Kottayam
Kottayam
കോട്ടയം | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise from top: M C Mathew Memorial at Thirunakra, Aksharashilpam, Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral, Kodimatha Boat Jetty, CMS College, Government Medical College | |
| Nickname(s): Akshara Nagari (City of Alphabets) Chuvar Chitra Nagaram (City of Mural) | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kottayam |
| Established | 1924 |
| Official Language | Malayalam, English |
| Native Language | Malayalam |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Council |
| • Body | Kottayam Municipality |
| • Municipal Chairperson | P R Sona (INC) |
| Area | |
| • Municipal City | 137.6 km2 (53.1 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 55.2 km2 (21.3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Municipal City | 129,894 |
| • Density | 940/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 55,374 |
| Demonym | Kottayamkar |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 686 001 |
| Telephone code | Kottayam: 0481, Pala: 04822, Kanjirappally: 04828, Vaikom: 04829 |
| Vehicle registration | Kottayam: KL-05, Changanassery: KL-33, Kanjirappally: KL-34, Pala:KL-35, Vaikom:KL-36, Uzhavoor:KL-67 |
| Sex ratio | 1075 female(s)/1000 male(s)/ ♂/♀ |
| Literacy | 97.62 % |
| Website | kottayammunicipality |
Kottayam (koʊttɑːjəm) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala covering an area of 55.40 square kilometres (21.39 sq mi). It is the administrative capital of Kottayam district and is located in south-central Kerala with a city population of 129,894[1] and UA population of 55,374 according to the 2011 census[update].[2] Kottayam is known as the city of three 'L's - Literacy, Lakes and Latex.
It was one of the main centres of literature and hence was called Akshara Nagari or Land of Letters. Many of the first Malayalam dailies like Deepika, Malayala Manorama, Mangalam were started and are headquartered in Kottayam.Kottayam is the first city to achieve 100% literacy rate in India and thereby set a new record in 1989. During the British period, various missionaries, the Christian churches and St. Kuriakose Elias Chavara himself established many schools, colleges and other educational institutuions in and around the city.
Now, Kottayam enjoys the glory of being the first Tobacco-free city as well.The Kottayam Municipality was established in 1924.
Etymology
Kottayam district gets its name from the town of Kottayam, which serves as the headquarters of the district. The royal house of the Thekkumkoor ruler were protected by a fort called Thaliyilkotta. It is believed that the name Kottayam is derived from a combination of the Malayalam words kotta which means fort(Thalitilkotta) and akam which means inside. It can be translated as "the interior of the fort".[3][4] In the early days, the place was called Kottakam itself and the prounounciation changed to Kottayam simultaneously over time.
History
Thekkumkoor Rule (1100 AD-1753 AD)
From the beginning of the ninth century AD, the history of Thekkumkoor and of Kottayam are virtually indistinguishable. Kottayam then was a part of Vempolinad, an area in the Kulashekara Empire(800 – 1102 AD). By about 1100 AD, the Kingdom of Vempolinad had split into the Kingdoms of Thekkumkur and Vadakkumkur. After their separation, Thekkumkur became an independent kingdom, while Vedakkumkur became a vassal of Cochin.
The royal house originally situated in Vennimala in Kottayam. It was protected by a fort known as Thaliyilkotta and as a result the locality came to be known in the same name as the fort. On a later stage, Thekkumkoor kings shifted their headquarters to Nattassery near Kumaranallore at the outskirts of Kottayam town. It is also believed that the Thekkumkoor family ruled Kottayam from Thazhathangadi.
Later, the Portuguese and the Dutch established trade relations with both these kingdoms, dealing in black pepper and other spices.
