List of the first women holders of political offices in Europe

Please observe, that this list is meant to contain only the first female holder of a political office, not all the female holders of that office.

Albania

People's Socialist Republic

Minister of Culture – Nexhmije Hoxha – 1946^[1]
Member of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania – Liri Belishova – 1950
President of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania – Mine Guri – 1978

Republic

Foreign Minister – Arta Dade – 2001
Deputy Prime Minister – Ermelinda Meksi – 2003
Chairman of the Parliament – Jozefina Topalli – 2005
Defence Minister – Mimi Kodheli – 2013
European Integration Minister – Klajda Gjosha – 2013
Education and Sport Minister – Lindita Nikolla – 2013

Andorra

Foreign Minister – Meritxell Mateu i Pi – 2007^[2]

Armenia

Arshakuni Dynasty

First Christian Queen of Armenia – Ashkhen – Second half of the 3rd century and first half of the 4th century.

First Republic of Armenia

Ambassador to Japan — Diana Abgar – 1918.

Republic of Armenia

Minister of Culture —Hasmik Poghosyan – 8 June 2007^[3]
Minister of Diaspora —Hranush Hakobyan – 1 October 2008
Ambassador to Netherlands – Dziunik Aghajanian – March 2011^[4]
Deputy President of National Assembly —Hermine Naghdalyan – 31 May 2012^[5]
Ambassador to Vietnam – Raisa Vardanyan — 16 July 2013^[6]
Ambassador to Indonesia – Anna Aghajanyan — 11 December 2013^[7]
Ambassador to Philippines – Raisa Vardanyan – 22 April 2014^[6]
Leader of Prosperous Armenia Political Party – Naira Zohrabyan – 5 March 2015^[8]
Minister of Justice — Arpine Hovhannisyan – 4 September 2015^[9]

Austria

Imperial

Monarch – Maria Theresia of Austria – 1740

Republic

Member of Parliament – Anna Boschek – 1919
President of the Bundesrat – Olga Ruder-Zeynek – 1927 ^{[citation needed]}
Government Minister – Grete Rehor – 1966
Minister of Social Affairs – Grete Rehor – 1966
Minister for Foreign Affairs – Benita Ferrero-Waldner – 2000 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Innsbruck – Hilde Zach – 2002–2011 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Justice – Karin Gastinger – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy – Benita Ferrero-Waldner – 2009

Azerbaijan

Soviet Socialist Republic

Minister of Foreign Affairs – Tahira Tahirova – 1959
Chairwoman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet – Elmira Gafarova – 1989 ^{[citation needed]}

Republic

Chairwoman of the National Assembly – Elmira Gafarova – 1991 ^{[citation needed]}
Secretary of State – Lala Shevket – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}

Belarus

Soviet Socialist Republic

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet – Nadezhda Grigoryevna Grekova – 1938^[10]

Belgium

Count of Flanders – Margaret I – 1191
Count of Luxembourg – Ermesinde – 1197
Count of Hainaut – Margaret I – 1244
Duke of Brabant – Joanna – 1355
Duke of Burgundy – Mary of Burgundy – 1477
Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands – Margaret of Austria – 1507
Duke of Bouillon – Charlotte de La Marck – 1574
Member of Parliament (Senate) – Marie Janson – 1921^[11]
Mayor – Léonie Keingiaert de Gheluvelt, (Gheluvelt) – 1921^[12]
Member of Parliament (Chamber of Representatives) – Lucie Dejardin – 1929^[13]
Minister for Family and Housing – Marguerite De Riemaecker-Legot – 1965^[14]
Minister for Flemish Affairs – Rika De Backer – 1974^[15]
Mayor of Antwerp – Mathilde Schroyens – 1977^[16]
Party leader of major political party – Antoinette Spaak – 1977^[17]
Secretary of State for Brussels Region – Lydia De Pauw – 1979^[18]
Secretary of State for the Dutch-speaking Community – Rika Steyeart – 1979^[19]
Secretary of State for Environment and Social Emancipation – Miet Smet – 1985^[20]
Secretary of State for Pensions – Leona Detiège – 1988^[19]
Minister for Budget – Wivina Demeester – 1991^[21]
Minister for Employment and Labour – Miet Smet – 1992^[20]
Minister of Health – Laurette Onkelinx – 1992^[22]
Minister-President of the French Community – Laurette Onkelinx – 1993^[22]
Minister for Social Affairs – Magda De Galan – 1994^[23]
Deputy Prime Minister – Laurette Onkelinx & Isabelle Durant – 1999^[22]^[24]
Minister of Transport – Isabelle Durant – 1999^[24]
Minister of Justice – Laurette Onkelinx – 2003^[22]
President of the Senate – Anne-Marie Lizin – 2004^[25]
President of the Parliament of the French Community – Isabelle Simonis – 2004^[26]
President of the Flemish Parliament – Marleen Vanderpoorten – 2006^[27]
European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility – Marianne Thyssen – 2014

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

President – Borjana Krišto – 2007 ^{[citation needed]}
Major of Sarajevo – Semiha Borovac – 2005

Republika Srpska

Minister of Finance Petra Marković – 1992
President – Biljana Plavšić – 1996
Minister of Finance – Svetlana Cenić – 2004
Vice President of Parliament – Nada Tešanović – 2006
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic relations and Regional cooperation – Jasna Brkić – 2006
Minister of Self-government – Lejla Rešić – 2010
Minister of Tourism and Trade – Gorana Zlatković – 2010
Minister of Sport and youth – Nada Tešanović – 2010
Minister of Justice – Gorana Zlatković – 2011
Minister of Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology – Srebrenka Golić – 2010
Minister of Economic regional relations – Željka Cvijanović – 2010
Prime Minister – Željka Cvijanović – 2013
Minister of Tourism and Trade – Maida Ibširagić Hrstić – 2013

Bulgaria

Kingdom

Regent – Tsarina Maria – 1018 (disputed)
Regent – Irene Komnene of Epirus – 1246 (disputed)

People's Republic

Minister of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones – Tsola Dragoycheva – 1947

Republic

Prime Minister (acting) – Reneta Indzhova – 1994 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign minister (acting) – Irina Bokova – 1996 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Consumer Protection – Meglena Kuneva – 2009
President of the National Assembly – Tsetska Tsacheva – 2009
Mayor of Sofia – Yordanka Fandakova – 2009

Croatia

Cyprus

Kingdom

Regent – Plaisance of Antioch – 1253
Monarch – Charlotte of Cyprus – 1458

Republic

Mayor of Nicosia – Eleni Mavrou – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign Minister – Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis – 2007 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth – Androulla Vassiliou – 2010

Northern Cyprus

unrecognized, secessionist state

Prime Minister – Sibel Siber – 2013
Foreign Minister – Emine Çolak – 2015

Czechoslovakia

Members of the first Czechoslovak Parliament: Revolutionary National Assembly (unicameral) – Bozena Ecksteinova, Anna Chlebounova, Irena Kanova, Frantiska Kolarikova, Luisa Landova-Stychova, Alice Masarykova (daughter of President Tomas G. Masaryk), Eliska Purkynova, Bozena Vikova-Kuneticka, Ludmila Zatloukalova-Coufalova, Frantiska Zeminova – 1918
Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia – Anezka Hodinova - Spurna – 1945
Minister of Industry – Ludmila Jankovcova – 1947
Deputy Prime Minister – Ludmila Jankovcova – 1954
Minister of Consumer Industry – Bozena Machacova-Dostalova – 1954
Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly – Sona Pennigerova – 1969
Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly – Eva Zeleznikova – 1986
Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Nations of the Federal Assembly – Blanka Hykova – 1989
Minister of State Audit – Kvetoslava Korinkova – 1989

Czech Republic

Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies – Petra Buzková – 1996
Vice-President of the Senate – Jaroslava Moserová – 1996
Minister of Justice – Vlasta Parkanová – 1997
Minister of Health – Zuzana Roithová – 1998
President of the Senate – Libuše Benešová – 1998
Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies – Jitka Kupčová – 2002
Minister of Education, Youth and Sport – Petra Buzková – 2002
Minister of Information Technologies – Dana Bérová – 2005
Minister of Agriculture – Milena Vicenová – 2006
Minister of Culture – Helena Třeštíková – 2007
Minister of Defense – Vlasta Parkanová – 2007
Minister without Portfolio – Džamila Stehlíková – 2007
Vice-President of the Senate – Alena Gajdůšková – 2008
Governor of Plzeňský region – Milada Emmerová – 2008
Governor of Ústecký region – Jana Vaňhová – 2008
Deputy Prime Minister – Vlasta Parkanová – 2009
Minister of Environment – Rut Bízková – 2010
Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies – Miroslava Němcová – 2010
Minister of Labour and Social Affairs – Ludmila Müllerová – 2012
Minister of Regional Development – Věra Jourová – 2014
Mayor of Prague – Adriana Krnáčová – 2014
European Commissioner for Justice and Consumers – Věra Jourová – 2014

