Pakatan Harapan
Alliance of Hope Pakatan Harapan ڤاكتن هارڤن 希望联盟 பாக்காத்தான் ஹரப்பான | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PH |
| Chairman | Mahathir Mohamad |
| Leader | Anwar Ibrahim |
| President | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail |
| Deputy Presidents | Lim Guan Eng Mohamad Sabu Muhyiddin Yassin |
| Vice-Presidents | Chong Chieng Jen Mohamed Azmin Ali Salahuddin Ayub Mukhriz Mahathir M. Kulasegaran Christina Liew[1] |
| Founded | 22 September 2015 |
| Legalised | 16 May 2018[2] |
| Preceded by | Pakatan Rakyat |
| Headquarters | Kuala Lumpur (DAP and AMANAH) Petaling Jaya (PKR) Putrajaya (BERSATU) |
| Newspaper | The Rocket Roketkini Suara Keadilan Suara Amanah Keadilan Daily |
| Student wing | Mahasiswa Pakatan Harapan |
| Youth wing | Pemuda Pakatan Harapan[3][4] |
| Women's wing | Wanita Pakatan Harapan[5] |
| Ideology | Social democracy Social liberalism Progressivism Reformism |
| Political position | Centre to Centre-left |
| Colours | Red |
| Slogan | Pakatan Harapan Rakyat |
| Dewan Negara: | 22 / 70 |
| Dewan Rakyat: | 126 / 222 |
| Dewan Undangan Negeri: | 272 / 591 |
| Election symbol | |
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| Website | |
| pakatanharapan | |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Malaysia |
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The Alliance of Hope (Malay: Pakatan Harapan; abbrev: PH) is a political coalition in Malaysia. It is a successor to Pakatan Rakyat (the other being Gagasan Sejahtera). It was established in 2015 as an opposition to the former-ruling Barisan Nasional. It is the largest bloc in the Dewan Rakyat and is the current ruling party of Malaysia. The coalition is allied with the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) and the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) in the state of Sabah. At the state level, the coalition is the largest party in 8 of 13 state legislative assemblies and forms the government in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, Johor and Sabah.[note 1] Pakatan Harapan also form a government with two-thirds majority in the states of Penang, Selangor and Johor.
The coalition was formed on 22 September 2015, consisting of the Democratic Action Party, People's Justice Party, National Trust Party and Malaysian United Indigenous Party.[6] The coalition was formed as an alliance of centre-left to centre-right parties to contest the 2018 Malaysian general election. The coalition contested the election under the logo of a component party, the People's Justice Party (PKR), due to inability to register as an official coalition.
After the 2018 general elections, Pakatan Harapan chairman Mahathir Mohamad was appointed as the Prime Minister of Malaysia while its president, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, was appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister. Mahathir Mohamad became the first prime minister from Pakatan Harapan, and the first prime minister to have tenures with two different parties.
History
Formation
Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party (PKR), the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). Pakatan Harapan was founded on 22 September 2015, two years after the 2013 general election, due to disagreements and conflicts between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the issue of the implementation of the sharia law, resulting in PAS splitting off from Pakatan Rakyat and the break-up of the coalition on 16 June 2015.[7][8] The dissolution resulted in the formation of a new coalition named Pakatan Harapan, consisting the former Pakatan Rakyat parties, PKR and DAP, and a PAS split-off party, the National Trust Party (AMANAH).[9][10]
On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) split-off party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), founded and led by former Malaysian Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining the opposition bloc Pakatan Harapan.[11][12] Later, on 13 December, the party formed an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan,[13] and finally on 14 March 2017, BERSATU officially joined Pakatan Harapan as a member party.[14]
2018 general election
On 14 July 2017, the Presidential council line-up was confirmed. A common logo was also introduced with the word “Harapan” with the “A” shaped as a chevron in white on a red background. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but the use of the logo and registration of the coalition was denied by the Election Commission.[15] To pursue the coalition's plan to contest under a common logo, Pakatan announced that the PKR logo will be used by all component parties of the coalition as its election symbol in the elections,[16] excluding for DAP who chose to contest under their own party flag in Sabah and Sarawak.[17][18][19]
The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) for the 2018 general election. WARISAN's president, Shafie Apdal, promised that the party would be represented on the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power,[20] adding that through the electoral pact they will only co-operate with Pakatan as an ally, and not joining the pact as a component party since they will only contest in Sabah, not in Peninsular Malaysia.[21] Following the victory of Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN in the general election, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) announced that they have left Barisan Nasional and will form a new Sabah state government with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan.[22] UPKO and WARISAN are currently both the allies for Pakatan Harapan since both parties are also allied towards each others in Sabah.[23]
