha elections: 60 percent voter turnout in Mizoram". Jagran Post. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
- ^ "Kerala sees maximum voter turnout at 76%". Hindustan Times. 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Sikkim Legislative Assembly election 2014 voter turnout". Chief Election Officer, Sikkim. April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ "High Voter Turnout in Phase 4". Ibnlive.in.com. 12 April 2014.
- ^ "A week is a long time in Indian politics – Al Jazeera Blogs". Al Jazeera. 14 April 2014.
- ^ a b c "India holds biggest day of voting – Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera.
- ^ Lok Sabha Elections – 5th phase: As it happened
- ^ "Maharashtra records 61.7 per cent voter turnout : Elections, News". India Today. 17 April 2014.
- ^ "India votes in large numbers in Phase 5 of Lok Sabha elections : Highlights, News". India Today. 17 April 2014.
- ^ Aravind Gowda. "Karnataka: Low turnout in key seats leaves candidates jittery". Firstpost.
- ^ Ghosh, Shubham (18 April 2014). "Impressive turnout: Odisha records 70% voter turnout, WB 82% – News Oneindia". News.oneindia.in.
- ^ "High voter turnout witnessed in 121 constituencies". The Times of India.
- ^ a b "Phase 5: Voter turnouts higher than 2009 poll figures". Hindustan Times.
- ^ a b c "Lok Sabha elections: 60 per cent polling 6th phase, BJP says it's 'Modi tsunami' : Highlights, News". India Today. 24 April 2014.
- ^ ' + val.created_at + ' (24 April 2014). "Voter turnout in Bengal, Tamil Nadu crosses 70 per cent: 10 facts". NDTV.com.
- ^ ' + val.created_at + ' (24 April 2014). "53 per cent voter turnout in Mumbai, 12 per cent higher than 2009". NDTV.com.
- ^ a b "Over 60% voters cast ballot in UP; 13% more than 2009". Hindustan Times.
- ^ Verma, Gyan (24 April 2014). "Lok Sabha elections: Sixth phase sees heavy polling across states". Livemint. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ^ "Poll boycott, electoral loyalty go hand in hand in J&K's Anantnag". The Times of India. 24 April 2014.
- ^ "Omar Abdullah condemns Kashmir attack to scare voters". Business Standard. 22 April 2014.
- ^ Jammu (24 April 2014). "Kashmiri Pandits in Jagti protest over missing names in voters list". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India.
- ^ Higher voter turnout marks 6th phase of polls Business Line
- ^ a b 7th phase: 73% voter turnout in Punjab, 60% in Bihar Sandra Fernandez, One India News, 30 April 2014
- ^ a b Gujarat sees highest jump in voter turnout over the last elections The Times of India
- ^ a b Lok Sabha elections: Polling touches 81 pc in West Bengal, 57 pc in Uttar Pradesh India Today
- ^ 26% voter turnout in Srinagar amid tight security LiveMint & The Wall Street Journal
- ^ a b c Record-breaking Bengal rakes up 81% turnout in last leg of phase 8 Lok Sabha polling Hindustan Times
- ^ Elections 2014: Seemandhra First Post
- ^ Seemandhra: 76% voter turnout on 25 Lok Sabha seats Livemint & The Wall Street Journal
- ^ Almost 66% vote in Himachal Pradesh, polling held peacefully DNA India
- ^ a b Nearly 64% Polling in Phase 8 of Elections, 7% Better Than 2009 NDTV India
- ^ Lok Sabha polls: 56 pc polling in UP, booth trouble for Gandhis India Today
- ^ a b c Highest ever turnout of 66.38% recorded in this Lok Sabha election The Times of India
- ^ a b "High voter turnout in last lap of Lok Sabha elections; West Bengal notches up 80%". The Financial Express. 12 May 2014.
- ^ Record 66.38% turnout in Lok Sabha elections: EC Livemint & The Wall Street Journal
- ^ a b Highest polling recorded in Lok Sabha elections 2014 Business Standard
- ^ Lok Sabha polls: 66.38 pc Indian voters cast vote, create record CNN IBN News
- ^ "Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Repolling in nine Odisha booths on April 25". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Repoll in nine Odisha polling stations April 25 | Orissa News # 42477". Newkerala.com. 23 April 2014.
- ^ "Repoll in 52 Polling Booths in three states". New Delhi. Press Trust of India. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ "Peaceful repoll in 11 West Bengal booths". The Economic Times. 13 May 2014.
- ^ a b "EC orders repoll in five polling stations in Nagaland". The Indian Express. 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b "A month after election, 8 Gurgaon booths set for repoll". The Times of India. 14 May 2014.
- ^ "EC orders re-poll in 8 Mewat booths". The Indian Express. 14 May 2014.
- ^ "Repoll at two Arunachal booths on May 14". The Times of India. 13 May 2014.
- ^ "BJP wants repoll in 600 booths". The Times of India. 13 May 2014.
- ^ "CPM demands repoll in over 800 booths in Bengal". The Indian Express. 13 May 2014.
- ^ "Four Left parties allege rigging, demand repoll in 3200 booths in WB". Business Standard. 14 May 2014.
