List of ethnic slurs: Difference between revisions
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|Any non-Chinese |
|Any non-Chinese |
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|This word (and any variation of it) is extremely derogatory, since it means anyone other than Chinese have terrible attitude. (Gui or Guizi itself means demon) |
|This word (and any variation of it) is extremely derogatory, since it means anyone other than Chinese have terrible attitude. (Gui or Guizi itself means demon) |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0529/cs4.html|title=CNN Asiaweek: How Indonesian Am I?|website=CNN Asia|access-date=March 2, 2023}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0529/cs4.html|title=CNN Asiaweek: How Indonesian Am I?|website=CNN Asia|access-date=March 2, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Chee|first=Harold|title=The Chinese are irrationally xenophobic|date=2007|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230286771_7|journal=Myths about doing business in China|pages=75–84|editor-last=Chee|editor-first=Harold|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1057/9780230286771_7|isbn=9780230286771|access-date=2019-05-11|last2=West|first2=Chris|editor2-last=West|editor2-first=Chris}}</ref> |
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|[[Farang]] khi nok |
|[[Farang]] khi nok |
Revision as of 00:24, 2 March 2023
The following is a list of ethnic slurs or ethnophaulisms or ethnic epithets that are, or have been, used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnicity or racial group or to refer to them in a derogatory, pejorative, or otherwise insulting manner.
Some of the terms listed below (such as "gringo", "yank", etc.) can be used in casual speech without any intention of causing offense. The connotation of a term and prevalence of its use as a pejorative or neutral descriptor varies over time and by geography.
For the purposes of this list, an ethnic slur is a term designed to insult others on the basis of race, ethnicity, or nationality. Each term is listed followed by its country or region of usage, a definition, and a reference to that term.
Ethnic slurs may also be produced as a racial epithet by combining a general-purpose insult with the name of ethnicity, such as "dirty Jew", "Russian pig", etc. Other common insulting modifiers include "dog", "filthy", etc. However, such terms are not included in this list.
A
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abbie, Abe, Abie | United States, Canada | Jewish men | Originated before the 1950s. From the proper name Abraham. | [1] |
ABC | East Asia | American-born Chinese, Han or other Chinese (including Taiwanese) born and raised in the United States. | The term implies an otherness or lack of connection to their Chinese identity and (usually) Chinese language; however, it has been reappropriated by many Chinese Americans and used to convey positive connotations. | [2] |
ABCD | South Asians in the US | American-Born Confused Desi, Indian Americans or other South Asian Americans, (desi) who were born in the United States. | Used chiefly by South Asian immigrants to imply confusion about cultural identity | [3] |
Abid/Abeed (plural) | Middle East and North Africa | Black African people | Arabic for slave, associated with the Arab slave trade | [4][5] |
Abo/Abbo | Australia | Australian Aboriginal person | Originally, this was simply an informal term for Aborigine, and was in fact used by Aboriginal people themselves (such as in the Aboriginal-run newspaper Abo Call) until it started to be considered offensive in the 1950s. Although Abo is still considered quite offensive by many, the pejorative boong is now more commonly used when the intent is deliberately to offend, as that word's status as an insult is unequivocal. | [6] |
Afro engineering, African engineering or nigger rigging | United States | African Americans | Shoddy, second-rate or unconventional, makeshift workmanship. Indirectly refers to black American people as worse or lower-valued than white American people when associating anything bad with them. | [7][8] |
Ah Chah | Hong Kong | South Asian people | From 阿差; Cantonese Yale: achā; from "acchā" meaning "good" or "OK" in Hindi. | [9] |
Ali Baba | United States | Iraqi people | An Iraqi suspected of criminal activity. | [10] |
Alligator bait, 'gator bait | United States (chiefly southern U.S.) | Black people, especially black children | Dates from early 20th century or before; implies that African Americans are good for nothing except being used to bait alligators | [11][12] |
Alpine Serb | Serbo-Croatian: Alpski Srbin (ex-Yugoslavia) | People of Slovenian origin. | [13] | |
Ang mo | Malaysia, Singapore | European people, especially the Dutch | Hokkien for "red hair" referring to Dutch people from the 17th century and expanded to encompass other Europeans by the 19th century. It has become a neutral term, though is sometimes seen as derogatory. | [14] |
Ann | United States, Canada | White women, "white-acting" black women | While Miss Ann, also just plain Ann, is a derisive reference to white women, it is also applied to any black woman who is deemed to be acting as though she is white. | [15][16] |
Annamite, mites | French, English | Vietnamese people | [17][18][19] | |
Ape | United States | Black people | Referring to outdated theories ascribing cultural differences between racial groups as being linked to their evolutionary distance from chimpanzees, with which humans share common ancestry. | [20][21] |
Apple | United States, Canada | Native Americans | First used in the 1970s. Someone who is "red on the outside, white on the inside". Used primarily by other Native Americans to indicate someone who has lost touch with their cultural identity. | [22] |
Arabush / Aravush (ערבוש) | Israel | Arabs | Arabs, derived from Hebrew "Aravi" (Arab). | [23] |
Argie/Argies (plural) | United Kingdom | Argentine people | Extensively used by the British soldiers during the Falklands War in 1982. | [24] |
Armo | United States | Armenian/Armenian American | Especially used in Southern California. | [25][26] |
Asing, Aseng | Indonesia | Non-Indonesian people, especially Chinese people | Insult to non-Indonesian citizen, from "[orang] asing" (foreigner) that rhymed with "Aseng" (Chinese name). This word is often directed at Chinese people due to Indonesia's relationship with the PRC. | [27] |
Ashke-Nazi (אשכנאצי) | Israel | Ashkenazi Jews | Pronounced like "AshkeNatzi". Used mostly by Mizrachi Jews. | [28][29][30] |
Aunt Jemima/Aunt Jane/Aunt Mary/Aunt Sally | United States | Black women | A black woman who "kisses up" to whites, a "sellout", female counterpart of Uncle Tom. | [31] |
B
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bachicha | Chile | Italian people | Possibly derived from the Italian word Baciccia, a nickname for Giambattista. | [32] |
Baiano | Brazil | Northeastern Brazilian people | A person born in Bahia, one of the 9 states in the Northeast Region of Brazil. As a slur, it refers generically to any Northeastern person. Used mainly in São Paulo, the term is related to the Northeastern immigration of the second half of the 20th century. | [33] |
Bamboula | France | Black people | [34] | |
Balija | Turkey, the Balkans | Bosnian people | An ethnic Bosniak or a member of the Bosnian diaspora. | [35][36] |
Banana | United States, Canada | East or Southeast Asian people | "Yellow on the outside, white on the inside". Used primarily by East or Southeast Asians for other East- or Southeast Asians or Asian American who are perceived as assimilated into mainstream American culture. Similar to Apple. | [37][38] |
Banderowiec | Poland | Ukrainians | The term Banderite was originally used to refer to the ultra-nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army. In Poland, the term "banderowiec" is used in connection with the massacres of Poles in Volhynia by the UPA. | [39][40] |
Barbarian | Greece | Non-Greek people | Someone who is perceived to be either uncivilized or primitive. βάρβαρος (barbaros pl. βάρβαροι barbaroi). In Ancient Greece, the Greeks used the term towards those who did not speak Greek and follow classical Greek customs. | [41] |
Beaner / Beaney | United States | Hispanic or Latino people, especially Mexicans | The term originates from the use of frijoles pintos and other beans that can be generally found in Mexican food or other Hispanic and Latino foods. | [42][43][44] |
Black buck or black brute | United States | Black men | Originating in the post-Reconstruction United States, it was used to describe black men who absolutely refused to bend to the law of white authority and were seen as irredeemably violent, rude, and lecherous. | [45] |
Bluegum | United States | African Americans | An African American perceived as being lazy and unwilling to work. | [46] |
Boche / bosche / bosch | France; United States; United Kingdom | German people | Shortened from the French term caboche dure, meaning "hard head" or "stubborn"). | [47] |
Boeotian | Athenians | Boeotian Greek people | Referring to the supposed stupidity of the inhabitants of the neighboring Boeotia region of Greece. | [48] |
Boerehater / Boer-hater / Boer hater | South Africa; United Kingdom | British people | Refers to a person who hates, prejudices, or criticizes the Boers, or Afrikaners – historically applied to British people who held anti-Boers sentiments. | [49][50][51] |
Bog / Bogtrotter / Bog-trotter | United Kingdom, Ireland, United States | Irish people | A person of common or low-class Irish ancestry. | [52][53] |
Bogate | Chile | Yugoslav people | The expression is said to come from the Yugoslav interjection Hasti boga! | [54] |
Bohunk | United States, Canada | Bohemian people | A lower-class immigrant of Central, Eastern, or Southeastern European descent. Originally referred to those of Bohemian (now Czech Republic) descent. It was commonly used toward Central European immigrants during the early 20th century. Probably from Bohemian + a distortion of Hungarian. See also hunky. | [55] |
Bong | India | Bengali people | [56] | |
Boong / bong / bung | Australia | Australian Aboriginals | [First used in 1847 by JD Lang, Cooksland, 430]. Boong, pronounced with ʊ (like the vowel in bull), is related to the Australian English slang word bung, meaning "dead", "infected", or "dysfunctional". From bung, to go bung "Originally to die, then to break down, go bankrupt, cease to function [Ab. bong dead]". The (Oxford) Australian National Dictionary gives its origin in the Wemba word for "man" or "human being". | [57][58][59][60] |
Boonga / boong / bunga / boonie | New Zealand | Pacific Islanders | Likely derived from the similar Australian slur. | [61][62] |
Bootlip | United States | African American | [63] | |
Bougnoule | France | Arabian people | [64] | |
Bounty bar | United Kingdom | Black people | A black person who is considered to be behaving like a white person (i.e. dark on the outside, white on the inside). | [65] |
Bozgor | Romania | Hungarian people | Used especially on ones born in Romania. Possibly derived from the Moldavian Csángó dialect pronunciation of bocskor meaning Opanak, a type of rustic footwear. | [66] |
Brillo Pad | United Kingdom and United States | Black people | Used to refer to the hair of a black person | [67] |
Brownie | United States, New Zealand, and Australia | Brown-skinned people, an Asian | Used in the 1850s–1960s; in Australia it was used for an Aboriginal Australian or someone Japanese; in New Zealand, a Māori | [68] |
Buckwheat | United States | Black people | The name of a black character that appeared in the Our Gang (Little Rascals) short films. Today it is used to refer to the curly hair of a black person. | [69][70] |
Buddhahead | United States | Asian people | Also used by mainland Japanese Americans to refer to Hawaiian Japanese Americans since World War II. | [71][72] |
