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King Abdulaziz International Airport

Coordinates: 21°40′46″N 039°09′24″E / 21.67944°N 39.15667°E / 21.67944; 39.15667
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King Abdulaziz International Airport

مطار الملك عبدالعزيز الدولي

Mataar Al-Malik Abdulaziz Al-Duwaly
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorGeneral Authority of Civil Aviation
ServesJeddah and Mecca, Saudi Arabia
LocationJeddah, Saudi Arabia
Opened1981; 43 years ago (1981)
Hub for
Elevation AMSL15 m / 48 ft
Coordinates21°40′46″N 039°09′24″E / 21.67944°N 39.15667°E / 21.67944; 39.15667
Websitewww.kaia.sa
Map
JED is located in Saudi Arabia
JED
JED
Location of airport in Saudi Arabia
JED is located in Middle East
JED
JED
JED (Middle East)
JED is located in West and Central Asia
JED
JED
JED (West and Central Asia)
JED is located in Asia
JED
JED
JED (Asia)
JED is located in Afro-Eurasia
JED
JED
JED (Afro-Eurasia)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
16L/34R 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
16C/34C 4,000 13,123 Concrete
16R/34L 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
Statistics (2018[needs update])
Passengers41,200,000[1]
Traffic movement340,333[1]
Economic impact (2012)$11.5 billion[2]
Social impact (2012)126,700[2]

King Abdulaziz International Airport (KAIA) (Arabic: مطار الملك عبدالعزيز الدولي) (IATA: JED, ICAO: OEJN), also known as Jeddah International Airport (Arabic: مطار جدة الدولي), is an international airport serving Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

The airport is the third-largest and the busiest airport of Saudi Arabia, serving more than 41 million passengers in 2018.[3] Named after the founder of Saudi Arabia, King Abdulaziz Al Saud, the airport was inaugurated in 1981, serves the highest number of international travellers, and is the largest hub for Saudi Arabia's flag carrier, Saudia. The airport provides facilities required for the service of pilgrims and those who visit the country to perform Umrah. It has three operational passenger terminals: the North Terminal, the Hajj Terminal, and the new Terminal 1. The Hajj Terminal was specially built for Muslim pilgrims going to Mecca annually on the Hajj. The fourth terminal, which is the South terminal, was converted into a COVID-19 vaccine center in 2020.

Description

The airport occupies an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles).[4] Beside the airport proper, this includes a royal terminal, facilities of King Abdullah Air Base for the Royal Saudi Air Force, and housing for airport staff. Construction work on KAIA airport began in 1974, and was finalized in 1980. Finally, on 31 May 1981, the airport opened for service after being officially inaugurated in April 1981.[4]

New Terminal 1

In 2019, the new Terminal 1 at King Abdulaziz International Airport had a soft opening with a number of domestic flights transferred to operate from it. With a floor area of 810,000 square metres (8,700,000 sq ft), the new terminal is considered one of the largest airport terminal buildings of its kind in the world.[5] Visitors and passengers will enjoy a number of facilities including new lounges, an 18,000 square metres (190,000 sq ft) central garden area and a transport center that links between the building and the car park and train station.[6] Moreover, the terminal houses a huge aquarium with 10 metres (33 ft) in diameter and 14 metres (46 ft) in height as well as a capacity of million litres of water.[6] Furthermore, a mosque with a capacity of 3,732 worshippers has been established in the airport.[6] In August 2019, the airport started moving a number of international flights operated by Saudia to the new terminal,[7] and on the 18th of November, Etihad became the first non-Saudi airline to move to the new facility.[8]

Facilities

٘North Terminal

Hajj Terminal

Because of Jeddah's proximity to the city of Mecca, the airport has a dedicated Hajj Terminal, built to handle pilgrims taking part in the rituals associated with the annual Hajj. It can accommodate 80,000 travelers at the same time.