- ^ "Bengal: Repoll ordered in booth 'captured' by Trinamool MLA". The Times of India. 11 May 2014.
- ^ "Firozabad booths set for repoll?". The Times of India. 9 May 2014.
- ^ "Congress Demands Repoll at 1,344 Polling Station in Nagaland". The New Indian Express. 8 May 2014.
- ^ "Repoll in two Tamil Nadu booths". The Times of India. 10 May 2014.
- ^ "Voters sport black badges in repoll". The Hindu. 13 May 2014.
- ^ "Jammalamadugu Repoll Peaceful". The New Indian Express. 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Repoll recommended at five polling stations in Bihar". IBN Live. 14 May 2014.
- ^ "57.5 Per Cent Votes Polled in Repoll in Sitmarhi". The New Indian Express. 11 May 2014.
- ^ "Repoll in Muzaffarnagar now on May 13". The Economic Times. 12 May 2014.
- ^ "Repoll in Muzaffarnagar postponed to 13 May". Livemint. 12 May 2014.
- ^ "Repoll in 5 booths of 3 constituencies today". The Times of India.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu: 90 percent cast votes in repolling". Zeenews.india.com. 15 October 2013.
- ^ "Repoll for violent last phase: 5 booths". The Telegraph. Kolkota. 1 March 1999.
- ^ "Repoll in Bihar concludes on a peaceful note". Zeenews.india.com. 15 October 2013.
- ^ "Five booths in WB to repoll tomorrow, orders EC". Business Standard. 25 April 2014.
- ^ "Repoll underway in five polling stations in Nagaland". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Elections 2014: Repoll in Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency of Bihar concludes on a peaceful note". The Economic Times.
- ^ "Not a single voter turns up for repoll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland". The Times of India.
- ^ "Zero turnout in repolls in Nagaland". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 5 March 2014.
- ^ "After 1 lakh voters' names missing in Pune, Mumbaikars face same issue". Zee News. 24 April 2014.
- ^ "EC apologises to Mumbaikars after lakhs of names missing from voters list". Zee News. 25 April 2014.
- ^ "'Missing' voters run Facebook campaign, lawyer says will file PIL soon". The Indian Express. 26 April 2014.
- ^ "No repoll for voters left out of rolls". The Telegraph India. 12 May 2014.
- ^ "No re-polling over deleted names from voters' list: Bombay High Court". India Today. 13 May 2014.
- ^ Lok Sabha elections: NDA won 75% of Muslim seats | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis. Dnaindia.com (22 October 2013). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ In Gujarat, Cong left with no face to save. Hindustan Times (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ [1] The Times of India (24 May 2014).
- ^ [2] The Times of India (19 May 2014).
- ^ [ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Lok-Sabha-results-put-BJP-ahead-in-52-assemble-seats-in-Haryana/articleshow/35272708.cms]
- ^ "A third of MPs have criminal cases, Shiv Sena tops list: report". NDTV.com. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Riley, Charles (16 April 2014). "Election optimism drives India markets despite pitfalls – Apr. 16, 2014". CNN.
- ^ Welcome To IANS Live – BUSINESS – Sensex trims gain to 855 points after breaching 25,000-mark. Ianslive.in (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ BSE Sensex, NSE Nifty hit record highs; Rupee at 11-mth peak on Narendra Modi's thumping win. Financial Express (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ Sensex hits record high; rupee at 11-month peak. Gulf-times.com (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ Markets this week: BHEL, Sesa Sterlite top Sensex gainers | India Insight. Blogs.reuters.com (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Lok Sabha Elections 2014: What Pakistan Thinks About the Indian Elections | Asia". The Times of India. 17 April 2014.
- ^ Jason Burke in Delhi. "More than 150 million vote so far on biggest polling day in Indian elections". The Guardian.
- ^ India has won! Good days ahead: Modi. The Hindu (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ With a dubious legacy, India's 'accidental' premier bows out. Reuters. Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ Election results 2014 LIVE: Manmohan Singh congratulates Modi on huge BJP win. Firstpost (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ I have always tried to do my best, says Manmohan in farewell address. Hindustan Times (17 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ 2014 Lok Sabha Elections Results: Sonia & Rahul Gandhi accept defeat; congratulate Modi-led NDA – The Economic Times. Economictimes.indiatimes.com (16 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ Election Results 2014: As Sonia Gandhi & Rahul Gandhi accept blame, party workers talk about overhaul – The Economic Times. Economictimes.indiatimes.com (17 May 2014). Retrieved on 21 May 2014.