Registration
On 16 May 2018, the coalition was officially registered.[24]
Member parties
| Flag | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | Seats contested |
2018 result | Current seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | Composition | ||||||||
|
style="background:Template:People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/color;"| | PKR | People's Justice Party Parti Keadilan Rakyat |
Progressivism | Anwar Ibrahim | 71 | 16.937% | 47 / 222
|
50 / 125
| |
|
style="background:Template:Democratic Action Party/meta/color;"| | DAP | Democratic Action Party Parti Tindakan Demokratik |
Social democracy | Lim Guan Eng | 47 | 17.365% | 42 / 222
|
42 / 125
| |
|
style="background:Template:Malaysian United Indigenous Party/meta/color;"| | BERSATU | Malaysian United Indigenous Party Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia |
Social conservatism | Mahathir Mohamad | 52 | 5.948% | 13 / 222
|
13 / 125
| |
|
style="background:Template:National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/color;"| | AMANAH | National Trust Party Parti Amanah Negara |
Islamic modernism | Mohamad Sabu | 34 | 5.426% | 11 / 222
|
11 / 125
| |
| Allied parties | ||||||||||
| — | style="background:Template:Sabah Heritage Party/meta/color;"| | WARISAN | Sabah Heritage Party Parti Warisan Sabah |
Sabahan Regionalism | Shafie Apdal | 17 | 2.322% | 8 / 222
|
8 / 125
| |
|
style="background:Template:United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation/meta/color;"| | UPKO | United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation Pertubuhan Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Bersatu |
Sabahan Regionalism | Madius Tangau | 4 (under BN) |
0.472% | 1 / 222
|
1 / 125
| |
| Strategic partners | ||||||||||
| — | HINDRAF | Hindu Rights Action Force Barisan Bertindak Hak-Hak Hindu |
Hindu nationalism | Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy | - | - | 0 / 222
|
0 / 125
| ||
| — | MIRA | Minority Rights Action Party Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti |
Liberal democracy | S. Gobi Krishnan | - | - | 0 / 222
|
0 / 125
| ||
Leadership Structure
|
|
Elected representatives
Dewan Negara (Senate)
Senators
- His Majesty's appointee:
- Liew Chin Tong (DAP)
- Marzuki Yahya (BERSATU)
- Mohd. Radzi Md. Jidin (BERSATU)
- Raja Kamarul Bahrin (AMANAH)
- Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy (HINDRAF)
- Monalan Mohamad (PKR)
- Mohamad Imran Abdul Hamid (PKR)
- Alan Ling Sie Kiong (DAP)
- Adrian Banie Lasimbang (DAP)
- Razali Idris (BERSATU)
- Md. Nasir Hashim (BERSATU)
- Husam Musa (AMANAH)
- Raj Munni Sabu (AMANAH)
- Theodore Douglas Lind (WARISAN)
- Penang State Legislative Assembly:
- Yusmadi Yusoff (PKR)
- Lim Hui Ying (DAP)
- Perak State Legislative Assembly:
- Ismail Yusop (PKR)
- Nga Hock Cheh (DAP)
- Selangor State Legislative Assembly:
- Mohd. Nor Monutty (PKR)
- Chandra Mohan Thambirajah (DAP)
- Sabah State Legislative Assembly:
- Lucas Umbul (UPKO)
Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)
Members of Parliament of the 14th Malaysian Parliament
Pakatan Harapan has 126 members in the House of Representatives. (with allied parties)
Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
State election results
| State election | State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perlis State Legislative Assembly | Kedah State Legislative Assembly | Kelantan State Legislative Assembly | Terengganu State Legislative Assembly | Penang State Legislative Assembly | Perak State Legislative Assembly | Pahang State Legislative Assembly | Selangor State Legislative Assembly | Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly | Malacca State Legislative Assembly | Johor State Legislative Assembly | Sabah State Legislative Assembly | Sarawak State Legislative Assembly | Total won / Total contested | |
| 2/3 majority | 2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
2 / 3 |
|
| 2016 | 10 / 82 |
|||||||||||||
| 2018 | 3 / 15 |
18 / 36 |
0 / 45 |
0 / 32 |
37 / 40 |
30 / 59 |
9 / 42 |
51 / 56 |
20 / 36 |
15 / 28 |
39 / 56 |
40 / 60 |
241 / 587
| |
Pakatan Harapan state governments
| State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Johor |
Menteri Besar | Osman Sapian | BERSATU | Template:Nseat | |
 Kedah |
Menteri Besar | Mukhriz Mahathir | BERSATU | Template:Nseat | |
 Malacca |
Chief Minister | Adly Zahari | AMANAH | Template:Nseat | |
 Negeri Sembilan |
Menteri Besar | Aminuddin Harun | PKR | Template:Nseat | |
 Penang |
Chief Minister | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | Template:Nseat | |
 Perak |
Menteri Besar | Ahmad Faizal Azumu | BERSATU | Template:Nseat | |
 Sabah |
Chief Minister | Shafie Apdal | WARISAN | Template:Nseat | |
 Selangor |
Menteri Besar | Amirudin Shari | PKR | Template:Nseat | |
General Election Results
| Election | Total seats won | Seats | Total votes | Voting Percentage | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 125 / 222
|
56.34111% | 5,615,822 | 45.56% |  125 seats; Governing coalition
|
Mahathir Mohamad |
Notes
- ^ The state government of Sabah was formed with a confidence and supply agreement with WARISAN and UPKO.