Buckra, Bakra | United States, West Indies | White people from Sub-Saharan African languages | [73] | |
Bulbash | Russia, Ukraine | Belarusians | Derived from Belarusian word "bulba" (potatoes), based on the fact that potatoes are a very common ingredient in Belarusian cuisine. | [74][75] |
Bule | Indonesia | White people or foreigner | Derived from an archaic Indonesian word for albino. | [76] |
Bumbay | Philippines | people from India | From Bombay | [77] |
Burrhead / Burr-head / Burr head | United States | Black people | Referencing Afro-textured hair. | [78] |
C
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cabbage Eater | German and Russian people | [79][80] | ||
Canaca | Chile | Chinese and Japanese people | Canaca is a slur originating in Oceania. | [54] |
Camel jockey / camel dung-shoveler | Middle Eastern people | [81][82][83] | ||
Carcamano | Brazil | Italian people | Used during the early 20th century, during the Second wave of Italian immigration to Brazil. | [84] |
Chankoro | Japan | Chinese people | Japanese: チャンコロ, a Japanese reference to a Chinese person. | [85] |
Charlie | United States | White Americans | Used in the 1960s–1970s. White people as a reified collective oppressor group, similar to The Man or The System. | [86] |
United States | Vietnamese people | Vietnam War Slang term used by American troops as a shorthand term for Vietnamese guerrillas, derived from the verbal shorthand for "Victor Charlie", the NATO phonetic alphabet for VC, the abbreviation for Viet Cong. The (regular) North Vietnamese Army was referred to as "Mr. Charles". | [87][88][89] | |
China Swede | United States | Finns | Derogatory term for Finnish immigrants to the United States, particularly in Minnesota and Michigan. | [90][91] |
Chee-chee, Chi-chi | South Asia | Eurasian Mixed-race people, especially Anglo-Indians | Probably derived from Hindi chi-chi fie!, literally, dirt. | [92] |
Cheese-eating surrender monkeys | United Kingdom, United States | French people | From the defeat of the French by the Germans in 1940, and the huge variety of cheeses originating from France. Gained popularity after the term was used on an episode of The Simpsons. | [93] |
Chefur (čefur) | Slovenia | Non-Slovenian people of former Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, Montenegrins, Macedonians) | [94] | |
Tsekwa / Chekwa | Philippines | Chinese Filipino people | Used in Filipino/Tagalog and other Philippine languages, which derived it from the late 19th century Cebuano Bisaya street children's limerick, Cebuano: Intsik, wákang, káun, kalibang!, lit. 'Chinese (laborer), I work, eat, and shit!', where "Intsik"/"Insik" is derived from the Philippine Hokkien term, Chinese: 𪜶 叔; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in chek; lit. 'his/her/their uncle', while "wakang"/"gwakang" is derived from the Philippine Hokkien term, Chinese: 我 工; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: góa kang; lit. 'I work', while "kaon"/"kaun" is from the Cebuano Bisaya term, Cebuano: kaon, lit. 'to eat', while "kalibang" is from the Cebuano Bisaya term, Cebuano: kalibang, lit. 'to defecate'. | [95][96] |
Chernozhopy | Russia | Indigenous people from the Caucasus, e.g. from Chechnya or Azerbaijan. | черножопый, or chornaya zhopa, meaning "black-arse" in Russian. | [97][98][99] |
Chilote | Argentina | Chilean people | [100] | |
Chinaman | United States, Canada | Chinese people | A calque of the Chinese 中國人. It was used in the gold rush and railway-construction eras in western United States when discrimination against the Chinese was common. | [101] |
Ching chong | United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, India, Philippines | Chinese people | Mocking the language of or a person of perceived Chinese descent. | [102] |
Chink | United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, India | Chinese people | [103] | |
Chinky | Mainland India | Northeast Indian people | The sound "chin" refers to China. The slur refers to the shared facial features of Northeast Indians and ethnically Chinese peoples. | [104][105] |
Chonky | Asian people | Refers to a person of Asian heritage with "white attributes", in either personality or appearance. | [106] | |
Christ-killer | Jewish people | An allusion to Jewish deicide. | [107][108] | |
Choc-ice | Black people | A person who is figuratively 'black on the outside, white on the inside'. | [109][110] | |
Cholo | Latin America, Southwestern United States | Indigenous or Mestizo people | It may be derogatory depending on circumstances. | [111][112][113][114] |
Chile | Bolivian people, Peruvian people | [54][115] | ||
Chug | Canada | Canadian aboriginal people | See Chugach for the native people. | [116] |
Chukhna | Russia | Finnic people | [117][118] | |
Churka (Russian: Чурка | Russia | Western and Central Asians | чурка slur for Central Asians and indigenous people of Caucasus. | [98] |
Ciapaty, ciapak | Poland | Middle Eastern, North African, South Asian, and Caucasian people. | Derived from chapati. | [119][120] |
Cigányforma | Hungary (17th century) | old Hungarian slur against persons with the combination of black hair with brown eyes, regardless ethnicity | Its literal meaning is "Gypsy form" | [121] |
Cigány népek | Hungary (17th century) | old Hungarian slur against ethnic groups or nations where the combination of black hair with brown eyes are dominant | Its literal meaning is "Gypsy folks" | [122] |
Cioară | Romania | Romani people and Black people | Means crow | [123] |
Cina / Cokin | Indonesia | Chinese people | Use in media has been banned since 2014 under Keppres no. 12/2014, replaced by Tiongkok (from Zhongguo 中国) or Tionghoa (from Zhonghua 中华). The President Decision (Keppres) even bans use of "China" in media and formal use. | [124][125] |
Coconut | United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia | Hispanics/Latinos, South/Southeast Asians | Named after the coconut, in the American sense, it derives from the fact that a coconut is brown on the outside and white on the inside. A person of Hispanic/Latino or South/Southeast Asian descent who is seen as being assimilated into white American culture. | [37][126][38] |
South Asians | A brown person of South Asian descent is perceived as fully assimilated into Western culture. | [127][128][129] | ||
Pacific Islander | [130] | |||
Coño | Chile | Spanish people | Used in to refer to Spanish people given the perception that they recurrently use of the vulgar interjection coño (lit. "cunt"). | [32] |
Coolie | United States, Canada | Asian people, usually Chinese, and Indo-Caribbean people | Unskilled Asian laborer (originally used in the 19th century for Chinese railroad laborers). Possibly from Mandarin "苦力" ku li or Hindi kuli, "day laborer." Also racial epithet for Indo-Caribbean people, especially in Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago and South African Indians. | [131][132] |
Coon | United States, Commonwealth | Black people | Slur popularized by Coon songs played at Minstrel show. Originally associated in the 1830s with the U.S. Whig Party who used a raccoon as their emblem. The Whigs were more tolerant towards blacks than other main parties. After the party folded the term "coon" evolved from political slang into a racial slur. Within African American communities, the word has been used to refer to a black person who is allegedly a "sellout".[133] | [134][135][136][137] |
Australia | Aboriginal Australian | [138] | ||
New Zealand | Pacific Islander | [138] | ||
Coonass, Coon-ass | United States | Cajun people | Not to be confused with the French connasse, meaning cunt. | [139] |
Coreano | Chile | Chinese and Japanese people | [54] | |
Cracker | United States | White people, especially poor Appalachian and Southern people | First used in the 19th century. It is sometimes used specifically to refer to a native of Florida or Georgia. Also used in a more general sense in the United States to refer to white people disparagingly. | [140][141] |
Crow | United States | [142] | ||
Crucco (m.), crucca (f.) | Italy | German people | The name was firstly given during the First World War to the troops of the Austro-Hungarian Army of Croatian and Slovenian ethnicity. Later the term was used to indicate the Germans. | [143] |
Curepí | Paraguay | Argentines | A common term used by people from Paraguay for people from Argentina, it means "pig's skin". | [144][145] |
Curry-muncher | Australia, Africa, New Zealand, United States, Canada | South Asian People | [146] | |
Cushi, Kushi (כושי) | Israel | Dark-skinned people | Term originated from Kushite, referring to an individual from the Ancient Kingdom of Kush. This was also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible generally used to refer to people usually of African descent. Originally merely descriptive, in present-day Israel it increasingly assumed a pejorative connotation and is regarded as insulting by Ethiopian Israelis; and by non-Jewish, Sub-Saharan African migrant workers and asylum seekers in Israel. | [147] |
Czarnuch (m.), czarnucha (f.) | Poland | Black people | [148] |
D
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dago, Dego | United States, Commonwealth | Italians, Spaniards, Greeks, or Portuguese people | Possibly derived from the Spanish name "Diego" | [149][150][151] |
Dal Khor | Urdu-speaking people | Indians and Pakistanis (specifically Punjabis) | The term literally translates to "dal eater", connoting the supposedly higher emphasis on pulses and vegetables in the diet of countryside Punjabis. | [152] |
Darky / darkey / darkie | Black people | According to lexicographer Richard A. Spears, the word "darkie" used to be considered mild and polite, before it took on a derogatory and provocative meaning. | [153][154] | |
Dhoti | Nepal | Indian or Madheshi people | As reference to their indigenous clothing Dhoti worn by people of Indian subcontinent. | [155] |
Dink | United States | Southeast Asian, particularly Vietnamese people. | Origin: 1965–70, Americanism. Also used as a disparaging term for a North Vietnamese soldier or guerrilla in the Vietnam War. | [156] |
Dogan, dogun | Canada | Irish Catholics | [19th century on; origin uncertain: perhaps from Dugan, an Irish surname]. | [157] |
Dothead, Dot | Hindu women | In reference to the bindi. | [158][159] | |
Dune coon | United States | Arabian people | equivalent of sand nigger (below). | [160][161] |
E
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eight ball, 8ball | Black people | Referring to the black ball in pool. Slang, usually used disparagingly | [162] | |
Eyetie | United States, United Kingdom | Italian people | Originated through the mispronunciation of "Italian" as "Eye-talian". Slang usually used disparagingly (especially during World War II). | [163][164][165] |
F
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fankui, fan-kui, fangui, gui-zi, guizi, gui | Worldwide | Any non-Chinese | This word (and any variation of it) is extremely derogatory, since it means anyone other than Chinese have terrible attitude. (Gui or Guizi itself means demon) | [166][167] |
Farang khi nok | Thailand | Poor white people | Is slang commonly used as an insult to a person of white race, equivalent to white trash, as khi means feces and nok means bird, referring to the white color of bird-droppings. | [168] |
Fenian | Northern Ireland, Scotland | Irish Catholics | Derived from the Fenian Brotherhood. | [169] |
Festival children (Russian: Дети фестиваля) | USSR (from late 1950s) | Children of mixed descent, with either parent (usually father) of black African or (more rarely) other non-European descent | It is believed that the first noticeable appearance of black or mixed-blood children appeared after the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students of 1957. The term was often used ironically and sometimes in a mildly derogatory fashion.
