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List of revolutions and rebellions

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See also: List of coups d'état and coup attempts and List of invasions

The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789, during the French Revolution.
Greek War of Independence, (1821–30), rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire, a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent Greece.

This is a list of revolutions and rebellions.

BC

  Revolutionary/rebel victory
  Revolutionary/rebel defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
c. 2730 BC Set rebellion Egypt Priests of Horus Egypt divides into Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt [1]
c. 2690 BC Nubian revolt Egypt Nubians Pharaoh Khasekhemwy quashed the rebellion, reuniting Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt [2]
c. 2380 BC Sumerian revolt Lagash, Sumer Sumerians The popular revolt deposed King Lugalanda and put the reformer Urukagina on the throne. [3]
1042–1039 BC Rebellion of the Three Guards China Three Guards, separatists and Shang loyalists Decisive Zhou loyalist victory, Fengjian system established, Resistance of Shang loyalists is broken. [4]
842 BC Compatriots Rebellion China Peasants and soldiers King Li of Zhou was exiled and China was ruled by the Gonghe Regency until Li's death. [5][6]
626–620 BC Revolt of Babylon Neo-Assyrian Empire Babylonians, led by Nabopolassar The Babylonians overthrew Assyrian rule, establishing the Neo-Babylonian Empire, which ruled over the Near East for about a century. [7]
570 BC Amasis revolt Egypt Egyptian soldiers Pharaoh Apries was overthrown and exiled, giving Amasis II the opportunity to seize the throne. Apries later attempted to retake Egypt, with Babylonian support, but was defeated and killed. [8]
552–550 BC Persian Revolt Persis, Media Persians, led by Cyrus the Great Median rule overthrown, Persis and Media become part of the new Achaemenid Empire
522 BC Anti-Achaemeneid Rebellions Achaemenid Empire Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Elamites, Medians and Parthians Darius the Great quashes all the rebellions within the space of a year. [9]
510–509 BC Roman Revolution Rome Republicans The Roman monarchy was overthrown and in its place the Roman Republic was established. [10]
508–507 BC Athenian Revolution Athens Democrats The Tyrant Hippias was deposed and the subsequent aristocratic oligarchy overthrown, establishing Democracy in Athens. [11]
499–493 BC Ionian Revolt Ionia, Achaemenid Empire Greeks The Achaemenid Empire asserts its rule over the city states of Ionia. [12]
494 BC First secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians Patricians freed some of the plebs from their debts and conceded some of their power by creating the office of the Tribune of the Plebs. [13]
484 BC Bel-shimanni's rebellion Babylon, Achaemenid Empire Babylonians Rebellion quickly defeated by Xerxes I. [14]
482–481 BC Shamash-eriba's rebellion Babylon, Achaemenid Empire Babylonians Rebellion eventually defeated by Xerxes I, Babylon's forticiations were destroyed and its temples were ransacked. [14]
464 BC Third Messenian War Sparta Messenian Helots Slave revolt put down by Archidamus II, who called Sparta to arms in the wake of an earthquake. [15]
460–454 BC Inaros' revolt Egypt, Achaemenid Empire Inaros II and his Athenian allies Defeated by the Persian army led by Megabyzus and Artabazus, after a two-year siege. Inaros was captured and carried away to Susa where he was crucified. [16][17]
449 BC Second Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians The Senate forced the resignation of the Decemviri and restored both the office of Tribune of the Plebs and the right of appeal, which were suspended during the rule of the Decemvir. [18][19]
445 BC Third Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians Intermarriage between Patricians and Plebeians was legalized and the position of Consular Tribune (a Tribune of the Plebs elected with the powers of a consul) was created. [20][21]
342 BC Fourth Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians [20]
287 BC Fifth Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians The Lex Hortensia was implemented, establishing that the laws decided by the Plebeian Council were made binding on all Roman citizens, including patricians. This law finally eliminated the political disparity between the two classes, bringing the Conflict of Orders to an end after about two hundred years of struggle. [22]
