Jump to content

Anthony Fauci

Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by MarginalCost (talk | contribs) at 05:47, 28 January 2023 (→Personal life: photo with wife). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

"Fauci" redirects here. For the 2021 documentary film, see Fauci (film). For other people sharing this surname, see Fauci (surname).

Anthony Fauci
OMRI
Fauci in 2020
2nd Chief Medical Advisor to the President
In office
January 20, 2021 – December 31, 2022[1]
PresidentJoe Biden
Preceded byRonny Jackson (2019)
5th Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
In office
November 2, 1984 – December 31, 2022
DeputyJames Hill
John La Montagne
Hugh Auchincloss
Preceded byRichard M. Krause
Succeeded byHugh Auchincloss (acting)
Personal details
Born
Anthony Stephen Fauci

(1940-12-24) December 24, 1940 (age 83)
New York, New York, U.S.
Spouse
​
(m. 1985)​
Children3
Education
Awards
Websiteniaid.nih.gov/director
Scientific career
FieldsImmunology
InstitutionsNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Uniformed service
Allegiance United States
Service / branch U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
Years of service1969–1996[2]
Rank Rear Admiral[3]
Anthony Fauci's voice
On the Omicron variant
Recorded November 2021

Anthony Stephen Fauci OMRI (/ˈfaʊtʃi/ FOW-chee; born December 24, 1940) is an American physician-scientist and immunologist who served as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) from 1984 to 2022, and the chief medical advisor to the president from 2021 to 2022.[4]

As a physician with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fauci has served the American public health sector in various capacities for more than fifty years and has acted as an advisor to every U.S. president since Ronald Reagan.[5] He has been director of the NIAID since 1984 and has made contributions to HIV/AIDS research and other immunodeficiency diseases, both as a research scientist and as the head of the NIAID.[6] From 1983 to 2002, Fauci was one of the world's most frequently cited scientists across all scientific journals.[6][7] In 2008, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, for his work on the AIDS relief program PEPFAR.[8]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, he served under President Donald Trump as one of the lead members of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Fauci's advice was frequently contradicted by Trump, and Trump's supporters alleged that Fauci was trying to politically undermine Trump's run for reelection. After Joe Biden took office, Fauci began serving as one of the lead members of the White House COVID-19 Response Team and as Biden's chief medical advisor.[9][10]

On August 22, 2022, Fauci announced that he would step down from government service in December.[11] Fauci stepped down on December 31.[12]

Early life and education

Anthony Fauci was born on December 24, 1940, in Brooklyn, New York City, to Eugenia Lillian (née Abys; 1909–1965) and Stephen A. Fauci (1910–2008) and is the youngest of two children born to both parents. His father was a Columbia University-educated pharmacist who owned his pharmacy. Fauci's mother and sister worked the pharmacy's register, and Fauci delivered prescriptions and also worked the register. Fauci's mother also worked at a dry cleaner. The pharmacy was located in the Dyker Heights section of Brooklyn, directly beneath the family apartment, previously in the Bensonhurst neighborhood.[13][14][15] When he was a child, Fauci developed a fascination with World War II,[14] and played basketball and baseball during his spare time.[15]

Fauci's grandparents immigrated to the United States from Italy in the late 19th century. His paternal grandparents, Antonino Fauci and Calogera Guardino, were from Sciacca, and his maternal grandparents were from Naples. His maternal grandmother Raffaella Trematerra was a seamstress, and his maternal grandfather Giovanni Abys was a Swiss-born artist noted for his landscape and portrait painting, magazine illustrations in Italy, as well as graphic design for commercial labels, including olive oil cans. Fauci grew up Catholic,[13][16] but now considers himself a humanist, stating that he thinks "that there are a lot of things about organized religion that are unfortunate, and [that he tends] to like to stay away from it."[17] In 2021, he was named Humanist of the Year by the American Humanist Association.[18]

Fauci attended Regis High School, a private Jesuit school in Manhattan's Upper East Side, where he captained the school's basketball team despite standing only 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) tall.[6][19][20] Jesuit's philosophy of "to be men for others" would have a lasting impact on Fauci.[15] He decided halfway through high school to become a physician.[14] After graduating in 1958, Fauci attended the College of the Holy Cross, graduating in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in classics with a pre-med track. Fauci then attended Cornell University's Medical College (now Weill Cornell Medicine), graduating with a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1966 ranked first in his class.[13] At Cornell, he focused on adult internal medicine, mainly infectious diseases and the immune system.[14] Fauci then did an internship and residency in internal medicine at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center (now Weill Cornell Medical Center).[6]

Career

Fauci discusses his work in 2020 (four minutes)

After completing his medical residency in 1968, Fauci joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a clinical associate in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases's (NIAID) Laboratory of Clinical Investigation (LCI).[21] He became head of the LCI's Clinical Physiology Section in 1974, and in 1980 was appointed chief of the NIAID's Laboratory of Immunoregulation. He became director of the NIAID in 1984, a position he still holds.[22] Fauci has been offered the position of director of the NIH several times, but has declined each time.[23]

Fauci has been at the forefront of U.S. efforts to contend with viral diseases like HIV/AIDS, SARS, the Swine flu, MERS, Ebola, and COVID-19. He played a significant role in the early 2000s in creating the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)[24] and in driving development of biodefense drugs and vaccines following the 9/11 terrorist attacks.[25]

Fauci has been a visiting professor at many medical centers and has received numerous honorary doctorates from universities in the U.S. and abroad.[26]

Medical achievements

President Bill Clinton visits the NIH in 1995 and hears about the latest advances in HIV/AIDS research from Fauci.

Fauci has made important scientific observations that contributed to the understanding of the regulation of the human immune response and is recognized for delineating the mechanisms whereby immunosuppressive agents adapt to that response. He developed therapies for formerly fatal diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. In a 1985 Stanford University Arthritis Center Survey, members of the American Rheumatism Association ranked Fauci's work on the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and granulomatosis with polyangiitis as one of the most important advances in patient management in rheumatology over the previous 20 years.[26][27][28]

Fauci discovered how to re-dose cancer drugs in a way that turned a 98 percent mortality rate of the disorder vasculitis into a 93 percent remission rate.[14]

President Barack Obama greets Fauci in June 2014.

Fauci has contributed to the understanding of how HIV destroys the body's natural defense system, progressing to AIDS. He has outlined the mechanisms of induction of HIV expression by endogenous cytokines.[28] Fauci has worked to develop strategies for the therapy and immune reconstitution of patients with the disease, as well as for a vaccine to prevent HIV infection. His current research is concentrated on identifying the nature of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of HIV infection and the scope of the body's immune responses to HIV.