Designed by the Bangladeshi-American engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan of the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM), it is known for its tent-like roof structure, engineered by Horst Berger while part of Geiger Berger Associates.[9] Ten modules, each consisting of twenty-one "tents" of white colored Teflon-coated fiberglass fabric suspended from pylons, are grouped together into two blocks of five modules and separated by a landscaped mall between the blocks. Only customs, baggage handling and similar facilities are located in an air-conditioned building. The vast majority of the complex, called "Terminal Support Area", is a flexible, open area, conceived to function like a village, complete with souk (market) and mosque. Not enclosed by walls, this area is sheltered from the intense sun while allowing for natural ventilation; because of this, some consider it to be a green, environmentally-friendly building.[10]

The Hajj Terminal received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1983. According to the jury, "the brilliant and imaginative design of the roofing system met the awesome challenge of covering this vast space with incomparable elegance and beauty."[11]

Other terminals

South Terminal
North Terminal interior
Hajj Terminal

Jeddah-KAIA airport serves as a major hub for Saudia who originally had the exclusive use of the South Terminal. In 2007, however, the Saudi carriers Flynas and Sama Airlines were also given permission to use it. Due to the closure of Sama Airlines, the terminal was only used by Saudia and Flynas. The terminal is now also used by Flyadeal and Garuda Indonesia. The North Terminal at Jeddah airport is used by all other foreign airlines. The South terminal, is currently used for domestic flights. Meanwhile, Terminal 1 is currently used for International Flights.[12]

Expansion project

The new King Abdulaziz International Airport three-stage development started in 2006, and is currently scheduled for an official opening in mid 2019.[13] However, as of 2018 local flights have been landing at the airport.[14] The project is designed to increase the airport's yearly capacity from 13 million to 80 million passengers.[citation needed]

The expansion includes a brand-new passenger terminal building, a 136-meter tall air traffic control (ATC) tower (the largest in the world), airfield hard-standing and paved areas, lighting, fuel network systems, electronic passenger guidance system and a new storm water drainage network. There will also be a newly constructed support services building and upgrades to the existing runway and airfield systems. The three stages, according to GACA—the General Authority of Civil Aviation of Saudi Arabia, will be marked by staged capacity increase to 30 million, 60 million and 80 million passengers per year.

The new airport terminal 1 is accessed by the Haramain high-speed rail project network. Prince Majed Street will connect to the Al-Laith Highway, forming a fast north–south transit route.