This term is currently not used. |
[170][171] |
Feuj (verlan for juif) | France | Jewish people | [172] | |
Fidschi(de) | East Germany | Asian looking people, particularly Vietnamese people | German for Fiji, used to refer to anyone who looks Asian | [173] |
Fjellabe | Denmark | Norwegian people | Means mountain ape. Jocularly used by Danes mostly in sports. From the 1950s. Norway is mountainous while Denmark is flat without mountains. | [174] |
Flip | United States | Filipino people | [175] | |
Franchute | Chile | French people | [32] | |
Frenk | Ashkenazi Jews | Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews | Derived from Franks (as a reference to Western Europeans), due to the fact Sephardi Jews are Judaeo-Spanish speakers. | [176] |
Fritz, fricc, fryc, фриц, fricis | United Kingdom, France, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Latvia | German people | from Friedrich (Frederick). | [177][178] |
Frog, Froggy, Frogeater, | Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States | Dutch people (formerly) French and French Canadian people (currently) |
Before the 19th century, referred to the Dutch (as they were stereotyped as being marsh-dwellers). When France became Britain's main enemy, replacing the Dutch, the epithet was transferred to them, because of the French penchant for eating frogs' legs (see comparable French term Rosbif). Also known in Slavic countries, but only towards the (mainland) French, see Polish żabojad, Ukrainian zhaboyid (жабоїд), Russian lyagushatnik (лягушатник); as well as in Basque frantximant. | [179][180][181] |
Fuzzy-Wuzzy | United Kingdom | Hadendoa people | Term used to refer to the Hadendoa warriors in the 19th century, in reference to their elaborate hairstyles. Not applicable in Australia, see Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels. | [182] |
G
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gabacho | Spain, Chile | French people | From Occitan gavach meaning "one who speaks wrong." | [183][32] |
Mexico | American people, French people | Neutral or pejorative depending on context. | [184] | |
Gabel | Albania, Kosovo | Romani people | Expression of disdain for someone, with the setting "Maxhup" | [185] |
Gadjo | Non-Romani people | Technically a term for a person who does not possess Romanipen, it usually refers to non-Romanis and Romanis who do not live within Romani culture. | [186] | |
Gaijin (外人) | Japan | People of non-East Asian origin | [187] | |
Galla | Ethiopia | Oromo people or others in Ethiopia and Somalia | Used since 1670 | [188][189] |
Gans (Ганс) | USSR | German people, or more uncommonly Latvian people | The term originated among the Soviet troops in World War II, coming from Russified form of the German first name Hans. At the end and after the World War II the term was also applied by Russians to Latvians as a way of equating them to Germans since from 1943 to 1945, during the Nazi occupation of Latvia, nearly 100,000 Latvians were mobilised in the Latvian Legion and fought the Soviets alongside Germans. | [190][191][192] |
Garoi | Romania | Romani people | It means crow. | [193] |
Gexhë | Kosovo | Serbs of Šumadija | Derogatory expression for the Serbs of southern Serbia, of Šumadija. | [185] |
Gin | Australia | Aboriginal woman | Moore (2004), "gin" | |
Gin jockey | Australia | White people | A white person having casual sex with an Aboriginal woman. | [194] |
Godon | France | English people | An antiquated pejorative expression. Possibly a corruption of "God-damn". | [195][196] |
Golliwog | United States, Australia, United Kingdom, New Zealand | Darkskinned people, especially African-Caribbeans | An expression which originally was a children's literature character and type of black doll but which eventually came to be used as a jibe against people with dark skin. | [197] |
Gook, Gook-eye, Gooky | United States | East and Southeast Asians, but particularly Koreans | The earliest recorded example is dated 1920. Used especially for enemy soldiers. Its use has been traced to United States Marines serving in the Philippines in the early 20th century. It gained widespread notice as a result of the Korean and Vietnam wars. | [198][199][200] |
Goombah | United States | Italian people, Italian-Americans | Initially applied to Italian or Italian-American men in general, it now also specifically carries connotations of stereotypical vulgar machismo and Italian Mafia or Italian-American Mafia involvement among ethnic Italians and Italian-Americans. However, "goombah" is also used among Italian-Americans themselves to refer to a friend or comrade; the word becomes pejorative mostly when used by a non-Italian to refer to an ethnic Italian or Italian-American in a derogatory or patronizing way rather than as a friendly term of address among Italian-Americans. Originates from the Southern Italian word cumpa or cumpari and the Standard Italian equivalent, compare, meaning "godfather". | [201] |
Gora | India | Europeans and other light-skinned people | The word “gora” simply means a person of European descent or other light skinned person in Hindi and other Indo-Aryan languages. However, it is often used as an insult to white people, with “gori” being used to refer to a white woman. | [202] |
Goy, Goyim, Goyum | Hebrew | Non-Jewish people | A Hebrew biblical term for "Nation" or "People". By Roman times it had also acquired the meaning of "non-Jew". In English, use may be benign, to refer to anyone who isn't Jewish, or controversial, as it can have pejorative connotations. | [203][204] |
Grago, Gragok (shrimp) | Eurasians, Kristang people | A term for Eurasians, and specifically for the Kristang people of Malaysia, many of whom were traditionally engaged in shrimp fishing. It often has pejorative connotations, especially when used by outsiders, though in recent generations members of the community have to some degree tried to reclaim the term. | [205] | |
Greaseball, Greaser | United States | Mediterranean/Southern European and Hispanic people, and especially Italian people. | "Greaser" has taken on a less derogatory connotation since the 1950s. | [206] |
Greenhorn | United States, New England region, especially Massachusetts. | Portuguese people | can also be used in a non-derogatory context when not referring to the Portuguese to mean anyone inexperienced at something. | [207] |
Gringo | Spanish speakers, mostly Latin America | English speakers | Sometimes used by Latino Americans. In Mexico, the term means an American. Likely from the Spanish word "griego", meaning Greek (similar to the English expression "It's all Greek to me"). | [208][209][210][211] |
Brazil | Foreigners | A colloquial neutral term for any foreigner, regardless of race, ethnicity or origin (including Portuguese people), or for a person whose native language is not Portuguese (including people whose native language is Spanish). | [212][213][214][215] | |
Groid | United States | Black people | Derived from "negroid". | [216] |
Gryzun (Грызун) | Russia | Georgian people | Meaning "rodent", a word very similar to the Russian word for Georgian, "Gruzin" (Грузин). | [217] |
Gub, Gubba | Australia | White people | Aboriginal term for white people | [218] |
Guizi (鬼子) | Mainland China | Non-Chinese | Basically the same meaning as the term gweilo used in Hong Kong. More often used when referring foreigners as military enemies, such as riben guizi (日本鬼子, Japanese devils, because of Second Sino-Japanese War), meiguo guizi (美国鬼子, American devils, because of Korean War). | [219][220] [citation needed] |
Guido, Guidette | United States | Italian Americans | Derives from the Italian given name, Guido. Guidette is the female counterpart. Used mostly in the Northeastern United States as a stereotype for working-class urban Italian Americans. | [221][222] |
Guinea, Ginzo | Italian people | Most likely derived from "Guinea Negro", implying that Italians are dark or swarthy-skinned the natives of Guinea. The diminutive "Ginzo" probably dates back to World War II and is derived from Australian slang picked up by United States servicemen in the Pacific Theater. | [223] | |
Gummihals | Switzerland | German people | Literally "rubber neck" | [224] |
Gusano | Cuba | Cuban exiles after the revolution | Literally "worm" | [225][226][227] |
Gweilo, gwailo, kwai lo (鬼佬) | Southern Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau | White men | Loosely translated as "foreign devil"; more literally, might be "ghost dude/bloke/guy/etc". Gwei means "ghost". The color white is associated with ghosts in China. A lo is a regular guy (i.e. a fellow, a chap, or a bloke). Once a mark of xenophobia, the word is now in general, informal use. | [228] |
Gwer | North Africa | White people | [229] | |
Gyp/Gip | Romani people | shortened version of "gypsy" | [230] | |
Gyopo, Kyopo (교포) | Korea | Estranged Korean people | Literally "sojourner". A Korean who was born or raised overseas, particularly the United States. (see also banana in this page) | [231] |
Gypsy, Gyppo, gippo, gypo, gyppie, gyppy, gipp | United Kingdom, Australia | Egyptian people and Romani people | Derived from "Egyptian", Egypt being mistakenly considered these people's origin. | [232] |
H
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hairyback | South Africa | Afrikaners | [233] | |
Hajji, Hadji, Haji | United States Military | Iraqis, Arabs, Afghans, or Middle Eastern and South Asian people | Derived from the honorific Al-Hajji, the title given to a Muslim who has completed the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). | [234] |
Half-breed | Multi-ethnic people | Métis is a French term, also used in Canadian English, for a half-breed, and mestizo is the equivalent in Spanish, although these are not offensive per se. | [235][236][citation needed] | |
Half-caste | England, Australia | Mixed race (usually between Australian Aboriginal and white people in Australian parlance) | Originally used as a legal and social term. | [237][238] |
Haole | United States, Hawaiian | Non-Hawaiian people, almost always white people. | Can be used neutrally, dependent on context. | [239] |
Heeb, Hebe | United States | Jewish people | Derived from the word "Hebrew." | [240][241] |
Hike | United States | Italian immigrants | Sometimes used with or to distinguish from "Hunk" ("Hunky"). | [242][243] |
Hillbilly | United States | Appalachian or Ozark Americans | [244] | |
Honky, honkey, honkie | United States | White people | Derived from an African American pronunciation of "hunky," the disparaging term for a Hungarian laborer. The first record of its use as an insulting term for a white person dates from the 1950s. | [245][unreliable source?] |
New Zealand | European New Zealanders | Used by Māori to refer to New Zealanders of European descent. | [246] | |
Hori | New Zealand | Māori | From the formerly common Maorified version of the English name George. | [247] |
Houtkop | South Africa | People of Black African descent | literally "wooden head" | [248] |
Huan-a, Huana | Worldwide | Any non-Chinese | This word is derogatory because huan-a means "foreigner" which portrays non-Chinese as not a human | [249] |
Huinca | Argentina, Chile | Non-Mapuche Chileans, non-Mapuche Argentines | Mapuche term dating back at least to the Conquest of Chile. | [250][251] |
Hun | United States, United Kingdom | German people | (United States, United Kingdom) Germans, especially German soldiers; popular during World War I. Derived from a speech given by Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany to the German contingent sent to China during the Boxer Rebellion in which he exhorted them to "be like Huns" (i.e., savage and ruthless) to their Chinese enemy. | [252] |