Denmark

Regent – Margaret Sambiria – 1259
Monarch – Margaret I – 1387 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Education – Nina Bang – 1924^[36]
Minister without portfolio – Fanny Jensen – 1947^[37]
Minister for Justice – Helga Pedersen – 1950 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs – Bodil Koch – 1950^[38]
Speaker of the Landsting, Chamber of Parliament – Ingeborg Hansen – 1950^[39]
Minister for Trade – Lis Groes – 1953 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Economy – Marianne Jelved – 1993^[40]
European Commissioner for the Environment – Ritt Bjerregaard – 1995
Minister of Finance – Pia Gjellerup – 2000
Minister for Agriculture and Food – Mariann Fischer Boel – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}
Lord Mayor of Copenhagen – Ritt Bjerregaard – 2006^[41]
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Lene Espersen – 2010
Prime Minister – Helle Thorning-Schmidt – 2011
Speaker of the Folketing – Pia Kjærsgaard – 2015

Faroe Islands

Prime Minister – Marita Petersen – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Speaker of the Løgting – Marita Petersen – 1994
High Commissioner – Vibeke Larsen −1995^[42]

Greenland

Foreign minister – Aleqa Hammond – 2007
Chairperson of Landsting – Ruth Heilmann – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
High Commissioner – Mikaela Engell – 2011
Prime Minister – Aleqa Hammond – 2013

Estonia

Danish Estonia

Regent – Margaret Sambiria of Denmark – 1259

Autonomous Governorate of Estonia

Member of the Provincial Assembly – Anna Leetsmann – 1917^[43]

Republic of Estonia

Members of the Constituent Assembly – Emma Asson-Petersen, Marie Helene Aul, Minni Kurs-Olesk, Alma Ostra-Oinas, Johanna Päts, Helmi Press-Jansen and Marie Reisik – 1919^[44]
Members of the Riigikogu – Emma Asson-Petersen and Alma Ostra-Oinas – 1920^[45]
Members of the National Constituent Assembly – Linda Marie Eenpalu and Alma Jeets – 1937^[46]
Member of National Council (Second Chamber) – Linda Marie Eenpalu – 1938^[47]

Estonian Government in Exile

Minister without portfolio (in Exile) – Renate Kaasik – 1971^[48]
Secretary of State (in Exile) – Katrin Nyman-Metcalf – 1990^[49]
Minister of Justice (in Exile) – Aino Lepik von Wirén – 1990^[50]

Soviet occupation

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (acting) – Meta Vannas – 1978
Party leader – Lagle Parek of the National Independence Party – 1988^[51]
Minister of Social Welfare – Siiri Oviir – 1990^[52]

Republic of Estonia

Minister of Internal Affairs – Lagle Parek – 1992^[53]
Minister of Social Affairs – Marju Lauristin – 1992^[54]
Minister of Reforms – Liia Hänni – 1994^[55]
Minister of Economic Affairs – Liina Tõnisson – 1995^[56]
Mayor of Tallinn – Ivi Eenmaa – 1995^[57]
Minister of Culture – Signe Kivi – 1999^[58]
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Kristiina Ojuland – 2002^[59]
Minister of Education – Mailis Rand – 2002^[60]
County Governor (Tartu County) – Eha Pärn – 2003 (acting governor until 2004)^[61]
President of the Riigikogu – Ene Ergma – 2003^[62]
Mayor of Tartu – Laine Jänes – 2003^[63]
Minister of Agriculture – Ester Tuiksoo – 2004^[64]
Members of the European Parliament – Marianne Mikko and Siiri Oviir – 2004^[65]
Minister of Population Affairs – Urve Palo – 2007^[66]
Minister of Environment – Keit Pentus – 2011^[67]
Minister of Foreign Trade and Entrepreneurship – Anne Sulling – 2014
Minister of Finance – Maris Lauri – 2014
Chancellor of Justice – Ülle Madise – 2015
Minister of Entrepreneurship – Ülle Madise – 2015
President of Estonia – Kersti Kaljulaid – 2016^[68]

Finland

Swedish Realm

- Regent – Ingeborg of Norway – 1319

Swedish Realm

- Governor of Turku – Ebba Stenbock (acting interim governor) – 1597

Grand Duchy

- Member of Parliament – Miina Sillanpää, Alli Nissinen, Hilma Räsänen, Ida Aalle-Teljo, Anni Huotari, Mimmi Kanervo, Hilja Pärssinen, Maria Raunio, Jenny Upari, Eveliina Ala-Kulju, Hedvig Gebhard, Liisi Kivioja, Iida Vemmelpuu – 1907

Republic

- Minister of Social Affairs – Miina Sillanpää – 1926
- Minister without portfolio – Hertta Kuusinen – 1948
- Deputy Prime Minister of Finland – Tyyne Leivo-Larsson – 1958
- Education Minister – Kerttu Saalasti – 1954
- Minister of Justice – Inkeri Anttila – 1975
- Minister of Commerce and Industry – Pirkko Työläjärvi – 1981
- Minister of Interior – Kaisa Raatikainen – 1984
- Defence minister – Elisabeth Rehn – 1990 ^{[citation needed]}
- Foreign minister – Tarja Halonen – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
- Minister of Environmental Affairs – Sirpa Pietikäinen – 1991
- Minister of Transport – Tuula Linnainmaa – 1995
- Minister of Labour – Sinikka Mönkäre – 1999
- Minister of Health and Social Services – Eva Biaudet – 1999
- Minister of Culture – Suvi Lindén – 1999
- Minister of Agriculture – Sirkka-Liisa Anttila – 2007
- Finance minister – Jutta Urpilainen – 2011
- Mayor of Helsinki – Eva-Riitta Siitonen – 1996
- Mayor of Tampere – Anna-Kaisa Ikonen – 2013
- President – Tarja Halonen – 2000 ^{[citation needed]}
- Speaker of the Parliament – Riitta Uosukainen – 1995
- Prime Minister – Anneli Jäätteenmäki – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}

Åland

Lantråd (Premier) – Viveka Eriksson – 2007 ^{[citation needed]}

France

Regent – Anne of Kiev – 1060
Undersecretary of State for national education – Cécile Brunschvicg – 1936
Undersecretary of state for Public Health – Suzanne Lacore – 1936
Undersecretary of state for Science – Irène Joliot-Curie – 1936
Minister of Health – Simone Veil – 1974
Prefect – Yvette Chassagne (Loir-et-Cher) – 1981
Mayor of Strasbourg – Catherine Trautmann – 1989
European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud – Christiane Scrivener – 1989
Prime Minister – Édith Cresson – 1991
Minister of Labour – Martine Aubry – 1997
Minister of Justice – Élisabeth Guigou – 1997
Mayor of Lille – Martine Aubry – 2001
Minister of Defence – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2002
Mayor of Montpellier – Hélène Mandroux – 2004
Minister of the Interior – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2007
Minister of Finance – Christine Lagarde – 2007
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2010
Mayor of Paris – Anne Hidalgo – 2014

Georgia

Kingdom

Regent – Mariam of Vaspurakan – 1027
Monarch – Tamar – 1178–1210

Republic

Speaker of the Georgian Parliament – Nino Burjanadze – 2003 – 2004 and 2007 ^{[citation needed]}
President (acting) – Nino Burjanadze – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Foreign Affairs – Salomé Zurabishvili – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Economic Development – Ekaterine Sharashidze – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Defense – Tina Khidasheli – 1 May 2015

Germany

Weimar

Regent – Adelaide of Italy and Theophanu (co-regents) – 983
Weimar National Assembly – Louise Schroeder – 1919
Members of the Parliament – 37 women, among them being Marie Baum, Marie Juchacz – 1919

Allied Occupation

Mayor of Berlin – Louise Schroeder – 1947

Democratic Republic

Member of the Presidium of the Volkskammer – Friedel Malter – 1948
Minister of Justice – Hilde Benjamin – 1953
President of the Volkskammer and Acting Head of state – Sabine Bergmann-Pohl – 1990 ^{[citation needed]}

Federal Republic (West)

State secretary of Youth and Family Affairs – Gabriele Wülker – 1957
Minister of Health – Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt – 1961 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Bundestag – Annemarie Renger – 1972 ^{[citation needed]}

Federal Republic (United)

Minister of Justice – Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger – 1992 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister-President of any German state – Heide Simonis (of Schleswig-Holstein) – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Monika Wulf-Mathies – 1994
Mayor of Frankfurt – Petra Roth – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Chancellor – Angela Merkel – 2005 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Defence – Ursula von der Leyen – 2013

Greece

Kingdom

Regent – Queen Olga – 1920
Member of Parliament – Eleni Skoura – 1953
Mayor – Maria Desylla-Kapodistria, (Corfu (city)) – 1953
Government minister and Minister for Social Welfare – Lina Tsaldari – 1956

