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===Signaling===
===Signaling===
In September 2009, the consortium led by [[Alstom]] Project India Limited were awarded a contract worth {{INRConvert|5634|m|1}} to supply control and signalling system for the first phase of the project. The consortium is led by Alstom and composed of Alstom Transport SA, [[Thales Group]] Portugal S A and [[Sumitomo Corporation]]. Alstom will provide the design, manufacture, supply, installing, testing and commissioning of the train control and signalling system and Thales will provide the design, installing, testing and commissioning of the telecommunication system for Phase I of the metro system. It includes the Urbalis 200 Automatic Train Control system which will ensure optimal safety, flexible operations and heightened passenger comfort.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alstom.com/home/news/news/business_news/60752.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/home/news/news/business_news/|work=Alstom|title=Alstom will provide train control and signalling system for the new Bangalore metro network in India|accessdate=2 October 2011}}{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/alstom-led-consortium-in-pactbangalore-metro/370404/|title=Alstom-led consortium in pact with Bangalore Metro|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=18 September 2009|accessdate=3 May 2010}}</ref>
In September 2009, the consortium led by [[Alstom]] Project India Limited were awarded a contract worth {{INRConvert|5634|m|1}} to supply control and signalling system for the first phase of the project. The consortium is led by Alstom and composed of Alstom Transport SA, [[Thales Group]] Portugal S A and [[Sumitomo Corporation]]. Alstom will provide the design, manufacture, supply, installing, testing and commissioning of the train control and signalling system and Thales will provide the design, installing, testing and commissioning of the telecommunication system for Phase I of the metro system. It includes the Urbalis 200 Automatic Train Control system which will ensure optimal safety, flexible operations and heightened passenger comfort.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alstom.com/home/news/news/business_news/60752.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/home/news/news/business_news/ |work=Alstom |title=Alstom will provide train control and signalling system for the new Bangalore metro network in India |accessdate=2 October 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110927101234/http://www.alstom.com/home/news/news/business_news/60752.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/home/news/news/business_news/ |archivedate=27 September 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/alstom-led-consortium-in-pactbangalore-metro/370404/|title=Alstom-led consortium in pact with Bangalore Metro|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=18 September 2009|accessdate=3 May 2010}}</ref>


The integrated control centre at Byappanahalli has direct communication with trains and stations are [[CCTV]] fitted with visual and audio service information.<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/NAMMA-METRO-IS-A-GEEK-TRAIN/articleshow/10372596.cms |title=NAMMA-METRO-IS-A-GEEK-TRAIN |work=The Times of India |date=16 October 2011 |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> Passengers have emergency voice communication with train staff.
The integrated control centre at Byappanahalli has direct communication with trains and stations are [[CCTV]] fitted with visual and audio service information.<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/NAMMA-METRO-IS-A-GEEK-TRAIN/articleshow/10372596.cms |title=NAMMA-METRO-IS-A-GEEK-TRAIN |work=The Times of India |date=16 October 2011 |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> Passengers have emergency voice communication with train staff.

Revision as of 10:54, 29 February 2016

Namma Metro
ನಮ್ಮ ಮೆಟ್ರೋ
File:Namma metro.png
Overview
Native nameನಮ್ಮ ಮೆಟ್ರೋ
OwnerBangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (BMRC)
LocaleBangalore, Karnataka, India
Transit typeMetro
Number of lines2 (operational)
2 additional lines (planned)
Number of stations25 (operational)
35 (Phase I finish-May 2016)[1]
102 (Phase II finish-Dec 2019)[2]
Daily ridership50,000 (June 2015)[3]
Chief executivePradeep Singh Kharola, MD
HeadquartersBMTC Complex, Shanthinagar, Bangalore
Websitebmrc.co.in
Operation
Began operation20 October 2011 (2011-10-20)
Train length3 coaches
Headway10–15 minutes
Technical
System length25.5 km (15.8 mi) (current)[4]
42.3 km (26.3 mi) (Phase I)[5]
114.39 km (71.08 mi) (Phase II)
No. of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC third rail
Average speed34 km/h (21 mph)[6]
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)