Ireland | Protestants and British soldiers | A Protestant in Northern Ireland or historically, a member of the British military in Ireland ("Britannia's huns"). | [253][254] | |
Hunky, Hunk | United States | Central European laborers. | It originated in the coal regions of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, where Poles and other immigrants from Central Europe (Hungarians (Magyar), Rusyns, Slovaks) came to perform hard manual labor in the mines. | [255][243] |
Hymie | United States | Jewish people | Derived from the personal name Hyman (from the Hebrew name Chayyim). Jesse Jackson provoked controversy when he referred to New York City as "Hymietown" in 1984. Has also been spelled "Heimie", as a reflection of popular Jewish last names ending in -heim. | [256] |
I
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ikey / ike / iky: a Jew [from Isaac] | Jewish people | Derived from the name Isaac, an important figure in Hebrew culture. | [257] | |
Ikey-mo / ikeymo | Jewish people | Derived from the names Isaac and Moses, two important figures in Hebrew culture. | [258] | |
Indon | Malaysia, Singapore | Indonesian people | Clipping of Indonesia, Pontianak Malay for "whore". | [259][260][261] |
Indognesial / Indonesial | Malaysia | Indonesian people | Which similar to "Indon" term mixed with "Dog" and "Sial" (Malay word for "Damn"). | [262] |
Intsik | Philippines | Chinese Filipino people | Used in Filipino/Tagalog and other Philippine languages. Based on the Philippine Hokkien term, Chinese: 𪜶 叔; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in chek; lit. 'his/her/their uncle'. | [95] |
Inyenzi | Rwanda | Tutsi people | A person of the Tutsi ethnic group in Africa. Literally means "Cockroach" and reportedly derives from how Tutsi rebels would attack at night and retreat, being hard to kill, like a cockroach. Most notably came to worldwide prominence around the time of the Rwanda genocide, as it was used by the RTLM in order to incite genocide. | [263][264][265] |
Injun | United States | Native Americans | Corruption of "Indian" | [266] |
J
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jakun | Malaysia | Unsophisticated people, from the Malay name of an indigenous ethnic group. | [267] | |
Jamet, Jamet kuproy | Indonesia | Javanese people | Jamet stands for Jawa metal (a metalhead Javanese), while kuproy stands for kuli proyek (construction workers). | [268] |
Japa | Brazil | Japanese people | Usually an affectionate way of referring to Japanese people (or, more generally, East Asian people), although it may be considered a slur. This term is never censored (as a slur typically would be) when it appears in mass media. | [269] |
Jap | United States | Japanese people | Mostly found use during World War II, post-WWII. | [270] |
Jewish women | Usually written in all capital letters as an acronym for "Jewish-American princess," a stereotype of certain Jewish American females as materialistic or pampered. | [271] | ||
Japie, yarpie | White, rural South Africans | derived from plaasjapie, "farm boy" | [272] | |
Jerry | Commonwealth | German people, especially soldiers | Probably an alteration of "German." Origin of Jerry can. Used especially during World War I and World War II. | [273] |
Jewboy | United States, United Kingdom | Jewish boys | Originally directed at young Jewish boys who sold counterfeit coins in 18th century London | [274][275] |
Jigaboo, jiggabo, jigarooni, jijjiboo, zigabo, jig, jigg, jigger | United States | Black people with stereotypical black features (e.g., dark skin, wide nose, and big lips). | From a Bantu verb tshikabo, meaning "they bow the head docilely," indicating meek or servile individuals. | [276][277][278] |
Jidan | Romania | Jewish person. | [279] | |
Jim Crow | United States | Black people | [280] | |
Jjokbari | Korea | Japanese people | [281] | |
Jock, jocky, jockie | United Kingdom | Scottish people | Scots language nickname for the personal name John, cognate to the English, Jack. Occasionally used as an insult, but also in respectful reference to elite Scottish, particularly Highland troops, e.g., the 9th (Scottish) Division. Same vein as the English insult for the French, as Frogs. In Ian Rankin's detective novel Tooth and Nail the protagonist – a Scottish detective loaned to the London police – suffers from prejudice by English colleagues who frequently use "Jock" and "Jockland" (Scotland) as terms of insult; the book was based on the author's own experience as a Scot living in London. | [282] |
Jungle bunny | United States, Commonwealth | Black people | [283] |
K
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kaew (แกว) | Northeastern Thailand | Vietnamese people | [284][285] | |
Kaffir, kaffer, kaffir, kafir, kaffre, kuffar | Arabian Peninsula | Non-Muslims (regardless of race). | also caffer or caffre. from Arabic kafir meaning "disbeliever". | [286][287] |
South Africa | Black people | [288][289] | ||
Members of a people inhabiting the Hindu Kush mountains of north-east Afghanistan | [290] | |||
Kaffir boetie | South Africa | Black sympathizers during apartheid | Meaning "Kaffir brothers", it is analogous to "negro lover" in English. The term is outdated and no longer used. | [citation needed] |
Kalar | Burmese | Muslim citizens who are "black-skinned" or "undesirable aliens." | [291] | |
Kalia, Kalu, Kallu | Hindi | Darkskinned people | Literally means blackie generally used for black skinned people in India, can also have racist overtone when referring to Africans. | [292][293] |
Kanaka | Australia | Pacific Islanders | [294][295] | |
Kanake | German | Turkish people | To some extent re-appropriated | [citation needed] |
Kano | Philippines | White Americans | Usually used in Filipino (Tagalog) or other Philippine languages. Shortened from the Filipino word "Amerikano". It usually refers to Americans, especially a stereotypical male white American, which may extend to western foreigners that may fit the stereotype which the speaker is not familiar with, especially those from Europe, Australia, New Zealand, etc. | [296] |
Kaouiche, Kawish | Canadian French | Native Americans | [297][298] | |
Katsap, kacap, kacapas | Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Russia | Russian people | Ukrainian: кацап, Lithuanian: kacapas; self-deprecating usage by Russians | [citation needed] |
Kebab | Muslims, usually of Arabian or Turkic descent. | Its origin is a Serbian music video that was recorded in 1993 during the Yugoslav Wars but the phrase has spread globally amongst far-right groups and the alt-right as a meme between 2006 and 2008. Famously Turkish internet user parodied the sentiment of Serbian nationalists online, with a satirical incoherent rant that ended with the phrase "remove kebab" being repeated. Although the meme initially intended to parody racism, this meaning behind the meme was lost once it became common in alt-right discourse. | [299] | |
Keko | Turkey | Kurdish men | Originally neutral Kurdish word meaning man, pal, or friend, but became derogatory among Turkish speakers. | [300] |
Keling | India | Malaysians, Singaporeans and Indonesians | In Indonesian, the term can be applied to any person with dark complexion, not only of Indian descent, but also to native Indonesians with darker complexion and Africans. The term is derived from the ancient Indian region of Kalinga, where many immigrants to countries further east originated. | [301] |
Kemosabe/Kemosahbee | United States | Native Americans | the term used by the fictional Native American sidekick Tonto as the "Native American" name for the Lone Ranger in the American television and radio programs The Lone Ranger. | [302][303] |
Khach (Russian: Хач), Khachik (Russian: Хачик) | Russia | Peoples of the Caucasus, particularly North Caucasus and Armenians | From Armenian խաչ khach, meaning cross (cf. khachkar). Khatchik is also an Armenian given name coming from the same root. Khachik is considered milder and happens to be used in neutral contexts. | [304][305] |
Kharkhuwa | India | Assamese people | [citation needed] | |
Khokhol (Russian: Хохол) | Russia | Ukrainian people | Derived from a term for a traditional Cossack-style haircut. | [306] |
Kike or kyke | United States | Ashkenazi Jewish people | Possibly from kikel, Yiddish for "circle". Immigrant Jews who couldn't read English often signed legal documents with an "O" (similar to an "X", to which Jews objected because "X" also symbolizes a cross). | [307] |
Kimchi | Korean people | [308] | ||
Kıro | Turkey | Kurdish men | A word used to describe rude and hairy men, pejoratively refers to the Kurds. | [309] |
Knacker | Ireland | Irish Travelers | [310][311] | |
Kolorad | Ukraine | Pro-Russian separatists and Russian invaders | In reference to Russian St. George ribbon whose coloration resembles the stripes of the Colorado beetle. | [312][313] |
Krankie | England | Scottish people | [314] | |
Krakkemut | Denmark | Arabs, Middle Easterns | While originally being used against greenlanders, it is now mostly used against Middel Easterns and Arabs. The word comes from the greenlandic word "Qaqqamut" meaning "to the mountain, up the mountain", however, the danish people began to pick up the word as an aggressive slur, and used it against the greenlanders, and slowly, it became a slur against the more frequent Arab and Middle Eastern immigrants in Denmark. | [315] |
Kraut | United States, Canada, Commonwealth | German people | Derived from sauerkraut, used most specifically during World War II. | [316] |
L
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Labas | Russia | Lithuanian people | Derived from Lithuanian greetings, labas rytas/laba diena/labas vakaras ("good morning/day/evening") | [317] |
Laowai | China | Foreigners | Literally means "old foreign". | [citation needed] |
Lapp | Scandinavia | Sámi people | Used mainly by Norwegians and Swedes. The word itself means "patch." Also used is "Lapland", considered non-offensive, to refer to Sámi territory known as "Sápmi" or when referring to the actual name of Finland’s northernmost county. | [318] |
Lebo, Leb | Australia | A Lebanese person, usually a Lebanese Australian. | [319] | |
Leupe lonko | Chile | German people | Used by some Huilliche people of southern Chile. Means "toasted heads" in reference to the fair hair of many Germans. Originated during the German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue in the mid 19th-century. | [320] |
Limey | United States | British people | Comes from the historical British naval practice of giving sailors limes to stave off scurvy. | [321][322] |
Locust (蝗蟲) | Hong Kong | Mainland Chinese people | [323] | |
Londo | Indonesia | White people | Commonly used by Javanese people. Derived from "Belanda" (Netherlands). | [324] |
Lubra | Australian Aboriginal Women | [325] | ||
Lugan | Lithuanian people | [326][327] | ||
Lach/lyakh (Ukrainian: лях) | Ukraine, Russia | Polish people | Lach is a term that originally referred to a representative of Slav tribes living roughly in what is today eastern Poland and western Ukraine, more commonly known today as Lendians, but later became associated with all Polish tribes. In other languages, Lach and derived expressions are neutral. | [328][329] |
M
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mabuno/Mahbuno | Zimbabwe | Local European people held in contempt, commonly white Africans of European ancestry. | [330] | |
Macaronar | Romania | Italian people | Roughly means "macaroni eater/maker". | [331] |
Mayonnaise Monkey | United States | White people | A term commonly used by black people. A person with a "mayonnaise"-like complexion. | [332] |