241 BC Revolt of the Falisci Roman Republic Falisci The Falisci were defeated and subjugated to Roman dominance, the town of Falerii was destroyed. [23]
209 BC Dazexiang uprising China Villagers led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang The uprising was put down by Qin forces, Chen and Wu were assassinated by their own men. [24]
206 BC Liu Bang's Insurrection China Han forces The Qin dynasty is overthrown in a popular revolt and after a period of contention, Liu Bang is crowned Emperor of the Han dynasty.
205–185 BC Great revolt of the Egyptians Egypt Egyptians, led by Hugronaphor and Ankhmakis Revolt put down by the Ptolemaic Kingdom, cementing Greek rule over Egypt. [25]
181–179 BC First Celtiberian War Hispania, Roman Republic Celtiberians Revolt eventually subdued by the Romans. [26]
167–160 BC Maccabean Revolt Judea, Coele-Syria, Seleucid Empire Maccabees, led by Judas Maccabeus Sovereignty of Judea is secured, eventually the independent Hasmonean dynasty is established. [27]
154 BC Rebellion of the Seven States China Principalities led by Liu Pi Rebellion crushed after 3 months, further centralization of imperial power. [28]
154–151 BC Second Celtiberian War Hispania, Roman Republic Celtiberians Rome increased its influence in Celtiberia [29]
143–133 BC Numantine War Hispania, Roman Republic Celtiberians Expansion of the Roman territory through Celtiberia. [30]
155-139 BC Lusitanian War Lusitania, Roman Republic Lusitanians, led by Viriatus. Pacification of Lusitania [31]
135–132 BC First Servile War Sicily, Roman Republic Sicilian slaves, led by Eunus After some minor battles won by the slaves, a larger Roman army arrived in Sicily and defeated the rebels. [32]
125 BC Fregellae's revolt Fregellae, Roman Republic Fregellaeans Fregellae was captured and destroyed by Lucius Opimius [33]
104–100 BC Second Servile War Sicily, Roman Republic Sicilian slaves, led by Salvius Tryphon The revolt was quelled, and 1,000 slaves who surrendered were sent to fight against beasts in the arena back at Rome for the amusement of the populace. To spite the Romans, they refused to fight and killed each other quietly with their swords, until the last flung himself on his own blade. [34]
91–88 BC Social War Italy, Roman Republic Italic peoples Eventually resulted in a Roman victory. However, Rome granted Roman citizenship to all of its Italian allies, to avoid another costly war. [35]
88–87 BC First civil war Italy, Roman Republic Populares The Optimates were victorious and Sulla consolidated his power over Rome. [36]
82–81 BC Second civil war Italy, Roman Republic Populares The Optimates were once again victorious and Sulla established himself as Dictator of Rome. [37]
80–71 BC Sertorian War Hispania, Roman Republic Populares The war ended after the Populares leader Quintus Sertorius was assassinated by Marcus Perperna Vento, who was then promptly defeated by Pompey. [38]
77 BC Lepidus' rebellion Italy, Roman Republic Populares Lepidus was defeated in battle and died from illness, other Populares fled to Spain to fight in the Sertorian War. [39]
73–71 BC Third Servile War Italy, Roman Republic Gladiators, led by Spartacus The armies of Spartacus were defeated by the legions of Marcus Licinius Crassus. [40][41]
65 BC First Catilinarian conspiracy Rome, Roman Republic Catiline Lucius Aurelius Cotta and Lucius Manlius Torquatus remain in power as consuls. [42]
62 BC Second Catilinarian conspiracy Rome, Roman Republic Catiline The plot was exposed, forcing Catiline to flee from Rome. Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius Hybrida remain in power as consuls. [43]
52–51 BC Gallic Wars Gaul Gauls, led by Vercingetorix The Gaulic revolt was crushed by Julius Caesar [44]
49–45 BC Great Roman Civil War Roman Republic Populares, led by Julius Caesar Caesar defeated the Optimates, assumed control of the Roman Republic and became Dictator in perpetuity. [45]
44–36 BC Sicilian revolt Sicily, Roman Republic Sextus Pompey Revolt ended in a victory for the Second Triumvirate. [46]
38 BC Aquitanian revolt Gallia Narbonensis, Roman Republic Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Revolt suppressed by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. [47]
29 BC Theban revolt Thebes, Egypt, Roman Republic Egyptians Revolt suppressed by Cornelius Gallus [48]

