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[[File:Masala Thosai.jpg|thumb|180px|''Masala dosa'' as served in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Masala Thosai.jpg|thumb|180px|''Masala dosa'' as served in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Masala Dosa with Aloo masala.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''Masala dosa'' showing potato ''masala'' filling]]
[[File:Masala Dosa with Aloo masala.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''Masala dosa'' showing potato ''masala'' filling]]
A ''masala dosa'' is made by stuffing a dosa with a lightly cooked filling of potatoes, fried onions and spices. The dosa is wrapped around an onion and potato curry or ''[[sabji]]'' {{clarify|reason=how can it be stuffed but wrapped?|date=March 2011}} and is originally invented by [[Udupi]] Hotels.<ref name=guide> The Rough Guide to South India By David Abram, Nick Edwards. Pub:Rough Guides (2004) Page 254. ISBN : 1843531038, 9781843531036 [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=udupi&source=bl&ots=Q5Ye_616PS&sig=58gvxtEnuclSTgkncwyOixmKyoc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9Z0TUMaWGovirAfk54DACg&ved=0CF4Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=udupi&f=false]</ref>
A ''masala dosa'' is made by stuffing a dosa with a lightly cooked filling of potatoes, fried onions and spices. The dosa is wrapped around an onion and potato curry or ''[[sabji]]'' {{clarify|reason=how can it be stuffed but wrapped?|date=March 2011}} and is originally invented by [[Udupi]] Hotels.<ref name=guide> specifically Diana Restaurant. The Rough Guide to South India By David Abram, Nick Edwards. Pub:Rough Guides (2004) Page 254. ISBN : 1843531038, 9781843531036 [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=udupi&source=bl&ots=Q5Ye_616PS&sig=58gvxtEnuclSTgkncwyOixmKyoc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9Z0TUMaWGovirAfk54DACg&ved=0CF4Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=udupi&f=false]</ref>
It is listed as number 39 on ''World's 50 most delicious foods'' complied by ''CNN Go'' in 2011.<ref>CNN Go [http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/eat/worlds-50-most-delicious-foods-067535 World's 50 most delicious foods] 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-11</ref> It is also cited as top ten tasty foods of the world (2012).{{Citation needed|date=July 2012}}
It is listed as number 39 on ''World's 50 most delicious foods'' complied by ''CNN Go'' in 2011.<ref>CNN Go [http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/eat/worlds-50-most-delicious-foods-067535 World's 50 most delicious foods] 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-11</ref> It is also cited as top ten tasty foods of the world (2012).{{Citation needed|date=July 2012}}


Revision as of 09:19, 21 August 2012

Dosa/Dosai/Dosé
Dosa
Alternative namesDosai, Thosai, Dosa, Dhosha, Dosay, Dose, Tosai, Chakuli, Pullattu
Place of originIndia
Region or stateAndhra Pradesh,Karnataka,Kerala,Tamil Nadu
Main ingredientsrice batter, urad bean
Variationsmasala dosa, rava dosa, onion dosa, neer dosa, paneer dosa

Dosa or Dosé or Dosai is a fermented crepe or pancake made from rice batter and black lentils.[1] It is indigenous to and is a staple dish in the southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as being popular in Sri Lanka. Dosa is also popular in Malaysia[2] and Singapore,[3] where the name Thosai is more common,[4] and in Myanmar as Toshay.

Origin

The origins of dosa have been widely discussed in literature and books. A few of them are listed below:

Orthography and transliteration

There are various ways of transliterating dosa: dose, dhosha, dosay, dosai, dhosai, tosai, thosai, or dvashi.

Nutrition

Dosa, a common breakfast dish[13] and street food,[14] is rich in carbohydrates, contains no sugar or saturated fats. Its constituent ingredients of rice and lentils mean it is gluten-free and contains protein.[13][15] The fermentation process increases the vitamin B and vitamin C content.[16][17] There are also instant mix products for making dosa, with somewhat lower nutritional benefits.[18]

The street food variants may contain contaminants or otherwise undesirable additions, such as relatively high levels of copper.[19]

Basic preparation

Dosa making

A mixture of rice and urad dal that has been soaked in water is ground finely to form a batter. The proportion of rice to lentils is basically 2:1 or 3:1. The batter is allowed to sit overnight and ferment. Sometimes a few fenugreek seeds are added to the rice-dal mixture. The rice can be uncooked or parboiled. The mixture of urad dal (black lentils) and rice can be replaced with highly refined wheat flour to make a maida dosa, or semolina for a rava dosa.

A thin layer of the batter is then ladled onto a hot tava (griddle) greased with oil or ghee (clarified butter). It is spread out evenly with the base of a ladle or bowl to form a pancake. It is flipped to heat both crusts and removed from the griddle when the crust becomes dry. A dosa is served hot, either folded in half or rolled like a wrap.

Serving methods

Cheese dosa served with sumbhar and fresh coconut chutney.