Macaca | Europe | African people | Originally used by francophone colonists in North Africa, also used in Europe against Immigrants from Africa. | [333][334] |
Majus (مجوس) | Arabian Peninsula | Persian people | A term meaning Zoroastrian, Magi, fire worshipper. | [citation needed] |
Malakh-khor (ملخ خور) | Persia | Arabian people | Meaning "locust eater," referring to the eating of locusts in Arab cuisine. | [335][336][337][338][339][340] |
Malaun | Bangladesh | Hindus | "Malaun" is derived from Bengali মালাউন (maalaaun), which in turn was derived from Arabic "ملعون" (mal'un), which means "cursed" or deprived of God's mercy. | [341] |
Malon | Indonesia | Malaysian people | Used as the reply to Indon word. Malon is (mostly) a short for "Malaysia Bloon" (dumb Malaysians). | [342] |
Malingsia / Malingsial / Malingsialan | Indonesia | Malaysian people | means "Malaysian thief / damned thief," is a slang for Malaysians. Originally combined from 2 words, "maling" (Javanese, meaning "thief") and "Malaysia." The Indonesian people used it because of the continuous claims of Indonesian cultures by Malaysia. | [343] |
Mangal / Mango / Mangasar / Mangusta | Bulgaria | Romani people | From Bulgarian "мангал" (mangal) – a type of pot. Some variants are derived from the similar-sounding loanwords "манго" (mango) – mango and "мангуста" (mangusta) – mongoose. | [344][345][346] |
Marokaki (מרוקקי) | Israel | Moroccan Jewish people | Derived from "Maroko" (Hebrew pronunciation for "Morocco") + "Kaki" (which means "shit", "crap" in Hebrew slang). | [347] |
Mau-Mau | United States | Black people | derived from Kenyans of the Kikuyu tribe involved in the Mau Mau Rebellion in the 1950s. | [348] |
Mayate/Mayatero | Black people | Literally the Spanish colloquial name of the Figeater beetle. | [349] | |
Meleis | Malaysia | Malay people | [350] | |
Mick | Irish people | [351] | ||
Mocro | Dutch | Dutch-Moroccan people | [352] | |
Mof (singular) Moffen (plural) |
Dutch | German people | [353] | |
Momo/Momos | India | Northeast Indians | Used on those that imply they are Chinese foreigners. | [104] |
Monkey | Europe | Any dark-skinned people (usually towards black Americans, South Asians, and Papuans) | [354][355][356] | |
Moskal, Ukrainian: москаль, Polish: moskal, Russian: москаль, German: moskowiter | Ukraine, Belarus | Russians | Historically a neutral designation for a person from Muscovy, currently refers to Russians. | [357] |
Mountain Turk | Turkey | Kurdish people | Former Turkish governments denied the Kurds their own ethnicity, calling them Mountain Turks (dağ Türkleri). Germans also used this word to describe Albanians, now it refers to the earlier. | [358][359] |
Mulignan/Mulignon/Moolinyan | United States | Black people | Used by Italian-Americans. Deriving from "mulignana" the word for eggplant in some South Italian linguistic variants.[360] Also called a mouli. | [361][362][363] |
Munt | Rhodesia, originally military | Black people, usually men | [364] | |
Mustalainen | Finland | Romani people | Lit. "blackling," "blackie," "the black people", when "romani" is the neutral term. | [365] |
Maxhup | Kosovo | Romani people | Expression of contempt for someone, usually Romani people | [185] |
Mzungu | Eastern and Southern Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo | White people | May be both pejorative and affectionate, depending on usage | [citation needed] |
N
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nawar | Arabian Peninsula | Romani people | Arab term for Romani people and other groups sharing an itinerant lifestyle. | [citation needed] |
Neftenya / Neftegna / Naftenya / Naftegna | Ethiopia/Amharic | Amhara people | Literally means "rifle-bearer", relates to 19th century Ethiopian history. Since 1975, used as inflammatory term by Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF, governing party) officials against Amharas; continued inflammatory/derogatory usage in 2020 online media two years after EPRDF loss of political power. | [366][367][368] |
Němčour, nimchura (німчура), nemchura (немчура) | Slavic languages | German people | [369] | |
Nere | Bengali Hindus | Muslims | [370] | |
Niakoué | France | East or Southeast Asian people | A corrupted Vietnamese word with similar to "yokel", "country bumpkin", etc. | [371] |
Niglet | Black children | [372] | ||
Nig-nog or Nignog | Commonwealth | Black people | Originally used to refer to a novice – a foolish or naive person – before being associated with black people. | [373][374] |
Nigger / neeger (Estonia) / neekeri (Suomi) / niger / nig / nigor / nigra / nigre (Caribbean) / nigar / niggur / nigga / niggah / niggar / nigguh / niggress / nigette / negro / neger (Dutch) | International/Worldwide | Black people, especially African-Americans | From the Spanish and Portuguese word negro ("black"), derived from the Latin niger. The Spanish or Portuguese term, or other such languages deriving the term from it such as Filipino, may vary in its connotation per country, where some countries, the connotation may range from either positive, neutral, or negative, depending on context. For example, in Spanish and Portuguese, it may simply refer to the color black. Among Spanish dialects in different countries, it may have either positive or negative connotations, such as describing someone similarly to my darling or my honey in Argentina, or describing someone to be angry in Spain. | [citation needed] |
Niggeritis | Black people | To feel sleepy after eating is referred to in and around the Caribbean as having "niggeritis", a direct allusion to the laziness of black Africans. | [375] | |
Nigger toe | United States | Black people | A slur that is actually referring to a Brazil nut | [376] |
Nip | United States, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom | Japanese people | someone of Japanese descent (shortened version of Nipponese, from Japanese name for Japan, Nippon) | [377] |
Nitchie / neche / neechee / neejee / nichi / nichiwa / nidge / nitchee / nitchy | Canada | Native Canadians | a Native American (from the Algonquian word for "friend") | [378] |
Non-Pri, Non-Pribumi | Indonesia | Indonesians of foreign descent, especially Chinese Indonesians | The term pribumi was coined after Indonesian independence to replace the derogatory Dutch term Inlander ("native"). "Non-pribumi," often simply "non-pri," was then used to refer to Indonesians of foreign descent and was generally considered to suggest that they were not full citizens. Use of both "pribumi" and "non-pribumi" by government departments was banned by President B.J. Habibie in 1998 according to Inpres (Instruksi Presiden, lit. President's Instruction) 26/1998, along with instruction to stop discrimination by race in government. | [379] |
Northern Monkey | United Kingdom | Northern English people | Used in the south of England, relating to the supposed stupidity and lack of sophistication of those in the north of the country. See also Southern Faerie. In some cases, this has been adopted in the north of England, with a pub in Leeds even taking the name "The Northern Monkey". | [380][381] |
Nusayri | Syria and the Levant | Members of the Alawite sect of Shi'a Islam. | Once a common and neutral term derived from the name of Ibn Nusayr, the sect's founder, it fell out of favour within the community in the early decades of the 20th century due to the perception that it implied a heretical separateness from mainstream Islam. Resurgent in the context of the ongoing Syrian civil war, the term is now often employed by Sunni fundamentalist enemies of the government of Bashar al-Assad, an Alawite, to suggest that the faith is a human invention lacking divine legitimacy. | [382][383] |
O
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ofay | African American Vernacular | White people
First recorded in the late 19th century. Origin unknown. Suggestions include Yoruba ófé, "to disappear"; pig Latin for "foe"; and French au fait, "socially proper". According to academic Geneva Smitherman, no longer derogatory. |
[384][385][386] | |
Oláh | Hungarian-speaking territories | Romanian people | Evolved to a pejorative term, originates from the historical designation of Romanians earlier the 19th century | [387] |
Oreo | United States | Black people | Used as early as the 1960s. Refers to a black person who is perceived as acting white, and therefore black on the outside and white on the inside like an Oreo cookie. | [388][389][390] |
Oven Dodger | Jewish people | Implying that one or one's ancestors avoided dying in the Holocaust and so avoid the crematorium ovens. | [391] | |
Overner | United Kingdom, Isle of Wight | Mainland United Kingdom Residents | a term used by residents of the Isle of Wight, sometimes pejoratively, to refer to people from the mainland United Kingdom. | [392] |
P
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Paddy / Paddy wagons | United Kingdom | Irish people | Derived from Pádraig/Patrick. Often derogatory; however, Lord Edward FitzGerald, a major leader of the United Irishmen of 1798, was proclaimed by his Sister proudly "a Paddy and no more" and stated that "he desired no other title than this." | [393][394][395] |
Pajeet | United States | Indian people | An American term for an Indian man. Used as a derogatory and disparaging term in reference to racial stereotyping towards Indians. The implication makes fun of a typical Indian male's name. Originated around late 2014 and early 2015. | [396] |
Paki, Pakkis | United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Norway | Pakistanis, other South Asians, and sometimes Middle Eastern people | Shortened from "Pakistani." | [397][398][399] |
Palagi | Pacific Islands | White people | A Samoan term for a white person, found throughout the Pacific islands. Not usually derogatory unless used in reference to a local to imply they have assimilated into Western culture. | [400] |
Paleface | Native Americans | White people | [401] | |
Pancake Face, Pancake | Asian people | [402] | ||
Papoose | United States, Canada | Native American children | [403] | |
Paraíba | Brazil | Northeastern Brazilian people | One of the 9 states in the Northeast Region of Brazil. As a slur, it refers generically to any Northeastern person. Used mainly in Rio de Janeiro, the term is related to the Northeastern immigration of the second half of the 20th century. | [33] |
Pastel de flango | Brazil | East Asian people | Used mostly to refer to people of Chinese and Japanese origin. Pastel is Portuguese for any pastry and so is used for wonton in Brazil. Flango is eye dialect of frango (Portuguese for chicken) ridiculing Asian pronunciation. | [404][405][406] |
Peckerwood | Southern African American people and Upper-class White people | Poor, rural White people | [407][408] | |
Peenoise | English-speaking Southeast Asia | Filipinos | Usually used in English or sometimes in Filipino (Tagalog) and other Philippine languages. Compound of pee + noise, likened to Pinoy, the colloquial diminutive demonym for Filipinos. The implication makes fun of their high-pitched voice and tendency to scream when speaking online, especially in online gaming and esports. | [409] |
Perker | Denmark | Middle Eastern or Arab | Portmanteau of "perser" (Persian) and "tyrker" (Turk). | [410][411] |
Pepper or Pepsi | Canada | French Canadians or Québécois. | [412][413] | |
Pickaninny | African American or West Indies child | [414][415] | ||
Piefke | Austria | Prussians and Germans | [citation needed] | |
Pikey / piky / piker | United Kingdom | Irish Travellers, Romani people, and vagrant lower-class/poor people | Derived from "turnpike".