In 2003, the Institute for Scientific Information stated that from 1983 to 2002, "Fauci was the 13th most-cited scientist among the 2.5 to 3.0 million authors in all disciplines throughout the world who published articles in scientific journals."[6] As a government scientist under seven presidents, Fauci has been described as "a consistent spokesperson for science, a person who more than any other figure has brokered a generational peace" between the two worlds of science and politics.[19]

HIV/AIDS epidemic

Fauci in 1984

In a 2020 interview with The Guardian, Fauci remarked, "My career and my identity has really been defined by HIV."[29] He was one of the leading researchers during the AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s.[30] In 1981, he and his team of researchers began looking for a vaccine or treatment for this novel virus, though they would meet a number of obstacles.[31] In October 1988, protesters came to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Fauci, who had become the institute's director in 1984, bore the brunt of the anger from the LGBTQ+ community who were largely ignored by the government.[32][33]

Leading AIDS activist Larry Kramer attacked Fauci relentlessly in the media.[34] He called him an "incompetent idiot" and a "pill-pushing" tool of the medical establishment. Fauci did not have control over drug approval though many people felt he was not doing enough. Fauci did make an effort in the late 1980s to reach out to the LGBTQ+ community in New York and San Francisco to find ways he and the NIAID could find a solution.[32] Fauci was also praised for engaging with AIDS advocates, and he helped to make experimental AIDS treatments more accessible.[15] Though Fauci was initially admonished for his treatment of the AIDS epidemic, his work in the community was eventually acknowledged. Kramer, who had spent years hating Fauci for his treatment of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, eventually called him "the only true and great hero" among government officials during the AIDS crisis.[35][32]

Fauci was criticized over what some said was a delayed response from the U.S. government to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, including delays in the promotion of experimental HIV/AIDS drugs.[15] In 2014, Sean Strub of HuffPost criticized Fauci for "delaying promotion of an AIDS treatment that would have prevented tens of thousands of deaths in the first years of the epidemic" and accused him of "rewriting history."[36]

Political commentator Helen Andrews defended Fauci's actions during the epidemic in a 2021 article, writing:

The idea that Fauci was "wrong" about A.I.D.S., which some of his contemporary opponents repeat, is unfair. His most notorious error was a 1983 paper suggesting "routine close contact, as within a family household," might spread the disease, but it was an understandable mistake given what was known at the time and he corrected it within a year, lightning speed by the standards of academic publishing. He behaved more responsibly than some of his peers when it came to speculating about a heterosexual A.I.D.S. epidemic around the corner. He was not one of the hysteria-mongers—though he did benefit from the hysteria when negotiating budgets with Congress.[37]

Fauci was the main architect of President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), an HIV/AIDS program responsible for saving over 20 million lives in the developing world.[15][38]

2009 swine flu pandemic

In a meeting with reporters on September 17, 2009, Fauci predicted that the H1N1 virus causing the 2009 swine flu pandemic could infect as many as one in three Americans, more than the amount of Americans usually infected by the seasonal flu.[39]

Ebola congressional hearing

See also: Ebola virus cases in the United States

On October 16, 2014, in a United States congressional hearing regarding the Ebola virus crisis, Fauci, who, as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) had been discussing the importance of screening for weeks,[40] testified that NIAID was still some distance away from producing sufficient quantities of cures or vaccines for widespread trials.[41] Specifically, Fauci said, "While NIAID is an active participant in the global effort to address the public health emergency occurring in west Africa, it is important to recognize that we are still in the early stages of understanding how infection with the Ebola virus can be treated and prevented."[41]

Fauci also remarked in the hearing: "As we continue to expedite research while enforcing high safety and efficacy standards, the implementation of the public health measures already known to contain prior Ebola virus outbreaks and the implementation of treatment strategies such as fluid and electrolyte replacement is essential to preventing additional infections, treating those already infected, protecting healthcare providers, and ultimately bringing this epidemic to an end."[41]

COVID-19 pandemic

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

According to The Washington Post, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Fauci was "mostly unknown outside the medical community".[14]

Trump administration

Fauci speaks to the White House press corps on COVID-19 in April 2020, watched by President Donald Trump (left) and Vice President Mike Pence (right).

Fauci had not met with Trump until three years after he was inaugurated as president.[14]

Fauci was a member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force established in late January 2020, under President Donald Trump, to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.[42][43] He became a de facto public health spokesperson for the office of the president during the pandemic,[44][45] and a strong advocate for ongoing social distancing efforts in the United States.[46]

In interviews on January 21, January 26, and February 17, Fauci commented on COVID-19. He said that at the time of the interviews ("right now"), COVID-19 was not a "major threat" to the American public, with the risk to the American public being "low", but that it was "an evolving situation", and that "public health officials need to take [COVID-19] very seriously".[47][48] In the latter interview, Fauci said that COVID-19 could become a "global pandemic which would then have significant implications for" the United States.[48]

In March 2020, he predicted that the infection fatality rate would likely be close to 1%, which was ten times more severe than the 0.1% reported rate for seasonal flu.[49]

In a March 8, 2020, interview, Fauci stated that "right now in the United States, people [who are not infected] should not be walking around with masks", but "if you want to do it, that's fine".[50][51] In the same interview, Fauci said that buying masks "could lead to a shortage of masks for the people who really need" them: "When you think masks, you should think of healthcare providers needing them".[50][52] When Fauci made this comment, America's top surgical mask maker was struggling to produce enough masks to meet the increased demand.[52] On April 3, the CDC reversed course, quoting recent studies that showed asymptomatic transmission of the virus, thus advocating for the public to wear non-surgical masks to reduce community transmission while Fauci advocated for wearing facial coverings in public.[51] Fauci's shifting advice on wearing face masks drew criticism, which Fauci responded to by arguing that changes in policy were necessary as scientists learned more about COVID-19.[15]

In mid-April, when asked about social distancing and stay-at-home measures, Fauci said that if the administration had "started mitigation earlier" more lives could have been saved, and "no one is going to deny that." He added that the decision-making for implementing mitigation measures was "complicated", and "there was a lot of pushback about shutting things down back then."[53]

Fauci's comments were met with a hostile response from former Republican congressional candidate DeAnna Lorraine. Trump retweeted Lorraine's response, which included the call to "#FireFauci.”[54] "Fire Fauci" has also been chanted by anti-lockdown protesters in various locations, including Florida and Texas.[55] As a result, the White House denied that Trump was firing Fauci, and blamed the media for overreacting.[56][57]

Due to Trump's opposition to CDC mask wearing guidelines and social distancing measures, which Fauci advocated, Fauci was criticized by right-wing pundits and received death threats that necessitated a security detail.[58][59][60] In an interview with 60 Minutes in 2020, he mentioned that other members of his family, including his wife and daughters, had been repeatedly harassed since the pandemic began.[61]

Fauci receives his first dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, in December 2020, at a NIH vaccination event.

