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This article is about the municipality in Bihar state, India. For other uses, see Hajipur (disambiguation).
Hajipur
हाजीपुर
ہاجیپر
Ukkacala
City
A montage of images related to Hajipur city
Anticlockwise from top: Hajipur Railway Station, Old Gandak bridge view, Cinekrishna Mall, Institute of Hotel Management, Hotel Anamika, view of Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Nageshwarnath Temple and Circuit House.
Nickname: 
Learning Hub of Bihar state[1]
Country India
StateBihar
RegionMithila
DivisionTirhut
DistrictVaishali
Ward(s)39
Founded1350 AD
Named forHaji Ilyas Shah
Government
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyHajipur Municipal Corporation[2]
 • MayorHaider Ali[3]
 • MPRam Vilas Paswan[4]
Area
(2001)[5]
 • Total
156.91 km2 (60.58 sq mi)
Elevation
[6]
46 m (151 ft)
Population
 (2011)[7]
 • Total
443,976
 • Rank14th (In Bihar)
 • Density2,800/km2 (7,300/sq mi)
DemonymHajipurian
Languages
 • SpokenHindi, English, Maithili[8][9]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Pincode(s)
844 10x
Area code(s)+91–6224
Vehicle registrationBR 31
Literacy (2011)76.80%
Sex ratio[10]1.0892 ♂/♀
Lok Sabha constituencyHajipur
Vidhan Sabha constituencyHajipur (123)
Planning agencyPatna Regional Development Authority
Civic agencyHajipur Nagar Parisad
ClimateCsa (Köppen)
Precipitation993 millimetres (39.1 in)
Avg. annual temperature26 °C (79 °F)
Websitehajipur.biharurban.in
www.vaishali.bih.nic.in

Hajipur (/ˈh[invalid input: 'ah']djip[invalid input: 'oor']/ Hājīpur Audio file "Hajipur.ogg" not found)[11] is the largest city and headquarters of Vaishali district of Tirhut Division[12] in Indian state of Bihar. Hajipur is 11th leading city and 14th most populous city of the State, making it the second fastest developing city next to Patna. It has an total population of 4.43 lakh as per census 2011. Vaishali district (also known as Hajipur district),[13] is ranked 8th on a list of 38 districts in Bihar in terms of growth.[14]

The city is known for producing bananas.[15] Patna, the capital of Bihar is only 10 km from Hajipur. The metropolis of Patna comprises PRDA area,[16] includes Hajipur.[17] Mahatma Gandhi Setu, one of the longest bridges in the world,[18] links it to Patna. After Patna, it is the fastest developing city in bihar, primarily because of its close proximity to Patna (just 10 km). There has been plans to expand Patna to Greater Patna, by absorbing Hajipur and other surrounding towns in it.[19]

Hajipur Industrial Area is a developing Business Hub in the northern part of the state. From 1869 to 2002 Hajipur had Nagar Panchayat as the executive unit which later developed into the metropolis in the year 2002 and is administered by a Hajipur Municipal Corporation.[20] The area of Hajipur city spread across 19.64sq. km (7.58 sq mi). The city is divided into 39 wards.[21] In 1979, a museum was established in Hajipur, By the Directorate of Archaeology and museum, Bihar.[22]

Etymology

The town is known by the name of Hajipur as it was founded by a King of Bengal named Haji Ilyas Shah who ruled between 1345 to 1358 AD. Inside the fort built by this king in Hajipur, there is a mosque called Jamia Masjid, a plain building measuring 84.5 ft (25.8 m) long and 33.5 ft (10.2 m) broad.[23]

History

In the ancient time, it was known as Ukkacala and was the first village to come after crossing River Ganges at Patna. The village of Hajipur gained significance, as it was the venue of one of the discourses given by Lord Buddha. Buddha preached the Cula Gopalaka Sutta, a Middle Length Discourse, here. Along with that, it is also of interest because a portion of Ananda's ashes were enshrined in the town, the closest disciple of Lord Buddha. Ananda acted as the Buddha's personal attendant for twenty years and outlived him by several decades.[24] Hajipur, earlier in British India was a small town in Muzaffarpur district situated on the confluence of the Ganges and Gandak. Hajipur figures conspicuously in the history of struggles between Akbar and the rebellious Afghan karrani rulers of Bengal.