|
[416] |
Pindos / Pendos (Russian: Пиндос) | Russia | Americans | Universal disparaging term to refer to all Americans. Related slur terms can refer to the United States ─ such as Pindosiya, Pindostan (Russian: Пиндосия, Пиндостан) and United States of Pindosiya. | [417][418] |
Plastic Paddy | Ireland | Estranged Irish People | Someone who knows little of Irish culture, but asserts their 'Irish' identity. Can refer to foreign nationals who claim Irishness based solely on having Irish relatives. Often used in the same sense as poseur and wannabe. | [419][420] |
Pocho / pocha | Southwest United States, Mexico | adjective: Term for a person of Mexican heritage who is partially or fully assimilated into United States culture (literally, "diluted, watered down (drink); undersized (clothing)"). See also "Chicano." | [421] | |
Pocahontas | United States | Native Americans | Refers to a distorted narrative of Pocahontas, a Native American woman, in which the 17th-century daughter of Powhatan who negotiated with the English at Jamestown, married an English colonist and converted to Christianity. | [422][423][424] |
Polack, Polak, Polock | Polish or Slavic people | From the Polish endonym, Polak (see Name of Poland). Note: the proper Swedish demonym for Polish people is polack, and the Norwegian equivalent is polakk. | [425][426][427][428] | |
Polaco | Spain | Catalan people | [citation needed] | |
Polaca | Brazil | Prostitute | In Brazilian Portuguese the word (meaning "Polish woman") became synonymous to "prostitute" | [429] |
Polentone | Italy | Northern Italians | Referring to them as a "polenta eater". | [430] |
Pom, Pohm, Pommy, Pommie, Pommie Grant | Australia, New Zealand, South Africa | British | [431] | |
Porridge wog | Scots | [432] | ||
Portagee | United States | Portuguese people and Portuguese Americans | Slur for Portuguese Americans immigrants | [433] |
Potet | Norway | Ethnic Norwegians | Means "potato" in Norwegian and is mostly used negatively among non-Western immigrants when talking about or trying to offend ethnic Norwegians. Means "light skin like a potato". | [434] |
Prairie nigger | Native American | [435] | ||
Prod | Northern Ireland | Northern Irish Protestants | [436] | |
Pshek | Russian | Polish males | [citation needed] |
Q
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Quashie | Caribbean | Black people | Often used on those who were often gullible or unsophisticated. From the West African name Kwazi, often given to a child born on a Sunday. | [437][438][439][440] |
R
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Raghead | Arabs, Indian Sikhs, etc. | Derived from those people wearing traditional headdress such as turbans or keffiyehs. See towel head. Sometimes used generically for all Islamic nations. | [441][442] | |
Ramasamy | British-ruled Southern Africa | Indians, | Ramasamy is a common name used mostly by Tamil people. The racially-divided southern Africa was inhabited by a large number of indentured labourers from India of whom Tamils were the majority. | [443][444] |
Rastus | United States | African Americans | A stereotypical term. | [445] |
Razakars | Bengali | Akin to the western term Judas. | [446] | |
Redlegs | Barbados | White people | Used to refer to the islands' laborer-class, given how pale skin tends to burn easily. | [447] |
Redskin | Native Americans | Often used in the names of sports teams. See Native American name controversy. | [citation needed] | |
Rootless cosmopolitan (Russian: безродный космополит) |
Russia | Jews | Soviet epithet, originated in the official parlance, as an accusation of lack of full allegiance to the Soviet Union. | [448] |
Rosuke, Roske | Japanese | Russians | "suke/ske" is a Japanese general-purpose derogatory suffix. | [449][450] |
Rooinek | South Africa | British people | Slang for a person of British descent. | [451] |
Roto | Peru, Bolivia | Chilean people | Used to refer disdainfully. The term roto ("tattered") was first applied to Spanish conquerors in Chile, who were badly dressed and preferred military strength over intellect. | [452] |
Roundeye | English-speaking Asians | Non-Asians, especially White people | [453] | |
Russki, ruski (in Poland) | United States Europe |
Russians | From the Russian word Русский Russkiy, meaning "Russian." | [454] |
S
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Safavid | Iraq | Feyli Kurds | Mainly used by higher class Sunni Arabs during Ba'athist Iraq to insult Feyli Kurds for their belief in Shia Islam | [455] |
Sambo | United States | African Americans or Black people | [456] | |
Sand nigger | United States | Arabs | Mainly used due to the desert environment of most Arab countries. Equivalent of dune coon (above). | [457][458][161] |
Sarong Party Girl | Singapore | Asian women | Used to ridicule Asian women who exclusively dates, marries, or socializes with White man for ulterior motives (especially for sexual, social status, and monetary purpose). | [459][460][461] |
Sassenach | Scottish, Gaelic | English people | [462] | |
Sawney | England | Scottish people | Archaic term. Local variant of Sandy, short for "Alasdair". | [463] |
Scandihoovian | Scandinavian people living in the United States | Somewhat pejorative term for people of Scandinavian descent living in the United States, now often embraced by Scandinavian descendants. | [464][465][466][467] | |
Seppo, Septic | Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom | American people | Cockney rhyming slang: Septic tank – Yank | [468] |
Schvartse, Schwartze | Yiddish or German speakers | African people (in the United States) Mizrahi Jews (in Israel) |
Literally translates to "black". | [469] |
Schwartze Khayeh | Ashkenazi Jews | Mizrahi Jews | Literally translates to "black animal". | [470] |
Sheboon | United States | Black women | [471] | |
Sheeny | United States | Jewish people | a 19th-century term for an "untrustworthy Jew". | [472] |
Sheepshagger | Australia, United Kingdom |
New Zealanders (in Australia) Welsh people (in the UK) |
[473][474] | |
Shelta | Ireland | Irish Travellers | Derived from siúilta, which means "The Walkers" in Irish. | [citation needed] |
Shiksa (female), Shegetz (male) | Yiddish speakers | Non-Jewish children | [475][476] | |
Shina (支那) | Japan, Hong Kong | Chinese people | [477] | |
Shine | United States | Black people | Derived from shoeshiner, a lowly job many black people had to take. | [478] |
Shiptar | Former Yugoslavia | Albanian people | From misspelled Albanian endonym “Shqiptar”. | [479] |
Shka i Velikës | Gheg Albanians | Montenegrins from Velika | Derogatory terms for Montenegrins named after the place Velika in Montenegro. | [185] |
Shkije | Gheg Albanians | Serbs, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Bosniaks | Derived from the Latin word "Sclavus" or from the Venetian word "Schiavone", which means Slav. | [480] |
Shkinulkë | Gheg Albanians | Serbs, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Bosniaks | Same as Shkije but targeted towards women. | [185] |
Shkutzim (Yiddish, plural) | Yiddish speakers (plural) | Non-Jewish men | Used especially on those perceived to be anti-Semitic. Cf. Shegetz, Shiksa. | [481] |
Shkutor Croatian: Škutor |
Croatia | West-Herzegovinan Croatian people | [482][483] | |
Shylock | Jewish people perceived as greedy or usurious | From the antagonistic character of Shylock, a Jewish money-lender, in William Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice. | [484] | |
Siamtue (Thai: เซียมตือ, Min Nan Chinese: 暹豬) | Bangkoker (Thai Chinese) | Central Thai people (usually include Mons) | literally: Siamese pig; Low and vile likes pigs, easy to fatten and slaughter, easy money. Mostly refers to Central Thais who migrated to Bangkok. | [485][failed verification] |
Sideways vagina/pussy/cooter | Asian women, particularly Chinese women. | [486] | ||
Skinny | United States | Somali people | A term most commonly used for Somali militia fighters | [487] |
Skopianoi | Greece | Ethnic Macedonians | derived from Skopje, the capital city of North Macedonia. | [488][489] |
Skip, Skippy | Australia | An Australian, especially one of British descent | Derived from the children's television series Skippy the Bush Kangaroo. | [490] |
Skævøjet | Denmark | East Asian people | Skævøjet, literally meaning "with crooked eyes", is a reference to their appearance. | [491] |
Slant, slant–eye | East Asian people | In reference to the appearance of the eyes. | [492] | |
Slope, slopehead, slopy, slopey, sloper | Australia, United Kingdom, and United States | Asian people (especially Vietnamese in Australia; especially Chinese in America) | Also slant, slant–eye. | [493][494][495] |
Snowflake | United States | White people | Mostly used in this context in the 19th and 20th centuries | [496] |
Smoked Irish/Smoked Irishman | United States | Black people | a 19th-century term intended to insult both blacks and Irish but used primarily for black people. | [437] |
Somdeang (โสมแดง) | Thailand | North Koreans | literally: red ginseng. (see also Somkhao) | [497][498][failed verification] |
Somkhao (โสมขาว) | Thailand | South Koreans | literally: white ginseng. (see also Somdeang) | [498][failed verification] |
Soosmar-khor: (سوسمار خور) | Persia | Arabian people | Persian for "lizard eater," referring to the eating of lizards in Arab cuisine. | [499][500][501] |
Sooty | United States | Black people | Originated in the 1950s. | [502] |
Southern Faerie, Southern Fairy | United Kingdom | Southern English people | Used in the North of England to refer to someone from the South, alluding to their supposed mollycoddled ways. (see also Northern Monkey) | [503] |
Soutpiel | South Africa | White English speakers | an Afrikaans term abbreviated as "Soutie" and translates as "Salt-penis," it derives from the Boer Wars where it was said that British soldiers had one foot in the United Kingdom, one foot in South Africa, and their penis dangled in the Atlantic Ocean (filled with saltwater). | [504] |
Spade | Black people | Recorded since 1928 (OED), from the playing cards suit. | [505] | |
Spearchucker | Africans, African Americans | Derived from the idea that people of African descent were primitive. | [506] | |
Spic, spick, spik, spig, or spigotty | United States | Hispanic people | First recorded use in 1915. Believed to be a play on a Spanish-accented pronunciation of the English word speak. May apply to Spanish speakers in general. | [507][508][509][510][511] |
Spook | Black people | Attested from the 1940s. | [512][513] | |
Squarehead | Nordic people, such as Scandinavians or Germans. | Refers to either the stereotyped shape of their heads, or to the shape of the Stahlhelm M1916 steel helmet, or to its owner's stubbornness (like a block of wood). | [514] | |
Squaw | United States and Canada | Native American women | Derived from lower East Coast Algonquian (Massachusett: ussqua), which originally meant "young woman". | [515][516] |
Swamp Guinea | Italian people | [517] | ||