In June 2020, Fauci said that he was "very concerned" that the ongoing protests against police brutality would cause "surges" in COVID-19 cases, stating that the "large crowds" are a "perfect set-up" for the virus to spread.[62] In July 2020, Fauci advised the public to "avoid crowds of any type".[63]

On July 6, 2020, Fauci spoke on a Facebook livestream, offering his opinion that the country's situation pertaining to COVID-19 "is really not good", pointing to more than 55,000 new cases on July 4, 2020. He said the United States was "still knee-deep in the first wave" of cases, and was experiencing a "resurgence of infections".[64] On July 7, 2020, during a press conference, Fauci stated that it was a "false narrative to take comfort in a lower rate of death" for COVID-19 in the country: "There's so many other things that are very dangerous and bad about this virus, don't get yourself into false complacency." Both Trump and the White House had cited the falling death rate as proof of success of the Trump administration's response.[65] After this appearance by Fauci, the White House cancelled three media appearances that had been scheduled for him later that week.[66] On July 7, 2020, Trump contradicted Fauci's comments describing a dire situation in the country, with Trump saying: "I think we are in a good place. I disagree with [Fauci]."[67] While there were disagreements, Trump also at times praised Fauci.[68][69][70]

On July 9, 2020, Trump publicly claimed that Fauci "made a lot of mistakes".[66][71][72] By July 12, 2020, a White House official told media outlets that "several White House officials are concerned about the number of times Dr. Fauci has been wrong on things", passing to the media a list of purported mistakes made by Fauci during the outbreak.[66][71] Included were statements Fauci made during a February 29, 2020, interview where he stated that “at this moment, there is no need to change anything that you're doing on a day-by-day basis." However, the White House list neglected to mention that in that same interview, Fauci had stated that the risk could change, "when you start to see community spread", and that the disease could morph into "a major outbreak" in the country.[73]

As late as September 23, 2020, when U.S. coronavirus fatalities exceeded 200,000, conservatives continued to question Fauci's and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) recommendations for responding to the pandemic. In a hearing before the Senate's Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee,[74] Kentucky's Senator Rand Paul asked him if he had "second thoughts" about his mitigation recommendations, including keeping six feet of distance from others and mask-wearing, claiming, "our death rate is essentially worse than Sweden's." Fauci stood by the guidelines, indicating Sweden's fatality rate exceeded those of other Scandinavian countries, and said the comparison between Sweden and the U.S. was not legitimate. Fauci said the recommendations remained valid. After Paul then asserted New York's high fatality rate showed that mitigation efforts were insufficient, Fauci replied, "You've misconstrued that, Senator, and you've done that repetitively in the past." Fauci explained further that New York State had succeeded in getting the virus under control by following the CDC's clinical guidelines.[75] Paul had made numerous claims about herd immunity, Sweden's interventions to combat the pandemic, the contention that the populations of Asian countries have greater resilience against COVID-19, and statements about death rates due to the virus.[74] Fauci would have several intense exchanges with Paul.[15]

In October 2020, Fauci objected after his words, "I can't imagine that anybody could be doing more" were featured in an advertisement from the Trump campaign touting Trump's handling of the pandemic. Fauci said he did not consent to the ad, his words were taken out of context (he was actually referring to how hard the Coronavirus Task Force was working),[76] and he had never made a political endorsement in his career.[77]

Also, in October, Fauci criticized the Great Barrington Declaration's "focused protection" herd immunity strategy, calling it "ridiculous", "total nonsense" and "very dangerous", saying that it would lead to a large number of avoidable deaths.[78][79][80] Fauci said that 30 percent of the population had underlying health conditions that made them vulnerable to the virus and that "older adults, even those who are otherwise healthy, are far more likely than young adults to become seriously ill if they get COVID-19."[79] He added, "This idea that we have the power to protect the vulnerable is total nonsense because history has shown that that's not the case. And if you talk to anybody who has any experience in epidemiology and infectious diseases, they will tell you that that is risky, and you'll wind up with many more infections of vulnerable people, which will lead to hospitalizations and deaths. So I think that we just got to look that square in the eye and say it's nonsense."[79]

On October 18, 2020, Fauci mentioned that he "wasn't surprised" Donald Trump contracted COVID-19.[61] The next day, during a presidential call, Trump called Fauci "a disaster" and said that "people are tired of COVID."[81] During a campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 19, Trump launched attacks on his political rival Joe Biden, saying that Biden "wants to listen to Dr. Fauci" regarding the handling of the pandemic, upon which Biden merely replied "Yes" on Twitter.[82] On October 31, The Washington Post published an extensive interview with Fauci, in which he voiced a candid assessment of the administration's COVID-19 policies and was critical of the influence of presidential advisor Scott Atlas.[83]

Shortly after midnight on November 2, 2020, Trump insinuated he would fire Fauci "after the election" while on stage at a campaign rally at Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport in Opa-locka, Florida. At the rally, he made false claims that the pandemic was "rounding the turn" and was met by audience chants of "Fire Fauci!", to which he responded, "Don't tell anybody, but let me wait until after the election ... I appreciate the advice."[84][85] Despite the rhetoric, Fauci was not fired.

On December 2, the United Kingdom became the first western country to license a vaccine against the coronavirus (Pfizer-BioNTech). In response, Fauci said that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was proceeding "the correct way"[86] and said the U.K. "really rushed through that approval".[87] The next day Fauci apologized, telling the BBC "I have a great deal of confidence in what the U.K. does both scientifically and from a regulator standpoint. Our process is one that takes more time than it takes in the U.K. ... I did not mean to imply any sloppiness even though it came out that way."[88]

On January 3, 2021, President Trump tweeted, "The number of cases and deaths of the China Virus is far exaggerated in the United States because of [the CDC's] ridiculous method of determination compared to other countries".[89] That same morning, Fauci responded in an interview on NBC's Meet the Press, "The numbers are real. We have well over 300,000 deaths. We are averaging two- to three thousand deaths per day. All you need to do ... is go into the trenches, go into the hospitals, go into the intensive care units and see what is happening. Those are real numbers, real people, and real deaths."[90]

When asked if the 2021 United States Capitol attack was a COVID-19 superspreader event, Fauci stated: "I think for those people there, they probably put themselves at an increased risk because they essentially did not adhere to the fundamentals of public health and COVID-19 context which is universal wearing of masks, keeping physical distance, avoiding crowds in congregate settings. The fact that it was outdoors is a little bit better than if they were indoors completely. But you can still have a super spreader situation when you do things in a crowded way."[91]

On January 23, 2021, Fauci was quoted saying that letting the science speak on the pandemic got him "into a little bit of trouble" and got "push-back from people in the White House, including the president", during the Trump administration. Fauci was also reportedly blocked from appearing on The Rachel Maddow Show for some time because the Trump administration "didn't like the way [Maddow handles] things and they didn't want me on [the show]."[92]

Biden administration

Fauci and President Joe Biden in February 2021

On December 3, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden asked Fauci, in addition to remaining in his role as director of the NIAID, to serve as the chief medical advisor to the president in the Biden administration.[93][94] Fauci accepted the offer.[95]

After the inauguration of Joe Biden in January 2021, Fauci said he experienced a "liberating feeling" in being able to speak freely about science without interference from the new administration. He pictured Biden's administration as committed to being "completely transparent, open and honest".[96] Fauci was involved in the development of the Biden administration's plan for a nationwide COVID-19 vaccine rollout.[15]