Hajipur (Vaishali)-find its origin way back in history from the mahabharata period. It is the place where democracy found its origin around 600BC.[25] Ancient Licchavi republic was established in this land only. It is the place where Lord Mahavir took birth and Gautam Buddha delivered his last sermon and announced his Parinirvana.

Geography and climate

Geography

Hajipur is the headquarters of Vaishali after its separation from Muzaffarpur district on October 12, 1972. It is located at 25°41′N 85°13′E / 25.68°N 85.22°E / 25.68; 85.22.[26] It has an average elevation of 46 metres (150 ft).

The Hajipur city being bounded by Narayani Gandak river in the west and holy Ganges in the south. Very Good network of rail, road and water transport exists in the city connecting it with other parts of district as well as state and country. Mahatma Gandhi Setu (5575m long, Prestressed box culvert type RCC bridge) over river Ganges connects it with Patna,[27] the state capital while another rail and road bridge over Gandak connects it with Sonepur.

Climate

The plain terrain of city and its nearby places is famous for banana, Litchi and mango plantations. The region looks green with plants and trees growing in semi-tropical monsoon climate. However, months of May–June are hot and December–January is cold.[28]

The climate is warm and temperate in Hajipur. This location is classified as Csa by Köppen and Geiger. The temperature here averages 25.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 993 mm. The driest month is December, with 3 mm of rainfall with an average of 266 mm, the most precipitation falls in July. The warmest month of the year is May, with an average temperature of 32.2 °C. January has the lowest average temperature of the year is 17.1 °C.[29] The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 263 mm. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 15.1 °C.

The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables.

Climate data for Hajipur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.6
(74.5) 		26.3
(79.3) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.8
(92.8) 		38.6
(101.5) 		36.4
(97.5) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.8
(89.2) 		28.8
(83.8) 		24.9
(76.8) 		31.2
(88.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8) 		19.6
(67.3) 		25.4
(77.7) 		28.3
(82.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.6
(88.9) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.1
(84.4) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		25.8
(78.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		22.9
(73.2) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.1
(79.0) 		22.7
(72.9) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.4
(52.5) 		20.5
(69.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 15
(0.6) 		6
(0.2) 		5
(0.2) 		8
(0.3) 		27
(1.1) 		137
(5.4) 		266
(10.5) 		259
(10.2) 		195
(7.7) 		66
(2.6) 		6
(0.2) 		3
(0.1) 		993
(39.1)
Source: Climate table (average high and low) and average precipitation[30]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
190121,398—    
191119,233−10.1%
192116,760−12.9%
193119,299+15.1%
194121,963+13.8%
195125,149+14.5%
196134,044+35.4%
197141,890+23.0%
198162,520+49.2%
199187,687+40.3%
2001119,412+36.2%
2011147,688+23.7%
Population history of Hajipur city (1901-2011)
Source: [31]

As per 2011 census Hajipur city has a population of 147,688, out of which males were 78,047 and females were 69,641. The literacy rate was 76.80 per cent, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 82.45%, and female literacy is 70.47%. In Hajipur, 14.15% of the population is under 6 years of age. The sex ratio of 892 females per 1,000 males was lower than the national average of 944.[32][33]

See also: List of cities in Bihar
Religions in Hajipur
Hinduism
 
 85.84%
Islam
 
 13.86%
Christianity
 
 0.13%
Buddhist
 
 0.04%
Jainism
 
 0.01%
Others♦
 
 0.00%
Distribution of religions
♦Includes Sikhs (0.02%).