Szkop, skopčák | Poland, Czech Republic | German people | The Polish term was particularly often used for Wehrmacht soldiers during World War II. | [518] |
Szwab | Poland | German people | Derived from Swabia. See also: Fritz | [519] |
T
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tacohead | United States | Mexican people | This phrase is uttered by Willem Dafoe's character (Charlie) in the film Born on the Fourth of July (1989). | [520] |
Taffy or Taff | United Kingdom | Welsh people | First used ca. 17th century. From the River Taff or the Welsh pronunciation of the name David (in Welsh, Dafydd). | [521] |
Taig (also Teague, Teg and Teig) | United Kingdom (primarily Northern Ireland) | Irish nationalists | Used by loyalists in Northern Ireland for members of the nationalist/Catholic/Gaelic community. Derived from the Irish name Tadhg, often mistransliterated as Timothy. | [522][523] |
Tanka | China | Tanka people | A name for a distinct ethnic group traditionally living in boats off the shore of South China. Originally descriptive ("Tan"/"Tang" is a Cantonese term for boat or junk and "ka" means family or peoples, Chinese: 蜑家; Cantonese Yale: Daahn gā / Dahng gā), the term Tanka is now considered derogatory and no longer in common use. The people concerned prefer to call themselves by other names, such as 'Nam Hoi Yan' (Chinese: 南海人; Cantonese Yale: Nàamhóiyàn; lit. 'People of The Southern Sea') or 'Sui Seung Yan' (Chinese: 水上人; pinyin: shuǐshàng rén; Cantonese Yale: Séuiseuhngyàn; lit. 'People Born on The Waters'), and other more polite terms. | [524][525][526][527][528][529][530][531][532] |
Tar-Baby | United States | Black children | Also used to refer without regard to race to a situation from which it is difficult to extricate oneself. See tar baby. | [533] |
Teapot | Black people | Originates from the 19th century. | [534][437] | |
Terrone | Italy | Southern Italian people. | [535][536] | |
Teuchter | Southern Scotland | Northern Scottish people | Used to refer to somebody from the north of Scotland or rural Scottish areas. | [537] |
Thicklips | United Kingdom | Black people | [437] | |
Tibla | Estonia | Russian or Soviet people | In widespread use by the Estonian War of Independence, this word was forbidden under the Soviet occupation of Estonia. It may be a shortened corruption of Vitebski, workers from the Vitebsk Governorate during World War I who were seen as dumb. It may also come from the Russian profane addressing "ty, blyad," "ты, блядь" ("you bitch", and the like [a]) or, truncated, "ty, blya," "ты, бля. | [538][539] |
Tiko | Indonesia | Native Indonesian people | Tiko stands for Tikus kotor (Dirty rat). | [540] |
Timber nigger | Native Americans | Refers to the Native Americans on the East coast living in areas that were heavily forested. | [541] | |
Timur | Syrian people from Damascus | Refers to the children born of the mass rapes that the Turco-Mongol Tatar soldiers of Timur committed against the Syrian women of Damascus in the Siege of Damascus (1400). | [542] | |
Ting tong | United Kingdom | Chinese people or East Asians. | [543] | |
Tinker / tynekere / tinkere / tynkere, -are / tynker / tenker / tinkar / tyncar / tinkard / tynkard / tincker | Britain and Ireland | Lower-class people | An inconsequential person (typically lower-class) (note that in Britain, the term "Irish Tinker" may be used, giving it the same meaning as example as directly below) | [citation needed] |
Scotland and Ireland | Romani people | origin unknown – possibly relating to one of the 'traditional' occupations of Romanis as traveling 'tinkerers' or repairers of common household objects | [544] | |
Scotland | Native Scottish people | A member of the native community; previously itinerant (but mainly now settled); who were reputed for their production of domestic implements from basic materials and for repair of the same items, being also known in the past as "travelling tinsmiths," possibly derived from a reputation for rowdy and alcoholic recreation. Often confused with Romani people. | [citation needed] | |
Toad | United States | Black people | Prison slang. | [545] |
Tonto | United States | Native Americans | Native American character in the American television and radio programs The Lone Ranger. Spanish for "Idiot". | [546][302] |
Touch of the tar brush | Commonwealth | White people with suspected non-white ancestry | Phrase for a person of predominantly Caucasian ancestry with real or suspected African or Asian distant ancestry. | [when defined as?][547] |
Towel head | Turban wearers | Often refers specifically to Sikhs, or Arabs and Muslims—based on the traditional keffiyeh headdress. However, in British English, the term is only used to refer to Arabs. Americans use the term 'rag-head' to apply to wearers of turbans as well, because the cloth that makes a turban could be described as a rag, but in British English the term towel-head solely refers to Arabs because the traditional, Middle Eastern keffiyeh, such as the red and white Saudi one or the black and white Palestinian keffiyeh worn by Yasser Arrafat, resemble the most common styles of British tea-towels – dishcloth in American – while Sikh turbans do not. | [548][549][550][551] | |
Turco-Albanian | Western Europe, Balkans | Muslim Albanians | Historically used in Western Europe and still in use within the Balkans to refer to Muslim Albanians. In the Greek language, the expression is rendered as Turkalvanoi. | [552] |
Turco | Argentina, Brazil, Chile | Syrians, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jews, Armenians | Meaning "Turk" in Portuguese and Spanish. The term originated in the late 19th century to refer those who came to Brazil, Argentina and Chile from the Ottoman Empire. Since Jews (both Sephardic and Ashkenazi) frequently occupied the same roles as peddlers as Syrians and Lebanese (who were the majority of those with Ottoman passports in Brazil), they were also called "turcos" in Brazil. Ironically, there was no relevant immigration of ethnic Turks to Brazil. | [553][554][555] |
Turk | South Wales | Llanelli residents | The origin of this term is uncertain; some theories suggest it due to Llanelli's popularity with Turkish sailors in the late 19th to early 20th century or possibly when Turkish migrants heading for the United States stopped in Llanelli and decided to settle due to there being jobs available. However, most likely it's due to the fact that during World War One there was a trade embargo in place during Gallipoli, but Llanelli continued to trade tin with the Turkish; this led to people from neighbouring Swansea and other surrounding areas referring to them as Turks. | [556] |
Turko | Sephardic Jews | Ashkenazi Jews | Ladino word meaning "Turk". The exact history of the term is uncertain, but possibly refers to the Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry. | [557] |
Twinkie: | United States | European Americans, Asian Americans | European Americans with few or no social or genealogical links to an indigenous tribe, who claims to be Native American, particularly a New Age practitioner purporting to be a spiritual leader, healer, or medicine man/woman ( ). Also an Asian American who has become assimilated into mainstream American culture ( ).[38] | [558][559][560] |
U
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ukrop | Russians | Ukrainians | A disparaging term which means "dill" in Russian and Ukrainian, itself derived from "Ukrainian"<->Ukrop. | [561][312] |
Uncle Tom | United States | Black people | Refers to black people perceived as behaving in a subservient manner to white authority figures. | [562] |
UPAina/ UPAińcy / UPAiniec, UPAinka | Poland | Ukrainians | Portmanteau word Ukraine + UPA (Ukrayins'ka Povstans'ka Armiia) responsible for Volhynia genocide | [563][564] |
Uppity | Black people | Refers to black people who are perceived as being insolent. | [230][565] |
V
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Veneco | South America | Venezuelans | [566] | |
Vrindavan, Prindapan | Indonesia | Indian people | Indonesian version of pajeet. Originated from Little Krishna animated series. | [567] |
Vuzvuz | Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews | Ashkenazi Jews | Onomatopoeia of the Yiddish word for "What", which Judaeo-Spanish speaking Sephardi Jews and Judaeo-Arabic speaking Mizrahi Jews did not understand. | [568] |
W
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wagon burner | Native American people | A reference to when Native American tribes would attack wagon trains during the wars in the eastern American frontier. | [569] | |
Wasi'chu, Wasichu | Lakota people, Dakota people | Non-Native white people | Word for a non-Native white person, meaning "the one who takes the best meat for himself." | [570] |
West Brit | Ireland | Irish people | Directed at Irish people perceived as being insufficiently Irish or too Anglophilic. | [571][572] |
Wetback | United States | Undocumented immigrants | Refers to undocumented immigrants residing in the United States. Originally applied specifically to undocumented Mexican migrant workers who had crossed the United States border via the Rio Grande river to find work in the United States, its meaning has since broadened to any undocumented person who enters the United States through its southern border. | [573] |
White ears | Nauru | White people | [574] | |
White interloper | White people | Refers to a white person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or are considered not to belong. | [575] | |
Wigger / Whigger / Wigga (meaning white nigger) | United States | Irish people | Used in 19th-century United States to refer to the Irish. Sometimes used today in reference to white people in a manner similar to white trash or redneck. Also refers to white youth that imitate urban black youth by means of clothing style, mannerisms, and slang speech. Also used by radical Québécois in self-reference, as in the seminal 1968 book White Niggers of America. | [576] |
White trash | United States | Poor white people | Common usage from the 1830s by black house slaves against white servants. | [577] |
Whitey | White people | [578] | ||
Wog | Commonwealth | Dark-skinned foreigners | Any swarthy or dark-skinned foreigner. Possibly derived from "golliwogg." In Western nations, it usually refers to dark-skinned people from Asia or Africa, though some use the term to refer to anyone outside the borders of their own country. | [579] |
Australia | Southern Europeans, Mediterraneans | Usually used to refer to Southern Europeans and Mediterraneans (Italians, Croatians, Greeks, Albanians, Spaniards, Lebanese, and others, including to a lesser extent those from former Yugoslavia). It has become reappropriated by the cultures that it is commonly used to describe, but may be considered by some as controversial. | [580] | |
Wop | United States, Canada, United Kingdom | Italian people | Derived from the Italian dialectism, "guappo," close to "dude, swaggerer" and other informal appellations, a greeting among male Neapolitans. | [581][582] |
X