Republic

Minister for Culture – Melina Mercouri – 1981 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Education and Religious Affairs – Marietta Giannakou-Koutsikou – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Environment – Vassiliki "Vaso" Papandreou – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs – Anna Diamantopoulou – 1999
Mayor of Athens – Dora Bakoyannis – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Parliament – Anna Psarouda-Benaki – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Foreign Affairs – Dora Bakoyannis – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Tourism – Fani Palli-Petralia – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Prime Minister (acting, not elected) – Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou – 2015

Hungary

Kingdom

Monarch – Mary of Hungary – 1382
Member of Parliament – Margit Slachta – 1920

People's Republic

Speaker of the National Assembly – Erzsébet Metzker Vass – 1963 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Health – Anna Ratkó – 1950
Minister of Education – Valéria Benke – 1958

Republic

Minister for Justice – Ibolya Dávid – 1998 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Interior – Mónika Lamperth – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Equality – Katalin Lévai – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign Minister – Kinga Göncz – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Health Minister – Ágnes Horváth – 2007
Minister of National Development – Zsuzsanna Németh – 2011

Iceland

Kingdom

Member of a City Council – Bríet Bjarnhéðinsdóttir – 1908
Member of Parliament – Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason – 1922^[69]

Republic

Mayor of Reykjavik City – Auður Auðuns – 1960
Speaker of Parliament (lower house) – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1961^[70]
Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs – Auður Auðuns – 1970^[71]
President – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir – 1980^[72]
Speaker of Parliament (upper house) – Salome Þorkelsdóttir – 1983^[73]
Minister of Education, Science and Culture – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1983^[70]
Minister of Health and Social Security – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1985^[70]
Speaker of Parliament (bicameral united house) – Salome Þorkelsdóttir – 1991^[73]
Speaker of Parliament (unicameral) – Salome Þorkelsdóttir – 1991^[73]
Minister for the Environment – Siv Friðleifsdóttir – 1999^[74]
Minister of Industry – Valgerður Sverrisdóttir – 1999^[75]
Minister for Foreign Affairs – Valgerður Sverrisdóttir – 2006^[75]
Prime Minister – Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir – 2009^[76]
Minister of Finance – Oddný Guðbjörg Harðardóttir – 2011^[77]

Ireland

Kingdom (medieval)

High Queen of Ireland – Macha Mong Ruad – LGE 4th/3rd century BC – FFE 468–461 BC – AFM 661–654 BC

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Member of Parliament – Constance Markievicz – 1918^[78]

Irish Republic

Minister for Labour – Constance Markievicz – 1919^[79]

Free State

Senator – Eileen Costello, Alice Stopford Green, Ellen Cuffe and Jennie Wyse Power – 1922^[80]

Republic

Lord Mayor of Dublin – Kathleen Clarke – 1939^[81]
Lord Mayor of Cork – Jane Dowdall – 1959
Department of state Secretary-General – Thekla Beere – 1959^[82]
Council of State Member – Honor Crowley – 1964
Minister of State – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1977^[83]
Member of the European Parliament – Eileen Desmond and Síle de Valera – 1979^[84]^[85]
Minister for the Gaeltacht – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1979^[83]
Minister for Health and Social Welfare – Eileen Desmond – 1981^[86]
Minister for Education – Gemma Hussey – 1982^[87]
President – Mary Robinson – 1990^[88]
Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1992^[83]
Minister for Justice – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1993^[83]
Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) – Mary Harney – 1997^[89]
Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment – Mary Harney – 1997^[89]
Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands – Síle de Valera – 1997^[85]
Minister for Agriculture and Food – Mary Coughlan – 2002^[90]
Government Chief Whip – Mary Hanafin – 2002^[91]
European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 2009^[92]
Attorney General of Ireland – Máire Whelan – 2011
Minister for Children and Youth Affairs – Frances Fitzgerald – 2001^[93]
Leader of the Labour Party – Joan Burton – 2014

Italy

Minister for Health – Tina Anselmi – 1978 (as well as first woman government minister) ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Chamber of Deputies – Nilde Iotti – 1979 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Education – Franca Falcucci – 1982 ^{[citation needed]}
Senator for Life – Camilla Ravera – 1982 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Tourism – Margherita Boniver – 1992 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Lombardia – Fiorella Ghilardotti – 1992 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Agriculture and Forests – Adriana Poli Bortone – 1994 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection – Emma Bonino – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Susanna Agnelli – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister without Portfolio – Livia Turco – 1996 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Equal Opportunities – Anna Finocchiaro – 1996 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Cultural Activities and Sport – Giovanna Melandri – 1998 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Interior – Rosa Russo Iervolino – 1998 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Trentino-Alto Adige – Margherita Cogo – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Umbria – Maria Rita Lorenzetti – 2000 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Naples – Rosa Russo Iervolino – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Piedmont – Mercedes Bresso – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of European Politics and International Trade – Emma Bonino – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Milan – Letizia Moratti – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of the Environment – Stefania Prestigiacomo – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Democratic Party (Italy) – Rosy Bindi – 2009 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Lazio – Renata Polverini – 2010 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Justice – Paola Severino – 2011 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Friuli-Venezia Giulia – Debora Serracchiani – 2013 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Integration – Cécile Kyenge – 2013 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Defence – Roberta Pinotti – 2014 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Economic Development – Federica Guidi – 2014 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Constitutional Reforms and Parliamentary Relations – Maria Elena Boschi – 2014 ^{[citation needed]}

Latvia

Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet – Valentina S. Klibike – 1975 ^{[citation needed]}

Republic

Deputy minister of Education – Valērija Seile – 1921
President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
Speaker of the Saeima – Ilga Kreituse – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign minister – Sandra Kalniete – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Agriculture and Fisheries – Sandra Kalniete – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Defence minister – Linda Mūrniece – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Prime Minister – Laimdota Straujuma – 2014 ^{[citation needed]}

Liechtenstein

Minister of Foreign Affairs – Andrea Willi – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}

Lithuania

Republic

Members of Parliament – Felicija Bortkevičienė, Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė – 1920
Speaker of the constituent session of the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania – Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė – 15 May 1920^[94]
Prime Minister – Kazimira Prunskienė – 1990^[95]
European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget – Dalia Grybauskaitė – 2004
President – Dalia Grybauskaitė – 2009^[96]
Foreign minister (acting) – Rasa Juknevičienė – 2010

Luxembourg

County, Duchy and Grand Duchy

Monarch – Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg – 1197

Grand Duchy

Grand Duchess – Marie-Adélaïde – 1912 ^{[citation needed]}
Deputy Prime Minister – Colette Flesch – 1980 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Foreign Affairs – Colette Flesch – 1980 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Luxembourg City – Lydie Polfer – 1982 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Chamber of Deputies – Erna Hennicot-Schoepges – 1989 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality – Martine Reicherts – 2009 ^{[citation needed]}

Macedonia

Minister of Development – Sofija Todorova – 1992
Minister without portfolio – Gordana Siljanovska – 1992
Interior minister – Dosta Dimovska – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign minister – Ilinka Mitreva – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of justice – Meri Mladenovska Gjorgjievska – 2002
Prime Minister (acting) – Radmila Šekerinska – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Social Democratic Union of Macedonia – Radmila Šekerinska – 2006
Minister of Culture – Elizabeta Kanceska Milevska – 2008

Malta

Colony

Member of Parliament – Agatha Barbara – 1947 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister – Agatha Barbara – 1955 ^{[citation needed]}

Republic

President – Agatha Barbara – 1982 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor – Rita Cutajar, Mayor of Għasri, Gozo – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Speaker of the House of Representatives – Myriam Spiteri Debono – 1996 ^{[citation needed]}

Moldova

Speaker of the Parliament – Eugenia Ostapciuc – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
Prime Minister – Zinaida Greceanîi – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Finance minister – Marianna Durlesteanu – 2008.^[97]
Foreign minister – Natalia Gherman – 2013

Transnistria

unrecognized, secessionist state

Foreign minister – Nina Shtanski – 2012
Prime Minister – Tatiana Turanskaya – 2013

Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro

Speaker of Parliament – Vesna Perović – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
Supreme State Attorney – Vesna Medenica – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of City/President of Municipality (first elected) – Marija-Maja Ćatović – 2005 ^{[citation needed]}

Republic of Montenegro

Deputy Prime Minister- Gordana Đurović – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}

Netherlands

Spanish Netherlands

Governor- Margaret of Austria- 1507–1530

Dutch Republic

Diplomat – Bartholda van Swieten – 1615
Regent (acting stadtholder) – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange – 1751