♦ Source:[34]

Economy

The economy of Hajipur is largely service orientated, but it also has an agricultural base and industrial sector. As of 2011, service accounts for 55%, industry 9% and agriculture 35% of the economy of the city.[35]

As of 2010, there are several upcoming construction projects from private and public sectors with three new bridges connecting to Patna.[36]

The Export Promotion Industrial Park, is a multiple-product export processing zone in East India developed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Government of Bihar and by the administrative body BIADA located in Hajipur, Bihar, In the administrative Vaishali district, has 94 acres (38 ha; 0.147 sq mi) of land with modern infrastructure.[37][38][39][40]

See also: Export Promotion Park of India, Hajipur

Places of interest

Ramchaura Mandir

Ramchaura Mandir

The Ramchaura Mandir is a Hindu Temple in the city of Hajipur, Bihar, India. Dedicated to Lord Rama, it is located at Rambhadra near Helabazar, Hajipur. As per local folklore, it is said to have been in existence since Ramayana period and Lord Shri Ram is believed to have visited this place on his way to Janakpur, where his footprints are worshiped. The Ramchaura Mandir has tradition of celebrating Rama Navami, the birth anniversary of Rama, every year. A small fair is also organised on the eve of Rama Navami. Archeological objects excavated from Ramchaura are kept at the Patna Museum.[41]

Kaun Haara Ghat

It is considered one of the main ghats of Ganga-Gandak, where worshiping and cremation has been performed for centuries. This ghat has got its name based on an ancient legend. According to this legend, "The famous fight of Gaja (elephant)-Graah (crocodile), which is well covered in Indian scriptures, is the reason behind people asking -kaun haara. Hence the name- Kaunhara ghat. Scriptures tell that Lord Vishnu had to interfere in the fight to save his devotee Gajaraj, who was being drowned by crocodile. Both Gaja and Graah were gandharvas. But due to some curse they became Gaja and Graah. Lord Visnu killed Graah to give him instant salvation, and saved life Of Gajaraj.

The depiction of fighting Gaja Graah is an emblem for the city, and is prominently shown on the Hajipur railway station's dome, and other notable places.[42]

Nepali Mandir

Nepali Chhawani Mandir

The temple locates west of Hajipur, on the confluence of the Ganges and the Gandak is situated this unique Shaivite shrine. Made in the late medieval period (18th century), by (Mathabarsingh Thapa), the temple brings-in a fresh pagoda-style architecture of the Himalaya Kingdom to the plains of the Ganges. This temple is built largely of wood. Another distinctive feature of this temple is its fine wooden carving. Both in style and finish, largely drawn in from the Himalayan world of architecture, Nepali Temple at Hajipur remains quite singular and inimitable.[43]

Pataleshwar Mandir

Dedicated to Lord Shiva, Pataleshwar Mandir is located at Jadhua Road, Hajipur. As per local folklore, it is said to have been in existence since ancient period and Lord Shiva is believed to be in the form of Lingam here.[44]

Bateshwar Nath Temple

Oldest temple of Bihar, India, which is dedicated of Lord Shiva and Situated in East of Hajipur, Bihar, India. As per local folklore, it is said to have been in existence since Mughal Empire and it appeared in middle of thousand year old banyan tree and interesting tale about the temple was self constructed Temple. The Bateshwar Nath Temple has tradition of celebrating Vasant Panchami Festival every year in (February/March) . A small fair is also organized on the eve of Maha Shivratri for 1 months. It is a great place to visit for peace of Mind in middle of Agricultural Land that give you a feel of spirituality.[45]