In early April 2021, Fauci said of the current situation in the United States that "It's almost a race between getting people vaccinated and this surge that seems to want to increase".[97]

In early May 2021, when asked if the CDC's summer camp guidance was excessive, Fauci responded by saying that "I wouldn't call them excessive, but they certainly are conservative" and added that the guidance "looks a bit strict" and "a bit stringent".[98] Also in early May, Fauci said that he is "not convinced" that COVID-19 originated naturally and that "we should continue to investigate what went on in China until we continue to find out to the best of our ability what happened".[99] In mid-May 2021, Fauci said that Americans who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 no longer need to wear masks outdoors, except for in "completely crowded situations".[100] This guidance was updated in July 2021 to recommend that all people wear masks regardless of vaccination status, in what Fauci said was due to the much more contagious Delta variant.[101]

File:Dr. Anthony Fauci speaks at the National Cathedral for an interfaith vaccine confidence event.jpg
Fauci speaks at the National Cathedral for an interfaith vaccine confidence event.[102]

In May 2021, Fauci denied that the National Institutes of Health supported "gain-of-function research" at the Wuhan Institute of Virology.[103]

In early June 2021, over 3,000 internal government emails sent by Fauci from January to June 2020 were obtained by media outlets through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. These emails contain information about how the United States and Fauci initially responded to COVID-19.[104][105]

On June 22, 2021, Fauci said that the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant is the "greatest threat" to eliminating COVID-19 in the United States.[106]

In December 2021, Fauci, along with virologist Jeffery K. Taubenberger and David M. Morens endorsed the development of a universal coronavirus vaccine, advocating in favor of "an international collaborative effort to extensively sample coronaviruses from bats as well as wild and farmed animals to help understand the full "universe" of existing and emerging coronaviruses."[107][108][109]

In February 2022, Fauci told the Financial Times that "As we get out of the full-blown pandemic phase of Covid-19, which we are certainly heading out of, these decisions will increasingly be made on a local level rather than centrally decided or mandated. There will also be more people making their own decisions on how they want to deal with the virus."[110]

In March 2022, Fauci said that the United States should expect an increase in COVID-19 cases from the BA.2 subvariant of Omicron, but that it might not lead to a severe increase in hospitalizations and deaths.[111]

On April 27, 2022, Fauci said that the United States was "out of the full-blown explosive pandemic phase" of COVID-19.[112]

On May 15, 2022, Fauci said that he would resign if Donald Trump wins the 2024 U.S. presidential election.[113] In a July 2022 interview with Politico, Fauci had been reported to be "leaving by the end of President Joe Biden's term", though he later clarified he may step down from his role as NIAID director. Fauci also told Politico he is seeking to "help repair the widespread partisan polarization that has divided the nation and politicized science".[114] On August 22, 2022, Fauci announced that he will step down from his position in December "to pursue the next chapter" of his career.[115] He stepped down from his position on December 31 of that same year.[116]

Cultural impact

Owing to his prominent role in the United States response to numerous global pandemics, most notably HIV/AIDS and COVID-19, Fauci has become the subject of tributes and interpretations across various media, including television, literature, merchandising, and internet memes.[117][118] Brad Pitt's performance as Fauci during the 2020 season of Saturday Night Live earned the actor an Emmy nomination, and praise from Fauci.[119] Author Sally Quinn has credited Fauci as the inspiration for the love interest to the protagonist in her bestselling 1991 romance novel Happy Endings.[120] Larry Kramer based the character Dr. Anthony Della Vida on Fauci in his play The Destiny of Me.[121]

In the spring of 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, bakeries across the United States began selling pastries, particularly donuts, with Fauci's face on them to pay tribute to his work in the public health sector.[122]

In September 2021, Fauci, a documentary film about Fauci's life and career, was released by Magnolia Pictures.[123] The film was produced by National Geographic Documentary Films.[124]

In 2021, anti-vaccine activist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. released the book The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health. In response, Fauci described the author as "a very disturbed individual".[125]

Personal life

Fauci with his wife Christine Grady and Preisdent Joe Biden in 2023

Fauci has lived in the same house since 1977.[14] In 1985, Fauci married Christine Grady, a nurse and bioethicist with the NIH, after they met while treating a patient.[126] Grady is chief of the Department of Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.[65] Together they have three adult daughters.[127]

On June 15, 2022, Fauci tested positive for COVID-19, experiencing mild symptoms. He is fully vaccinated and has received two booster shots.[128]

Fauci makes $480,654 annually working for the NIAID, making him the highest paid U.S. government employee.[14]

Fauci says he is an independent nonpartisan and his voter registration shows that he is not affiliated with any political party, although he still votes.[14] Prior to 2020, he had positive relationships with both Democrats and Republicans and considered George W. Bush a close friend: "Obviously there's been appropriate controversy regarding decisions regarding Iraq, but his moral compass about health equity is very strong."[14] Fauci has specifically praised Bush's work to combat HIV/AIDS through PEPFAR, a global health initiative credited with saving over 20 million lives as of 2021[38] primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to Fauci, "[Bush's] exact words to me were, 'We have a moral responsibility as a rich nation to not have people suffer and die merely because of where they live and the circumstances in which they were born'".[14] Former CDC director and CEO of Resolve to Save Lives, Tom Frieden, said that "I have no idea what his politics are. Reagan and both Bushes liked him. Clinton and Obama liked him".[129]

Memberships

Fauci is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, the American Philosophical Society,[130] and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, as well as other numerous professional societies including the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Association of Immunologists. He serves on the editorial boards of many scientific journals, and as an author, coauthor, or editor of more than 1,000 scientific publications, including several textbooks.[131] On March 23, 2021, Fauci was admitted as an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.[132]

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Fauci has served as one of the principal editors of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, named on the front cover, from the 11th edition published in 1986,[133] and on through the 12th, 13th,[134] 14th,[135] 15th,[136] 16th,[137] 17th,[138] 18th, 19th,[139] 20th version, and latest (at the time of writing) 21st edition,[140] published in 2022. He was the editor-in-chief of the 14th and 17th editions.[140]

Awards and honors

Ben Carson and Anthony Fauci (right) being announced as recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush at the White House on June 19, 2008

In addition to receiving an honorary degree in 2015, Fauci was invited to deliver guest remarks on May 21, 2020, for the Johns Hopkins University Class of 2020.[180] Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and commencement speaker Alexis Ohanian; and philanthropist and former New York City mayor Michael R. Bloomberg.[181] The College of the Holy Cross renamed its science complex the Anthony S. Fauci Integrated Science Complex on June 11, 2022.[182]