Namma Metro (literally "Our Metro"), also known as Bangalore Metro, is a metro system for the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The agency responsible for its implementation is the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL), a joint venture of the Government of India and the Government of Karnataka.[7] The first stretch (Reach 1) of the Purple Line between Baiyyappanahalli and Mahatma Gandhi Road was inaugurated on 20 October 2011.[8][9] Reach 3 & 3A of the Green Line between Sampige Road and Peenya Industry was inaugurated on 1 March 2014;[10][11] Reach 3B of the Green Line between Peenya Industry and Nagasandra opened on 1 May 2015.[12][13] Reach 2 on the Purple Line between Mysore Road and Magadi Road was inaugurated on 16 November 2015.[14]

Current network

Namma Metro is being built in phases. Currently, a portion of Phase I has been completed and is in operation. The operational portion of the Namma Metro is listed below:

Line First
operational 		Most recent
extension 		Stations[15] Length[4]
(km) 		Terminals
Purple Line 20 October 2011 16 November 2015 12 13.1 Baiyyappanahalli
Magadi Road 		Mahatma Gandhi Road
Mysore Road
Green Line 1 March 2014 1 May 2015 13 12.4 Sampige Road Nagasandra
Total 25 25.5

Purple Line

Main article: Purple Line (Namma Metro)

The first 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi), 6-station stretch (Reach 1) of the Purple Line between Baiyappanahalli and Mahatma Gandhi Road opened on 20 October 2011,[8] and was the inaugural section of the Namma Metro.[9] The second 6.4-kilometre (4.0 mi), 6-station stretch (Reach 2) of the Purple Line between Mysore Road and Magadi Road opened on 16 November 2015.[14]

When complete, the Purple Line will connect Baiyappanahalli in the east to Mysore Road in the west, covering a distance of 18.1 kilometres (11.2 mi),[16] and serving 17 stations.[15] It will be partly elevated and partly underground, with one station at grade.

Green Line

Main article: Green Line (Namma Metro)

The first 9.9-kilometre (6.2 mi), 10-station stretch (Reach 3/3A) of the Green Line opened 1 March 2014.[10][11] The stretch connected Sampige Road to Peenya Industry.[17] The second 2.5-kilometre (1.6 mi), 3-station stretch (Reach 3B) of the Green Line, operating between Peenya Industry and Nagasandra, opened 1 May 2015.[12][13]

The Green Line will be the second line of the Metro and when complete it will connect Nagasandra in the north to Putenhalli in the south, covering a distance of 24.2 kilometres (15.0 mi),[16] and serving 24 stations.[15] It will be partly elevated and partly underground, with one station at grade.

Background and planning

The DMRC submitted the DPR for Phase I of the Namma Metro project to the BMRCL in May 2003. The final approval on a scheme that incorporated the expertise of DMRC and RITES Limited did not come until April 2006.[18] The DPR prepared by DMRC envisaged a 33 km (21 mi) elevated and underground rail network with 32 stations for Phase I of the project. The proposed gauge was standard gauge unlike the broad gauge on the Delhi Metro network. The rationale for the metro includes reduced journey times, cutting fuel use, accident reduction and lower pollution.[citation needed]

It is planned that Phase I of Namma Metro will ultimately cover a total of 42.30 kilometres (26.28 mi) and will be completed by the end of 2015. The planned Phase II will span a length of 72.1 kilometres (44.8 mi), and has an approximate compilation date of December 2019. The entire network after completion of phase 2 is as given below.

Phase I

Map of Phase I of the Namma Metro.

Phase I comprises two lines spanning a length of 42.30 kilometres (26.28 mi), of which about 8.82 kilometres (5.48 mi) is underground and about 33.48 kilometres (20.80 mi) is elevated.[16] There are 40 stations in Phase I, of which 7 stations are underground, 2 at grade and 31 are elevated.[6][19] Chief Minister Siddaramaiah informed the Legislative Assembly in January 2014, that the total project cost is expected to be ₹138.45 billion (US$1.7 billion) due to cost escalation following delays in meeting the deadlines. The delays result in a cost escalation of ₹34.73 billion (US$420 million).