Dosa can be stuffed with fillings of vegetables and sauces to make a quick meal. They are typically served with a vegetarian side dish which varies according to regional and personal preferences. Common side items are:

Variations

Home made neer dosa with thick coconut chutney

Though dosa typically refers to the version made with rice and lentils, many other versions exist, often specific to an Indian region. Some variations include egg dosa, which is spread with an omelette, and cheese dosa, which is stuffed with cheese.

  • Quinoa dosa: a dosa made with quinoa
  • Moong dal dosa
  • Chilli dosa: spread with chilli powder
  • Open dosa: chutney powder is spread on it while cooking, before serving, spiced and mashed potato is placed on top
  • Onion dosa: spread with chopped and sautéed onions
  • Ghee (thuppa/nei) dosa: ghee is used instead of oil while frying
  • Butter dosa: butter is used instead of oil when frying, and a small amount is placed on top of it when serving.
  • Roast: the dosa is spread thinly and fried until crisp.
  • Kerala dosa: a different kind of traditional dosa, it is small, thick, soft and spongy. It is more like a pancake and somewhat similar to appam, but dal is used in the batter for appam, and the appam is not flat.
  • Family roast: a long dosa which can be spread over two or three feet
  • Paper dosa: a long and very thin, delicate dosa which can be spread over two feet
  • Green dosa: stuffed with fresh vegetables and mint chutney
  • Thalir dosa:made of Maida and is very soft and delicate,eaten with sugar.
  • Chow-chow dosa: stuffed with (Indian flavored) Chinese noodles
  • Masala dosa: stuffed with spiced potatoes
  • Methi dosa: flavoured with fenugreek
  • Cone dosa: shaped like a cone
Rava dosa
  • Rava dosa: made with rava (semolina), it does not need fermentation and is usually considered a snack or fast food.
  • Wheat dosa: made with wheat flour, and served with coconut chutney
  • Vella dosa: made of jaggery with ghee or nei
  • Ragi Dosa: made of ragi or millet flour
  • Muttai dosa: eggs are added to the regular batter; the word muttai in Tamil means "egg".
  • Uththapam: thick round dosa in South India
  • Set dose: a popular type of dosa in Karnataka, it is cooked only on one side and served in a set of two to three, hence the name.
  • Benne dose: similar to masala or set dosa, but smaller in size, it is served with liberal helpings of butter sprinkled on it. It is said[who?] to have originated in the Davanagere district of the state of Karnataka.
A view of making benne dose at Davangere
  • Cabbage dosa: made of cabbage, a paste is prepared with rice, red chillies, asafoetida and turmeric. Once the batter is ready, cabbage cut into small pieces is added to the paste and left for about 30 mins. Once this is done, the batter is poured and the dosa is made crisp
  • Neer dosa: prepared from rice, it is unique to Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada and Malenadu regions.[citation needed]
  • 70 MM dosa: similar to masala dosa, it is larger, about 60 cm in diameter
  • American chop suey dosa: served with a filling of fried noodles and tomato ketchup
  • Uppu puli dosa: made by adding uppu (salt) and puli (tamarind) to the batter, it is a part of Udupi cuisine.[citation needed]

Masala dosa

Masala dosa as served in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Masala dosa showing potato masala filling

A masala dosa is made by stuffing a dosa with a lightly cooked filling of potatoes, fried onions and spices. The dosa is wrapped around an onion and potato curry or sabji [clarification needed] and is originally invented by Udupi Hotels.[20] It is listed as number 39 on World's 50 most delicious foods complied by CNN Go in 2011.[21] It is also cited as top ten tasty foods of the world (2012).[citation needed]

Before it was invented, plain dosa was served with potato curry (liquified potato palya) without onions in a separate cup. During a shortage of potatoes,[citation needed] a method was created in which potato was mashed and sautéed with onions with other spices. This was then placed inside the dosa instead of in a separate cup to hide the onions, which are not eaten by orthodox Hindus and Jains.[citation needed] This came to be known as masala dosa, from the sautéeing of spices (masala) during the preparation of the potato palya. [citation needed]

Some variants are:

  • Mysore masala dosa: masala dosa with coconut and onion chutneys spread inside along with the potato stuffing
  • Vegetable masala dosa: instead of potatoes, peas and other vegetables are mashed to make the stuffing
  • Rava masala dosa: rava (semolina), especially the Bombay Rava, is used instead of rice
  • Chinese masala dosa: noodles and other Chinese ingredients like schezwan sauce are added
  • Paneer chilli dosa: stuffed with sautéed cottage cheese (paneer) and capsicum
  • Palak Masala dosa: coated with a thin layer of puréed spinach, and filled with the traditional potato/onion mixture
  • Masala dosa: one or two fried eggs served on top
  • Davanagere benne masala dosa: named after Davanagere in Karnataka, this is prepared by adding liberal doses of butter and also a potato filling (palya).
  • Set Masala dosa: or simply set masala, mostly served in Mysore, contains two smaller masala dosas. Sometimes one of them is filled with vegetable korma/saagu and the other one with the usual potato-onion palya.

In Bangalore, the masala dosa is usually served with a red chutney applied to its inside surface. The red chutney usually has generous amounts of garlic.