Selected works and publications

External videos
video icon "The Promise and Peril of DNA Research" (interview). Think Tank with Ben Wattenberg, March 5, 1998.
Scholia has an author profile for Anthony Fauci.
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Dale, David C.; Balow, James E. (March 1976). "Glucocorticosteroid Therapy: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Considerations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 84 (3): 304–15. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-304. PMID 769625. Wikidata ()
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Haynes, Barton F.; Katz, Paul (November 1, 1978). "The Spectrum of Vasculitis: Clinical, Pathologic, Immunologic, and Therapeutic Considerations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 89 (5_Part_1): 660–76. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-660. PMID 31121. Wikidata ()
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Haynes, Barton F.; Katz, Paul; Wolff, Sheldon M. (January 1983). "Wegener's Granulomatosis: Prospective Clinical and Therapeutic Experience With 85 Patients for 21 Years". Annals of Internal Medicine. 98 (1): 76–85. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-76. PMID 6336643. Wikidata ()
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Macher, Abe M.; Longo, Dan L.; Lane, H. Clifford; Rook, Alain H.; Masur, Henry; Gelmann, Edward P. (January 1984). "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Immunologic, and Therapeutic Considerations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 100 (1): 92–106. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-92. PMID 6318629. Wikidata ()
  • Fauci, AS (February 5, 1988). "The human immunodeficiency virus: infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenesis". Science. 239 (4840): 617–622. Bibcode:1988Sci...239..617F. doi:10.1126/science.3277274. PMID 3277274. Wikidata ()
  • Pantaleo, Giuseppe; Graziosi, Cecilia; Fauci, Anthony S. (February 4, 1993). "The Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". New England Journal of Medicine. 328 (5): 327–335. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302043280508. PMID 8093551. Wikidata ()
  • Fauci, Anthony S. (December 1996). "Host factors and the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease". Nature. 384 (6609): 529–534. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..529F. doi:10.1038/384529A0. PMID 8955267. S2CID 4370482. Wikidata ()
  • Morens, David M.; Folkers, Gregory K.; Fauci, Anthony S. (July 8, 2004). "The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases". Nature. 430 (6996): 242–249. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..242M. doi:10.1038/nature02759. PMC 7094993. PMID 15241422. Wikidata ()
  • Morens, David M.; Fauci, Anthony S. (April 2007). "The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Insights for the 21st Century". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 195 (7): 1018–1028. doi:10.1086/511989. PMID 17330793. Wikidata ()
  • Johnston, Margaret I.; Fauci, Anthony S. (August 28, 2008). "An HIV Vaccine – Challenges and Prospects". New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (9): 888–890. doi:10.1056/NEJMp0806162. PMID 18753644. Wikidata ()
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Harrison, Ross, eds. (2008). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-159991-7. OCLC 1109159992.
  • Fauci, Anthony S.; Lane, H. Clifford; Redfield, Robert R. (March 26, 2020). "Covid-19 – Navigating the Uncharted". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (13): 1268–1269. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2002387. PMC 7121221. PMID 32109011.