Kingdom

Monarch – Queen Wilhelmina – 1890 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the House of Representatives of the States-General – Suze Groeneweg – 1917 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the Senate of the States-General – Carry Pothuis-Smit – 1920^[98]
Alderman – Eiske ten Bos-Harkema – 1924
Mayor – Truus Beliën – 1946
Minister of Social Work – Marga Klompé – 1956
Party chair – Haya van Someren – 1969
Minister of Health and Hygiene – Irene Vorrink – 1973
Parliamentary leader in the Senate – Haya van Someren – 1976
Party leader – Ria Beckers – 1977
Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives – Ria Beckers – 1977
Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management – Neelie Kroes – 1982
Minister for Development Cooperation – Eegje Schoo – 1982
Minister of the Interior – Ien Dales – 1989
Minister of Justice – Winnie Sorgdrager – 1994
Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment – Margreeth de Boer – 1994
Deputy Prime Ministers – Annemarie Jorritsma and Els Borst – 1998
Minister of Economic Affairs – Annemarie Jorritsma – 1998
Speaker of the House of Representatives – Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven – 1998
Minister of Education, Culture and Science – Maria van der Hoeven – 2002
Minister for Integration and Immigration – Rita Verdonk – 2003
President of the Senate – Yvonne Timmerman-Buck – 2003
European Commissioner – Neelie Kroes – 2004
Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality – Gerda Verburg – 2007
Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment – Melanie Schultz van Haegen – 2010
Minister of Defence – Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert – 2012

Norway

Monarch – Margaret I – 1388
Deputy member of the Norwegian Parliament – Anna Rogstad – 1911
Member of the Norwegian Parliament – Karen Platou – 1921
Mayor – Aasa Helgesen (in Utsira) – 1926
Minister of Social Affairs – Kirsten Hansteen – 1945
State Secretary – Elsa Rastad Bråten – 1971
President of the Lagting – Torild Skard – 1973
Minister of the Environment – Gro Harlem Brundtland – 1974
County Governor – Ebba Lodden (in Aust-Agder) – 1974
Prime Minister – Gro Harlem Brundtland – 1981^[99]
President of the Odelsting – Åshild Hauan – 1985
Mayor of Oslo – Ann-Marit Sæbønes – 1992
President of the Storting – Kirsti Kolle Grøndahl – 1993
Governor of Svalbard – Ann-Kristin Olsen – 1995
Minister of Defence – Eldbjørg Løwer – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Finance – Kristin Halvorsen – 2005

Other political positions

Party leader – Eva Kolstad (Liberal) – 1974

Poland

Kingdom (1385–1569)

Monarch – Jadwiga of Poland – 1384 ^{[citation needed]}

Second Republic

First members of Sejm (lower house of the parliament) – Gabriela Balicka, Jadwiga Dziubińska, Irena Kosmowska, Maria Moczydłowska, Zofia Moraczewska, Anna Piasecka, Zofia Sokolnicka, Franciszka Wilczkowiakowa, Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer – 1919 ^{[citation needed]}
Senator – Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska – 1928 ^{[citation needed]}

People's Republic

Minister of Justice – Zofia Wasilkowska – 1956 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Administration, Land Economy and Environment – Maria Milczarek – 1976 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Labor, Welfare and Social Policy – Maria Milczarek – 1979 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Education and Behaviour – Joanna Michałowska-Gumowska – 1985 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Health and Welfare – Izabela Płaneta-Małecka – 1988 ^{[citation needed]}

Republic

Minister of Culture and Art – Izabella Cywińska – 1989 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Industry and Commerce – Henryka Bochniarz – 1991 ^{[citation needed]}
Prime Minister – Hanna Suchocka – 1992 ^{[citation needed]}
Chairman of the National Bank of Poland – Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz – 1992 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Construction and Spatial Management – Barbara Blida – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Marshal of the Senate – Alicja Grześkowiak – 1997 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Finance – Halina Wasilewska-Trenkner – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of State Treasury – Aldona Kamela-Sowińska – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of European Affairs – Danuta Hübner – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Deputy Prime Minister – Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Social Policy – Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Danuta Hübner – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Regional Development – Grażyna Gęsicka – 2005 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Anna Fotyga – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Warsaw – Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz – 2006 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Sport and Tourism – Elżbieta Jakubiak – 2007 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Science and Higher Education – Barbara Kudrycka – 2007 ^{[citation needed]}
Marshal of the Sejm – Ewa Kopacz – 2011

Portugal

County

Regent – Theresa, Countess of Portugal – 1112

Kingdom

Monarch (disputed) – Beatrice of Portugal – 1383 ^{[citation needed]}
Monarch – Maria I – 1777 ^{[citation needed]}

Republic

Minister of Social Affairs – Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo – 1974
Prime Minister – Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo – 1979 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Health – Leonor Beleza – 1985 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Education – Manuela Ferreira Leite – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Environment – Teresa Patrício de Gouveia – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Planning – Elisa Ferreira – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Finance – Manuela Ferreira Leite – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Justice – Celeste Cardona ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Science and Higher Education – Graça Carvalho – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Teresa Patrício de Gouveia – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Culture – Maria João Bustorff – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Leader of the Opposition – Manuela Ferreira Leite – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Assembly of the Republic – Maria da Assunção Esteves – 2011

Romania

Kingdom

Mayor – Luiza Zavloschi, (Buda (Bogdănești)) – 1930

People's Republic

Minister of Foreign Affairs – Ana Pauker – 1947 ^{[citation needed]}
First Deputy Prime Minister – Elena Ceauşescu – 1980 ^{[citation needed]}

Republic

Minister of Education- Ecaterina Andronescu – 2000 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Justice – Monica Macovei – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Prefect (of Bucharest) – Mioara Mantale – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Chamber of Deputies – Roberta Anastase – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Tourism – Elena Udrea – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Corina Crețu – 2014 ^{[citation needed]}

Russia

Imperial

Regent – Elena Glinskaya – 1533
Monarch – Catherine I of Russia – 1725

Intermin Republic

Vice Minister of State Welfare and Vice Minister of Education – Sofia Panina – 1917

Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic

Commissar (Minister): Alexandra Kollontai – First female minister in the world – 1917
Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union : Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1924
Deputy minister (Comissar) of Education : Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1929
Member of the Supreme Soviet : Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1931
Member of the Politburo : Ekaterina Furtseva – 1957

Federation

Governor : Valentina Matviyenko – 2003
Mayor of Saint Petersburg : Valentina Matviyenko – 2003
Chairwoman of the Federation Council of Russia: Valentina Matviyenko – 2011

San Marino

Co-Captain Regent – Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini – 1981 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign minister – Antonella Mularoni – 2008

Serbia

Imperial

Regent- Helena of Bulgaria – 1355 – 1357

Moravian

Empress- Princess Milica of Serbia – 1389 – 1402

Despotate

Monarch – Jelena (Marija) – 1458 – 1459

Principality

Education and Art adviser - Katarina Ivanović – 1870

Socialist Yugoslavian Republic

Minister of Education – Mitra Mitrović – 1945 – 1948
Minister of Labour – Spasenija Cana Babović – 1946 – 1948
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health – Spasenija Cana Babović – 1948 – 1953

Federal Yugoslavia

Mayor of Belgrade – Slobodanka Gruden – 1993 – 1994
Minister of Social affairs, family and equality – Margit Savović – 1994 – 1996
Mirjana Marković – leader of party Yugoslav Left – 1994 – 2001
Deputy Prime Minister – Maja Gojković – 1998 – 2000
Minister of Self-government – Gordana Pop Lazić – 1998 – 2000
Minister of Information – Radmila Milentijević – 1998 – 2000
Minister of Economic transformation Jorgovanka Tabaković 1998–2000
Minister of Labour and Employment – Gordana Matković – 2001 – 2004
President of Party of successful women – Margit Savović – 2001 – 2004
Minister of Environment – Anđelka Mihajlov – 2001 -2002
President of the Supreme Court – Leposava Karamarković – 2001 -2002
Minister of Traffic and Telecommunication – Marija Rašeta Vukosavljević – 2001 – 2004
Speaker of the National Assembly of Serbia – Nataša Mićić – 2001 – 2004
President (acting) – Nataša Mićić – 2002 – 2003
Minister of Energy and Mining Kori Udovički – 2001 – 2003
Governor of a National Bank of Serbia Kori Udovički – 2003 – 2004
Minister of Education – Ljiljana Čolić – 2004
Mayor of Novi Sad – Maja Gojković – 2004 – 2008

