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Pecos County, Texas

Coordinates: 30°47′N 102°43′W / 30.78°N 102.72°W / 30.78; -102.72
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Not to be confused with Pecos, Texas.
Pecos County
County
Pecos County Courthouse in Fort Stockton
Pecos County Courthouse in Fort Stockton
Map of Texas highlighting Pecos County
Location within the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 30°47′N 102°43′W / 30.78°N 102.72°W / 30.78; -102.72
Country United States
State Texas
Founded1875
SeatFort Stockton
Largest cityFort Stockton
Area
 • Total
4,765 sq mi (12,340 km2)
 • Land4,764 sq mi (12,340 km2)
 • Water1.0 sq mi (3 km2)  0.02%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
15,507
 • Density3.3/sq mi (1.3/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district23rd
Websitewww.co.pecos.tx.us

Pecos County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 15,507.[1] The county seat is Fort Stockton.[2] The county was created in 1871 and organized in 1875.[3][4] It is named for the Pecos River. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.

History

Native Americans

Archeological digs at Squawteat Peak uncovered prehistoric hunter-gatherer artifacts. 14 clusters of stones interpreted as wickiup and tipi rings indicate human habitation. A ring midden in the camp provided a radiocarbon date of 1300 A.D. Archeological finds along Tunas Creek include a burial site, pictographs, and artifacts; a possible modified Langtry projectile point (2,000 B.C. to A.D. 700–800).[4][5]

Early routes

The Comanche Trail crossed Pecos County near Horsehead Crossing and through Comanche Springs.[6] The Chihuahua Trail connecting Mexico’s state of Chihuahua with Santa Fe, New Mexico brought travelers through the area by Comanche Springs about 1840.[7][8]

United States Army outpost, Fort Stockton, was established in 1858 at Comanche Springs to guard the San Antonio-El Paso Mail. That same year the Butterfield Overland Mail began service to the army post.[9]

County established and growth

The town of Fort Stockton began near the Fort Stockton army post at Comanche Springs as St. Gall, but was renamed in 1880.[9][10] Pecos County was established by the Texas legislature in 1871 originally out of Presidio County. The county was organized in 1875. St. Gall (Fort Stockton), became the county seat. There were 1,100 people living in the county that year.[4] By 1890 the county had 227 cattle and 150 sheep that year, and 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) were planted in corn. By 1900 the area's economy had become almost completely dominated by cattle and sheep ranching, though plots of wheat, rye, corn, and oats were grown.[4] Around 1900, a small settlement known as Sheffield sprang up in eastern Pecos County on land owned by Will Sheffield and served as a supply point for the surrounding ranches. Construction of the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway Company of Texas across Pecos County in 1913 caused a boom in land speculation and community growth, as did irrigation projects along the Pecos River.[11] The town of Girvin, named for rancher John H. Girvin, grew around a train stop on the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway that served as a cattle shipping point. Construction of Texas State Highway 290 linking Fort Stockton to Big Bend National Park gave a boost to the tourism dollar. In the 1980s the economy of Pecos County continued to be based on farming, ranching, oil and gas production, and tourism. The Yates Oil Field in Crockett and Pecos counties in 1927 resulted in a financial boom period for the county. Towns such a Red Barn, Iraan (combination of the names Ira and Ann Yates) and Bakersfield rose up in response to oil-related employment opportunities. The population of the county more than doubled during the 1920s. Oil production helped to stabilize the local economy.[12][13]

Alley Oop and Paisano Pete

Iraan prides itself on being the birthplace of cartoon caveman Alley Oop, when creator Victor T. Hamlin worked in the oilfields. Although first published in the Des Moines Register in 1932, Hamlin himself allegedly claimed to have originated the idea while he watched dinosaur bones being dug up by oil equipment. Visitors to Iraan can visit the Alley Oop Museum found on Alley Oop Lane.[14] Fort Stockton pays tribute to the agile roadrunner with their Paisano Pete the Roadrunner statue.[15]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,765 square miles (12,340 km2), of which 4,764 square miles (12,340 km2) is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2) (0.02%) is water.[16] It is the second-largest county by area in Texas by area.