1–999 AD

Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
3–6 Gaetulian War Mauretania,  Roman Empire Gaetuli Revolt suppressed by Cossus Cornelius Lentulus [49]
6 Judas Uprising Judea,  Roman Empire Zealots led by Judas of Galilee Riots against the Roman census erupt throughout the country, but others are convinced by the High Priest of Israel to obey the census. [50]
6–9 Bellum Batonianum Illyricum,  Roman Empire Illyrian tribes Revolt eventually suppressed by the Romans. [51]
9–16 Germanic revolt Germania Alliance of Germanic tribes, led by Arminius The Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus were defeated in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, temporarily halting further Roman occupation and colonization. [52]
14 Mutiny of the legions Germania and Illyricum,  Roman Empire Roman legions Revolt suppressed by Germanicus and Drusus Julius Caesar respectively [53]
15–24 Tacfarinas' revolt' Mauretania,  Roman Empire Musulamii Revolt suppressed by Publius Cornelius Dolabella [54]
17–23 First Red Eyebrow Rebellion China Red Eyebrow and Lulin rebels Xin dynasty overthrown and the Gengshi Emperor is instated on the throne. [55][56]
24–27 Second Red Eyebrow Rebellion China Red Eyebrow rebels Revolt suppressed by Liu Xiu's forces and the Eastern Han dynasty is established. [57][58]
21 Gaulish debtors' revolt Gaul,  Roman Empire Treveri and Aedui The Treveri revolt was put down by Julius Indus and the Aedui revolt was put down by Gaius Silius. [59]
26 Thracian revolt Odrysian kingdom Thracians Revolt suppressed by Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus. [60]
28 Revolt of the Frisii Frisia Frisii The Roman Empire is driven out of Frisia. [61]
36 Revolt of the Cietae Cappadocia,  Roman Empire Cietae Rebellion put down by Archelaus of Cilicia. [62]
40–43 Trung sisters' rebellion Lĩnh Nam Vietnamese led by the Trung Sisters After brief end to the First Chinese domination of Vietnam, the Han dynasty reconquers the country and begins the Second Chinese domination of Vietnam. [63]
40–44 Mauretanian revolt Mauretania,  Roman Empire Mauri led by Aedemon and Sabalus Revolt suppressed by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta, Mauretania is annexed directly into the empire and split into the Roman provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis. [64]
42 Camillus' revolt Dalmatia,  Roman Empire Roman legions led by Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus Rebellion quickly collapses, Camillus flees to Vis where he takes his own life. [65]
46–48 Jacob and Simon uprising Galilee, Judea,  Roman Empire Zealots Revolt suppressed, Jacob and Simon executed by Tiberius Julius Alexander. [66]
60–61 Boudican revolt Norfolk, Britain,  Roman Empire Celtic Britons led by Boudica Revolt crushed by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. [67]
66–73 First Jewish–Roman War Judea Jewish people Revolt crushed by the Roman Empire, Jerusalem and the Second Temple are destroyed in the process. [68]
68 Vindex's Revolt Gallia Lugdunensis,  Roman Empire Gaius Julius Vindex Vindex was defeated in battle by Lucius Verginius Rufus and committed suicide. [69]
69 Colchis uprising Colchis,  Roman Empire Anicetus Uprising put down by Roman forces. [70]
69–70 Revolt of the Batavi Batavia Batavi Revolt crushed by Quintus Petillius Cerialis and the Batavi again submitted to Roman rule, Batavia is incorporated into the Roman province of Germania Inferior. [71]
89 Revolt of Saturninus Germania Superior,  Roman Empire Lucius Antonius Saturninus Revolt swiftly crushed by the Roman legions. [72]
115–117 Kitos War Eastern Mediterranean,  Roman Empire Zealots Revolt crushed by the Roman legions and its leaders executed. [73]