Other facilities

The General Authority of Civil Aviation has the GACA Hangar (Building 364) at the airport.[15]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens[16]
Afriqiyah Airways Misrata,[17] Tripoli–Mitiga
Air Algérie Algiers
Air Arabia Alexandria, Assiut,[18] Cairo, Luxor,[19] Ras Al Khaimah,[20] Sharjah, Sohag
AirAsia X Kuala Lumpur–International
Air Astana Almaty [21]
airblue Islamabad, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar
Air Cairo Alexandria, Assiut, Cairo, Giza,[22] Luxor,[23] Sohag
Seasonal: Sharm El Sheikh[24]
Air China Seasonal: Ürümqi
Air India Delhi, Hyderabad, Kozhikode, Mumbai
Air India Express Kannur,[25] Kozhikode
Air Sial Islamabad, Lahore[26]
AlMasria Universal Airlines Cairo
AnadoluJet Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen[27]
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku[28]
Azman Air Seasonal: Kano
Badr Airlines Khartoum (suspended)
Batik Air Makassar, Medan[29]
Seasonal: Solo
Batik Air Malaysia Kuala Lumpur–International[30]
Biman Bangladesh Airlines Chittagong, Dhaka
Seasonal: Sylhet
Centrum Airlines Namangan, Tashkent[31]
Citilink Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[32] Surabaya
Seasonal: Medan, Palembang,[32] Solo[33]
Cyprus Airways Larnaca[34]
Daallo Airlines Garowe, Hargeisa, Mogadishu
Egyptair Alexandria, Cairo, Luxor
Seasonal: Sharm El Sheikh[35]
Emirates Dubai–International
Eritrean Airlines Asmara
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
Seasonal: Al Ain[36]
flyadeal Abha,[37] Amman–Queen Alia, Cairo,[38] Dammam,[39] Gassim,[39] Ha'il, Hofuf, Istanbul,[40] Jizan, Khartoum (suspended),[38] Riyadh, Tabuk[41]
flydubai Dubai–International
FlyEgypt Alexandria, Assiut, Cairo, Sohag[42]
Flynas Abu Dhabi, Adana, Addis Ababa, [43] Algiers, Almaty,[44] Amman–Queen Alia, Ankara, (begins 5 November 2023) Baghdad, Bahrain, Baku,[45] Bangalore,[46] Beirut, Berlin (begins 1 December 2023),[47] Bishkek,[48] Bodrum, Brussels (begins 2 December 2023),[49] Casablanca, Dammam, Doha,[50] Dubai–International, Erbil,[51] Gassim, Giza,[52] Hatay, Hofuf,[53] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen,[54] Jizan, Kano, Karachi, Khartoum (suspended), Kuwait City, Lahore, Marseille, Medina, Najran (begins 1 November 2023),[55] Osh[48] Riyadh, Salalah, Sharjah, Sharm El Sheikh, Sohag,[56] Tabuk, Tashkent,[57] Tbilisi, Tirana,[58] Trabzon, Yanbu[59]
Seasonal: Batumi,[45] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kozhikode,[60] Makassar, Medan, Salzburg,[61] Sarajevo, Surabaya, Tirana,[58] Vienna
Garuda Indonesia Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Seasonal: Banda Aceh, Bandung–Kertajati,[62] Banjarmasin, Makassar, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Solo, Surabaya, Yogyakarta–International[63]
Gulf Air Bahrain
IndiGo Ahmedabad,[64] Delhi, Hyderabad,[65] Kozhikode,[66] Mumbai
Iran Air Seasonal: Ahvaz, Ardabil, Bandar Abbas, Birjand, Bushehr, Gorgan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Mashhad, Qeshm, Rasht, Sari, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran–Imam Khomeini, Urmia, Yazd, Zahedan, Zanjan
Iraqi Airways Seasonal: Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Najaf, Sulaimaniyah[67]
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino (begins 5 October 2024)[68]
Jazeera Airways Kuwait City
Jordan Aviation Amman–Queen Alia
Jubba Airways Dubai–International, Galkayo
Kam Air Kabul,[69] Kandahar
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City
Libyan Airlines Benghazi, Tripoli–Mitiga
Libyan Wings Seasonal: Tripoli–Mitiga
Lion Air Seasonal: Bandung–Kertajati, Batam,[70] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Makassar, Padang, Pekanbaru,[71] Semarang,[72] Solo, Surabaya, Yogyakarta–International[70]
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International
Seasonal: Alor Setar, Johor Bahru,[73] Kuala Terengganu, Penang
Max Air Seasonal: Kano
Middle East Airlines Beirut
Nesma Airlines Ha'il[74]
Nile Air Alexandria, Assiut,[75] Cairo, Luxor,[75] Sohag[75]
Oman Air Muscat
Pakistan International Airlines Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar, Sialkot
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, İzmir
Seasonal: Trabzon[76]
Qanot Sharq Tashkent[77]
Qatar Airways Doha[78]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca
Seasonal: Marrakesh
Royal Brunei Airlines Seasonal: Bandar Seri Begawan
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
SalamAir Muscat, Sohar[79]
Saudia Abha, Abu Dhabi, Addis Ababa, Al Baha, Alexandria, Algiers, Al Jawf, Al Ula, Al Wajh, Amman–Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Ankara,[80] Arar, Baghdad,[81] Bahrain, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[82] Barcelona,[83] Beijing–Daxing,[84] Beirut, Birmingham, Bisha, Cairo, Casablanca, Dammam, Dar es Salaam,[85] Dawadmi, Delhi, Dhaka, Djibouti,[86] Doha,[87] Dubai–International, Frankfurt, Gassim, Geneva, Guangzhou, Gurayat, Ha'il, Hofuf, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Istanbul, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jizan, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo (resumes 1 December 2023),[88] Kano, Karachi, Khartoum (suspended), Kochi, Kozhikode,[89][90] Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait City, Lahore, London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Lucknow, Madrid, Malè, Manchester, Manila, Mauritius, Medina, Milan–Malpensa, Multan,[91] Mumbai, Munich, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Najran, Neom Bay, New York–JFK, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Peshawar, Port Sudan (suspended),[92] Qaisumah, Rafha, Red Sea (begins 29 October 2023),[93] Riyadh, Rome–Fiumicino, Seoul–Incheon,[94] Sharm El Sheikh, Sharurah, Singapore, Tabuk, Ta'if, Toronto–Pearson (resumes 2 December 2023),[95] Tunis, Turaif, Vienna, Wadi al-Dawasir, Washington–Dulles
Seasonal: Adana, Agadir, Annaba, Athens, Batam, Constantine, Ghardaïa, İzmir, Makassar, Málaga,[96] Marrakech, Medan, Oran, Salalah, Surabaya, Zurich[97]
SCAT Airlines Almaty[98]
Scoot Singapore
SereneAir Islamabad, Peshawar
Somon Air Dushanbe
SpiceJet Ahmedabad, Delhi, Hyderabad,[99] Kozhikode, Mumbai
SriLankan Airlines Colombo–Bandaranaike[100]
Sudan Airways Khartoum, Port Sudan (both suspended)
Syrian Air Seasonal: Damascus
Tarco Aviation Khartoum (suspended)
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi[101]
Tunisair Tunis
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Seasonal: Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Denizli, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, Gaziantep, Isparta, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya, Samsun, Sivas, Trabzon, Van
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat[102]
Utair Seasonal: Magas
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent[103]
Vistara Mumbai[104]
Wizz Air[105] Bucharest–Otopeni, Budapest, Larnaca, Milan–Malpensa, Rome–Fiumicino, Venice, Vienna
Yemenia Aden, Seiyun