Republic of Serbia

Deputy Prime Minister – Ivana Dulić-Marković – 2006
Minister of Science – Ana Pešikan – 2007 – 2008
Minister of Telecommunication and Informatics 2007 – 2008 – Aleksandra Smiljanić
President of the Constitutional Court of Serbia – Bosa Nenadić 2007 – 2010
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy 2011– 2012 – Verica Kalanović
Minister of Finance – Diana Dragutinović – 2008 – 2011
Minister of Justice – Snežana Malović – 2008 – 2012
Mayor of Pančevo – Vesna Martinović – 2008 – 2012
President of the Supreme Court of Cassation – Nata Mesarović – 2010 – 2013
State Attorney – Zagorka Dolovac – 2012 –
President (acting) – Slavica Đukić Dejanović – 2012
President of Christian Democratic Party of Serbia – Olgica Batić – 2011 –
President of party Together for Vojvodina – Olena Papuga – 2012 –
Minister of Energy – Zorana Mihajlović – 2012 – 2014
Deputy Prime Minister – Suzana Grubješić – 2012 – 2013
Mayor of Smederevo – Jasna Avramović – 2012 –
Governor of a National Bank of Serbia – Jorgovanka Tabaković – 2012 –
Speaker of the National Assembly of Serbia – Maja Gojković – 2014 –
Deputy Prime Minister and a Minister of Transportation, Construction and Infrastructure Zorana Mihajlović – 2014
Deputy Prime Minister and a Minister of State and Local Governments Kori Udovički – 2014 –
Minister of Agriculture and Environment – Snežana Bogosavljević Bošković- 2014 –
Minister of European Integration – Jadranka Joksimović – 2014 –
President of Democratic Party of Serbia – Sanda Rašković Ivić – 2014 –
Mayor of Vršac – Dragana Mitrović – 2016 –
Mayor of Sombor – Dušanka Golubović – 2016 –

Kosovo

partially recognized secessionist state under nominal international administration

Foreign minister (acting) – Vlora Çitaku – 2010
President – Atifete Jahjaga – 2011

Slovakia

Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family – Oľga Keltošová – 1993 (also Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia since 1992)
Minister of Justice – Katarína Tóthová – 1993 (also Minister of Justice of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia since 1992)
Minister of Health – Irena Belohorská – 1993
Deputy Prime Minister – Brigita Schmögnerová – 1994
Minister of Education – Eva Slavkovská – 1994
Minister of Foreign Affairs – Zdenka Kramplová – 1997
Minister of Privatization – Mária Machová – 1998
Minister of Finance – Brigita Schmögnerová – 1998
Deputy Speaker of the National Council of the Slovak Republic – Zuzana Martináková – 2002
Minister of Agriculture – Zdenka Kramplová – 2007
Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Slovakia – Ivetta Macejková – 2007
Prime Minister – Iveta Radičová – 2010

Note: Independent Slovak Republic was established on January 1, 1993. First female politicians of Slovak Republic as a part of Czech and Slovak Federative Republic are not included above.

List of Slovak female holders of political offices before independence:

Czechoslovakia

Member of Parliament – Irena Kaňová – 1919
Commissioner for Health and Social Welfare (equivalent to minister) – Emília Janečková-Muríňová – 1950
Minister of Health and Social Affairs – Eva Tökölyová – 1986
Minister of State Audit – Mária Kolaříková – 1989

Czech and Slovak Federative Republic

Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family – Helena Woleková – 1991
Minister of Trade and Tourism – Jana Kotová – 1992
Minister of Justice – Katarína Tóthová – 1992
Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family – Oľga Keltošová – 1992

Slovenia

Ministry of Health – Katja Boh – 1990
Minister of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities – Jožica Puhar – 1990
Minister of Veterans and War Invalides – Ana Osterman – 1990
Ministry of Justice – Metka Zupančič – 1994
Ministry of Economy Development and Technologies – Tea Petrin – 2000
Ministry of Culture – Andreja Rihter – 2000
Ministry of Education, Science and Sport – Lucija Čok – 2000
Ministry without Portfolio (Regional Development) – Zdenka Kovač – 2002
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry – Zdenka Kovač – 2004
Minister of the Interior – Katarina Kresal – 2008
Ministry of Public Administration – Irma Pavlinič Krebs – 2008
Minister of Defence – Ljubica Jelušič – 2008
Prime Minister – Alenka Bratušek – 2013
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning – Irena Majcen – 2014
European Commissioner for Transport – Violeta Bulc – 2014

Spain

Kingdom

Monarch (of Castile, León and Galicia) and held the imperial title Suo jure Empress of All the Spains – Urraca of León and Castile – 1109–1126
Monarch- Berengaria of Castile 1217
Monarch (of Crown of Castile) – Isabel I of Castile – 1474–1504
Queen Governor – Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies – 1833–1840
Monarch – Isabel II – 1833–1868 ^{[citation needed]}
Regent of Spain -Maria Christina of Austria 1885–1902
Mayor – Matilde Pérez Mollá – 1924

Second Republic

Members of Parliament – Margarita Nelken, Clara Campoamor and Victoria Kent – 1931
Minister of Health – Federica Montseny – 1936 ^{[citation needed]}

Francoist Spain

Mayor of Bilbao – Pilar Careaga – 1969 ^{[citation needed]}

Kingdom (restored)

Mayoress of Vigo – Enma González – 1978 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Culture – Soledad Becerril – 1981 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Valencia – Clementina Ródenas – 1988 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Region of Murcia – María Antonia Martínez – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Seville – Soledad Becerril – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Saragossa – Luisa Fernanda Rudi – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Málaga – Celia Villalobos – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Environment – Isabel Tocino – 1996 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Agriculture – Loyola de Palacio – 1996 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Justice – Margarita Mariscal de Gante – 1996 ^{[citation needed]}
President of Senate – Esperanza Aguirre – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Education – Esperanza Aguirre – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Cordóba – Rosa Aguilar – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Gijón – Paz Fernández – 1999 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Transport and Energy – Loyola de Palacio – 1999
Minister of Industry – Anna Birulés – 2000 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign minister – Ana Palacio – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Public Administrations – Julia García-Valdecasas – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Community of Madrid – Esperanza Aguirre – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Las Palmas – Josefa Luzardo – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayoress of Palma de Mallorca – Catalina Cirer – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Public Works – Magdalena Álvarez – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Presidency – María Teresa Fernández de la Vega – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Housing – María Antonia Trujillo – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
First Vice President of the Government – María Teresa Fernández de la Vega – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Defense – Carme Chacón – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Science and Innovation – Cristina Garmendia – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Equality – Bibiana Aído – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Alicante – Sonia Castedo – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Economy – Elena Salgado – 2009 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Madrid – Ana Botella – 2014

Sweden

Kingdom

During the Kalmar Union (1397-1520), Sweden-Finland was in union with Denmark and Norway, but maintained its own administration. Sweden was in union with Norway during the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814-1905), but each country had its own administration and laws, and thus should be listed separately.

Regent: Ingeborg of Norway – 1319
Monarch – Margaret I – 1389 ^{[citation needed]}
Governor (häradshövding) of Stranda Hundred – Sigrid Sture – 1577
Ambassador (to Russia) - Catharina Stopia - 1632
Member of a government comity: Sophie Adlersparre and Hilda Caselli - 1885
Member of the Executive Committee of a Political party – Kata Dalström – 1900
Chairperson of the Women's trades union – Anna Sterky – 1902
Member of the City Council of Stockholm – Gertrud Månsson – 1910
Member of a City Council – 37 women, among them Hanna Lindberg – 1910
Member of the legislative assembly – Emilia Broomé – 1914
Member of the Riksdag (lower house) – Elisabeth Tamm, Agda Östlund, Nelly Thüring and Bertha Wellin – 1921 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the Riksdag (upper house) – Kerstin Hesselgren – 1921 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister without portfolio – Karin Kock-Lindberg – 1947 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Public Housekeeping – Karin Kock-Lindberg – 1948 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Family, Consumption, Aid and Immigration – Ulla Lindström – 1954
Acting Prime Minister – Ulla Lindström – 1958
Permanent Representative of Sweden to the United Nations – Agda Rössel – 1958
Chairperson of City Council – Blenda Ljungberg – 1959 ^{[citation needed]}
Municipal commissioner – Ella Tengbom-Velander – 1967 ^{[citation needed]}
Supreme Court Justice – Ingrid Gärde Widemar – 1968 ^{[citation needed]}
County Governor – Camilla Odhnoff – 1974 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Foreign Affairs – Karin Söder – 1976 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Health and Social Affairs – Karin Söder – 1979 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Education – Lena Hjelm-Wallén – 1982 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Employment – Anna-Greta Leijon – 1982 ^{[citation needed]}
Leader of a political party represented in the Riksdag – Karin Söder – 1985 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Justice – Anna-Greta Leijon – 1987 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for the Environment – Birgitta Dahl – 1987 ^{[citation needed]}
Speaker of the Riksdag – Ingegerd Troedsson – 1991 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Finance – Anne Wibble – 1991 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Culture – Birgit Friggebo – 1991 ^{[citation needed]}
Deputy Prime Minister – Mona Sahlin – 1994 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Agriculture – Margareta Winberg – 1994 ^{[citation needed]}
European Commissioner for Immigration, Justice, Home Affairs and Financial Control – Anita Gradin – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Defence – Leni Björklund – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}
Mayor of Stockholm – Annika Billström – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}