After the subjugation of the Dutch by Travancore in 1742, military operations of Marthanda Varma progressed against the northern neighbouring kingdoms including Thekkumkoor. Though Thekkumkoor allied with Chempakassery and Vadakkumkoor to protect the kingdom, all of them were finally annexed to Travancore.[5] Another source sates that the ruler of Thekkumkur had sided first with the Kingdom of Kayamkulam and then with the principality of Ambalapuzha against Travancore under Marthanda Varma. After the fall of Ambalapuzha, and as the ruler of Thekkumkoorr refused to come to terms with Travancore, his capital city was taken on 11 September in 1750 by Ramayyan Dalawa, the general and prime minister of Marthanda Varma and the state was annexed to Travancore in 1753.
During British rule in India, Kottayam remained a part of the Princely State of Travancore.
British Rule
There existed no institution in the princely state of Travancore before the 1800's. The Church Missionary Society of England established the CMS College the first college in India. Rev.Benjamin Bailey (missionary) was the first principal of the CMS College, as it was then known, and the government of India welcomed the college as "a place of general education hence any demands of the state for officers to fill all departments of public service would be met"[6]
Kottayam has played its role in all the political agitations of modern times. The 'Malayali Memorial ' agitation may be said to have had its origin in Kottayam. The Malayali Memorial sought to secure better representation for educated Travancoreans in the Travancore civil service against persons from outside. The Memorial, which was presented to the Maharaja Sri Moolam Thirunal (1891) was drafted at a public meeting held in the Kottayam Public Library. The event marked the beginning of the modern political movement in the State.[3] [7] The people of Kottayam also played a major role during the Abstention Movement in the 1930s, which aimed at the representation of Hindus of the lower castes, Christians and Muslims in the Travancore Legislature.[3] The Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924 against untouchability, led by Mahatma Gandhi, took place in Vaikom near Kottayam.[3] It was the first systematically organized agitation in Kerala against caste system and primitive customs to secure the rights of the depressed classes.
Post Independence
Earlier, the state of Travancore consisted of two revenue divisions: southern and northern, under the administrative control of a 'Diwan Peshkar' for each.[citation needed] In 1868, Kottayam also became a revenue division of Travancore.[3] A fifth division, Devikulam, existed for a short period but was later added to Kottayam. At the time of the integration of the State of Travancore and Cochin in 1949, these revenue divisions were renamed as districts and the Diwan Peshkars gave way to District Collectors. As a result, in July 1949, Kottayam came into being as a district.[8] Later, it became a part of the state of Kerala, and the headquarters of the district bearing the same name when the state was formed in 1956.[citation needed]
Visit of Pope John Paul II
His Holiness, Pope John Paul II in his visit to India in 1986, came to Kottayam on February 8. The main event was the beatification of Saint Alphonsa, a Clarist nun and Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara, founder of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate, who were venerables at that time. The stage was arranged at Nehru Stadium at Nagambadom.[9] A huge structure was constructed for the beatification ceremony and this structure was later transplanted to Bharananganam church near Pala in the commemoration of His visit. He also inaugurated the restored the Holy Qurbana of the Syro Malabar Church during this event. About 8 lakh citizens witnessed the function.[10] This event along with other visits of His Holiness, made the India-Vatican relations stronger.
Geography
_22-Mar-2007_10-12-15_AM.jpg)
Kottayam has an average elevation of 3 metres (9.8 ft) above sea level.[11] and is situated in the basin of the Meenachil River and in the basin of the Vembanad backwaters, which are formed from several streams in the Western Ghats in Idukki district. According to the division of places in Kerala based on altitudes, Kottayam is classified as being a midland area. The general soil type is alluvial soil. The vegetation is mainly tropical evergreen and moist deciduous type.
Climate
The climate in this district is moderate and pleasant. Kottayam's proximity to the equator results in little seasonal temperature variation, with moderate to high levels of humidity. Annual temperatures range between 20 to 35 °C (68 to 95 °F).[citation needed] From June through September, the south-west monsoon brings in heavy rains, as Kottayam lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats. From October to December, Kottayam receives light rain from the northwest monsoon. The average annual rainfall is 3,200 millimetres (130 in).