Yates Oil Field

Pecos County is home to one of the largest oil fields in the United States, the Yates Oil Field, which is in the extreme eastern part of the county, along the Pecos River. The field covers approximately 41 square miles (110 km2) near the town of Iraan. Discovered in 1926, it has produced over a billion barrels of oil, and most industry estimates give it more than another billion in recoverable reserves. The Yates was one of the first giant fields to be found in the Permian Basin.[17][18]

Major Highways

See also: List of highways in Pecos County, Texas

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18801,807—
18901,326−26.6%
19002,36078.0%
19102,071−12.2%
19203,85786.2%
19307,812102.5%
19408,1854.8%
19509,93921.4%
196011,95720.3%
197013,74815.0%
198014,6186.3%
199014,6750.4%
200016,80914.5%
201015,507−7.7%
2014 (est.)15,893[19]2.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
1850–2010[21] 2010–2014[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 15,507 people residing in the county. 79.4% were White, 3.7% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 13.5% of some other race and 2.1% of two or more races. 67.3% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

As of the census[22] of 2000, there were 16,809 people, 5,153 households, and 4,029 families residing in the county. The population density was 4 people per square mile (1/km²). There were 6,338 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 75.85% White, 4.39% Black or African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 16.13% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. 61.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,153 households out of which 41.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.10% were married couples living together, 11.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.80% were non-families. 19.60% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the county, the population was spread out with 27.70% under the age of 18, 13.80% from 18 to 24, 27.20% from 25 to 44, 20.50% from 45 to 64, and 10.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 123.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 132.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,033, and the median income for a family was $31,122. Males had a median income of $25,888 versus $18,113 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,212. About 18.10% of families and 20.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.20% of those under age 18 and 16.30% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Public education in Pecos County is provided by three Independent School Districts (ISDs): Buena Vista, Fort Stockton, and Iraan-Sheffield.

Williams Regional Technical Training Center

Pecos County is home to the Midland College Williams Regional Technical Training Center (WRTTC), located alongside Interstate Highway 10, in Fort Stockton. The center was built in 1996 - through a joint effort by Midland College, and by leaders of Fort Stockton education, business and government - as a means to enhance higher education and workforce development in this part of West Texas. Fort Stockton and Pecos County are part of the Midland College service area. After just four years, the facility - named in honor of Fort Stockton native and WRTTC donor Clayton Williams, Jr. - was doubled in size through fundraising and program development.

Agriculture

The Fort Stockton Division of La Escalera Ranch consists of over 220,000-acre (890 km2) , and is owned and managed by La Escalera Limited Partnership. Located 20 miles (30 km) south of Fort Stockton, the ranch encompasses a large portion of Pecos County and part of northern Brewster County. The Seymour Division of La Escalera Ranch consists of an additional 34,000 acres located in Archer and Baylor counties. For more than 100 years, Elsinore Land & Cattle Company owned and operated the ranch (then known as the Elsinore Ranch or LS Ranch). In 1992, Gerald Lyda of San Antonio, Texas acquired the ranch and renamed the property La Escalera Ranch (Spanish for "The Ladder"). The family's subsequent purchase of other surrounding properties expanded the original borders of the ranch. La Escalera Ranch is known for its reputation herd of Angus cattle and abundant wildlife, such as West Texas mule deer, Auodad sheep and Rio Grande wild turkey. Located on the ranch is the internationally famous Sierra Madera crater, which was created when a huge meteorite struck the earth.

Communities

Cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated areas

Notable residents

Oilman and rancher Clayton W. Williams, Sr., served for sixteen years as a Pecos county commissioner. His father, attorney Oscar Waldo Williams, earlier served a decade as Pecos county judge. Clayton Wheat Williams, Jr., the 1990 Republican gubernatorial nominee, was reared in Fort Stockton but resides in Midland.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ^ "Texas: Individual County Chronologies". Texas Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d Pecos County, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online. By Glenn Justice and John Leffler. Retrieved on 14 December 2010.
  5. ^ "Squawteat Peak". Texas Beyond History. UT-Austin. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  6. ^ "Comanche Trail". National Park Service. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  7. ^ Perry, Ann; Smith, Deborah; Simons, Helen; Hoyt, Catherine A (1996). A Guide to Hispanic Texas. University of Texas Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-292-77709-5.
  8. ^ Sharp, Jay W. "Desert Trails: The Chihuahua Trail". Desert USA. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  9. ^ a b Hudnall, Sharon and Ken (2005). "Fort Stockton, Texas". Spirits of the Border III. Omega Press. pp. 178–187. ISBN 978-0-9754923-2-1.
  10. ^ "Fort Stockton Tx". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  11. ^ "Fort Stockton Railroad Depots". Texas Escapes. Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  12. ^ "Iraan, Texas". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  13. ^ Harris, Jim; Texas Folklore Society (1991). Features and Fillers: Texas Journalists on Texas Folklore. University of North Texas Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-1-57441-074-7.
  14. ^ Eckhardt, C F. "Victor T. Hamlin & Alley Oop". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  15. ^ Butko, Brian and Sarah (2005). Roadside Giants. Stackpole Books. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-8117-3228-4.
  16. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  17. ^ Hyne, Norman J. Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling, and Production, 2nd edition. PennWell Books, 2001. ISBN 0-87814-823-X, ISBN 0-87814-823-X p. 105.
  18. ^ Description at University of Texas Oil Connections.
  19. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  20. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  21. ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  22. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.

30°47′N 102°43′W / 30.78°N 102.72°W / 30.78; -102.72

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