Switzerland

Member of a citizens' council – Trudy Späth-Schweizer – 1958
President of a Cantonal Parliament (of Geneva) – Emma Kammacher – 1965 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the Swiss Council of States – Lise Girardin – 1971 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the Swiss National Council – Nelly Wicky, Lilian Uchtenhagen, Hanny Thalmann, Liselotte Spreng, Hanna Sahlfeld, Martha Ribi, Gabrielle Nanchen, Josi Meier, Hedi Lang, Tilo Frey, Elisabeth Blunschy – 1971 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Swiss National Council – Elisabeth Blunschy – 1977 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of a Cantonal Executive (of Zurich) – Hedi Lang – 1983 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the Swiss Federal Council – Elisabeth Kopp – 1984^[100]
Justice minister – Elisabeth Kopp – 1984
Vice-President of the Swiss Confederation – Elisabeth Kopp – 1989 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Swiss Council of States – Josi Meier – 1991 ^{[citation needed]}
Landammann of Schwyz – Margrit Weber-Röllin – 1992
Schultheiss of Lucerne – Brigitte Mürner-Gilli – 1992
Landammann of Zug – Ruth Schwerzmann – 1993
Landammann of Aargau – Stéphanie Mörikofer – 1997
President of the Swiss Confederation – Ruth Dreifuss – 1999^[100]
Landammann of Uri – Gabi Huber – 2002 ^{[citation needed]}
Foreign minister – Micheline Calmy-Rey – 2003 ^{[citation needed]}
Landammann of Nidwalden – Lisbeth Gabriel – 2005 ^{[citation needed]}
Economics minister – Doris Leuthard – 2006
Landammann of Glarus – Marianne Dürst – 2008 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the Conseil d'État of the canton of Valais – Esther Waeber Kalbermatten – 2009
Mayor of Zurich – Corine Mauch – 2009

Turkey

Ottoman

Regent – Kösem Sultan – 1623

Republic

Members of Parliament – Hatı Çırpan and 17 others – 1935
Mayor (of Mersin) – Müfide İlhan – 1950
Minister of Health – Türkân Akyol – 1971
Minister of Labor Relations – Dr. Imren Aykut – 1987 ^{[citation needed]}
Provincial Governor (Muğla Province)- Lale Aytaman – 1991
Prime Minister – Tansu Çiller – 1993
Minister of the Interior – Dr. Meral Akşener – 1996^[101]
Deputy Premier and Foreign Minister – Tansu Çiller – 1996

Ukraine

Soviet Socialist Republic

Government minister and Minister of Interior – Evgenia Bosh – 1918
Acting Prime Minister – Evgenia Bosh – 1918
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet – Valentyna Shevchenko – 1984

Republic

Prime Minister – Yulia Tymoshenko – 2005 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Labor and Social Policy – Lyudmila Denysova – 2007 ^{[citation needed]}

United Kingdom

Great Britain

Monarch – Queen Anne – 1701^[102]

Great Britain and Ireland

Member of Parliament (elected) – Constance Markievicz – 1918^[78]
Member of Parliament (who took her seat) – Nancy Astor – 1919^[78]

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

Minister of Labour – Margaret Bondfield – 1929 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Education – Ellen Wilkinson – 1945 ^{[citation needed]}
Member of the House of Lords – Stella Isaacs, Marchioness of Reading – 1958
Government Whip – Harriet Slater – 1964^[103]
Minister of Pensions and National Insurance – Margaret Herbison – 1964 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister of Overseas Development – Barbara Castle – 1964 ^{[citation needed]}
Minister for Transport – Barbara Castle – 1965 ^{[citation needed]}
First Secretary of State – Barbara Castle – 1968 ^{[citation needed]}
Secretary of State for Social Services (Health) – Barbara Castle – 1974 ^{[citation needed]}
Leader of the Opposition – Margaret Thatcher – 1975 ^{[citation needed]}
Prime Minister – Margaret Thatcher – 1979^[104]
Leader of the House of Lords – Janet Young, Baroness Young – 1981^[105]
Speaker of the House of Commons – Betty Boothroyd – 1992^[106]
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food – Gillian Shephard – 1993 ^{[citation needed]}
Secretary of State for National Heritage (later Culture, Media and Sport) – Virginia Bottomley – 1995 ^{[citation needed]}
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – Mo Mowlam – 1997 ^{[citation needed]}
President of the Board of Trade – Margaret Beckett – 1997 ^{[citation needed]}
Leader of the House of Commons – Ann Taylor – 1997 ^{[citation needed]}
Chief Whip – Ann Taylor – 1998 ^{[citation needed]}
Solicitor General for England and Wales – Harriet Harman – 2001^[107]
Secretary of State for Scotland – Helen Liddell – 2001 ^{[citation needed]}
Deputy General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress – Frances O'Grady – 2003
Foreign Secretary – Margaret Beckett – 2006^[108]
Lord Speaker – Helene Hayman, Baroness Hayman – 2006
Home Secretary – Jacqui Smith – 2007^[109]
Attorney General – Baroness Scotland – 2007^[110]
European Commissioner for Trade – Catherine Ashton – 2008
Welsh Secretary – Cheryl Gillan – 2010^[111]
General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress – Frances O'Grady – 2013
Vice-President of the European Commission – Catherine Ashton – 2010

England

Regent – Edith of Scotland – 12th century
Monarch – Queen Mary I – 1553^[112]
Lord Mayor of Liverpool – Margaret Beavan – 1927
Lord Mayor of Sheffield – Ann Eliza Longden – 1936
Lord Mayor of York – Edna Annie Crichton – 1941
Lord Mayor of Leeds – Jessie Beatrice Kitson – 1942 (succeeded upon the death in office of Arthur Clark)
Lord Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne – Violet Hardisty Grantham – 1952
Lord Mayor of Leeds (elected) – Mary Pearce – 1958
Lord Mayor of Bristol – Florence Mills Brown – 1963
Lord Mayor of Manchester – Nellie Beer – 1966
Lord Mayor of Plymouth – Dorothy F Innes – 1971
Lord Mayor of Portsmouth – Phyllis Loe – 1972
Lord Mayor of Birmingham – Marjorie Alice Brown – 1973
Lord Mayor of London – Mary Donaldson – 1983
Deputy Mayor of London – Nicky Gavron – 2000
Chair of the London Assembly – Sally Hamwee – 2001
Police and Crime Commissioner – Vera Baird, Ann Barnes, Katy Bourne, Jane Kennedy, Sue Mountstevens – 2012

Northern Ireland

Parliament of Northern Ireland

Member of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland – Julia McMordie, Dehra Chichester – 1921
High Sheriff of Belfast – Julia McMordie – 1928
Minister of Health for Northern Ireland – Dehra Chichester – 1949
Lord Mayor of Belfast – Grace Bannister – 1982

Northern Ireland Assembly

Health Minister of Northern Ireland – Bairbre de Brún – 1999^{[citation needed]}
Presiding Officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly – Eileen Bell – 2007
First Minister – Arlene Foster – 2016

Scotland

Monarch – Margaret I of Scotland – 1286
Regent – Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland – 1437
Lord Provost of Glasgow – Dame Jean Roberts – 1960
Lord Provost of Edinburgh – Eleanor McLaughlin – 1988
Lord Provost of Aberdeen – Margaret Farquhar – 1996
Lord Provost of Dundee – Helen Wright – 1999
Solicitor General for Scotland – Elish Angiolini – 2001^{[citation needed]}
Lord Advocate – Elish Angiolini – 2006^{[citation needed]}
Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party – Annabel Goldie – 2006
Deputy First Minister – Nicola Sturgeon – 2007
Leader of the Scottish Labour Party – Wendy Alexander – 2007
Foreign Minister – Linda Fabiani – 2007
Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament – Tricia Marwick – 2011
Leader of the Scottish National Party – Nicola Sturgeon – 2014
First Minister – Nicola Sturgeon – 2014

Wales

Lord Mayor of Cardiff – Helena Evans – 1959
Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales – Jane Davidson – 1999
Deputy First Minister for Wales – Jenny Randerson – 2001^{[citation needed]}
Leader of Plaid Cymru – Leanne Wood – 2012

Vatican City

Vice Minister – Sister Enrica Rosanna – 2004 ^{[citation needed]}

Yugoslavia

President of the Federal Chamber – Stana Tomasević-Arnesen – 1979
President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) – Milka Planinc – 1982 ^{[citation needed]}