117 Mauretanian revolt Mauretania,  Roman Empire Mauri Revolt suppressed by Marcius Turbo
132–135 Bar Kokhba revolt Judea,  Roman Empire Jewish people led by Simon bar Kokhba All-out defeat of the Jewish rebels, followed by wide-scale persecution and genocide of Jewish people and the suppression of Jewish religious and political autonomy. [74]
172 Bucolic war Egypt,  Roman Empire Egyptians led by Isidorus Revolt suppressed by Avidius Cassius [75]
184–205 Yellow Turban Rebellion China Yellow Turban Army led by Zhang Jue The uprising eventually collapsed and was fully suppressed by various warlords of the Eastern Han dynasty. However, the large devolution of power to regional warlords led to the collapse of the Han dynasty not long after. [76]
185–205 Heishan secession Taihang Mountain, China Heishan bandits The autonomous confederacy eventually surrendered to the warlord Cao Cao. [77]
185 Roman mutiny Britain,  Roman Empire Roman legions Mutiny suppressed by Pertinax. [78]
218 Battle of Antioch Antioch, Syria,  Roman Empire Elagabalus Elagabalus overthrows Macrinus and is installed as Roman Emperor. [79]
225–248 Lady Triệu's uprising Vietnam Vietnamese led by Lady Triệu After several months of warfare Lady Triệu was defeated and committed suicide. The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam continues. [80]
227–228 Xincheng Rebellion Cao Wei, China Meng Da The revolt was suppressed by Sima Yi, Meng Da was captured and executed. [81]
251 Wang Ling's Rebellion Shouchon, Cao Wei, China Wang Ling Wang Ling surrendered to the Wei forces and later committed suicide. [82]
255 Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's Rebellion Shouchon, Cao Wei, China Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin Cao Wei is victorious, Guanqiu Jian is slain, Wen Qin and his family fled to Eastern Wu. [82]
257–258 Zhuge Dan's Rebellion Shouchon, Cao Wei, China Zhuge Dan Cao Wei is victorious and the Sima clan cements control over the Wei government until its eventual demise. [82]
284–286 Gallic peasants' rebellion Gaul,  Roman Empire Bagaudae Rebellion crushed by Caesar Maximian, though the Bagaudae movement would persist until the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. [83]
286–296 Carausian Revolt Britain and northern Gaul,  Roman Empire Carausius and Allectus Revolt suppressed, Britain and Gaul retaken. [84]
291–306 War of the Eight Princes China Princes of the Sima clan Sima Yue wins the war and gains influence over the Jin emperor but is killed a few years later. [85]
304–316 Uprising of the Five Barbarians North China Five Barbarians Rebel victory in northern China; Fall of the Western Jin dynasty in northern China; Formation of the Eastern Jin dynasty in southern China; Rebel victory for Cheng Han's independence; Hubei southern Nanman Aboriginal uprising defeated. [86]
293 Revolt of the Thebaid Thebaid,  Roman Empire Busiris and Qift Revolt suppressed by Galerius. [87]
351–352 Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus Syria Palaestina,  Roman Empire Jewish people The Romans crush the revolt and destroy several Jewish cities. [88]
398 Gildonic War Africa, Western Roman Empire Comes Gildo The revolt was subdued by Flavius Stilicho. [89]
484 Justa uprising Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans Uprising suppressed by Zeno, who rebuilt the church of Saint Procopius in Neapolis and banned the Samaritans from Mount Gerizim. [90]
495 Samaritan unrest Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans Uprising suppressed by the Byzantines. [90]
496 Mazdak's Revolt  Sasanian Empire Mazdakites Mazdak successfully converted Kavadh I, before the latter was overthrown by the nobility and the former was executed. [91]