Line[20] Elevated length (km) Underground length (km) Total length (km) % of length on curves Stations
Purple Line 13.28 4.82 18.10 44.30 % 17
Green Line 20.20 4.00 24.20 39.70 % 24
Total 33.48 8.82 42.30 - 41
Rake interchange line 0 0.35 0.35 100% 0

Implementation of Phase I has been divided into 4 "reaches" and 2 underground sections. It will be fully opened for service from March 2016. The schedule for completion of Phase I is as follows:[citation needed]

Section Length (km)[4] Termini Opening date
Reach 1 (east) 6.7 Baiyyappanahalli Mahatma Gandhi Road 20 October 2011
Reach 2 (west) 6.4 Mysore Road Magadi Road 16 November 2015[14][21]
Underground UG1 (east to west) 4.8 Mahatma Gandhi Road Magadi Road March 2016[22]
Reach 3 (north) 5.1 Sampige Road Yeswanthpur 1 March 2014[11]
Reach 3A (north) 4.8 Yeswanthpur Peenya Industry 1 March 2014[11]
Reach 3B (north) 2.5 Peenya Industry Nagasandra 1 May 2015[12][13]
Underground UG1 (north to south) 4.0 Sampige Road National College June 2016[21]
Reach 4 (south) 4.1 National College Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road April 2016[23]
Reach 4A (south) 3.9 Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road Puttenahalli April 2016[23]

Construction work for Phase I of the project was scheduled to start in 2005 but was delayed by a February 2006 change of government in Karnataka and continued debate over whether the project was financially feasible and appropriate for the city. Finally, on 25 April 2006 the Indian Cabinet approved the project, which was then budgeted at more than ₹54 billion (US$650 million) (Later revised to ₹116.09 billion (US$1.4 billion) for Phase I).[24] In 2006, Navayuga Engineering was awarded the contract to construct Reach 1 of the East-West corridor.[25] The foundation stone for the Phase I construction was laid by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 24 June 2006,[26] and civil construction on Reach I of the line, between M.G. Road and Baiyyappanahalli, commenced on 15 April 2007.[27][28] The DPRs for a northern extension (from Yeshwanthapura to Hesaraghatta Cross) and part of the southern extension (from RV Road to Puttenahalli) was submitted in October 2007 and June 2008 respectively.[6] In 2007, the BMRCL announced that it would incorporate a northern extension (from Yeshwanthapura to Hesaraghatta Cross) and part of the southern extension (from RV Road to Puttenahalli) in Phase I, thus extending the length of Phase I network to about 42 km (26 mi), with 40 stations. The objective was to connect the metro to the Outer Ring Road at both ends, and also cover the industrial areas of Peenya in the north-west, thereby providing better connectivity and increasing ridership.[citation needed] In October 2008, the Government of Karnataka approved this extension, which would cost an additional ₹15.92 billion (US$190 million).[29]

Underground construction

The underground work of Phase I commenced in May 2011. Each corridor consists of two tunnels which are the first underground tunnels built for trains in South India. The tunnels, dug using tunnel boring machines (TBM), are located approximately 60 feet below ground level, have a diameter of 5.5metres and are 5metres apart.[30][31][32][33][34] [35] A total of 6 TBMs were used for work in the underground section of phase I. They were nicknamed Helen (TBM 1), Margarita (TBM 2), Kaveri (TBM 3), Krishna and Godaveri.[36]

Underground UG1 (east to west corridor) tunneling work was completed on 17 March 2014 after tunnel boring machine Helen (TBM 1) finished its task of tunneling 229m between Bangalore City railway station underground (UG) station and Kempegowda UG station (Majestic). Track-work & 3rd rail electrification works are completed on the 4.8 km eastbound tunnel of Bangalore metro’s Purple line between Cubbon Park and Magadi Road, and the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL) began end to end trials on the entire 18.1 km Purple line which stretches from Baiyappanahalli to Mysore Road on 23 Nov 2015.[37]