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
Aerotranscargo Hong Kong, Sharjah[106]
Air France Cargo Dammam, Hong Kong, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
DHL Aviation Bahrain
Ethiopian Airlines Cargo Addis Ababa[107]
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt, Sharjah
Qatar Airways Cargo Doha
Saudia Cargo Addis Ababa, Amsterdam, Bangalore,[108] Brussels, Dammam, Dhaka, Frankfurt, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Khartoum, Kozhikode, Maastricht/Aachen, Lagos, Lucknow, Milan–Malpensa, Mumbai, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, New York–JFK,[109] N'Djamena, Riyadh, Shanghai–Pudong, Sharjah

Accidents and incidents

  • In November 1979, Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740, a Boeing 707, crashed soon after takeoff when a fire started onboard. There were no survivors.
  • In 1986, a group of Iranian pilgrims were caught with C4 explosives in their bag. The explosives were put there by Iranian authorities; they wanted the explosives to go off killing many people. The pilgrims claimed that they didn't know anything about the explosives.[110]
  • On 6 February 1991, a United States Air Force Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker made an emergency landing at the base after two of the KC-135's four engines ripped off, two tires burst during the landing.
  • On 11 July 1991, Nigeria Airways Flight 2120, a Douglas DC-8-61, suffered cabin pressure problems followed by a fire due to a failed landing gear. The pilots tried to return to the airport but failed to reach it and the plane crashed, killing all 247 passengers and 14 crew.[111]
  • On 1 March 2004, PIA Flight 2002, an Airbus A300B4-200, burst two tires whilst taking off. Fragments of the tire were ingested by the engines, causing the engines to catch fire and takeoff was aborted. Substantial damage to the engine and the left wing caused the aircraft to be written off. All 261 passengers and 12 crew survived.[112]

Statistics

Annual passenger traffic at JED airport. See Wikidata query.

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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