References

  1. ^ "'I had to fulfil my responsibility': Fauci on his career, Covid and stepping down". TheGuardian.com. December 25, 2022.
  2. ^ Fauci, Anthony S. (July 16, 1998). "Dr. Anthony S. Fauci Oral History". National Institutes of Health (Interview). Interviewed by Melissa Klein. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
  3. ^ "Retirements-August". Commissioned Corps Bulletin. Vol. X, no. 9. Department of Health and Human Services. September 1996. p. 15.
  4. ^ Fauci, Anthony (December 10, 2022). "Anthony Fauci: A Message to the Next Generation of Scientists". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  5. ^ Alba, Davey; Frenkel, Sheera (March 28, 2020). "Medical Expert Who Corrects Trump Is Now a Target of the Far Right". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Biography Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. NIAID Director". NIAID. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007.
  7. ^ "Anthony S. Fauci Awarded the Highest Honor of the Association of American Physicians" (Press release). National Institutes of Health. April 15, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  8. ^ "Fauci: The Virus Hunter". PBS (Special Documentary). 2021.
  9. ^ Choi, Matthew (December 3, 2020). "Biden asks Fauci to stay on Covid team, become chief medical adviser". Politico. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  10. ^ Baltimore, Kenya Evelynin (December 4, 2020). "Fauci accepts offer of chief medical adviser role in Biden administration". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  11. ^ Stanton, Cady (August 22, 2022). "Dr. Anthony Fauci, face of the nation's pandemic health response, to step down in December". USA Today. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  12. ^ "'I had to fulfil my responsibility': Fauci on his career, Covid and stepping down". the Guardian. December 25, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d Gallin, John I. (October 1, 2007). "Introduction of Anthony S. Fauci, MD". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 117 (10): 3131–3135. doi:10.1172/JCI33692. PMC 1994641. PMID 17909634.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Peele, Anna (June 29, 2022). "The Pandemic Is Waning. Anthony Fauci Has a Few More Lessons to Share". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 30, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Anthony Fauci". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  16. ^ Fauci, Anthony (March 7, 1989). "Fauci89: Transcription of oral history interview" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Victoria Harden. NIH. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2016.
  17. ^ Fauci, Anthony (January 8, 2015). "Q&A with Dr. Anthony Fauci". C-SPAN (Interview). Interviewed by Brian Lamb. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  18. ^ Post, Kathryn (July 1, 2021). "Dr. Anthony Fauci named 2021 Humanist of the Year". Religion News Service. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  19. ^ a b Roberts, Molly (July 16, 2020). "Anthony Fauci built a truce. Trump is destroying it". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  20. ^ Hunsinger Benbow, Dana (April 2, 2020). "Donnie Walsh on losing basketball game to Dr. Anthony Fauci: 'How did that happen?'". The Indianapolis Star. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  21. ^ "Dr. Anthony Fauci Named New NIAID Director" (PDF). HHS News. November 2, 1984. Archived from the original (Press release) on February 9, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  22. ^ Grady, Denise, "Not His First Epidemic: Dr. Anthony Fauci Sticks to the Facts" Archived March 27, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, March 8, 11, 2020.
  23. ^ Grady, Denise (March 8, 2020). "Not His First Epidemic: Dr. Anthony Fauci Sticks to the Facts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 15, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  24. ^ Varmus, Harold (December 1, 2013). "Making PEPFAR". Science & Diplomacy. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  25. ^ Wysocki, Bernard Jr. (December 6, 2005). "Agency Chief Spurs Bioterror Research – And Controversy". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.
  26. ^ a b "Anthony S. Fauci, M.D." About National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  27. ^ Holy Cross Magazine Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., '62 Archived August 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on May 30, 2007.
  28. ^ a b "1998 AACC Lectureship Award". American Association for Clinical Chemistry. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  29. ^ Ryan, Benjamin (December 24, 2020). "'Brand-new disease, no treatment, no cure': how Anthony Fauci's fight against Aids prepared him to tackle Covid-19". The Guardian. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
  30. ^ Specter, Michael (April 10, 2020). "How Anthony Fauci Became America's Doctor". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  31. ^ "HIV InSite Interview with Anthony S. Fauci, MD". hivinsite.ucsf.edu. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  32. ^ a b c Specter, Michael (April 10, 2020). "How Anthony Fauci Became America's Doctor". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  33. ^ Lopez, German (December 1, 2015). "The Reagan administration's unbelievable response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic". Vox. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  34. ^ Portwood, Jerry (May 29, 2020). "Dr. Anthony Fauci Shares Moving Tribute to Larry Kramer and Their 'Love for Each Other'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  35. ^ Gross, Terry. "Fresh Air For Feb. 4, 2021: Dr. Anthony Fauci". Fresh Air. NPR. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  36. ^ Strub, Sean (February 21, 2014). "Whitewashing AIDS History". HuffPost. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  37. ^ Andrews, Helen (April 30, 2021). "Doctor Who". The Lamp. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  38. ^ a b "PEPFAR - HIV.gov". July 16, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  39. ^ Fauber, John (September 20, 2009). "Swine flu may hit as many as one-third of Americans, Fauci says". Medical Xpress. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  40. ^ "Officials eyeing additional screening for Ebola in US, vow to protect citizens from disease". Associated Press. October 6, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  41. ^ a b c Roberts, Dan (October 16, 2014). "CDC director warns Ebola like 'forest fire' as Congress readies for hearing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  42. ^ Santucci, Jeanine (February 27, 2020). "What we know about the White House coronavirus task force now that Mike Pence is in charge". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  43. ^ Cohen, Jon (March 22, 2020). "'I'm going to keep pushing.' Anthony Fauci tries to make the White House listen to facts of the pandemic". Science. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  44. ^ Nicholas, Peter (March 22, 2020). "Anthony Fauci's Plan to Stay Honest". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  45. ^ Smith, Virginia K. (April 4, 2020). "5 reasons Gov. Cuomo and Dr. Fauci are America's de facto leaders during the coronavirus pandemic". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  46. ^ "President Trump's Advisors 'Argued Strongly' Against Easing Coronavirus Measures Too Early, Anthony Fauci Says". Time. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  47. ^ Fiske, Warren (April 29, 2020). "Did Fauci tell U.S. 'not to worry about' coronavirus?". Politifact. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  48. ^ a b Prignano, Christina (July 15, 2020). "Anthony Fauci rebukes Trump administration's efforts to discredit him: 'It's nonsense'". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  49. ^ Higgins-Dunn, Noah; Lovelace, Berkeley Jr. (March 11, 2020). "Top US health official says the coronavirus is 10 times 'more lethal' than the seasonal flu". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020.
  50. ^ a b Austin, Sophie (July 8, 2020). ""Dr. Fauci: No reason to be wearing a mask."". Politifact. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  51. ^ a b Spencer, Saranac (May 19, 2020). "Outdated Fauci Video on Face Masks Shared Out of Context". Factcheck.org. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  52. ^ a b McCandless Farmer, Brit (March 8, 2020). "March 2020: Dr. Anthony Fauci talks with Dr Jon LaPook about COVID-19". CBS News. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  53. ^ Cole, Devan (April 12, 2020). "Fauci admits earlier Covid-19 mitigation efforts would have saved more American lives". CNN. Archived from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  54. ^ Bowden, John (April 12, 2020). "Trump shares tweet from supporter calling for Fauci to be fired". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  55. ^ Tilove, Jonathan (April 18, 2020). "Chanting 'Let us work!', 'Fire Fauci!', protesters at Capitol decry virus restrictions". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  56. ^ Shepherd, Katie; Wagner, John; Sonmez, Felicia (April 14, 2020). "White House denies Trump is considering firing Fauci despite his retweet of a hashtag calling for his ouster". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  57. ^ Orr, Gabby; Levine, Marianne (April 13, 2020). "Trump's #FireFauci retweet spurs a cycle of outrage and a White House denial". Politico. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  58. ^ Budryk, Zack (April 2, 2020). "Fauci dismisses death threats: 'It's my job'". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  59. ^ Bennett, Kate; Perez, Evan (April 2, 2020). "Nation's top coronavirus expert Dr. Anthony Fauci forced to beef up security as death threats increase". CNN. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  60. ^ Singh, Maanvi (April 2, 2020). "Dr Fauci: security reportedly expanded as infectious disease expert faces threats". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  61. ^ a b "Fauci admits administration has restricted his media appearances, says he's not surprised Trump got COVID". CBS News. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  62. ^ Bekiempis, Victoria (June 6, 2020). "US coronavirus deaths near 110,000 as local economies continue to reopen". The Guardian. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  63. ^ Sullivan, Peter (July 31, 2020). "Jim Jordan presses Fauci on protests, COVID-19". The Hill. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  64. ^ Miller, Sara (July 7, 2020). "Fauci on a COVID-19 vaccine: 'We will at least have an answer' in the winter whether it works". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  65. ^ a b LeBlanc, Paul (July 8, 2020). "Fauci warns against 'false complacency' as Trump touts falling coronavirus death rate". CNN. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  66. ^ a b c Abutaleb, Yasmeen; Dawsey, Josh; McGinley, Laurie (July 12, 2020). "Fauci is sidelined by the White House as he steps up blunt talk on pandemic". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  67. ^ Carvajal, Nikki (July 7, 2020). "Trump says he disagrees with Fauci: 'I think we are in a good place. I disagree with him.'". CNN. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  68. ^ "Trump offers praise for absent Fauci: 'He's a good man'". The Hill. March 23, 2020. Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  69. ^ "Who is Dr Anthony Fauci, the US's trusted voice on coronavirus?". Al Jazeera. March 30, 2020. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  70. ^ "How Fauci Prods, Persuades Trump on Coronavirus Response". The Wall Street Journal. March 31, 2020. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  71. ^ a b Lederman, Josh; O'Donnell, Kelly (July 13, 2020). "White House seeks to discredit Fauci as coronavirus surges". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  72. ^ "Trump: 'I disagree' with Fauci on Covid-19 in the US". Agence France Presse. July 8, 2020. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  73. ^ Haberman, Maggie (July 12, 2020). "Trump Aides Undercut Fauci as He Speaks Up on Virus Concerns". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  74. ^ a b 'You misconstrue that, Senator': Fauci tells Rand Paul he has the facts wrong on COVID-19 Archived September 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  75. ^ Dr. Fauci to Senator Paul: 'You are not listening ...' Archived September 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Yahoo News (Reuters), September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  76. ^ Sargent, Greg (October 12, 2020). "Fauci's anger at Trump is more damning than it first appeared". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  77. ^ Collins, Kaitlan (October 11, 2020). "Fauci says he was taken out of context in new Trump campaign ad touting coronavirus response". CNN. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  78. ^ Rivas, Kayla (October 15, 2020). "Fauci calls coronavirus herd immunity approach 'nonsense, very dangerous'". Fox News. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  79. ^ a b c Hellmann, Jessie (October 15, 2020). "Fauci blasts herd immunity proposal embraced by White House as 'total nonsense'". The Hill. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  80. ^ Jacobson, Don (October 15, 2020). "U.S. adds most COVID-19 cases in 2 months; Dr. Fauci dismisses 'herd' strategy". United Press International. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  81. ^ Fernandez, Marisa (October 19, 2020). "Trump calls Fauci a "disaster" on campaign call". Axios. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  82. ^ Demsas, Jerusalem (October 20, 2020). "Trump's new attack: Biden "wants to listen to Fauci"". Vox.
  83. ^ Dawsey, Josh; Abutaleb, Yasmeen (October 31, 2020). "'A whole lot of hurt': Fauci warns of covid-19 surge, offers blunt assessment of Trump's response". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
  84. ^ Facher, Lev (November 2, 2020). "Trump threatens to fire Fauci 'after the election'". Stat. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  85. ^ Cummings, William; Subramanian, Courtney (November 2, 2020). "'I appreciate the advice': Trump tells crowd chanting, 'Fire Fauci!' to wait until after election". USA Today. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  86. ^ Henley, Jon; Connolly, Kate; Jones, Sam (December 3, 2020). "European and US experts question UK's fast-track of Covid vaccine". The Guardian. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  87. ^ Forgey, Quint (December 3, 2020). "Fauci: U.K. 'really rushed through that approval' of Pfizer vaccine". Politico. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  88. ^ Henley, Jon (December 4, 2020). "Fauci apologises after implied criticism of UK's 'rushed' Covid vaccine approval". The Guardian. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  89. ^ Kornfield, Meryl; Jacobs, Shayna (January 3, 2021). "As coronavirus death toll surpasses 350,000, Trump calls U.S. count 'far exaggerated'". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  90. ^ Kamisar, Ben (January 3, 2021). "Fauci pushes back on Trump: Covid death numbers are 'real'". NBC News. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  91. ^ Mastis, Lindsey (January 7, 2021). "Dr. Anthony Fauci discusses whether Capitol riot was a superspreader event". WJLA-TV. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  92. ^ Schneider, Avie (January 23, 2021). "Dr. Fauci relishes a 'hallelujah' moment". NPR. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  93. ^ Merica, Dan (December 4, 2020). "CNN Exclusive: Biden says he will ask Americans to wear masks for the first 100 days he's in office". CNN. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  94. ^ Walsh, Joe (December 4, 2020). "Biden Asks Fauci To Serve As 'Chief Medical Advisor' During Covid Crisis". Forbes.
  95. ^ Evelyn, Kenya (December 4, 2020). "Fauci accepts offer of chief medical adviser role in Biden administration". The Guardian.
  96. ^ Egan, Lauren (January 21, 2021). "Dr. Anthony Fauci says he feels liberated to speak freely about science, risk of Covid under Biden". NBC News. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  97. ^ Holcombe, Madeline; Andone, Dakin (April 9, 2021). "Fauci says new Covid-19 cases are at a disturbing level as the US is primed for a surge". CNN. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  98. ^ Stump, Scott (May 5, 2021). "Dr. Fauci calls CDC summer camp guidelines 'a bit strict'". Today. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  99. ^ Cillizza, Chris (May 24, 2021). "Analysis: Why is Anthony Fauci hedging on the origins of the coronavirus?". CNN. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  100. ^ Dr. Fauci: 'Put aside your mask' if you're fully vaccinated and outside – CNN Video, May 13, 2021, retrieved May 13, 2021
  101. ^ Stieg, Cory (July 28, 2021). "Dr. Fauci on CDC mask guidelines: 'We are dealing with a different virus now'". CNBC. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  102. ^ "Fauci and Collins join interfaith leaders at cathedral vaccine 'confidence event'". March 17, 2021.
  103. ^ "Analysis: The repeated claim that Fauci lied to Congress about 'gain-of-function' research". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  104. ^ "Why are people talking about Dr Anthony Fauci's emails?". BBC News. June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  105. ^ Blake, Aaron (June 4, 2021). "The alleged Fauci 'smoking gun' emails". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 4, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  106. ^ Miller, Sara G. (June 22, 2021). "Delta variant is 'greatest threat' to eliminating Covid in U.S., Fauci says". NBC News. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  107. ^ Morens, David M.; Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; Fauci, Anthony S. (December 15, 2021). "Universal Coronavirus Vaccines — An Urgent Need". The New England Journal of Medicine. 386 (4): 297–299. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2118468. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 34910863. S2CID 245219817.
  108. ^ "NIH scientists urge pursuit of universal coronavirus vaccine". National Institutes of Health (NIH). December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  109. ^ Bush, Evan (December 15, 2021). "Fauci pushes for universal coronavirus vaccine". NBC News. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  110. ^ Stacey, Kiran (February 9, 2022). "'Full blown' pandemic phase of Covid nearly over in US, declares Fauci". Financial Times. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
  111. ^ Haslett, Cheyenne (March 18, 2022). "Fauci says COVID-19 cases will likely increase soon, though not necessarily hospitalizations". ABC News. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  112. ^ Achenbach, Joel; Pietsch, Bryan (April 27, 2022). "U.S. no longer in 'full-blown' pandemic phase, Fauci says". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
  113. ^ Vargas, Ramon Antonio (May 16, 2022). "Fauci says he will resign if Trump retakes the presidency in 2024". The Guardian. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  114. ^ "Fauci clarifies that he will not retire, but will leave current NIAID director position". Fox News. July 19, 2022.
  115. ^ Stanton, Cady. "Dr. Anthony Fauci, face of the nation's pandemic health response, to step down in December". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  116. ^ "'I had to fulfil my responsibility': Fauci on his career, Covid and stepping down". the Guardian. December 25, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  117. ^ Paz, Christian (April 22, 2020). "Anthony Fauci's Gen Z Cred". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  118. ^ Gentzler, Doreen (June 8, 2020). "Cocktails, Sexiest Man Alive, and Shirts: Dr. Anthony Fauci On Becoming a Pop Culture Icon". NBC 4 Washington. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  119. ^ Gonzales, Sandra (July 29, 2020). "Brad Pitt scores Emmy nomination for playing Dr. Fauci on 'SNL'". CNN. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  120. ^ Sangal, Aditi (May 11, 2020). "Dr. Fauci as a romance novel hero? It's happened". CNN. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  121. ^ McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (July 13, 2020). "'We Loved Each Other': Fauci Recalls Larry Kramer, Friend and Nemesis". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  122. ^ Johnson, Lauren M. (March 26, 2020). "Doughnuts featuring Dr. Fauci's face are quickly becoming a nationwide hit". CNN. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  123. ^ "National Geographic Documentary Films Sets FAUCI Theatrical Release Date With Magnolia Pictures for Sept. 10". Business Wire. August 31, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  124. ^ Hipes, Patrick (February 1, 2021). "Dr. Anthony Fauci Documentary In Works At Nat Geo From Oscar And Emmy Winners; Watch First Trailer". Deadline. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  125. ^ "Fauci Calls RFK Jr. A 'Very Disturbed Individual' over Career Attacks". December 22, 2021.