529–531 Ben Sabar Revolt Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans led by Julianus ben Sabar The forces of Justinian I quelled the revolt with the help of the Ghassanids; tens of thousands of Samaritans died or were enslaved. The Christian Byzantine Empire thereafter outlawed the Samaritan faith. [90]
532 Nika revolt Constantinople,  Byzantine Empire Blue and Green demes Revolt suppressed, its participants killed and Justinian I's rule over the Byzantine empire is strengthened. [92]
541 Vietnamese uprising Vạn Xuân Vietnamese led by Lý Nam Đế The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam is brought to an end, the country declares itself independent as the Kingdom of Vạn Xuân and crowns Lý Nam Đế as the first king of the Early Lý dynasty. [93]
556 Samaritan revolt Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans and Jewish people Amantius, the governor of the East was ordered to quell the revolt. [90]
572–578 Samaritan revolt Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans and Jewish people Revolt suppressed, the Samaritan faith was outlawed and from a population of nearly a million, the Samaritan community dwindled to near extinction. [90]
608–610 Heraclian revolt Exarchate of Africa,  Byzantine Empire Heraclius the Elder Phocas executed and Heraclius the Younger is installed as Byzantine Emperor, establishing the Heraclian dynasty. [94]
611–617 Anti-Sui rebellions China Former Sui officials and peasant rebels The Sui dynasty is overthrown, followed by the rise of rebel leader Li Yuan, founder of the Tang dynasty. [95]
614–625 Jewish revolt against Heraclius Palaestina Prima,  Byzantine Empire Jewish people After Palestine was retaken by the Byzantines, Jewish people were massacred and expelled from the region. [96]
623–626 Slavic revolt Avar Khaganate Slavs led by Samo Avar rule overthrown, Slavic tribes in the area unify to form Samo's Empire. [97]
632–633 Ridda wars Arabia, Rashidun Caliphate Arab tribes Rebels forced to submit to the caliphate of Abu Bakr. [98]
656 Siege of Uthman Medina, Rashidun Caliphate Egyptians Uthman assassinated and Ali appointed Caliph [99]
656–661 First Fitna Rashidun Caliphate Umayyads Hasan ibn Ali negotiates a treaty acknowledging Muawiyah I as caliph, establishing the Umayyad Caliphate. [99]
680–692 Second Fitna Umayyad Caliphate Zubayrids, Alids and Kharijites The Umayyad Caliphate increases its own power, restructuring the army and Arabizing and Islamizing the state bureaucracy. [100]
696–698 Sufri revolt Central Iraq, Umayyad Caliphate Sufri led by Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani Defeated by the caliphate, although Sufrism continued to be practiced in Mosul. [101]
700–703 Ibn al-Ash'ath's rebellion Iraq, Umayyad Caliphate Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath Revolt suppressed by the caliphate, signalling the end of the power of the tribal nobility of Iraq, which henceforth came under the direct control of the Umayyad regime's staunchly loyal Syrian troops. [102]
720–729 Yazid's mutiny Basra, Umayyad Caliphate Yazid ibn al-Muhallab Revolt suppressed by the caliphate. [103]
713–722 Annam uprising Vietnam Vietnamese led by Mai Thúc Loan The independent kingdom was put down by a military campaign at the order of the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, continuing the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam [104]
734–746 Harith's rebellion Khurasan, Umayyad Caliphate Al-Harith ibn Surayj Harith is killed and the rebellion crushed, although the revolt weakened Arab power in Central Asia and facilitated the beginning of the Abbasid Revolution. [105]
740 Zaidi Revolt Kufa, Umayyad Caliphate Zayd ibn Ali The Umayyad governor of Iraq managed to bribe the inhabitants of Kufa which allowed him to break the insurgence, killing Zayd in the process [106]