Kottayam is bordered by Pathanamthitta district on the south, Alappuzha district on the west, Ernakulam district on the north and Idukki district on the east.
| Climate data for Kottayam | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32 (90) |
32 (90) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
32 (90) |
30 (86) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
30 (86) |
30 (86) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
24 (75) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22 (0.9) |
39 (1.5) |
60 (2.4) |
155 (6.1) |
320 (12.6) |
636 (25.0) |
596 (23.5) |
397 (15.6) |
292 (11.5) |
326 (12.8) |
210 (8.3) |
52 (2.0) |
3,105 (122.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 21 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 117 |
| Source: Weather2Travel | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 17,552 | — |
| 1911 | 15,141 | −13.7% |
| 1921 | 18,833 | +24.4% |
| 1931 | 25,236 | +34.0% |
| 1941 | 33,364 | +32.2% |
| 1951 | 44,204 | +32.5% |
| 1961 | 52,685 | +19.2% |
| 1971 | 59,714 | +13.3% |
| 1981 | 64,431 | +7.9% |
| 1991 | 89,625 | +39.1% |
| 2001 | 129,894 | +44.9% |
| 2011 | 172,878 | +33.1% |
Population
As of 2001[update] India census,[12] Kottayam Urban Agglomeration had a population of 172,878, while Kottayam district had a population of 19,52,901.The population of Kottayam municipality is 55,374. Males constitute 62% of the population and females make up 38%. Population growth in the district is in a diminishing trend and it had a decadal population growth rate of 6.5 per cent compared to 9.35 per cent for Kerala during 1991-2001 period.[13] The reason for the growth of population within the Kottayam Municipality is migration in search of jobs. Kottayam District is ranked 1st in literacy with a percentage of 95.9 compared to 90.92% for Kerala State and 65.38% for India (2001 census).[3] Presently, Kottayam city and district is ranked fourth in literacy in India with a tremendous literacy rate of 97.21%.
Caste and Religion
Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 6.73% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.31% of total population in Kottayam.[15] Christianity make the 39% of the Kottayam's population whereas Hinduism contributes 50% of the total population. Islam is ranked third in population with 9.71% and other religions and atheists make a negligible amount.
Occupational
Out of total population, 19,739 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 14,282 were males while 5,457 were females. In census survey, worker is defined as person who does business, job, service, and cultivator and labour activity. Of total 19739 working population, 90.17% were engaged in Main Work while 9.83% of total workers were engaged in Marginal Work.
Economy
Rubber Industry
One of the three L's of Kottayam City is Latex. Kottayam is a major trading center of natural rubber in India. Rubber trees are extensively cultivated in central Kerala, on plantations, both large and small especially in vast areas of Kottayam District, . The Rubber Board, a body set up by the Government of India for the development of the rubber industry, is located at Kottayam.[16] A number of small and medium-sized enterprises in and around the town are engaged in the processing of rubber latex and manufacturing of rubber products. Besides rubber, Kottayam is a trading place of other commercial crops like spices cultivated widely in the surrounding areas. The Plantation Corporation of Kerala has its headquarters at Kottayam.
Tourism
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Tourism is a major contributor to the economy as many tourism related businesses thrive in the town. Kumarakom, a popular tourist destination in Kerala, is located 14 km from the town. Wagamon, another tourist destination is located on the borders of the districts of Kottayam and Idukki. Illickal Kallu (ഇല്ലിക്കൽ കല്ല്)is the best trekking destination in Kottayam. Kottayam is known for religious tourism. There are many famous temples, churches and mosques within the district.