Footnotes and references

^ "Kuvendi i Republikës së Shqipërisë". Parlament.al. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ [1] ^{[dead link]}
^ hy:Հասմիկ Պողոսյան
^ http://netherlands.mfa.am/en/ambassador/
^ hy:Հերմինե Նաղդալյան
^ ^a ^b http://vietnam.mfa.am/en/ambassador/
^ http://armenpress.am/eng/news/743294/new-armenian-ambassador-to-indonesia-assigned.html
^ hy:Նաիրա Զոհրաբյան
^ http://news.am/eng/news/284710.html
^ "Women in power 1900–1940". Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ "Place Marie Janson" Le Soir 28/03/2003. Template:Fr icon
^ "Zonnebeke herdenkt eerste vrouwelijke burgemeester" Nieuwsblad.be 30/11/2011. Template:Nl icon
^ "Lucie Dejardin: la première femme élue députée" ps-bxl.be. Retrieved 16 May 2012. Template:Fr icon
^ "Femmes de Belgique, on vous aime!" Lalibre.be 09/06/2006. Template:Fr icon
^ "Gewezen CVP-minister Rika De Backer overleden" De Standaard 05/05/2002. Template:Nl icon
^ "Antwerpse Burgemeesters – Mathilde Schroyens" Gva.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Nl icon
^ "Antoinette Spaak. Le résultat des candidats FDF sera décisif pour les francophones le 10 juin" Fdf.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Fr icon
^ "Wonen in Brussel: Lydia De Pauw-Deveen (77)" brusselnieuws.be 27/10/2006. Template:Nl icon
^ ^a ^b "Sénat de Belgique – Belgische Senaat 22/12/1999" senate.be. Template:Fr icon Template:Nl icon
^ ^a ^b "Biografie van Miet Smet" Instituut voor de Gelijkheid van Vrouwen en Mannen, 2009. Template:Nl icon Template:Fr icon
^ "Wivina Demeester – CV" Demeester.com. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Nl icon
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Laurette Onkelinx" Lesoir.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Fr icon
^ "Magda De Galan: «On a eu un rêve»" Lelibre.be 13/03/2001. Template:Fr icon
^ ^a ^b "Isabelle Durant, vice-présidente du Parlement européen" Lelibre.be 24/06/2009. Template:Fr icon
^ "Anne-Marie Lizin, première présidente Constitution européenne : « Débattons-en au Sénat ! »" Le Soir 01/10/2004. Template:Fr icon
^ "Simonis Isabelle" pfwb.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Fr icon
^ "Marleen Vanderpoorten" vlaamsparlement.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Nl icon
^ "3rd Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ "5th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c "6th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ "Službene stranice Grada Zagreba – City of Zagreb – All Mayors". Zagreb.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c "7th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ ^a ^b "8th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. 2003-12-23. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ "9th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ "Croatia approves first female prime minister | Europe | Deutsche Welle | 07.07.2009". Dw-world.de. 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ Skou, Kaare R. (2005). Dansk politik A-Å Template:Da icon. Aschehoug, p. 110. ISBN 87-11-11652-8.
^ Haastrup, Lisbeth. Fanny Jensen (1890–1969) Template:Da icon. Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
^ Skou, Kaare R. (2005) Dansk politik A-Å Template:Da icon. Aschehoug, p. 377. ISBN 87-11-11652-8.
^ Sandvad, Karin. Ingeborg Hansen (1886–1954) Template:Da icon. Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
^ Højgaard, Lis. Marianne Jelved (1943 – ) Template:Da icon. Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
^ Kamp om borgmesterposterne landet over (2005-11-16) Template:Da icon. Dagbladet Information. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
^ world Statesmen.org
^ EEESTIMAA KUBERMANGU AJUTISE MAANÕUKOGU LIIKMED Template:Et icon
^ EESTI ASUTAV KOGU Template:Et icon
^ I Riigikogu Template:Et icon
^ RAHVUSKOGU Template:Et icon
^ VI RIIGIKOGU Template:Et icon
^ Heinrich Marki Eksiilvalitsus Template:Et icon
^ Riigisekretärid 1918–2003 Template:Et icon
^ Enno Penno Eksiilvalitsus Template:Et icon
^ Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei (ERSP) Template:Et icon
^ Edgar Savisaare Üleminekuvalitsus Template:Et icon
^ Siseministrid 1990–2008 Template:Et icon
^ Sotsiaalministeeriumi ajalugu Template:Et icon
^ Mart Laari esimene valitsus Template:Et icon
^ Majandusministrid 1990 – 2007 Template:Et icon
^ Tallinna linnapead Template:Et icon
^ Mart Laari teine valitsus Template:Et icon
^ Välisministrid läbi aegade Template:Et icon
^ Eesti haridusministrid Template:Et icon
^ Endised maavanemad Template:Et icon
^ Board of the Riigikogu Template:Et icon
^ Tartu linnapead Template:Et icon
^ Eesti põllumajandusjuhid-ministrid Template:Et icon
^ "List of MEPs from Estonia". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ "Ministers of the Government of Estonia". Valitsus.ee. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ "Ministers of the Government of Estonia". Valitsus.ee. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
^ Kersti Kaljulaid elected next President of Estonia
^ "Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Ragnhildur Helgadóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ "Auður Auðuns". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ "VigdÃs Finnbogadóttir". Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Salome Þorkelsdóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ "Siv Friðleifsdóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Valgerður Sverrisdóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ "Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ "Oddný G. Harðardóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "First lady of politics". BBC. 29 January 2008.
^ "Countess Constance Georgina de Markievicz". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Members of the 1922 Seanad". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
^ Clarke, Kathleen (2008), Kathleen Clarke: Revolutionary Woman. Dublin, O'Brien Press. p.293
^ "First Among Unequals". The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Mrs. Máire Geoghegan-Quinn". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
^ "Eileen Desmond". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Síle de Valera". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Mrs. Eileen Desmond". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Mrs. Gemma Hussey". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Elections Ireland: Presidential Elections". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
^ ^a ^b "Ms. Mary Harney". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Ms. Mary Coughlan". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Ms. Mary Hanafin". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Geoghegan-Quinn is Irish nominee to commission". The Irish Times. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
^ "Ms. Frances Fitzgerald". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Constituent Assembly (Seimas) 1920 – 1922". Seimas. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
^ Vitureau, Marielle (2009-05-18). "Lithuania elects first female president". France 24.
^ "EU budget chief wins Lithuania presidential election". Reuters. 2009-05-17. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
^ Independent Appeal: Moldova's Florence Nightingale, The Independent, 21 December 2010
^ "Wilhelmina Carolina Benjamina Smit (Carry Pothuis-Smit)". 2006-01-02. Retrieved 2011-02-12. Wel kwam Pothuis-Smit in de Amsterdamse gemeenteraad (1919–1924) en in de Eerste Kamer (1920–1937), waar zij het eerste vrouwelijke lid was.
^ "Previous Prime Ministers". The norwegian government. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
^ ^a ^b Swiss Federal Council#List of firsts in the Federal Council
^ "Stratejik Vizyon Ödülleri". Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ Anne was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 8 March 1702, and from 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union 1707, became Queen of the Kingdom of Great Britain. She held that position, in addition to remaining as Queen of Ireland, until her death on August 1, 1714. The first female monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland following the Act of Union 1800 was Queen Victoria, while the first female monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was Queen Elizabeth II.
^ Mastermind (1984 ed.). Treasure Press. p. 340.
^ BBC – History – Margaret Thatcher (1925 – ), BBC website . Retrieved 10 March 2008.
^ Baroness Young of Farnworth: Obituary, BBC News, 6 September 2002 . Retrieved 10 March 2008.
^ 1992: Betty Boothroyd is new speaker BBC News . Retrieved 8 July 2008.
^ Sylvester, Rachel (2 March 2003). "First female Solicitor General kicks the 'men in wigs' downstairs". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
^ Profile:Margaret Beckett, BBC News, 5 May 2006 . Retrieved 22 January 2008.
^ Profile:Jacqui Smith, BBC News, 19 July 2007 . Retrieved 22 January 2008.
^ O'Neill, Sean; Hamilton, Fiona (21 April 2008). "Baroness Scotland of Asthal, QC – Times Online". London: Times Online. Retrieved 11 May 2010. {{cite news}}: C1 control character in |last1= at position 3 (help)
^ Cheryl Gillan, the first woman Welsh Secretary BBC News 12 May 2010
^ Empress Matilda, who 'reigned' for a few months in 1141, preceded Mary but is normally excluded from lists of English monarchs.