Phase II

Proposed new lines and extensions to existing lines – under Phase 2

The State Government accorded approval vide Order No. UDD 127 BMR 2010 dated 4 January 2011 for preparation of the detailed project report (DPR) for Phase II by the DMRC.[6][38] The high power committee (HPC), in July 2011, gave in-principle clearance to proceed with Phase II.[39] The Karnataka government gave in-principle approval to Phase II of the Namma Metro project on 3 January 2012.[40][41] Phase II was cleared by the expenditure finance committee (EFC) in August 2013.[42] The Union cabinet announced that it has approved plans for phase II on January 30, 2014.[43] The estimated total cost for Phase II is around ₹264.05 billion (US$3.2 billion).[44] The project cost of ₹264.05 billion (US$3.2 billion) is the 2011–12 price level, which it is set to escalate at 5 per cent every year with increasing cost of inputs. The Union government will share that part of cost escalation due to increase in central levies, while the Karnataka State and BMRCL have to bear any other escalation. According to the experts, the total project cost for Phase II is estimated to reach at least ₹300.00 billion (US$3.6 billion) at the start of construction itself.[citation needed]

Phase II spans a length of 72.095 km – 13.79 km underground, 0.48 km at grade and 57.825 km elevated, and adds 61 stations to the network, of which 12 are underground.[45] Phase 2 includes the extension of the two Phase 1 corridors, as well as the construction of two new lines. The south-end of the Green Line will be extended from Puttenahalli to Anjanapura Township along the Kanakapura Road and the north-end from Hesarghatta Cross to Bangalore International Exhibition Center (BIEC) on Tumkur Road (NH-4). The east-end of the Purple Line will be extended from Baiyappanahalli to Whitefield and the west-end from Mysore Road to Kengeri. A new 18.82 km long fully elevated R V Road – Bommasandra line will be constructed under Phase 2. The second new line is the 21.25 km Gottigere–Nagawara line. The line is mostly underground (13.79 km), but also has a 6.98 km elevated and 0.48 km at-grade sections. There are 18 stations on the line, of which 12 are underground and 6 are elevated.[6]

Phase II consists of extensions for all four reaches of the metro and two new lines.[46][47]

Line Terminals Length New Stations Expected Work Completion date
■ Purple Line Mysore Road – Kengeri 6.465 km 5 December 2019
■ Purple Line Baiyyappanahalli – Whitefield 15.50 km 13 December 2019
■ Green Line Puttenahalli – Anjanapura 6.29 km 5 December 2019
■ Green Line Hesaraghatta cross – BIEC 3.77 km 3 December 2019
■ Line 3 R V Road – Bommasandra 18.80 km 16 December 2019
■ Line 4 Gottigere – Nagavara 21.25 km 18 December 2019

Construction

Construction of the second phase will begin after completion of the first phase.[48] On 28 February 2014, the Chief Minister Siddaramaiah said the work will be completed within five years.[49] The corporation has already begun the process of identifying land required for viaducts and coordinating with the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB) to issue the land acquisition notifications.[citation needed]

Phase III

The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase III is being prepared by RITES. 133 km phase 3 of metro will connect Nagawara and Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) by a 25-km line; Sarjapur Layout (station, Carmelaram) and Yelahanka (station, Kogilu Road Cross) by a 35-km line covering Central College, Palace Guttahalli, Mekhri Circle and Hebbal; and a 17-km line from the Nice Ring Road to Toll Gate via Magadi Road.

High-speed rail link to airport

There was a proposal to build a 33 km line known as Bangalore High-Speed Rail Link, from MG Road to Bengaluru International Airport (BIA), at a cost of ₹57.67 billion (US$690 million).[50] Previously, there was plan for an independent body, but later it was decided that BMRC will manage this project.[51]

This project has now been scrapped keeping in mind its viability and cost. An airport metro extension from Nagavara to BIAL might be considered for inclusion in Phase III.

Opening

Namma Metro was originally scheduled to begin operations in March 2010. Deadlines for completion were repeatedly missed,[52] and the metro was finally opened to the public on 20 October 2011 by Union Urban Development Minister Kamal Nath.[53] There was an overwhelming response to the metro at the commencement of operations. As per BMRCL sources within first 3 days of operations 169,019 people used this mass transit system.[54] At the end of 4th day about 200,000 passengers had already commuted in Namma Metro. Namma Metro's first 12-day cumulative revenue was ₹10 million (US$120,000).[55]

The State Government removed N Sivasailam as MD of Namma Metro on 10 August 2013. He was replaced by Pradeep Singh Kharola.[56][57][58] The Green Line (Reach 3, 3A & 3B) was initially scheduled to be opened for the public by the end of 2012. However, according to the BMRCL, because of the time taken by the Indian Railways to approve works at Swastik Station and Malleswaram 66-metre metro viaduct, the Green Line was expected to open only in April–May 2013. However, the timelines were delayed further.[citation needed]