740–743 Berber Revolt Maghreb, Umayyad Caliphate Berbers led by Maysara al-Matghari Umayyads expelled from the Maghreb and several independent Berber states are established in the area. [107]
744–747 Third Fitna Umayyad Caliphate Pro-Yaman Umayyads, Alids led by Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya, Kharijites led by Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani Victory of Marwan II and the pro-Qays faction in the inter-Umayyad civil war and anti-Umayyad revolts crushed, although Umayyad authority was now permanently weakened. [108]
747–748 Ibadi revolt South Arabia, Umayyad Caliphate Ibadis Umayyad victory in the Hijaz and the Yemen; though Ibadi autonomy is secured in Hadramawt. [109]
747–750 Abbasid Revolution Umayyad Caliphate Abbasids Abbasid Caliphate established, bringing an end to the privileged status for Arabs and discrimination against non-Arabs. [105]
754 Abdallah's rebellion Syria, Abbasid Caliphate Abdallah ibn Ali Abdallah's army is defeated by Abu Muslim. [110]
755 Córdoban revolution Almuñécar, al-Andalus, Abbasid Caliphate Ummayads led by Abd al-Rahman I Ummayads take control of al-Andalus, establishing the Emirate of Córdoba. [111]
755–763 An Lushan Rebellion Yan, China An Lushan Yan defeated by the Tang imperial forces, although the Tang dynasty was weakened. [112]
762–763 Alid Revolt Hejaz and Southern Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate Alids led by Muhammad ibn Abdallah Revolt suppressed by the caliphate, followed by a large-scaled reprisal campaign against the Alids. [113]
772–804 Saxon Wars Saxony Saxons Saxony is annexed into the Frankish empire and the Saxons are forcibly converted from Germanic paganism to Catholicism. [114]
786 Alid revolt Mecca, Hejaz, Abbasid Caliphate Alids Revolt crushed by the Abbasid army and members of the Alid house are executed. One of the Alids, Idris ibn Abdallah, fled the battlefield to the Maghreb, where he established the Idrisid dynasty. [115]
791–802 Phùng rebellion Vietnam Vietnamese led by Phùng Hưng Briefly ruled the country before the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam is reestablished. [116]
793–796 Qays–Yaman war Syria, Abbasid Caliphate Qays Revolt crushed by the Abbasids and their Yamani allies. [117]
794–795 Al-Walid's rebellion Jazira, Abbasid Caliphate Kharijites led by Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani met the rebels in battle in late 795, at al-Haditha above Hit, and defeated al-Walid in single combat, killing him and cutting off his head. Yazid also killed a large number of the Kharijites and forced the remainder to disperse, and the revolt ended in defeat. [118]
811–838 Fourth Fitna Abbasid Caliphate Alids led by Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Qays led by Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli and Khurramites led by Babak Khorramdin Al-Ma'mun takes power as Caliph, al-Sadiq is forced into exile, Qays territory is lost and Nasr surrenders to the caliphate, Babak is executed and the Tahirids begin their reign over Khorasan [119]
814 al-Ribad rebellion Guadalquivir, Emirate of Córdoba Clerics in al-Ribad Rebellion crushed at Al-Hakam I [120]
821–823 Thomas the Slav's rebellion Anatolia,  Byzantine Empire Thomas the Slav Thomas is surrendered and executed by the Byzantines [121]
824–836 Tunisian mutiny Tunisia, Ifriqiya, Abbasid Caliphate Arabs Aghlabids put down the revolt with the help of the Berbers [122]
822 Aristocratic rebellion Silla Aristocrats led by Kim Heonchang The royal faction was able to regain much of the territory that Heonchang's forces had taken. After the fall of Gongju, Gim Heon-chang took his own life.