Baithakji Hajipur

Lord Krishna temple Baithakji Hajipur (Aacharya Prabhuji Ki Baithak) is one of the oldest temple of Hajipur.There are 84 Mahaprabhuji Baithaks in India. Shri Mahaprabhuji graced this earth for 52 years and 2 months during which thrice aapshri toured India barefoot only to spread the principles of Pushtimarg.[46] Conducting Shrimad Bhagwat seminars, debating with scholars and heads of other religions and establishing the ethics of "Shudhadvaita Brahmavada" was a great task that aapshri undertook. Till date also innumerable vaishnavs travel by rail and road to visit these Baithaks, at times travelling on hazardous roads leading to remotely situated Baithaks in forests and on mountains and take immense divine pleasure in paying respects to Shri Mahaprabhuji and performing any given tasks (Seva).[47][48][49]

Mahatma Gandhi Setu

View of Mahatma Gandhi Setu.

The Mahatma Gandhi Setu (bridge) is the important link between north and south Bihar. It has been constructed over the Ganges near village Jadhua and connects Hajipur with Patna.[50] This is one of longest river bridge of Asia having length of 5.75 km.[51] The four lane prestressed RCC bridge was commissioned into service during the year 1982. Traveller get an enthralling experience and panoramic view of lush green banana plantations by Crossing the bridge.[52][53]

Sonepur Cattle Fair

Located opposite Hajipur, is a small place of Sonepur where the fortnight long Sonepur Cattle Fair is held every year starting from Kartik full moon day (October/November). The place goes lively at the onset of winter with the mass holy deep in river Gandak by Hindu at Kaun-hara Ghat. Besides being claimed as the biggest animal fair in Asia, the fair entertain visitors with circus, Tamasha (folk plays), Nautanki (folk dances) and sell everything from elephants to birds; agricultural equipment to vanity items; winter garments to wooden furnitures. Government Department of Rural Development, Department of Agriculture etc. organises training and exhibitions for the farmers coming from all over. The visitors can stay in hotels at Hajipur or they can hire luxury Swiss cottages erected on sand dunes beside river Gandak. The tent and cottages are provided by Department of State Tourism only during the fair.[54]

Vaishali Mahotsava

Ancient village of Vaishali is located 35 km North-West of Hajipur. The place can be reached by road and offers many archaeological places to see which includes Buddha Stupa, Pillars of Ashoka, Abhisek Puskarani (coronation Tank of Vajji Rulers) etc. Vaishali Mahotsava (great celebration) is held every year on Baisakh Purnima (Full Moon Day of 1st Hindu Month) during mid-April to celebrate the birth anniversary of 24th Jain Tirthankar Lord Mahavir who born here in the village Kundalpur, 4 km from Vaishali. The soil of this land is blessed by the visit of Lord Buddha twice during 3rd century BC.[55][56]

Education and research

Notable institutes

Colleges

Schools

Non-government organization

Hariyali (An Initiative for Development) is an active NGO in the city. Hariyali has been carrying out need based welfare and integrated programs of development for rural poor and needy especially belonging to marginalized and under privileged sections,[76] The NGO primarily focusses on the development of the rural economy through revival of the agriculture and cottage industry.

Notable people

Sports

Transport

Hajipur city has a modern railway zonal office.[79] It is the headquarters of the East Central Railway Zone of the Indian Railways.[80]

Hajipur railway station is the headquarters of East Central Railway Zone. Three rail lines connect it to Muzaffarpur, Chhapra, and Barauni. Important trains like Guwahati Rajdhani Express (12235/12236), Vaishali Express (12553/12554), Bihar Sampark Kranti Superfast Express (12565/12566), Garib Rath Express (12203/12204), Swatantra Sainani Superfast Express (12561/12562), Sabarmati Express (19165/19166), Lohit Express (15651/15652), Lichchavi Express (14005/14006) and all other trains passing through this route have stoppages here.[81]

Nearest Airport

Roads

Hajipur is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major highways are:

  • NH 19[83] touches the city and connects it to Chhapra which further joinsGhazipur city in U.P. NH 19 starts from Patna and is connected further with Gaya and BodhGaya through state highway.[84]
  • NH 77 connects Hajipur to Sonbarsa (Nepal border) via Muzaffarpur and Sitamarhi
  • Kacchi Dargah-Bidupur Bridge is a big project of Bihar.The bridge is construction Planning in 2015-2020(expected).The chief minister of Bihar shri Nitish Kumar is an announced by 23 August 2015.This bridge is connecting two major national highway 103 and national highway 30.[85] This bridge will be the longest bridge in India after completion.[86]
  • NH 103 Starts from Hajipur and joins NH 28A at Musri Gharari (Samastipur) via Jandaha.
  • SH 74 connects Hajipur to Lalganj, Vaishali.
  • SH 49 connects Hajipur to Mahuaa, Tajpur, Samastipur.
  • SH 93 connects Hajipur to Mahnar, Mohiuddinnagar.

Bus services are available from Hajipur to Patna (10 km), Muzaffarpur (52 km), Kumar Bajitpur (40 km) Chhapra (60 km), Siwan (123 km), Samastipur (65 km), Motihari (136 km), Bettiah etc.

Media

Hindi and English newspapers are easily available in the city, including Dainik Jagran, Hindustan, Prabhat Khabar, The Telegraph , Dainik Bhaskar,[87] The Times of India, Hindustan Times,[88] The Economic Times and The Indian Express.[88] There is also the Hindi and English mixed Newspaper Tabloid Inext.[89]

TV programming is provided by regional news channels like Sahara Samay Channel, ETV Bihar, DD Bihar.[90] There are several news programmes broadcast by local cable operators in city areas and all renowned channels are broadcast in each corner of the city areas .

Hajipur has the following FM radio stations:

Utility services

Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited. The city forms the North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited (Nbpdcl),[93] Operated by Bihar State Electricity Board.

Direct–to–home (DTH) is available via DD Free Dish, Airtel digital TV, Dish TV, Tata Sky, Videocon d2h, Sun Direct and Reliance Digital TV.[94]

Hajipur has its own home network of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL),[95] India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Both Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services are available.[96] Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides broadband internet service.[97] Among private enterprises, Bharti Airtel, Reliance, Idea Cellular, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Tata Teleservices, Virgin Mobile, Uninor, Vodafone and Videocon Telecom[98] are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city.[99][100]

Direction board

See also

References

  1. ^ Hajipur is the learning hub of the state housing two central government institutes hajipuronline.in
  2. ^ Government of Bihar (Hajipur) census2011.co.in
  3. ^ Haider Ali is the chairman of Hajipur Nagar Parisad hajipur.biharurban.in
  4. ^ Ram Vilas Paswan won 2014 lok Sabha election (Hajipur) elections.in
  5. ^ Total area of Hajipur including urban and rural as on (2001) Page-24 PDF censusindia.gov.in access date-2011
  6. ^ Elevation details of Hajipur city hajipuronline.in
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  8. ^ Hindi is official language of Hajipur hajipuronline.in
  9. ^ Hajipur spoken languages onefivenine.com
  10. ^ Human sex ratio of Hajipur census2011.co.in access date- 2011
  11. ^ International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (Hajipur) maps-street view.com
  12. ^ Tirhut Division Official website tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in
  13. ^ Vaishali district is also known as Hajipur district gov.bih.nic.in
  14. ^ District rank in Bihar in terms of growth business-standard.com
  15. ^ Hajipur- City of Banana timesofindia.com Retrieved-(2001-11-20)
  16. ^ "CDP Patna" (PDF). Infrastructure Professionals Enterprise (P) Ltd, C - 2, Green Park Extension, New Delhi – 110016, INDIA. PATNA — Urban Development Department. July 2006. pp. 20, 21 (area) 52 (metropolis), 31 (geography). Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  17. ^ "Growth goes west, south & green Master plan to add more areas". The Telegraph (Calcutta). 13 February 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
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  84. ^ CDP-Hajipur PDF
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