Culture
Cuisine
The cuisine of Kottayam is the same as rest of Kerala, but with a distinct Syrian Christian influence seen in the use of coconut and spices, as well as beef, pork and sea food in Kerala cuisine. But still it has a multitude of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. Rice is the staple food eaten twice or thrice a day. Luch dishes are most probably rice with curry. Most of the breakfast foods are made using either rice or wheat. There are many snacks like Achappam, Kozhallappam, banana chips, Neyyappam and so on. Tapioca is also one of the favourite food item among the people. Restaurants in the city also serve Kerala, Tamil and Northern cuisines. Kumarakom, the major backwater tourism destination on the outskirts of the city, has several luxury hotels and resorts including those of reputed hotel chains such as Taj, Zuri and Casino.
Cinema
There are several movie halls which screen Malayalam, English, Tamil and Hindi movies. Kottayam have 7 theaters where movies are released periodically. They are Abhilash, Anupama, Anaswara, Anand cinemax,dhanya,ramya and Asha. Recently Anand Theatre is awarded the best theatre in the state. Most of these theaters lie close to the K.S.R.T.C bus stand apart from Anaswara which is closer towards Thirunakkara bus stand (Private Bus Stand). Dhanya and Remya are the two newly built theatres which started working from 2011 onwards. Kottayam is also the homeland for many prominent actor in the Malayalan Film Industry, like Mammooty, VD Rajappan, Kottayam Nazir etx.
Arts
Margamkali and Arjuna Nritham are popular dance forms. Margamkali and martial arts such as Parichamuttukali are popular among the Syrian Christian community. It is performed by men and women separately. In the past, it was performed during Syrian Christian weddings. Arjuna Nritham, also known as Mayilpeeli Thookkam is a popular dance form performed by men. Besides these, other South Indian dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Mohiniyattom, and Kuchipudi and classical Carnatic music are also practiced by a large number of young people.
Chuvar Chitra Nagari
Chuvar Chitra Nagari or City of Mural was an initiative taken by the authorities of Kottayam and the Kerala Lalithakala Akademi to add a new tag to Kottayam and to preserve and promote this mural art culture of Kerala. She was the first city in India to be so. It was a huge success as it beautified the city through the murals. Public and governmental buildings like the police station, railway station, district hospital, Thirunakara Maidan and other public walls were used as the canvas for the mural. The murals across the city are a potpourri of several art styles. The other styles which can be seen are the Kurumba paintings of the Nilgiris, the Gond tribal paintings of Madhya Pradesh, the Warli of Maharashtra, the Madubani of Bihar, the Pata of Bengal, and the Kasauli of Kashmir. Artists from Portugal, Canada, Germany, Italy and South Korea opted for modern and contemporary themes. International Mural Painters Camp was held in Kottayam from 13 to 25 of May in 2013. In association to this, close to 350 artists from world over made over 60 paintings across the town and turned Kottayam into the first unique mural city in India.
Many private institutions like the Pushpagiri Church at Thellakom and Thirunakkara Sri Mahadeva Temple also joined this attempt.
Transportation
Roadways
Road Networks
Kottayam lies on the National Highway 183 (Old NH 220) connecting the City of Kollam and Theni. The NH183 connects Kottayam to the state of Tamil Nadu and the tourist destinations of Thekkady and Kuttikanam, as well as the agricultural towns of Kanjirapally and Mundakayam and State Highways SH1 or Main Central (MC) road,SH 9, SH11, SH13, SH14, SH15 and SH32 pass through Kottayam. The major port city of Kochi (70 kilometres (43 mi)) can be reached by the Changanassery-Alappuzha road and also via Ettumanoor and Kumarakom.
Buses
Public transport in the town is largely dependent on buses, run by both private operators and the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). There are three bus stations serving Kottayam, two of which cater to private buses and one exclusively for KSRTC buses. The bigger of the two private bus stations is located at Nagampadam, close to the railway station and the other is located in the heart of the town. Besides local bus services for, traveling within the town, Kottayam is well-connected to the rest of Kerala through inter-state bus services run by KSRTC.
Taxis
Hired forms of transport include metered taxis and auto-rickshaws.