841–842 Umayyad rebellion Palestine, Abbasid Caliphate Umayyads led by Al-Mubarqa Al-Hidari defeated al-Mubarqa's forces in a battle near Ramlah, al-Mubarqa taken prisoner and brought to the caliphal capital, Samarra, where he was thrown into prison and never heard of again. [123]
841–845 Stellinga Saxony, Carolingian Empire Saxon freemen and freedmen Revolt crushed by the Carolingians and their allies in the Saxon nobility. [124]
845–846 Jang Bogo's mutiny Silla Jang Bogo Jang Bogo assassinated by an emissary from the Silla court. [125]
859–860 Qiu's rebellion Zhejiang, China Peasants led by Qiu Fu Rebellion was suppressed by the imperial general Wang Shi. [126]
861–876 Saffarid revolution Sistan, Khorasan, Abbasid Caliphate Saffarids led by Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar al-Saffar overthrows Abbasid rule over Iran and establishes the Saffarid dynasty. [127]
864 Alid uprising Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate Alids led by Yahya ibn Umar The Alids attacked Al-Musta'in's forces, but were defeated and fled, Umar was subsequently executed. [128]
865–866 Fifth Fitna Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate Al-Mu'tazz Al-Musta'in deposed as Caliph and succeeded by Al-Mu'tazz. [129]
866–896 Kharijite Rebellion Jazira, Abbasid Caliphate Kharijites It was finally defeated after the caliph al-Mu'tadid undertook several campaigns to restore caliphal authority in the region. [130]
869–883 Zanj Rebellion Sawad, Abbasid Caliphate Zanj Revolt eventually suppressed by the Abbasids. [131]
874–884 Qi rebellion China Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao Rebellions suppressed by the Tang dynasty, which later collapsed due to the destabilization caused by the rebellion. [132]
880–928 Bobastro rebellion Emirate of Córdoba Muladi and Mozarabs led by Umar ibn Hafsun Ibn Hafsun died in 917, his coalition then crumbled, and while his sons tried to continue the resistance, they eventually fell to Abd-ar-Rahman III, who proclaimed the Caliphate of Córdoba. [133]
899–906 The Qarmatian Revolution Eastern Arabia, Abbasid Caliphate Qarmatians Qarmatians successfully establish a republic in Eastern Arabia, becoming the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf. The Qarmatians were eventually reduced to a local power by the Abbasids in 976 and annihilated by the Seljuq-backed Uyunid Emirate in 1076. [134]
917–924 Bulgarian–Serbian war Balkans Serbians led by Zaharija Serbia is annexed into the First Bulgarian Empire. [135]
928–932 Bithynian rebellion Bithynia,  Byzantine Empire Basil the Copper Hand The revolt was finally subdued by the imperial army and Basil was executed. [136]
943–947 Ibadi Berber revolt Ifriqiya, Fatimid Caliphate Ibadi Berbers led by Abu Yazid Revolt suppressed by the Fatimids, Abu Yazid captured and killed. [137]
969–970 First rebellion of Bardas Phokas the Younger Caesarea,  Byzantine Empire Phokas family Rebellion extinguished by Bardas Skleros, Phokas was captured and exiled to Chios, where he stayed for 7 years. [138]
976–979 Rebellion of Bardas Skleros Anatolia,  Byzantine Empire Bardas Skleros Bardas Phokas the Younger recalled from exile to put down Skleros' rebellion at the Battle of Pankaleia, Skleros seeks refuge in Baghdad. [139]
983 Great Slav rising Elbe, Germany,  Holy Roman Empire Polabian Slavs Halt to Ostsiedlung. [140]
987–989 Second Rebellion of Bardas Phokas the Younger Anatolia,  Byzantine Empire Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros Rebel armies surrendered after the death of Phokas. [141]
993–995 Da Shu rebellion Sichuan, China Da Shu Kingdom The Song dynasty was able to suppress the rebellion and restore their rule over the Shu region. [142]
996 Peasants' revolt in Normandy Normandy Norman peasants Suppression of the rebellion [143]

