88th United States Congress
| 88th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
87th ← → 89th | |
 United States Capitol (1962) | |
January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1965 | |
| Members | 100 senators 435 representatives |
| Senate majority | Democratic Party |
| Senate President | Lyndon B. Johnson (until Nov 22, 1963) Vacant (from Nov 22, 1963) |
| House majority | Democratic Party |
| House Speaker | John W. McCormack |
| Sessions | |
| 1st: January 9, 1963 – December 30, 1963 2nd: January 7, 1964 – October 3, 1964 | |
The Eighty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1963 to January 3, 1965, during the last year of the administration of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and the first administration of his successor, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960, and the number of members was again 435 (had temporarily been 437 in order to seat one member each from recently admitted states of Alaska and Hawaii). Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- November 22, 1963: Lyndon B. Johnson became President of the United States on the death of President John Kennedy.
- March 30 – June 10, 1964: The longest filibuster in the history of the Senate was waged against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with 57 days of debate over a 73-day period. It ended when the Senate voted 71–29 to invoke cloture, with the filibuster carried out by southern members of the Democratic Party, the first successful cloture motion on a civil rights bill.[1][2][3]
- August 2–4, 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident
Major legislation
- June 10, 1963: Equal Pay Act, Pub. L. 88–38
- October 17, 1963: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, Pub. L. 88–149
- October 31, 1963: Community Mental Health Centers Act, Pub. L. 88–164, title II, including Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act
- December 17, 1963: Clean Air Act, Pub. L. 88–206
- July 2, 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Pub. L. 88–352
- July 9, 1964: Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Federal Transit Act), Pub. L. 88–365
- August 7, 1964: Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Pub. L. 88–408
- August 20, 1964: Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, Pub. L. 88–452
- August 31, 1964: Food Stamp Act of 1964, Pub. L. 88–525
- September 3, 1964: Wilderness Act, Pub. L. 88–577
- September 4, 1964: Nurse Training Act, Pub. L. 88–581
- 1964: Library Services and Construction Act
Party summary
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80.1-100% Democratic | 80.1-100% Republican |
60.1-80% Democratic | 60.1-80% Republican |
≤ 60% Democratic | ≤ 60% Republican |
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | |||
| End of previous congress | 62 | 37 | 99 | 1 |
| Begin | 64 | 34 | 98 | 2 |
| End | 65 | 35 | 100 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 65.0% | 35.0% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 68 | 32 | 100 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | |||
| End of previous congress | 262 | 172 | 434 | 3 |
| Begin | 258 | 176 | 434 | 1 |
| End | 255 | 177 | 432 | 3 |
| Final voting share | 59.0% | 41.0% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 295 | 140 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
- President of the Senate: Lyndon B. Johnson (D), succeeded to the U.S. Presidency on November 22, 1963; thereafter vacant
- President pro tempore: Carl Hayden (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
House of Representatives
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Carl Albert (D)
- Majority Whip: Hale Boggs (D)
Minority (Republican) leadership
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Senators are ordered first by state, and then by seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
Senate
Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate
|-
| Oklahoma
(2)
| Vacant
| style="font-size:80%" | Appointed to fill vacancy due to death of Sen. Robert S. Kerr in previous congress
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | J. Howard Edmondson (D)
| January 7, 1963
|-
| Wisconsin
(3)
| Vacant
| style="font-size:80%" | Delayed taking oath of office in order to finish term as Governor of Wisconsin
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Gaylord Nelson (D)
| January 8, 1963
|-
| Tennessee
(2)
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Estes Kefauver (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died August 10, 1963
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Herbert S. Walters (D)
| August 20, 1963
|-
| California
(1)
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Clair Engle (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died July 30, 1964
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Pierre Salinger (D)
| August 4, 1964
|-
| South Carolina
(2)
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Strom Thurmond (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Changed political parties
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Strom Thurmond (R)
| September 16, 1964
|-
| New Mexico
(1)
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edwin L. Mechem (R)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 3, 1964
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Joseph Montoya (D)
| November 4, 1964
|-
| Oklahoma
(2)
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | J. Howard Edmondson (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 3, 1964
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Fred R. Harris (D)
| November 4, 1964
|-
| Tennessee
(2)
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Herbert S. Walters (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 3, 1964
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Ross Bass (D)
| November 4, 1964
|-
| Minnesota
(2)
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Hubert Humphrey (DFL)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 29, 1964 after being elected Vice President of the United States
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Walter Mondale (DFL)
| December 30, 1964
|-
| California
(1)
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Pierre Salinger (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected. Resigned December 31, 1964
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | George Murphy (R)
| January 1, 1965
|}
House of Representatives
Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep |- | California 1st | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep. Clement W. Miller died during previous congress | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Donald H. Clausen (R) | January 22, 1963 |- | California 23rd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Clyde Doyle (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 14, 1963 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Del M. Clawson (R) | June 11, 1963 |- | Pennsylvania 15th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Francis E. Walter (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 31, 1963 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Fred B. Rooney (D) | July 30, 1963 |- | North Dakota 1st | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap| Hjalmar C. Nygaard (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 18, 1963 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Mark Andrews (R) | October 22, 1963 |- | Pennsylvania 23rd | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap| Leon H. Gavin (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 15, 1963 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Albert W. Johnson (R) | November 3, 1963 |- | Texas 10th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Homer Thornberry (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 20, 1963 after being appointed as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | J. J. Pickle (D) | December 21, 1963 |- | Pennsylvania 5th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| William J. Green, Jr. (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 21, 1963 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | William J. Green, III (D) | April 28, 1964 |- | California 5th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| John Shelley (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 7, 1964 after being elected Mayor of San Francisco | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Phillip Burton (D) | February 18, 1964 |- | Tennessee 2nd | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap| Howard Baker, Sr. (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 7, 1964 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Irene Baker (R) | March 10, 1964 |- | Illinois 6th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Thomas J. O'Brien (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 14, 1964 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | South Carolina 5th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Robert W. Hemphill (D) |style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1964 after being appointed judge of the US District Court for the Eastern and Western Districts of SC | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Thomas S. Gettys (D) | November 3, 1964 |- | Missouri 9th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Clarence Cannon (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 12, 1964 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | William L. Hungate (D) | November 3, 1964 |- | Michigan 12th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap| John B. Bennett (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died August 9, 1964 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Oregon 1st | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap| A. Walter Norblad (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 20, 1964 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Wendell Wyatt (R) | November 3, 1964 |- | New Mexico At-large | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Joseph Montoya (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 3, 1964 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Tennessee 6th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Ross Bass (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 3, 1964 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Illinois 9th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap| Edward R. Finnegan (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 6, 1964 after being appointed judge for the Circuit Court of Cook County | Vacant | Not filled this term |}
Employees
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (June 2012) |
Senate
| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (August 2011) |
House of Representatives
- Clerk: Ralph R. Roberts
- Doorkeeper: William Mosley "Fishbait" Miller
- Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
- Postmaster: H. H. Morris
- Sergeant at Arms: Zeake W. Johnson, Jr.
- Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp - Presbyterian
References
- ^ Loevy, Robert D. (1997). The Civil Rights Act of 1964: the passage of the law that ended racial segregation. SUNY Press. pp. 358, 360.
- ^ "Civil Rights Filibuster Ended". U.S. Senate. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964". CongressLink. The Dirksen Congressional Center.