[1] "Kuvendi i Republikës së Shqipërisë". Parlament.al. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[2] [1] ^{[dead link]}

[3] y:Հասմիկ Պողոսյան

[4] ttp://netherlands.mfa.am/en/ambassador/

[5] y:Հերմինե Նաղդալյան

[vietnam.mfa.am-6] ttp://vietnam.mfa.am/en/ambassador/

[7] ttp://armenpress.am/eng/news/743294/new-armenian-ambassador-to-indonesia-assigned.html

[8] y:Նաիրա Զոհրաբյան

[9] ttp://news.am/eng/news/284710.html

[10] "Women in power 1900–1940". Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[11] "Place Marie Janson" Le Soir 28/03/2003. Template:Fr icon

[12] "Zonnebeke herdenkt eerste vrouwelijke burgemeester" Nieuwsblad.be 30/11/2011. Template:Nl icon

[13] "Lucie Dejardin: la première femme élue députée" ps-bxl.be. Retrieved 16 May 2012. Template:Fr icon

[14] "Femmes de Belgique, on vous aime!" Lalibre.be 09/06/2006. Template:Fr icon

[15] "Gewezen CVP-minister Rika De Backer overleden" De Standaard 05/05/2002. Template:Nl icon

[16] "Antwerpse Burgemeesters – Mathilde Schroyens" Gva.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Nl icon

[17] "Antoinette Spaak. Le résultat des candidats FDF sera décisif pour les francophones le 10 juin" Fdf.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Fr icon

[18] "Wonen in Brussel: Lydia De Pauw-Deveen (77)" brusselnieuws.be 27/10/2006. Template:Nl icon

[senate.be-19] "Sénat de Belgique – Belgische Senaat 22/12/1999" senate.be. Template:Fr icon Template:Nl icon

[Biografie_van_Miet_Smet-20] "Biografie van Miet Smet" Instituut voor de Gelijkheid van Vrouwen en Mannen, 2009. Template:Nl icon Template:Fr icon

[21] "Wivina Demeester – CV" Demeester.com. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Nl icon

[Laurette_Onkelinx-22] "Laurette Onkelinx" Lesoir.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Fr icon

[23] "Magda De Galan: «On a eu un rêve»" Lelibre.be 13/03/2001. Template:Fr icon

[lalibre.be-24] "Isabelle Durant, vice-présidente du Parlement européen" Lelibre.be 24/06/2009. Template:Fr icon

[25] "Anne-Marie Lizin, première présidente Constitution européenne : « Débattons-en au Sénat ! »" Le Soir 01/10/2004. Template:Fr icon

[26] "Simonis Isabelle" pfwb.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Fr icon

[27] "Marleen Vanderpoorten" vlaamsparlement.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Template:Nl icon

[28] "3rd Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[29] "5th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[vlada.hr-30] "6th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[31] "Službene stranice Grada Zagreba – City of Zagreb – All Mayors". Zagreb.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[ReferenceA-32] "7th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[ReferenceB-33] "8th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. 2003-12-23. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[34] "9th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia – official web portal". Vlada.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[35] "Croatia approves first female prime minister | Europe | Deutsche Welle | 07.07.2009". Dw-world.de. 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[36] Skou, Kaare R. (2005). Dansk politik A-Å Template:Da icon. Aschehoug, p. 110. ISBN 87-11-11652-8.

[37] Haastrup, Lisbeth. Fanny Jensen (1890–1969) Template:Da icon. Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.

[38] Skou, Kaare R. (2005) Dansk politik A-Å Template:Da icon. Aschehoug, p. 377. ISBN 87-11-11652-8.

[39] Sandvad, Karin. Ingeborg Hansen (1886–1954) Template:Da icon. Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.

[40] Højgaard, Lis. Marianne Jelved (1943 – ) Template:Da icon. Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.

[41] Kamp om borgmesterposterne landet over (2005-11-16) Template:Da icon. Dagbladet Information. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.

[42] world Statesmen.org

[43] EEESTIMAA KUBERMANGU AJUTISE MAANÕUKOGU LIIKMED Template:Et icon

[44] EESTI ASUTAV KOGU Template:Et icon

[45] I Riigikogu Template:Et icon

[46] RAHVUSKOGU Template:Et icon

[47] VI RIIGIKOGU Template:Et icon

[48] Heinrich Marki Eksiilvalitsus Template:Et icon

[49] Riigisekretärid 1918–2003 Template:Et icon

[50] Enno Penno Eksiilvalitsus Template:Et icon

[51] Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei (ERSP) Template:Et icon

[52] Edgar Savisaare Üleminekuvalitsus Template:Et icon

[53] Siseministrid 1990–2008 Template:Et icon

[54] Sotsiaalministeeriumi ajalugu Template:Et icon

[55] Mart Laari esimene valitsus Template:Et icon

[56] Majandusministrid 1990 – 2007 Template:Et icon

[57] Tallinna linnapead Template:Et icon

[58] Mart Laari teine valitsus Template:Et icon

[59] Välisministrid läbi aegade Template:Et icon

[60] Eesti haridusministrid Template:Et icon

[61] Endised maavanemad Template:Et icon

[62] Board of the Riigikogu Template:Et icon

[63] Tartu linnapead Template:Et icon

[64] Eesti põllumajandusjuhid-ministrid Template:Et icon

[65] "List of MEPs from Estonia". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[66] "Ministers of the Government of Estonia". Valitsus.ee. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[67] "Ministers of the Government of Estonia". Valitsus.ee. Retrieved 2013-08-01.

[68] Kersti Kaljulaid elected next President of Estonia

[69] "Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[althingi.is-70] "Ragnhildur Helgadóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[71] "Auður Auðuns". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[72] "VigdÃs Finnbogadóttir". Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[ReferenceC-73] "Salome Þorkelsdóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[74] "Siv Friðleifsdóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[althingi.is1-75] "Valgerður Sverrisdóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[76] "Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[77] "Oddný G. Harðardóttir". Alþingi. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[bbc_astors-78] "First lady of politics". BBC. 29 January 2008.

[ConstanceMarkievicz-79] "Countess Constance Georgina de Markievicz". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[80] "Members of the 1922 Seanad". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 10 September 2011.

[Clarke-81] Clarke, Kathleen (2008), Kathleen Clarke: Revolutionary Woman. Dublin, O'Brien Press. p.293

[82] "First Among Unequals". The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 September 2011.

[MGQuinn-83] "Mrs. Máire Geoghegan-Quinn". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 27 November 2009.

[Eileen_Desmond_elecs_irl-84] "Eileen Desmond". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[De_Valera_elecs_irl-85] "Síle de Valera". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[EileenDesmond-86] "Mrs. Eileen Desmond". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[GemmaHussey-87] "Mrs. Gemma Hussey". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[88] "Elections Ireland: Presidential Elections". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 29 December 2008.

[MaryHarney-89] "Ms. Mary Harney". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[MaryCoughlan-90] "Ms. Mary Coughlan". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[MaryHanafin-91] "Ms. Mary Hanafin". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[92] "Geoghegan-Quinn is Irish nominee to commission". The Irish Times. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2009.

[FrancesFitzgerald-93] "Ms. Frances Fitzgerald". Oireachtas Members Database. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[94] "Constituent Assembly (Seimas) 1920 – 1922". Seimas. Retrieved 2009-05-30.

[95] Vitureau, Marielle (2009-05-18). "Lithuania elects first female president". France 24.

[96] "EU budget chief wins Lithuania presidential election". Reuters. 2009-05-17. Retrieved 2010-06-24.

[97] Independent Appeal: Moldova's Florence Nightingale, The Independent, 21 December 2010

[98] "Wilhelmina Carolina Benjamina Smit (Carry Pothuis-Smit)". 2006-01-02. Retrieved 2011-02-12. Wel kwam Pothuis-Smit in de Amsterdamse gemeenteraad (1919–1924) en in de Eerste Kamer (1920–1937), waar zij het eerste vrouwelijke lid was.

[99] "Previous Prime Ministers". The norwegian government. Retrieved 2011-01-30.

[sfc-100] Swiss Federal Council#List of firsts in the Federal Council

[101] "Stratejik Vizyon Ödülleri". Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[102] Anne was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 8 March 1702, and from 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union 1707, became Queen of the Kingdom of Great Britain. She held that position, in addition to remaining as Queen of Ireland, until her death on August 1, 1714. The first female monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland following the Act of Union 1800 was Queen Victoria, while the first female monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was Queen Elizabeth II.

[103] Mastermind (1984 ed.). Treasure Press. p. 340.

[104] BBC – History – Margaret Thatcher (1925 – ), BBC website . Retrieved 10 March 2008.

[105] Baroness Young of Farnworth: Obituary, BBC News, 6 September 2002 . Retrieved 10 March 2008.

[106] 1992: Betty Boothroyd is new speaker BBC News . Retrieved 8 July 2008.

[107] Sylvester, Rachel (2 March 2003). "First female Solicitor General kicks the 'men in wigs' downstairs". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 11 May 2010.

[108] Profile:Margaret Beckett, BBC News, 5 May 2006 . Retrieved 22 January 2008.

[109] Profile:Jacqui Smith, BBC News, 19 July 2007 . Retrieved 22 January 2008.

[110] O'Neill, Sean; Hamilton, Fiona (21 April 2008). "Baroness Scotland of Asthal, QC – Times Online". London: Times Online. Retrieved 11 May 2010. {{cite news}}: C1 control character in |last1= at position 3 (help)

[111] Cheryl Gillan, the first woman Welsh Secretary BBC News 12 May 2010

[112] Empress Matilda, who 'reigned' for a few months in 1141, preceded Mary but is normally excluded from lists of English monarchs.

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