Similar foods

  • Pesarattu: a dosa-like preparation prepared from moong dal, which is typically served with a ginger and tamarind chutney in Andhra Pradesh. The variations include:
    • using soaked whole moong seeds (along with green cover), which gives a greenish tint to the pesarattu; and
    • using yellow-coloured moong dal (green cover is removed and the dal is refined), which gives a golden-yellow tint to it when roasted.
  • Adai: a dosa-like dish prepared from a combination of dals, namely urad, channa and moong dal.
  • Appam, aappam or hopper in Sri Lanka — a pancake prepared from a combination of patted rice (avalakki), rice and yoghurt. The primary differences between an appam and a dosa are that an appam is thicker (up to five times as thick as a dosa), can optionally contain curd, the dough differs in the ratio of rice and urud dhal and is more finely ground than dosa batter, the centre is thicker and the outer rim is very thin (whereas a dosa is more or less uniformly thick). Sometimes other ingredients are added to the top of the appam as it is cooked. This gives rise to the Sri Lankan "egg hopper" where an egg is cooked on top of the appam/hopper as it is fried, or the uttapam (see below).
  • Uttapam is a dosa-like dish made by cooking the ingredients in its batter. Unlike a dosa, which is crisp and crepe-like, an uttapam is a thick pancake. Uttapam is sometimes characterized as an Indian pizza.
  • Injera: a pancake-like bread made out of teff flour that is traditionally eaten in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia (where it is also called canjeero or laxoox) and Yemen (where it is known as lahoh).
  • Chakuli pitha: similar to utthappam, although it has more black gram and less rice flour. It is found in Oriya cuisine.[citation needed]
  • Sada dosa
    Sada dosa
  • Paper Masala Dosa
    Paper Masala Dosa
  • Dosa and ghee
    Dosa and ghee
  • Masala Thosai
    Masala Thosai
  • Rava dosa
    Rava dosa
  • Ghee dosa
    Ghee dosa
  • Chutney and Dosa
    Chutney and Dosa

See also

References

  1. ^ Shetty, Kalidas (2006). Food biotechnology. CRC Press. p. 1780. ISBN 978-0-8247-5329-0. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  2. ^ http://goseasia.about.com/od/malaysianculturepeople/a/malaysia_indian_food_guide.htm
  3. ^ http://www.lonelyplanet.com/singapore/singapore-city/restaurants/indian-vegetarian/dosa-corner
  4. ^ http://www.metropolasia.com/Dosa_Corner
  5. ^ The Hindu : Epiphany and the Idli
  6. ^ Handbook of fermented functional foods - Google Books
  7. ^ Edward R. Farnworth. Handbook of fermented functional foods. CRC Press. p. 11.
  8. ^ K. T. Achaya (May 12, 1994). Indian Food: A Historical Companion. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 90. ISBN 978-0195634488.
  9. ^ Raja M - The dosa, like most other south Indian culinary exports, is often linked to Udipi, a small temple town in the state of Karnataka. "India's new offering to curry Western flavor". Asia Times, June 24, 2004. Retrieved 2010-08-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Lisa Rayner (2009). Wild Bread: Hand-baked Sourdough Artisan Breads in Your Own Kitchen (First ed.). Lifeweaver LLC Flagstaff, AZ. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-98006081-2.
  11. ^ Pat Chapman (2007). India: Food & Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. p. 40. ISBN 978 184537 619 2.
  12. ^ P. Thankappan Nair and Punthi Pustak (2004). South Indians in Kolkata: history of Kannadigas, Konkanis, Malayalees, Tamilians, Telugus, South Indian dishes, and Tippoo Sultan's heirs in Calcutta. p. 396. ISBN 81-86791-50-7.
  13. ^ a b "Eat healthy: dosa". livestrong.com. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
  14. ^ Dalal, Tarla. Mumbai Roadside Snacks. Sanjay & Co. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-89491-66-6.
  15. ^ Srilakshmi, B. (2006) [2002]. Nutrition Science (Revised 2nd ed.). New Age International (formerly Wiley Eastern Ltd.). p. 403. ISBN 978-81-224-1633-6. Retrieved 2011-05-22. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ Pal, Dr J. S. (December 2006). "Traditional Indian Foods: Physio-Chemical Aspects" (PDF). PFNDAI Bulletin: 3. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
  17. ^ Nutrition and Dietetics - Higher Secondary - First Year (PDF). Directorate of School Education, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2004. p. 31. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
  18. ^ "Calories in Dosa (Pan Cake)". calorie count. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
  19. ^ Simopoulos, Artemis P.; Bhat, Ramesh Venkataramana (2000). Street foods - World review of nutrition and dietetics. Nutritional Triggers for Health and in Disease. Vol. 86. Karger Publishers. pp. 74, 78. ISBN 978-3-8055-6927-9.
  20. ^ specifically Diana Restaurant. The Rough Guide to South India By David Abram, Nick Edwards. Pub:Rough Guides (2004) Page 254. ISBN : 1843531038, 9781843531036 [1]
  21. ^ CNN Go World's 50 most delicious foods 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-11
  • Media related to Dosa at Wikimedia Commons
  • Dosa (food) at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
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