The line was opened to the public at 6 am on 1 March 2014.[59] BMRCL Managing Director Pradeep Singh Kharola stated that about 25,000 passengers travelled on the line on opening day.[11] In the first month of operations, 7.62 lakh people at an average of 24,605 people daily used the line, generating a revenue of ₹1.5 crore (US$180,000).[60]

Finances

Funding

The Union Cabinet approved Phase I of the Namma Metro in April 2006 when it was estimated to cost ₹54 billion (US$650 million). The cost escalated to ₹116.09 billion (US$1.4 billion) as various problems delayed the completion.[61] BMRCL received ₹7 billion (US$84 million) from Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO), ₹250 million (US$3.0 million) from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 23% from the Central Government, 33% from the State Government and the rest as a ₹49.05 billion (US$590 million) loan from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[62][63]

On 3 January 2012, the Karnataka government approved a budget of ₹270 billion (US$3.2 billion) for Phase II of Namma Metro project. It was initially expected to cost around ₹250 billion (US$3.0 billion).[64] On 27 March 2012, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed an agreement to lend $250 million to BMRC to part-finance Phase II of the metro rail project. The loan marked the multilateral lending agency's foray into the urban transport sector in South Asia, the ADB said in a press release.[65] The loan, approved by the ADB Board in March 2011, is the first ADB loan to the urban transport sector without recourse to sovereign guarantees.[66] The State and Central Governments will bear 30% and 20% of the project cost of Phase II respectively. The remaining amount will be obtained through senior term loans.[67]

BMRCL announced plans on 13 June 2013 to issue 10-year bonds.[68] The proposed bonds received a credit rating of "IND AA" from India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra),[69] a Chennai-based research company.[70] Namma Metro MD N. Sivasailam announced on 3 August 2013 that the issue of bonds would be postponed as the market was volatile. Sivasailam stated that the metro would "be in the market soon and when it is stable."[71]

Revenues and Profits

During the first month, since the opening of Reach I, about 1325,000 people travelled by the metro.[72] On average, 41,390 people took the train every day, while the average daily revenue was ₹667,262. The BMRC earned a revenue of ₹21 million (US$250,000) in its first month of operation.[73] In the first six months of operation, average ridership went down to 24,968. The BMRC earned a total of ₹66 million (US$790,000) during the same period.[74]

Namma Metro posted a profit of ₹4.1 million (US$49,000) after almost one year of operating Reach I. BMRCL estimates that nearly 8 million passengers travelled on the system, in its first year of operations.[75]

Infrastructure

Purple Line train
Interior of the Metro coach
Interior of the Metro coach on inauguration day
File:Namma Metro Station.jpg
MG Road Station at night

Rolling stock

The specification for rolling stock is based on stainless steel-bodied three-car formations, a trailer between two motored driving units. Internal wide gangways provide ease of passenger movement and assist in load distribution. Trains are air-conditioned throughout with designated space for disability access. Although with many automated functions, trains are under driver control.

The capacity per train is approximately 1,000 through longitudinal seating, giving a high proportion of the floor area to standing passengers. The maximum attainable speed is 80 km/h (50 mph).[citation needed]

Initially the bids by Bombardier and Siemens, Alstom Projects India Ltd and consortium comprising BEML, Mitsubishi and Hyundai Rotem were shortlisted to supply the rolling stock and coaches. In February 2009, the BEML-led consortium was awarded the contract to supply 150 coaches and rolling stock for the first phase of the project. While Mitsubishi would supply the traction for the coaches, Hyundai Rotem would supply the rolling stock and BEML would supply the coaches for Phase I.[76]

The first trainset made a trial run in December 2010.[77]

Track gauge: Bangalore metro uses standard gauge unlike Delhi Metro. But, the recent studies[by whom?] [citation needed] have found that broad-gauge is suited for Indian conditions as well as long term economical feasibility as India has growing population. Indian metro trains with standard gauge does not provide seating facility and favoured towards standing travel. Ahmedabad Metro has chosen driverless technology and broad gauge as it provides comfort to the passengers.[78] Bangalore metro has not migrated from standard gauge to broad gauge for new lines in the Phase-2 or Phase-3 of the project. It has however, as a reply to an RTI application, defended the decision to use Standard Gauge.[79]

