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Gurgaon district

Coordinates: 28°15′N 77°10′E / 28.250°N 77.167°E / 28.250; 77.167
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This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Gurgaon.

Template:India Districts Gurugram (Gurgaon) district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern India. Gurugram (Gurgaon) city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The population is 1,660,289 which includes revenue tehsils which are now part of Mewat district.[1]

It is one of the southern districts of Haryana. On its north, it is bounded by the district of Jhajjar and the Union Territory of Delhi. Faridabad district lies to its east. On its south, lie the districts of Palwal and Mewat. To its west lies Rewari district.

History

According to Mahabharata (900 BCE), the area was granted by the eldest Pandava king Yudhishthira to their teacher Dronacharya. Later is passed in the hands of Maurya empire to invaders like Parthian and Kushan, and Yaudheya after they expelled Kushanas from the area between Yamuna and Satluj. Yodheyas was sujugated by king Rudradaman I of Indo-Scythians and later by Gupta Empire and then by Hunas, who were overthrown by Yashodharman of Mandsaur and then by Yashovarman of Kannauj. Area was also ruled by Harsha (590 - 467 CE), Gurjara-Pratihara (mid 7th century CE to 11th century). Tomara dynasty, who founded Dhillika in 736 CE, were earlier tributaries of Partiharas, overthrew Partiharas. Tomaras were defeated by [[ who were in turn were overthrown in 1156 CE by king Visaladeva Chauhan of Chauhan Dynasty. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan conquered the area of Gurugram, Nuh, Bhiwani and Rewari in 1182 CE. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 CE, the area came under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206 CE) of Delhi Sultanate who defeated and killed Prithviraj's son Hemraj who had invaded Mewat are from Alwar. Meo who were all Hindus during those times, killed Sayyid Wajih-ud-din who was sent to subjugate Meos, but they were later suppressed by nephew of Aibak called Miran Hussain Jang and those Meo who remained Hindus were forced to pay Islamic religious tax Jizya and others were forced to convert to Islam. In 1249 CE, Balban killed 2000 rebellious Meos. Meo rebels took away large number of camels of Balban's army in 1257-58 CE. In 1260 CE, Balban retaliated by overrunning the area and killing 250 Meo prisoners and slaughtered 12,000 women, children and surviving men. At the time of invasion of Timur in 1398 CE, Sambar Pal, titled Bahadur Nahar, of Hindu Jadu clan was the prominent king of the area who constructed the fort called Kotla Bahadur Nahar near Kotla lake at Kotla village of Nuh. Sambar Pal was converted to Islam with new name Raja Nahar Khan (not to be confused with jat king Nahar Singh) and became founder of Khanzada Rajputs after submitting to Timur. In 1421 CE, Sayyid dynasty king of Delhi, Khizr Khan defeated Bahadur Nahar's converted son Jalal Khan of Mewat and kotla fort. When in 1425, converted grandsons of Bahadur Nahar named Jalal Khan and Abdul Qadir (Jallu and Qaddu) revolted, they were defeated by delhi Sultan Mubarak Shah ( 1421– 1434 CE) who overran Mewat and killed Qaddu. Jallu continued the native Mewati rebellion against the Delhi sultanate. In 1527, Hasan Khan Mewati, a descendant of Sambar Pal, sided with Rajput king Rana Sanga and they were defeated by Babur at Battle of Khanwa where Hassan Khan Mewati was killed by Mughals and his son Naher Khan II ruled Mewat as a vassal of Mughals. Aurangzeb sent Jai Singh I to crush the revolting Khanzada Mewati chief Ikram Khan. After the death of Aurangzeb, Bahadurgarh and Farrukhnagar in the north were under the Baloch nawabs who were granted jagir in 1713 CE by Mughal king Farrukhsiyar, central area of Badshapur was under Hindu Badgujar Rajput king Hathi Singh and south including Nuh were under the great Jat king of Bharatpur State, Maharaja Suraj Mal. During Maratha Empire the area was conquered by their French generals in late 18th century and they granted Farukhnagar to George Thomas and Jharsa (Badshahpur) to Begum Sumro and south area including Nuh stayed under the Bharatpur jat kings and their vassal relatives, one of whom was Nahar Singh.[2][3][4]

Geography

This district contains many small hill ranges which are part of the Aravali and Mangar Bani ranges.

Sub-Divisions

The district is divided into 3 sub-divisions: Gurgaon North, Gurgaon South and Pataudi, which are further divided into five revenue tehsils, namely, Gurgaon, Sohna, Pataudi, Farukh Nagar, Manesar. It also comprises four rural development blocks, Pataudi, Sohna, Gurgaon and Farrukhnagar.

There are 4 Haryana Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in this district: Pataudi, Badshahpur, Gurgaon and Sohna.[5] All of these are part of Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency.[6]

Industries

A large number of industries and offices have been established in Gurgaon city, Manesar and Sohna Road. Cyber City on NH8 is a popular location where most Multi National Companies (MNC) have taken large office spaces. All SEZs in Haryana State are in Gurgaon, except Sonipat[7] While many other modern commercial clusters have come up on Udyog Vihar, Manesar, Rajiv Chowk, Sohna Road, Golf Course Road etc.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Gurgaon district has a population of 1,514,085,[8] roughly equal to the nation of Gabon[9] or the US state of Hawaii.[10] This gives it a ranking of 328th in India (out of a total of 640).[8] The district has a population density of 1,241 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,210/sq mi) .[8] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 73.93%.[8] Gurgaon has a sex ratio of 853 females for every 1000 males,[8] and a literacy rate of 84.4%.[8]

Religion in Gurgaon district (2011)[11]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 93.03%
Islam
 
 4.68%
Sikhism
 
 1.00%
Christianity
 
 0.64%
Jainism
 
 0.49%
Buddhism
 
 0.06%
Not Stated
 
 0.09%

References

  1. ^ Haryana renames Gurgaon city and district to Gurgaon, published April 2016, accessed July 201
  2. ^ Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1983, Haryana Revenue Department, Chapter II, pp.35-45.
  3. ^ Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910", Haryana Revenue Department, Section B, pp.19-24.
  4. ^ Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1883-84", Haryana Revenue Department, Chapter II, pp.19-25.
  5. ^ "District Wise Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Chief Electoral Officer, Haryana website. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  6. ^ "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India. p. 157.
  7. ^ http://www.sezindia.nic.in/writereaddata/pdf/ListofoperationalSEZs.pdf
  8. ^ a b c d e f "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  9. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. gujjars have many villages in gurgaon. Gabon 1,576,665
  10. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Hawaii 1,360,301
  11. ^ http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/225-gurgaon.html
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28°15′N 77°10′E / 28.250°N 77.167°E / 28.250; 77.167

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