Railway
Kottayam railway station (Station Code:KTYM) is under the administration of the Southern Railway. Kottayam railway station has 3 platforms for handling long distance and passenger trains. A railway goods shed is also situated at the station. The station is located at Nagampadam which is at a distance of 2.5 km from Kottayam town. Kottayam lies on the busy rail route between Thiruvananthapuram - Kollam - Ernakulam and is served by several long distance trains connecting most major cities in the country, like New Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad. This is the nearest station to tourist attractions like Kumarakom, Wagamon and pilgrim centres like Bharananganam, Vaikom Temple, Sabarimala etc.
The nearest main railway station to the north is Ernakulam South or the Ernakulam Junction Railway Station. The nearest main railway station to the south is Kayamkulam Junction. The Kottayam Railway station and the tracks to it lies parallel to the Cherthala railway station and its tracks. Chingavanom railway station lies towards the south of the Kottayam town railway station and it is a goods station. Other railway stations nearby are Ettumanoor, Kumaranellore and Changanasserry
Airways
The nearest airport is Cochin International Airport, 90 km to the north.
Waterways
Kottayam Port, India's first multi-modal Inland Container Depot (ICD) and a minor port using inland water way, is situated at Nattakom near Kodimatha, on the banks of Kothoor river.
The Kerala State Water Transport Department (KSWTD) operates ferry services through the backwaters in and around Kottayam city. Ferries are a major mode of transport to the town connect to the tourist destination of Kumarakom and Alappuzha, as well as several smaller destinations. There are two major ferry jetties in the city - Town Jetty and Kodimatha Jetty. In recent years, the boat jetty at Kumarakom has acquired international fame as a launch point for the backwater rides on Vembabad lake, which has virtually become a poster image for tourism in Kerala.
Education
Kottayam is the first city in India to attain 100% adult literacy. The city has more than 40 colleges and a vast number of schools. There are two Kendriya Vidyalayas in Kottayam. One in Puthuppally and the other in Kaduthuruthy.
Arts and Engineering Colleges
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, a college located in Pampady about 13 km for Kottayam has been ranked among the top 5 colleges in Kerala. CMS college, founded by the Church Missionary Society of England in 1817 is the first Western styled Arts College in India. St.Berchmans College Changanassery also known as SB College,established in 1922 is the first Autonomous College in Kerala, India situated in the town of Changanassery 18 kilometers south of Kottayam.
MG University
Mahatma Gandhi University OR MG University or simply MGU, established in the 1980s is one of the 6 universities in Kerala and has grown to become one among the top 50 universities in India. It is located near Athirampuzha, nearly 13 km from Kottayam. MG U is the only university from south India selected for Obama-Singh 21st Century Knowledge Initiative set up by U.S.-India Governments for Institutional Partnership Grants. This created MGU to form partnership with Brown University, Duke University and Plymouth State University from United States.The university have around 100 affiliated colleges spread over five districts in central Kerala.
National Institutes
There are two National Institutes in Kottayam. One is the Indian Institute of Mass Communication located within the Mahatma Gandhi University Campus. IIMC Kottayam started regular classes in English Journalism in August 2012. Classes are conducted in the temporary premises arranged for IIMC in the Mahatma Gandhi University campus by the Government of Kerala. It is one of the five such institutes in India. Institute of Information Technology located in Valavoor, Pala is the other.It is a deemed University organized as a conglomerate of researchers and students with administrative and academic bodies to guide itself.
Science City
A science city is being constructed in Kuravilangad, about 22 km from Kottayam. It is expected to be completed by 2024. It is one of the few science cities in India. It aims for science popularisation and improving science literacy in the region.[17] Science City will be set up by NCSM on a turn-key basis and it will be handed over to the State Government for its operation after opening. The capital expenditure for setting up the Science City at Kottayam will be shared as per norms in 60:40 basis, between the Govt. of India and the Govt. of Kerala. The project cost escalation based on the prevailing RBI index shall be borne by the State Govt.The Science Centre, Kottayam is being set up in a land area of app. 10.0 acres and will have a built up area of app. 4000 sq. Mtr with 3 interactive science galleries, a 3D theatre, an auditorium, Science Park etc. The Science Centre, Kottayam after opening is likely to attract approx. 3.00 lakh visitors annually.