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Xiao Riben | China | Japanese people | [citation needed] | |
Xing Ling | Brazil | Chinese people | Chinese products or low-quality products in general. Sometimes used to refer to Chinese people as well. Etymologically, this term is said to be derived from Mandarin 星零 xing ling ("zero stars"). | [583] |
Y
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yam yam | United Kingdom | Black Country residents | Term used by people from Birmingham. | [584] |
Yanacona | Chile | Mapuche people | Term used by modern Mapuche as an insult for Mapuches considered to be subservient to non-indigenous Chileans, "sellout." Use of the word "yanacona" to describe people have led legal action in Chile. | [585] |
Yank | British English speakers | Americans | A contraction of "Yankee" below, first recorded in 1778 and employed internationally by speakers of British English in informal reference to all Americans generally. | [586] |
Yankee | Dutch speakers | Americans | Possibly from Janke ("Johnny") or a dialectical variant of Jan Kaas ("John Cheese"). First applied by the Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam to Connecticuters and then to other residents of New England, "Yankee" remains in use in the American South in reference to Northerners, often in a mildly pejorative sense. Outside the US, especially in Spain and South America, used to describe all citizens of the US, regardless of which part of the US they come from. | [586] |
Yellow | Asian people | An East or southeast Asian person, in reference to those who have a yellowish skin color. | [587] | |
Mixed Ethnic people | Anyone of mixed heritage, especially black or white people; a light-skinned black person, or a dark-skinned white person. | [587] | ||
Yid | Jewish people | Derived from its use as an endonym among Yiddish-speaking Jews. In the United Kingdom, "yid" is also used to refer to supporters of the Tottenham Hotspur football club, whose fans refer to themselves and players as "yids" (or the derivative form "yiddo"), regardless of whether or not they are Jewish, as part of a reclamation attempt centered around the club's significant historic Jewish following. The latter sense is common and well-established enough to be found under the word's Oxford English Dictionary entry, though its use has become controversial and a matter of debate in the 21st century, with opinions from both Jews and non-Jews, Tottenham fans and non-fans, running the gamut. | [588][589] | |
Yuon | Cambodia | Vietnamese people | The Cambodian word "Yuon" (yuôn) យួន /juən/ is derived from the Indian word for Greek, "Yavana." It can also be spelled as "Youn." | [590][591] |
Z
Term | Location or origin | Targets | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zip, Zipperhead | United States | Asian people | Used by American military personnel during the Korean War and Vietnam War. Also used in the films Apocalypse Now (1979), Platoon (1986), Full Metal Jacket (1987), Romeo Must Die (2000), Gran Torino (2008), and Premium Rush (2012). | [592][593][594] |
Zuca, Brazuca | Portugal | Brazilians | Short for Brazuca, derived from "Brasil", used by Portuguese people to refer to Brazilians living in Portugal. | [595][596] |
Zhyd, zhid, zhydovka, zhidovka | East Slavic language speakers | Jewish people | Originally neutral (as in other Slavic languages), but became pejorative as debate over the Jewish question and the antisemitism in the Russian Empire intensified in the end of the 19th century. While still in official use during the Ukrainian War of Independence and the short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic, its use was banned by the Soviet authorities, which had previously been campaigning against its usage, in the 1930s. The usage of the word "żyd" in Polish depends on capitalisation and grammatical form: upper-case Żyd is neutral and denotes Jews in general or Jews as a nationality; the lower-case form (żyd, plural: żydzi) denotes a follower of Judaism and, while neutral, is discouraged as it may be confused with the insult "żyd" (plural: żydy), referring to Jews themselves or to greedy people, or both. | [597][598] |
See also
- Category:Sex- and gender-related slurs
- Fighting words
- Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese
- Hate speech
- List of disability-related terms with negative connotations
- List of ethnic group names used as insults
- List of ethnic slurs by ethnicity
- List of LGBT slang terms
- List of regional nicknames
- List of religious slurs
- List of terms used for Germans
- Lists of pejorative terms for people
- Term of disparagement
- Xenophobia
- Xenophobia in the United States
- Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic
- wikt:Category:English ethnic slurs
- Wiktionary category: English derogatory terms
- wikt:Appendix:English terms for outsiders
References
- ^ Spears (2001), p. 1.
- ^ Woo, Emma (2008). Chinese American Names: Tradition and Transition. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7864-3877-8. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
[Translated Electronically] Not surprisingly, Chinese Americans who do not speak Chinese may be told that they are 'not really Chinese'. This message is found in the term ABC which stands for 'American-born Chinese'. It implies that the native-born who cannot speak Chinese has either rejected or lost his Chinese heritage. Yet many native-born Chinese Americans cheerfully use for themselves.
- ^ Radhakrishnan, Rajagopalan (24 February 2006). "Diaspora, Hybridity, Pedagogy". In Ghosh-Schellhorn, Martina; Alexander, Vera (eds.). Peripheral Centres, Central Peripheries: India and Its Diaspora(s). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 116. ISBN 978-3-8258-9210-4. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ^ Deng, Francis. War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. p. 409.
- ^ Zia, Helen (2001). Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People. Macmillan. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-374-52736-5. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ Moore (2004), p. 3, "abo"
- ^ Green (2005), p. 10, 1003
- ^ Poteet, Jim; Poteet, Lewis (1992). Car & Motorcycle Slang. p. 14, Afro engineering. ISBN 978-0-595-01080-6.
- ^ "Where do you stand in racist Hong Kong? Here's something to chew over". South China Morning Post. 15 January 2018.
- ^ Tripp, Elise Forbes. Surviving Iraq: Soldiers' Stories. Interlink Publishing. p. 22.
- ^ Spears (2001), p. 6.
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There is nothing inherently insulting about the word 'goy.' In fact, the Torah occasionally refers to the Jewish people using the term 'goy.' Most notably, in Exodus 19:6, G-d [sic] says that the Children of Israel will be 'a kingdom of priests and a holy nation', that is, a goy kadosh. Because Jews have had so many bad experiences with anti-Semitic non-Jews over the centuries, the term 'goy' has taken on some negative connotations, but in general the term is no more insulting than the word 'gentile.'
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Hey how far the fuck you going – tacohead!
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shii leung (shu lang) shii miu (shu miao) shui fan (shui fen) shui kwa (shui kua) sui seung yan (shui shang jen) Shui Sin (Shui Hsien) shuk in (shu yen) ShunTe Sian Sin Ku (Hsien Ku) sin t'it (hsien t'ieh) Sin Yan (Hsien Jen) sing
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The Tanka are boat dwellers who very seldom settle ashore. They themselves do not much use this name, which they consider derogatory, but usually call themselves 'Nam Hoi Yan (people of the southern sea) or 'Sui Seung Yan
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It's little wonder that Indians are closed-mouthed about their spirituality. Non-Indians claiming to be 'spiritual leaders,' 'healers,' and 'medicine men and women' abound in this country, and these 'crystal twinkies' (as a former Hopi student likes to call them) make a pretty decent living at deceiving the public.
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Bibliography
- Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923205-5.
- Dalzell, Tom (2018). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-76520-6.
- Doane, Ashley W.; Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, eds. (2003). White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-93583-8.
- Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang (2nd ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
- Herbst, Philip (1997). The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press. ISBN 978-1-877864-42-1.
- Moore, Bruce, ed. (2004). The Australian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551796-5.
- Partridge, Eric (2006a). Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (eds.). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Volume I: A–I. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-25937-8.
- Partridge, Eric (2006b). Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (eds.). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Volume II: J–Z. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-25938-5.
- Rawson, Hugh (1989). Wicked Words: A Treasury of Curses, Insults, Put-downs, and Other Formerly Unprintable Terms from Anglo-Saxon Times to the Present. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-517-57334-1.
- Spears, Richard A. (1990). Forbidden American English. Lincolnwood, Ill.: Passport Books. ISBN 978-0-8442-5152-3.
- Spears, Richard A. (2001). Slang and Euphemism: A Dictionary of Oaths, Curses, Insults, Ethnic Slurs, Sexual Slang and Metaphor, Drug Talk, College Lingo, and Related Matters (3rd revised & abridged ed.). New York: Signet. ISBN 978-0-451-20371-7.
- Wilkes, G. A. (1978). A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms. Sydney: Fontana/Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-635719-3.
Further reading
- Burchfield, Robert. "Dictionaries and Ethnic Sensibilities." In The State of the Language, ed. Leonard Michaels and Christopher Ricks, University of California Press, 1980, pp. 15–23.
- Croom, Adam M. "Racial Epithets: What We Say and Mean by Them". Dialogue 51 (1):34–45 (2008)
- Henderson, Anita. "What's in a Slur?" American Speech, Volume 78, Number 1, Spring 2003, pp. 52–74 in Project MUSE
- Kennedy, Randall. Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word (Pantheon, 2002)
- Mencken, H. L. "Designations for Colored Folk." American Speech, 1944. 19: 161–74.
- Wachal, Robert S. "Taboo and Not Taboo: That Is the Question." American Speech, 2002. vol. 77: 195–206.
Dictionaries
- Erin McKean, ed. The New Oxford American Dictionary, second edition. (Oxford University Press, 2005)
- Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2002)
- John A. Simpson, Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series. ISBN 0-19-861299-0
- Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson, ed. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. (Oxford University Press, 2004)