1000–1499

See also: Popular revolt in late medieval Europe
The end of the unsuccessful Peasants' Revolt in England 1381. Rebel leader Wat Tyler is killed while Richard II watches. A second image within the painting shows Richard addressing the crowd.

1500–1699

Bolotnikov's Battle with the Tsar's Army at Nizhniye Kotly Near Moscow by a Russian painter Ernst Lissner.
Episode of the Fronde at the Faubourg Saint-Antoine by the Walls of the Bastille
Scene from the Moscow Uprising: Natalya Naryshkina shows Ivan V to the Streltsy to prove that he is alive and well.

1700–1799

Main article: Atlantic Revolutions
The so-called kuruc were armed anti-Habsburg rebels in Royal Hungary between 1671 and 1711.
Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781, during the American Revolutionary War.
Depiction of the Battle of Vinegar Hill during the Irish Rebellion of 1798.
Battle at "Snake Gully" during the Haitian Revolution against French rule.

1800–1849

Main article: Latin American wars of independence
Tyrolean Rebellion against the French and Bavarian occupation
Castle Hill convict rebellion (1804): The Battle of Vinegar Hill.
Siege of Saragossa (1809): The French assault on the San Engracia monastery. (Peninsular War 1808–1814)
Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814
Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the French revolution of 1830.
Fighting in the streets of Lyon during the 1831 revolt
Cheering revolutionaries during the Revolutions of 1848

1850–1899

Battle of the Yangtze during the Taiping Rebellion.
A scene from the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Execution of mutineers by blowing from a gun by the British, 8 September 1857.
Confederate soldiers killed behind wall during the Battle of Chancellorsville of the American Civil War.
Paris Commune, 29 May 1871
The Herzegovina uprising of 1875–1877 was an uprising led by Christian population, mostly Serbs, against the Ottoman Empire
Boxer rebellion fighting Eight-Nation Alliance
The current Puerto Rican Flag was flown for the first time in Puerto Rico by Fidel Vélez and his men during the "Intentona de Yauco" revolt

1900s

Demonstrations in Istanbul during the Young Turk Revolution

1910s

Leaders of the 1910 revolt after the First Battle of Juárez. Seen are José María Pino Suárez, Venustiano Carranza, Francisco I. Madero (and his father), Pascual Orozco, Pancho Villa, Gustavo Madero, Raul Madero, Abraham González, and Giuseppe Garibaldi Jr.
Establishment of Republic of China Hubei Military Government on 11 October 1911, the day after Wuchang uprising
1917 – Execution at Verdun during the winter of 1916

1920s

Riffian Berber rebels during the Rif War in Spanish Morocco, 1922

1930s

Soldiers assembled in front of the Throne Hall, Siam, 24 June 1932
Austrian Civil War: Army soldiers take position in front of the Vienna State Opera

1940s

Patrol of Lieut. Stanisław Jankowski ("Agaton") from Battalion Pięść, 1 August 1944: "W-hour" (17:00)
The PLA enters Beijing in the Pingjin Campaign and control the later capital of PRC

1950s

External audio
audio icon Newsreel scenes in Spanish of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s here
Barricades in Algiers. "Long live Massu" (Vive Massu) is written on the banner. (January 1960)
Raúl Castro (left), with his arm around second-in-command, Ernesto "Che" Guevara, in their Sierra de Cristal Mountain stronghold in Oriente Province Cuba, 1958.

1960s

Portuguese soldiers in Angola
Barricades in Bordeaux during the May 68 revolt in France.

1970s

Khomeini returns to Iran after 14 years exile on 1 February 1979
Nicaraguan National Guard clashes with Sandinista rebels in 1979, during the Nicaraguan Revolution.

1980s

Diretas Já demonstration in São Paulo, Brazil, 1984, demanding direct presidential election and an end to the military dictatorship.
Fall of the Berlin wall in November 1989, during the Revolutions of 1989.

1990s

Russian Mil Mi-8 helicopter downed by Chechens near Grozny, December 1994

2000s

Police clash with protestors during the December 2001 riots in Argentina.

2010s

Tahrir Square protest during the Arab Spring in Egypt.
A line of riot police in the city of Kiev during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.
YPJ fighters during the Rojava Revolution.
The sentencing of nine Catalan independence leaders in a 2019 trial triggered protests in Catalonia.
2019–20 Hong Kong protests

2020s

See also

References

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