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Revision as of 15:40, 3 June 2013
A metro system is a rapid transit train system. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as subways or undergrounds. As of May 2013, there are 188 metro systems in the world. The first metro system, the London Underground, was opened in 1863. The Seoul Metropolitan Subway is the longest system in passenger route length. The New York City Subway has the most stations and the longest amount of total track, with a total of 842 miles (1,355 km), including non-revenue trackage.[1] The Dubai Metro is the world's longest driverless metro system, spanning 75 km over two lines.[2]
Considerations
A metro system is defined as an urban, electric passenger transport system with high capacity and high frequency of service, which is totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrians.[3][4] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail often have similar definitions.[5][6]
The dividing line between metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail and commuter rail, is not always clear. A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequency, typically not more than 10 minutes between trains during normal daytime service. Furthermore, most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead lines.
The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data. Certain transit networks match the technical level and service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are commonly known or better described as suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included. Neither are monorail and funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.
Legend
- Country
- Country of the metro system.
- Location
- Primary city served by the metro system.
- Name
- The most common English name of the system.
- Opened
- The year the system was opened for commercial service with metro standard. Parts of the system may be older, as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network.
- Stations
- The number of stations in the network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
- Length
- The route length of the network in kilometres and miles.
List
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2010) |
This list is sortable. Click on the 
icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.
Metro systems under construction
The following is an incomplete list of metro systems currently undergoing construction.
See also
- Total rapid transit systems statistics by country
- Metro systems by annual passenger rides
- List of North American rapid transit systems by ridership
- List of United States rapid transit systems by ridership
- List of suburban and commuter rail systems
- List of light-rail transit systems
- List of airport people mover systems
- List of bus rapid transit systems
- List of town tramway systems
- List of trolleybus systems
- List of articulated bus systems
- List of monorail systems
- List of funicular railways
- List of rail transit systems in the United States
- List of United States light rail systems by ridership
- List of driverless trains
- Rapid transit in India
Notes
- ^ There are 77 stations according to official source. But there are 68 stations when counting transfer stations as one.
- ^ U2 was extended in 2010
- ^ Latest restoration of old line in 2011
- ^ The Moskovskaya Line expanded in 2012
- ^ Line 2's loop was completed in 2009
- ^ See Orange Line (Montreal Metro)
- ^ See Sheppard line
- ^ See Canada Line
- ^ Accepting visitors since 1969. Operational since 1971.
- ^ Statistics for line 1 and 6 only; lines 2 and 3 are monorail and are not included. With Lines 2 and 3, the total stations are 92, and total length is 142.5 km.
- ^ 1st line of Foshan Metro serves two cities - Foshan and Guangzhou
- ^ The number excludes the stations and lengths on the Guangfo Metro/Guangfo Line, which is part of the FMetro in Foshan.
- ^ East Rail Line overlapped with a conventional railway operational since 1910.
- ^ This figure excludes Maglev line and Line 22, both often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
- ^ Line C last extended in 2008
- ^ Line 3's first section opened 2012
- ^
The blue line also has a 21.2 km section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.
"Operation". Attiko Metro S.A. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
Schwandl, Robert. "Athens Metro". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-12-28. - ^ The green line, operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railway, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. It shall be integrated with Athens Metro under the new company STASY S.A.
"Information on Line 1 - Technical Data". ISAP. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
- ^ Line 2 expanded in 2013 to Anthoupoli
- ^ Currently, line 1, 2 and 6 are rapid transit. Additional suburban lines will be upgraded to rapid transit standard.
Schwandl, Robert. "Napoli". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-23. - ^ Overlapped with some conventional railways operational since 1925.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n In general, the majority of urban rail service in Japanese metropolitan areas is provided by systems not included in this list. For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
- ^ Yŏnggwang and Puhŭng opened in 1987
- ^ Line 4 and Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit opened in 2011
- ^ Daegu Subway Line 2 extension opened in 2012
- ^ Second phase of line 1
- ^ Line 1 fully opened
- ^ Line 1 extension in 2009
- ^ Only includes rapid transit serviced lines in Seoul and their extensions. Lines that have service frequency typically lower than 10 minutes during daytime are excluded. Only the following sections are included:
- Seoul Subway Line 1: Seoul Station~Cheongnyangni Station, (7.8km/10 stations)
- Seoul Subway Lines 2~9
- AREX
- Bundang Line
- Sin Bundang Line
- ^ Parts of Line 1 and Line K1, K3 overlap with conventional railways that were built before 1974.