  126. ^ Fauci, Jennifer (February 2002). "Patient Portables". The Nurse Practitioner. 27 (2): 54. doi:10.1097/00006205-200202000-00032. ISSN 0361-1817.
  127. ^ Ellis, Ralph (October 8, 2020). "Fauci's Daughters Won't Visit for Thanksgiving". WebMD. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  128. ^ Stanton, Cady (June 15, 2022). "Dr. Anthony Fauci tests positive for COVID-19, is experiencing mild symptoms". USA Today.
  129. ^ Ward, Myah (August 22, 2022). "The next Anthony Fauci". Politico. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  130. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  131. ^ Highly Cited Biography Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved May 30, 2007.
  132. ^ "WATCH: Dr. Anthony Fauci receives highest honor at Royal College of Physicians of Ireland". IrishCentral.com. March 25, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  133. ^ Amazon.com. ISBN 0071001344.
  134. ^ Isselbacher, Kurt J.; Braunwald, Eugene; Wilson, Jean D.; Martin, Joseph B.; Fauci, Anthony S.; Kasper, Dennis L. (January 1996). "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13Th Edition". Shock. 5 (1): 78. doi:10.1097/00024382-199601000-00019.
  135. ^ Illis, L. S. (1998). "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 14th Edition". Spinal Cord. 36 (9): 665. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100671. S2CID 52818862.
  136. ^ Frey, Donald (April 2002). "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 15th Edition". Shock. 17 (4): 343–344.
  137. ^ "9780071402354: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition - Kasper, Dennis L.; Braunwald, Eugene; Hauser, Stephen; Longo, Dan; Jameson, J. Larry; Fauci, Anthony S.: 0071402357 - AbeBooks".
  138. ^ Amazon.com. ISBN 0071466339.
  139. ^ Larry Jameson, J.; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Brown, Cynthia; Kasper, Dennis L.; Wiener, Charles; Loscalzo, Joseph; Longo, Dan L.; Houston, Brain (January 11, 2017). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine Self-Assessment and Board Review, 19th Edition. ISBN 978-1259642883.
  140. ^ a b Loscalzo, Joseph; Fauci, Anthony S.; Kasper, Dennis L.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan Louis; Larry Jameson, J. (2022). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. ISBN 978-1264268504.
  141. ^ "Press Release Archive: Twelve Outstanding Public Servants Representing the Best and Brightest in Federal Government to be Honored at 53rd Annual Arthur S. Flemming Awards Presented by GW June 11". www2.gwu.edu. Archived from the original on September 2, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  142. ^ "List of Honorary Degree Recipients | Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, D.Sc. | Bates College". Bates College. May 31, 1993. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2020. Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, D.Sc. (May 31, 1993)
  143. ^ "All Laureates – English". Jung Foundation for Science and Research. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  144. ^ "SiriusXM's Basketball and Beyond with Coach K: Dr. Anthony Fauci". Duke University. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  145. ^ "Honoris causa". Colgate University. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  146. ^ Agencies, United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related (2000). Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2001: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-060655-7. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  147. ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (March 28, 2002). "AIDS Researcher Fauci Wins Prize". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  148. ^ a b "Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. Biography and Interview". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
  149. ^ "The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details". National Science Foundation. July 27, 2007. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  150. ^ "Past Recipients". The American Association of Immunologists. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  151. ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (September 16, 2007). "4 Winners of Lasker Medical Prize". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  152. ^ "UCSF Medal". Office of the Chancellor. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  153. ^ "Robert Koch Stiftung – Anthony S. Fauci". www.robert-koch-stiftung.de. Archived from the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  154. ^ "Dr. Anthony Fauci". Prince Mahidol Award Foundation. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  155. ^ "Anthony Fauci Will Get Honorary Degree". Johns Hopkins University. May 21, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  156. ^ "Honorary Degrees Awarded". Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  157. ^ "Apple CEO Tim Cook to Deliver Commencement Address". GW Today. The George Washington University. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  158. ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients". Office of the Provost. The George Washington University. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  159. ^ Owens, Brian (March 2016). "NIAID director wins Canada Gairdner Global Health Award". The Lancet. 387 (10025): 1261. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30050-2. PMC 7137847. PMID 27017308.
  160. ^ Alexander, Kelly (April 18, 2018). "AU Announces 2018 Commencement Speakers". American University. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  161. ^ "Anthony Fauci Will Get Honorary Degree". Boston University. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  162. ^ "Bertrand Russell Society Award". September 9, 2018.
  163. ^ Davidson, Joe (October 7, 2020). "In subtle rejoinder to Trump, science carries the night at the Sammies awards for federal workers". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
  164. ^ "NAM Awards First-Ever Presidential Citation for Exemplary Leadership to Anthony Fauci". National Academy of Medicine. October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  165. ^ "Dr. Fauci and Colin Kaepernick to receive award for 'commitment to social change'". CBS News. July 30, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  166. ^ "Joe Biden and Kamala Harris are 2020 Time Person of the Year". KHOU 11. December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  167. ^ "Dr. Anthony Fauci to Speak at University of Chicago on March 4". The University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  168. ^ "Fauci diventa cavaliere della Repubblica italiana". Ansa.it (in Italian). May 18, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  169. ^ "Maddox Prize 2020 – Sense about Science". Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  170. ^ "Blessed are the Peacemakers". Catholic Theological Union. December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  171. ^ "Anthony Fauci and Christine Grady honored with award at CTU event". National Catholic Reporter. April 30, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  172. ^ "2021 Anthony S. Fauci to Receive Public Welfare Medal". www.nasonline.org.
  173. ^ "Dan David Prize 2021 Laureates". dandavidprize.org. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  174. ^ "Sen. Elizabeth Warren to Deliver October Commencement Keynote Address". GW Today. The George Washington University. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  175. ^ Trivedi, Isha (August 12, 2021). "Sen. Elizabeth Warren to deliver keynote at October Commencement". The GW Hatchet. Hatchet Publications, Inc. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  176. ^ "Dr. Anthony Fauci to receive honorary doctorate from McGill". McGill University. September 28, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  177. ^ "Honorary Doctorate to Anthony Fauci | Sapienza Università di Roma". Università la Sapienza. January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  178. ^ Fleming, Leonard N. "Fauci tells '20, '21 UM grads to believe in science, reject 'normalization of untruths'". The Detroit News. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  179. ^ Fred Hutch Media Team (August 4, 2022). "Dr. Anthony Fauci to receive honorary Hutch Award®". Fred Hutch. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  180. ^ Fauci, Anthony (May 21, 2020). "Anthony Fauci delivers special message to Johns Hopkins graduates". Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  181. ^ "Senior class president Pavan Patel said the Class of 2020 is "ready to make its mark"". Johns Hopkins University. May 21, 2020. Archived from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  182. ^ "Worcester's Holy Cross names science complex after Dr. Fauci". CBS Boston. June 11, 2022. Retrieved June 17, 2022 – via MSN.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anthony Fauci.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Anthony Fauci.
Government offices
Preceded by 5th Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
1984–2022 		Vacant
Vacant
Title last held by
Ronny Jackson (2019) 		2nd Chief Medical Advisor to the President
2021–2022
Served under: Joe Biden
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Fauci&oldid=1136009626"