All metro trains are Wi-Fi enabled (the first metro in India to have this feature), so passengers can use laptops, tablets as well as mobile internet.[80] The free Wi-Fi service was made available to commuters on 31 July 2013.[81] Passengers also have emergency voice communication with train staff through a speaker system. Passengers are provided with a call button to communicate anything to the driver or control center during an emergency.[80] Yellow textured tiles are used at all stations to guide the visually impaired through the station.[82]

Power supply

The power for the system is 750 V DC bottom contact third rail supply. In December 2009, the ABB Group was awarded the contract to provide power solutions for the first phase of the planned metro network. ABB will design, supply, install and commission four substations that receive and distribute electricity, each rated at 66/33 kV, as well as the auxiliary and traction substations. ABB will also provide an integrated network management, or SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), system to monitor and control the installations.[83]

Signaling

In September 2009, the consortium led by Alstom Project India Limited were awarded a contract worth ₹5,634 million (US$67.5 million) to supply control and signalling system for the first phase of the project. The consortium is led by Alstom and composed of Alstom Transport SA, Thales Group Portugal S A and Sumitomo Corporation. Alstom will provide the design, manufacture, supply, installing, testing and commissioning of the train control and signalling system and Thales will provide the design, installing, testing and commissioning of the telecommunication system for Phase I of the metro system. It includes the Urbalis 200 Automatic Train Control system which will ensure optimal safety, flexible operations and heightened passenger comfort.[84][85]

The integrated control centre at Byappanahalli has direct communication with trains and stations are CCTV fitted with visual and audio service information.[80] Passengers have emergency voice communication with train staff.

Stations

Main article: List of Namma Metro stations

Initially, there were no toilets at Namma Metro stations, despite demand from commuters. BMRCL countered the demand by arguing that constructing toilets was not part of the metro construction plan, and that building toilets in the city was the responsibility of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). They also justified the decision by saying that commuters spent "hardly five minutes" at stations, so restrooms were not required, and also that none of the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) bus stops in the city had toilets for passengers. However, BMRCL eventually heeded public demand, and the metro's first toilets were opened at Baiyappanahalli and Indiranagar stations on 21 June 2013.[86]

Safety

As of February 2014, BMRCL has two road-cum-rail rescue vehicles that can be used to perform evacuations or re-load derailed trains back onto the track.[87]

The trains are equipped with derailment prevention equipment, and the tracks are equipped with concrete barriers to prevent trains from leaving the viaduct. The support pillars are earthquake proof and are designed to have a lifespan of at least 100 years. Trains are equipped with sensors to detect impending collisions, and have automatic braking systems to prevent speed limits from being exceeded.[88]

Rainwater harvesting

BMRCL, in a public-private partnership, harvests rainwater from the viaducts on the rail system. The private partner, Karnataka Rural Infrastructure Development (KRIDL), collects the water at multiple points, treats it, and sells it in bulk as potable water.[89] Around 80 million litres of water are expected to be collected annually.[90]

BMRCL also plans to harvest rainwater from the 140 acre depot facility at Peenya. Water will be collected from the 190,000 sq foot roof and stored in two tanks with a capacity of 50,000 litres each. Rainwater harvesting is also planned in the existing and under-construction stations. The water harvested will be supplied to places where needed, and any excess will be used for groundwater recharge.[90]

BMRC has installed a water harvesting system along Reach 1 and will be doing the same for Reaches 3 & 4. Installation of flower beds was delayed due to garbage being dumped on the median by garbage collectors, BMRC will also set up flower beds on Reach 1 with assistance from the horticulture department. However, the work related to this has slowed down due to garbage contractors dumping garbage along the median, due to the lack of a waste management plan in the city.[91] BMRC will rejuvenate Kengeri and Veerasandra lakes using water collected from a nearby corridor.[92][93]

Operations

Fare collection

The obverse of an entry token issued
Bangalore Metro Ticket(Token)-Kempegowda Tower Symbol view

MIFARE DESFire platform, developed by NXP Semiconductors, was selected to manage the Automated Fare Collection (AFC) in Namma Metro.[94]