Medical College
The Government Medical College, Kottayam is one of the most prominent medical colleges in Kerala. It was established in 1962 in the town and later shifted to the current location in Aarpokara, about 8 km from Kottayam.
Literature
The Public Library in Kottayam is located at Sastri Road, which is a frequent happening place with art exhibitions.
Kottayam has produced many well-known writers, journalists and artists. Muttathu Varkey, a novelist and Pala Narayanan Nair, a poet, both have their footing in Kottayam. Kottayam Pushpanath, a writer of crime thrillers lives in Kottayam. The famous Indian-English novelist Arundhati Roy is a native of Kottayam and her semi-autobiographical Booker Prize–winning novel, The God of Small Things contains her childhood experiences in Aymanam, Kottayam. Padmabushan D. C. Kizhakemuri established his flagship DC Books in Kottayam. DC Books along with its retail arm Current Books is the leading publisher of Malayalam and English works in Kerala. D. C. Kizhakemuri died on January 26, 1999.
Sports
A number of popular basketball tournaments including the Marian Trophy, Girideepam Trophy, Lourdes Trophy and Virginia Memorial Tournament are conducted every year. The main sports stadia in Kottayam are Nehru Stadium and Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium. Both are located in Nagambadom. The indoor stadium was opened recently and it is the largest one in the state. A sports college is planned to be set up in Chingavanam, near Kottayam. Kottayam is also famous for athletics, as the place has produced several athletes who represented India in various international tournaments.
Media
Kottayam is considered as the nerve center of Malayalam literature and publishing media. Unnuneeli Sandesam, a beautiful and a famous work of poetry, is supposed to have been written by one of the Rajas of Vadakkumkur. In 1821, Benjamin Bailey, a British missionary, established C.M.S. Press, the first printing press in Kerala, in Kottayam. The town has been in the forefront of newspaper and book publishing in the state ever since.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Malayalam literature was enriched by the works of Christian missionaries. Varthamana Pusthakam (1778), written by Parammekkal Thoma Kathanar on a visit to Rome, is the first travelogue in Malayalam. The first Malayalam English dictionary and Malayalam dictionary were published in Kottayam in the years 1846 and 1865 respectively. The first autobiography in Malayalam by Vaikom Pachu Moothathu was published in Kottayam in 1870. The first Malayalam Bible was also published in Kottayam.[citation needed]
Jnananikshepam was the first newspaper published by the natives of Kerala, and it was brought out from CMS press at Kottayam in 1848.[18] Nasrani Deepika was started in 1887 by the Carmelities of Mary Immaculate (CMI) missionaries at Mannanam near Kottayam. The newspaper still continues to be published under the name Deepika and is a leading Malayalam daily. Malayala Manorama, India's largest circulating regional daily,[citation needed] was founded here by K.C. Mammen Mapila in 1890. The part played by newspapers published from Kottayam, like Malayala Manorama, Deepika and Bhashaposhini, a literary magazine from Malayala Manorama Group in the cultural and literary development of Kerala is immense.
Today, seven major Malayalam newspapers – Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhoomi, Deshabhimani, Deepika, Madhyamam , Thejus and Mangalam – and around thirty periodicals are published from Kottayam. Kottayam is also home to several book publishers in Malayalam such as D. C. Books, Labour India Publications and Current Books. Almost 70 percent of books published in Kerala are from Kottayam.[19] In 1945, a group of writers set up Sahithya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangam, which means for Literary Workers' Co-operative Society in Malayalam. It was the first co-operative enterprise of writers, novelists and poets.
St Joseph College of Communication, Changanassery, Kerala is the first university affiliated media college in South India.