- ^ Manoj C G (22 May 2014). "Milind Deora first to speak out: Rahul Gandhi advisers wrong, so were people they advised". The Indian Express. New Delhi. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|newspaper=
(help) - ^ ECONOMICTIMES.COM (22 May 2014). "Milind Deora blames Rahul Gandhi's advisors for Congress rout". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|newspaper=
(help) - ^ Gilani, Iftikhar (23 May 2014). "Is Israel's intelligence agency Mossad behind Congress' defeat in the Lok Sabha Elections? One Congressman thinks so". DNA. New Delhi. DNA. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
- ^ "Rajnikanth congratulates Narendra Modi on Twitter for historic win". dna. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Bollywood's best wishes for Modi all the way from Cannes". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ a b "World leaders call up Narendra Modi". The Asian Age. 17 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e "World leaders congratulate Modi (Roundup)". Business Standard. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Wishes Pour in For Modi From Leaders Across The World". Outlook. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Shubhajit Roy (17 May 2014). "Barack Obama dials Modi". The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ Habib, Haroon (17 May 2014). "Make Dhaka first stop: Hasina tells Modi". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Brunei Sultan congratulates new Indian PM". Bernama. The Borneo Post. 27 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Abe, Hollande greet Modi". The Times of India. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "China formally greets Narendra Modi; sends message though Indian envoy". dna. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Chinese PM congratulates Narendra Modi; vows to take ties to new level". The Economic Times. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Vladimir Putin, French President Francois Hollande congratulate Narendra Modi". The Economic Times. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Narendra Modi as PM won't need visa to visit Germany: German envoy Michael Steiner". The Economic Times. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Modi as PM Won't Need Visa to Visit Germany: Envoy". Outlook. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ Bruce Einhorn (19 May 2014). "Amid India's Euphoria, Can Modi Live Up to Economic Expectations?". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Netanyahu congratulates Narendra Modi for victory in India election". Reuters. Haaretz. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
- ^ Yashwant Raj (16 May 2014). "White House congratulates BJP on Twitter". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ Sarosh Bana (18 May 2014). "A new beginning in India". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Najib congratulates Narendra Modi for winning India elections". New Straits Times. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ^ "Najib extends warm congratulations to Indian PM Modi". The Star. AsiaOne. 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "President congratulates Modi, assures support". Haveeru Daily. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ Farah Ahmed (17 May 2014). "Will work towards strengthening ties with Maldives: Modi". Haveeru Daily. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ Ali Naafiz (18 May 2014). "Maldives-India relations will strengthen in future, says ambassador". Haveeru Daily. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Maldives, India pledge stronger ties under Modi". Shanghai Daily. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Dr Ramgoolam congratulates Prime Minister – Elect of India, Shri Narendra Modi". Government of Mauritius. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Koirala congratulates Modi, invites him to Nepal". The Kathmandu Post. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ Claire Trevett (19 May 2014). "PM 'hopeful' India's new leader will kickstart FTA talks". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "NZ to dust off India FTA following Modi win". National Business Review. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "PM greets Modi on poll victory". The Peninsula. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Congratulations to Narendra Modi on the Bharatiya Janata Party's win in India's general election". Kremlin. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "Singapore PM Lee Hsien Loong congratulates Narendra Modi, BJP on Lok Sabha success". The Economic Times. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Singapore PM congratulates Modi". Business Line. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Singapore PM Lee Hsien Loong congratulates Narendra Modi". dna. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Zuma congradulates [sic] India's Prime Minister-elect Narendra Modi". The Citizen. 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "South Africa: SA Eyes Stronger Ties With New Indian Govt". AllAfrica.com. 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "South Africa: Zuma Congratulates India's New Prime Minister-Elect". AllAfrica.com. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Mariano Rajoy congratulates winner in Indian elections". Prime Minister's Office of Spain. Noodls. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Rajoy conversa con primer ministro de la India y le invita a visitar España" (in Spanish). lavanguardia.com. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Rajoy comparte con el primer ministro indio "la necesidad de reformas" y de "favorecer a la empresa privada"" (in Spanish). lainformacion.com. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Tibetan administration congratulates Narendra Modi". dna. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Tibetan exile government congratulates Modi on historic BJP win". Phayul.com. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ a b Nida Najar (19 May 2014). "In Modi's Twitter Diplomacy, A Notable Omission". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Modi reaches out to world leaders on Twitter, ignores Pakistan". Firstpost. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Relationship with India strong and enduring: US". Zee News. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Elizabeth Roche. "Narendra Modi and the art of Twiplomacy". http://www.livemint.com/. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|work=
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/17/world/asia/female-candidate-navigates-hurdle-filled-campaign-trail-in-india.html?_r=0
- ^ "India's Elections: Five Reasons They're More Interesting Than Yours". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 14 April 2014.
- ^ "India Under Narendra Modi Could Be Japan's Best Friend". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Will India's Elections Redefine Its Nuclear Weapons Program?". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 9 April 2014.
- ^ Ananth Krishnan. "China looks forward to building ties with Modi Government". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Dalai Lama Congratulates Narendra Modi". NDTV.com. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "His Holiness the Dalai Lama congratulates Narendra Modi". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Dalai Lama writes to Narendra Modi, congratulates him for stunning victory". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Search". India News Analysis Opinions on Niti Central. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ AJC Congratulates Narendra Modi on Election as Indian Prime Minister | Reuters
- ^ "Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable". Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Narendra Modi Sworn in as Prime Minister of India, The Wall Street Journal, 26 May 2014
Further reading
- Sardesai, Rajdeep. 2014: The Election That Changed India (2014) excerpt
- Sridharan, Eswaran. "Behind Modi's Victory." Journal of Democracy (2014) 24#4 pp: 20-33. Online
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)