References
- ^ Ram Anand (11 September 2017). "Pakatan Harapan adds two VPs to represent Indians, Sabahans". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ^ Yimie Yong (17 May 2018). "It's official! Pakatan gets its certificate of registration from RoS". The Star. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
- ^ Masriwanie Muhamading (12 May 2017). "Pakatan Harapan youth wings' economic model targeting 1mil jobs for youth". Astro Awani. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Senarai penuh Majlis Pimpinan Pemuda Pakatan Harapan" (in Malay). Astro Awani. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ "Wanita Pakatan pledges to raise women in politics, economy, social welfare". The Malaysian Insight. 11 October 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- ^ Melissa Goh (22 September 2015). "Malaysia's opposition band together under new Pakatan Harapan alliance". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Pakatan Rakyat Split Will Change Country's Political Landscape". Bernama. Malaysian Digest. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ Asrul Hadi Abdullah Sani (18 June 2015). "Break up of Malaysia's opposition bloc Pakatan Rakyat: What happened and what's next?". The Straits Times. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ Harits Asyraf Hasnan (22 September 2015). "New Pakatan Harapan coalition formed". Astro Awani. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ^ Shannon Teoh (23 September 2015). "Malaysia's opposition forms Pakatan Harapan alliance". The Straits Times. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ^ Melissa Goh (12 November 2016). "'The only way to win is to unite and contest under one party': Mahathir". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ Sheridan Mahavera (16 November 2016). "By courting rural Muslims, has Malaysia's opposition found key to winning power for first time in 60 years?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ Hana Naz Harun (13 December 2016). "PPBM officially signs agreement to join Pakatan Harapan". New Straits Times. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ^ "PPBM wants name change before joining Pakatan Harapan". Antara Pos. 14 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ "Dr Mahathir Mohamad is Pakatan chairman, Dr Wan Azizah made president". The Malay Mail. Today Online. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- ^ Rizalman Hamim; Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof (6 April 2018). "Pakatan to use PKR logo in GE14". New Straits Times. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
- ^ "Opposition Pact to unveil common logo for GE14 on Friday". New Straits Times. 5 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
In a press conference at Parliament lobby on Thursday, Lim Guan Eng however said the change will only be for peninsula in the polls and the four parties will not use the common Pakatan Harapan logo in Sabah and Sarawak for GE14 election campaign. They're different because they have autonomy. So we respect this and they can use the DAP rocket logo.
- ^ Julia Chan (6 April 2018). "Sabah, Sarawak Pakatan parties won't use common logo". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
This was a big decision for us, to be able to exercise our autonomy and decide for ourselves. We chose to use our own respective party flags. So, PKR, DAP and Amanah flags will be used here.
- ^ Sharon Ling (9 April 2018). "Sarawak DAP to use rocket logo for GE14". The Star. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
We have decided that DAP will use the rocket symbol while PKR and Amanah will both use the PKR logo.
- ^ "Warisan seals electoral pact with DAP and PKR". Malaysiakini. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018. (subscription required)
- ^ Suzianah Jiffar (2 April 2018). "Warisan will work only with Pakatan Harapan for GE14". New Straits Times. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ Tan Su Lin (10 May 2018). "UPKO umum keluar BN, wujud kerajaan campuran dengan Warisan" (in Malay). Astro Awani. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ^ "UPKO bentuk pakatan dengan Warisan" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ^ "Pakatan Harapan is officially registered". Free Malaysia Today. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
External links
- Official website
- Pakatan Harapan on Facebook
- Alternative federal budgets (2016, 2017, 2018)