The system uses contactless smart tokens and contactless smart card.[95] Tokens are available only for a single journey.[96] Smart cards can be used for multiple journeys.[96] There are 4 types of smart cards available on the metro – Varshik, Sanchar, Saral and Saraag.[97]

  • Varshik is priced at ₹100. It is valid for a year, and provides a 15% discount on fares. The card can be recharged.
  • Sanchar is available in denominations of ₹10, ₹40, ₹50 and ₹100.
  • Saral costs ₹70. It permits one day's travel on BMTC non-air-conditioned buses and on the metro.
  • Saraag costs ₹110. It permits one day's travel on BMTC air-conditioned buses and on the metro.[98]

BMRCL began selling tokens through automatic ticket vending machines (ATVMs) on 4 December 2012 at the MG Road, Indiranagar and Baiyyappanahalli stations. The service will eventually be expanded to all metro stations. The touchscreen enabled ATVMs are available in 3 languages – English, Kannada and Hindi. Commuters can purchase a single journey token by selecting the destination station or the amount in the ATVM. They can also add value or add trips to the contactless smart card. Commuters can purchase up to 8 tickets at a time and can get the receipt print for card recharge. ATVMs accept coins of ₹5 and ₹10 denominations and ₹10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 denominations of currency notes. However, the ATVM cannot differentiate between ₹1 and ₹2 coins.[99][100]

Approximately 68% of passengers on the metro use smart tokens and 32% use smart cards.[75]

Frequency

The metro service runs between 06:00 and 22:00 hours. There are trains every 15 minutes between 06:00 and 08:00, every 10 minutes between 08:00 and 20:00, and every 15 minutes between 20:00 and 22:00.[101] The frequency is slated to increase to once in every three minutes by 2021. The end-to-end travel time on the Purple Line will be 33 minutes, and on the Green Line will be 44 minutes.

Metro services have occasionally operated beyond 2200 hours. Services are usually extended on festival days or when a major cricket match is held in Bangalore.[102][103]

Speed

The system is designed for a maximum train speed of 80 km/h. However, the Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO) fixed the speed at which trains are allowed commercially operate at 67.50 km/h on straight sections, 35 km/h on curves, and 45 km/h in stations.[104]

Laws

The Bangalore Metro Rail (Carriage and Ticket) Rules 2011 limit the weight of personal baggage to 15 kg. Rule 3 says: “No person shall, while travelling in metro railway, carry with him any goods other than a small baggage containing personal belongings not exceeding 60cm x 45cm x 25cm in size and 15kg in weight, except with the prior approval of the metro railway administration.” The rules also prohibit carrying explosive, inflammable, and poisonous substances.[105]

The Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002, imposes fines and in some cases jail sentences for offences committed on the metro. Anyone indulging in sabotaging the train or maliciously hurting or attempting to hurt other passengers while travelling in the metro can face imprisonment up to 10 years. Pasting posters or drawing graffiti on the walls of stations or trains is punishable by a fine of ₹1,000 or imprisonment for up to 6 months. Travelling in an inebriated state or creating nuisance in the train is punishable by a ₹500 fine.[106] Passengers are monitored at security checkpoints and those that are causing trouble, heavily drunk, or carrying forbidden items are not permitted to board.[107] Spitting on the metro premises is punishable by a fine of ₹100.[108]

Security

Currently baggage is manually searched by security guards hired by BMRCL. Bangalore City Police are in charge of external security of metro installations. Plans are underway to install three baggage scanners each at Baiyappanahalli, Swami Vivekananda Road and Indiranagar stations and two each at M.G. Road, Trinity and Halasuru stations. There are attendants and multiple security guards on each platform, and photography is strictly prohibited.[109]

Mobile app

The BMRC launched a Namma Metro app for Android devices in 2013. However, it had limited features. The agency intends to launch a new app once Phase I is complete.[110]

Gallery

  • Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
    Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
  • Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
    Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
  • MG Road Metro Station
    MG Road Metro Station
  • Inside MG Road Metro Station
    Inside MG Road Metro Station
  • Completed section of the purple line towards Baiyyappanahalli
    Completed section of the purple line towards Baiyyappanahalli
  • Namma Metro along MG Road
    Namma Metro along MG Road

See also

References

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External links

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