- ^ Transfer stations are not counted as one.
- ^ See Seoul Subway Line 7.
- ^ There are 147 stations on the network map, counting transfer stations as one. The sum of number of stations for all lines is 175.
- ^ Line 12 opened 2012
- ^ Line 50, 53, and 54 are rapid transit. Numbers exclude light rail line 51.
- ^ Ring line completed in 2006
- ^ First line completed in 2011
- ^ The Red Line was expanded in 2012
- ^ Line M4 completed in 2011
- ^ The Circle MRT Line was expanded in 2012
- ^ Including MetroSur and other suburban lines.
- ^ Not entirely a metro.
- ^ Skarpnäck metro station opened in 1994
- ^ The Lausanne Metro has two lines. Line 1 is light rail, line 2 is rapid transit. Stats are for line 2 only.
- ^ The Red line completed in 2012
- ^ The Red, Orange, and Blue lines of the subway are rapid transit. The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that opened in 1897 as an underground tram tunnel.
- ^ Dated from the opening of "The Loop", when the system became unified and electrified.
- ^ Red and Purple lines.
- ^ First regular elevated railway service began in 1868. The first section of subway opened in 1904. The total number of stations is 472, but with transfer stations counted only once, the number is 423 (including temporarily closed station Cortlandt Street).
- ^ On April 4, 2013, the 1 service was extended south to the South Ferry loops to replace service to South Ferry – Whitehall Street, which was damaged in Hurricane Sandy. This is not a permanent extension, nor is this new construction.
- ^ While the line opened as a railroad in 1860, it was not until 1925 that rapid transit equipment would be operated here.
- ^ Broad Street Line and Market–Frankford Line
- ^ The Yunusobod Line was opened in 2001
References
- ^ New York State Comptroller. "A Guide for Evaluating the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Proposed Capital Program for 2000 Through 2004". www.osc.state.ny.us. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
- ^ "Dubai Metro creates new world record". Gulf News. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- ^ "Metro". International Association of Public Transport. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert (2007). "What is a metro?". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- ^ "Glossary of Transit Terminology". American Public Transportation Association. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
- ^ "The demand for public transport: a practical guide" (PDF). Transport Research Laboratory. p. 6. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ^ "Alger metro inaugurated". Railway Gazette. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
- ^ Line 1, Schwandl, Robert. "Algiers - Al Jaza'ir". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ "Metrovías en Números". Metrovias. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Line H last expansion in 2011
- ^ Charbakh, Schwandl, Robert. "Yerevan". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Wien". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ Estrutura atual - Metrô Brasília
- ^ [1] - Metrô Fortaleza
- ^ Metrô Rio
- ^ Metrô SP - Secretaria de Transportes Metropolitanos
- ^ "The Montreal métro: a source of pride" (PDF). 2002. pp. 10, 11. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
- ^ "TTC - Subway/RT". Retrieved 31 January 2010.
- ^ "Plan your journey" (in Spanish). Santiago Metro. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Track length and stations
- ^ "Santiago Metro: History". Santiago Metro. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Opening year
- ^ "北京4条新地铁线今日开通 无仪式及领导讲话". 新京报. 2012-12-30. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
- ^ (Chinese) 北京地铁4条新线每日至少跑17小时 2013-01-09
- ^ (Chinese) "北京地铁10号线一圈57公里 创地下铁之最" 北京日报 2013-05-06
- ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Chengdu". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Chongqing". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Dalian". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Dalian". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ^ "Guangzhou Metro". ExploreGuangzhou's "Metropedia". Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Guangzhou". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ^ "Hangzhou Metro". Hangzhou Metro. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ Line 1, Schwandl, Robert. "Hangzhou". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Train Services". MTR Corporation. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
- ^ Line 6, Schwandl, Robert. "Kunming". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Nanjing Metro". Urbanrail. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
- ^ Nanjing South Railway Station, Schwandl, Robert. "Nanjing". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "2012年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). Shanghai Statistics Bureau. 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
- ^ 王晓婷 (2011-12-30). "沈阳地铁二号线今日开通 市民可持试乘票免费乘车". 沈阳晚报. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
- ^ photo of ongoing construction in Shekou
- ^ Line 1, Schwandl, Robert. "Suzhou". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ "天津地铁9号线延至天津站 末车时间延长至22:00". Retrieved October 14, 2012.