Government and Politics
Government
Collectorate
Kottayam is one of the six municipalities in the district. The members of the municipal council is elected from each ward every five years along with Local Government Election in whole state. The chairperson is the executive authority of the municipality. The Kottayam municipality formed after the implementation of Kerala Municipalities Act in 1994. There are a total of 52 wards in the municipality.
Kottayam city is the part of the Kottayam legislative assembly constituency. Just like the local government election, the legislative assembly election is also conducted every for years. The last election was conducted in 2016 May.
The Kottayam is part of the Kottayam Lok Sabha Constituency.
The collectorate of the Kottayam District is located in Kottayam city. The present collector is CA Latha IAS. Many adminstrative and district offices of Kottayam including the District Court is situated within the collectorate premises.
Judiciary
During the tenure of Colonel John Munro as the Diwan of various sates in India, he established 5 courts . One among the was established in Vaikom. The district court at Kottayam was established in 1910 during the period of Sree Moolam Thirunal Maharaja of Tranvancore. The court celebrated its centenary in 2010. The District Headquarters of judiciary is set up at Kottayam town with the Principal District Court as it Administrative Centre. The justice delivery system consists of eight Munsiff Courts, ten Judicial 1st Class Magistrate Courts, three Sub Courts, one Chief Judicial Magistrate Court and three Additional District Courts. Beside these regular courts, two Motor Accidents Claims Tribunals and one special court for Vigilance cases and two Family Courts also function in this district.
Politics
The current municipal chairperson is PR Sona. UDF is the current front with majority in the municipal council.
The current member of legislative assembly (MLA) from Kottayam is Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan. .[20] He has been of the member of legislative assembly of Kerala representing Kottayam City constituency since 2011.
Jose K Mani is the Member of Parliament from Kottayam parliamentary constituency. He has been the memeber of parliament representing Kottayam since 2009.[21]
Kottayam used to be in the power of Communist front in the 1960s to 1980s. But later it became a stronghold of INC and UDF. But still, there are parts in the city and the district where the Communist front enjoy support. Kerala's former Chief Minister Oommen Chandy is a Member of the Legislative Assembly from Puthuppally. The Kerala Congress party, a state level Indian political party is originated and headquartered in Kottayam South. This party is dominated by the Saint Thomas Christians in the Kottayam, Iddukki, Pala regions. The current MP of the Kottaam Lok Sabha constituency- Jose K Mani is a member of Kerala Congress (M).
References
- ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Population_Finder.aspx
- ^ http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Kerala.html
- ^ a b c d e f Kurien L (2010). "Structure and functioning of Gramsabhas" (PDF).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Structure and functioning of Gramsabhas". 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ A. Sreedhara Menon (1987). Political History of Modern Kerala. D C Books. pp. 140–. ISBN 978-81-264-2156-5. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ "Setting standards of excellence: UGC recognition has added to CMS College's list of merits". The Hindu. Jan 4, 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
- ^ http://kottayam.nic.in/#
- ^ [1]
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/marpowathil/photos/?tab=album&album_id=301115166627769
- ^ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/pope-john-paul-ii-visits-india-imbues-indian-catholic-church-with-a-new-sense-of-pride/1/348177.html
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- ^ Srikumar Chattopadhyay (2006). Striving for Sustainability: Environmental Stress and Democratic Initiatives in Kerala. Concept Publishing. p. 157. ISBN 9788180692949.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kottayam City Census 2011 datawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/803296-kottayam-kerala.html
- ^ [3]
- ^ "Science City facilities".
- ^ official website of Information and Public Relation Department
- ^ Official website of the Kottayam District
- ^ "Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies" (PDF). Kerala. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2009. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies" (PDF). Kerala. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2009. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
External links
- Official website of Kottayam District
- Official website from Gov. of Kerala
- Britannica Reference on Kottayam
- Kottayam District Map, MapsOfIndia.com
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| Towns and cities |
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