- ^ "今日10时武汉地铁2号线开通 武汉迈入地铁时代(图)". Retrieved December 28, 2012.
- ^ Line 2, Schwandl, Robert. "Xi'an". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ Rohde, Mike. "Cairo". Metro Bits. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ "The RATP Dev Brochure" (PDF). RATP. 11 June 2010. p. 3. Retrieved 7 November 2010. network length and number of stations
- ^ "Le Metropolitain, RER and Bus - A bit of history". Paris.org. Retrieved 25 January 2010. opening year
- ^ Vazha Pshavela, Schwandl, Robert. "Tbilisi". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "The Berlin metro (U-Bahn)". Means of Transport & Routes. BVG. Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
- ^ "Indian PM launches Delhi metro". BBC News. 2002-12-24. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
- ^ "Tehran Metro". Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ^ http://www.bresciamobilita.it/category/percorso-utenti/metrobs/
- ^ "L'opera che ha fatto di Milano una grande metropoli". Metropolitane Milanesi SpA. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
- ^ "Inaugurata la nuova linea metro B1". Comune di Roma Capitale. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
- ^ "Datos de operacion [[:Template:Es icon]]". Metro de la Ciudad de Mexico. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
{{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help) Template:Es icon - ^ "World Metro List - Amsterdam". metro bits. 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "General Data: Network Expansion". Metropolitano de Lisboa. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Station count and track length
- ^ "A brief history". Metropolitano de Lisboa. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Opening year
- ^ "Metrorex - Network Features". Metrorex. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
- ^ "Kazan Subway". Retrieved 2008-06-12. [dead link]
- ^ Kozya Sloboda, Schwandl, Robert. "Kazan'". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Московский метрополитен". Moskovsky Metropoliten (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ^ "Метрополитен в цифрах". Metropoliten v Tsifrakh (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ^ Pyatnitskoye Shosse, Schwandl, Robert. "Moscow". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ^ Gorkovskaya, Schwandl, Robert. "Nizhniy Novgorod". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ^ Extension of Leninskaya Line, Schwandl, Robert. "Novosibirsk". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Bukharestskaya and Mezhdunarodnaya, Schwandl, Robert. "St. Petersburg". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Rossiyskaya, Schwandl, Robert. "Samara". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Chkalovskaya, Schwandl, Robert. "Yekaterinburg". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Singapore MRT". Explore Singapore's "MRTpedia". Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ "Barcelona Metro". Mapametrobarcelona.net. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ^ "Metro de Madrid in figures". Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- ^ "SL Annual Report 2007" (PDF). Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. 2008-06-27. p. 29. Retrieved 2008-09-10. [dead link]
- ^ "Metro m2" (PDF). Transports publics de la région lausannoise. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
- ^ "Network and Systems of Taipei Metro". Retrieved 2 October 2012.
- ^ "Operating System". Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- ^ "About metro". Dubai Metro. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
- ^ "Key facts". London Underground. Transport for London. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
- ^ Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan.
- ^ "Docklands Light Railway: History". Transport for London. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Boston T". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ^ "About the T - Financials - Appendix: Statistical Profile" (PDF). MBTA. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ^ "RAPID TRANSIT IN CHICAGO - Remarkable Facilities Furnished by the Opening Last Week of the "Loop."". New York Times. October 24, 1897.
- ^ "Facts at a Glance". Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
- ^ "New York City Transit - History and Chronology". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 7 November 2010. opening year
- ^ "New York City Transit - Subway and Bus Ridership Statistics 2009". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 7 November 2010. number of stations
- ^ "New York City Subway & PATH". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 November 2010. network route length
- ^ "New York City: PATH". UrbanRail. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
- ^ "BART System Facts". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ Metro Los Teques, Schwandl, Robert. "Caracas". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
General references
- Rohde, Mike. "World Metro Database". Metrobits.
- Schwandl, Robert. "UrbanRail.Net".
- Taplin, Michael. "A world of trams and urban transit". Light Rail Transit Association.
Further reading
- Vuchic, Vukan R. (2007). Urban Transit Systems and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-75823-5.
- Ovenden, Mark (2005). Metro Maps Of The World. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-288-7.
- Hinkel, W.; Treiber, K.; Valenta, G.; Liebsch, H. (2004). Underground Railways Yesterday - Today - Tomorrow. Schmid Verlag. ISBN 3-900607-44-3.
- Fischler, Stan (2000). Subways Of The World. MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0752-0.
- Garbutt, Paul (1997). World Metro Systems. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-191-0.