Air Canada: Difference between revisions
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Clarify meaning of 4 star |
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{{plainlist| |
{{plainlist| |
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* [[Air Canada Express]] |
* [[Air Canada Express]] |
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* [[Air Canada |
* [[Air Canada Rouge]] |
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* [[Air Canada Cargo]] |
* [[Air Canada Cargo]] |
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|affiliates = |
|affiliates = |
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* [[Air Canada Express]] |
* [[Air Canada Express]] |
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}} |
}} |
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|fleet_size = |
|fleet_size = 174 <small>(mainline)</small> |
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|destinations = 182 <small>(incl. subsidiaries)</small> |
|destinations = 182 <small>(incl. subsidiaries)</small> |
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|major shareholder = [[ACE Aviation Holdings]] |
|major shareholder = [[ACE Aviation Holdings]] |
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| operating_income = {{increase}} CAN$815 million (2014)<ref name="FY2014"/> |
| operating_income = {{increase}} CAN$815 million (2014)<ref name="FY2014"/> |
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| net_income = {{increase}} CAN$105 million (2014)<ref name="FY2014"/> |
| net_income = {{increase}} CAN$105 million (2014)<ref name="FY2014"/> |
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| assets = {{increase}} CAN$ |
| assets = {{increase}} CAN$9.470 billion (2013)<ref name="FY2013"/> |
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| equity = {{increase}} CAN$-1. |
| equity = {{increase}} CAN$-1.460 billion (2013)<ref name="FY2013"/> |
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| num_employees = 27,000 (2013)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/acfamily/ | title=Air Canada Corporate Profile | accessdate=17 May 2014 | publisher=Air Canada}}</ref> |
| num_employees = 27,000 (2013)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/acfamily/ | title=Air Canada Corporate Profile | accessdate=17 May 2014 | publisher=Air Canada}}</ref> |
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|website = {{URL|aircanada.com}} |
|website = {{URL|aircanada.com}} |
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}} |
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'''Air Canada''' ({{tsx|AC}}) is the [[flag carrier]] and [[List of largest airlines in North America|largest airline]] of [[Canada]]. The [[airline]], founded in 1937, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 178 destinations worldwide. It is the [[World's largest airlines|world's ninth-largest passenger airline]] by fleet size, and is a founding member of the [[Star Alliance]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/meta/airlines/AC.html | title=Star Alliance Member Airline - Air Canada | accessdate=4 April 2009 | publisher=[[Star Alliance]] | archiveurl= |
'''Air Canada''' ({{tsx|AC}}) is the [[flag carrier]] and [[List of largest airlines in North America|largest airline]] of [[Canada]]. The [[airline]], founded in 1937, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 178 destinations worldwide. It is the [[World's largest airlines|world's ninth-largest passenger airline]] by fleet size, and the airline is a founding member of the [[Star Alliance]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/meta/airlines/AC.html | title=Star Alliance Member Airline - Air Canada | accessdate=4 April 2009 | publisher=[[Star Alliance]] | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090417050258/http://www.staralliance.com/en/meta/airlines/AC.html| archivedate= 17 April 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Air Canada's corporate headquarters are located in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]],<ref>"[http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/investor/contacts.html Investors Contacts]" ''Air Canada''. Retrieved on 18 May 2009.</ref> while its largest hub is [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]], located in [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]]. Air Canada had passenger revenues of [[Canadian dollar|CA$]]13.27 billion in 2014.<ref name="FY2014">{{cite web|title=Air Canada 2014 Annual Report|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/investor/documents/2014_ar.pdf|website=aircanada.cin|publisher=Air Canada}}</ref> The airline's regional service is [[Air Canada Express]]. |
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Canada's national airline originated from the [[Government of Canada|Canadian federal government]]'s 1936 creation of [[Trans-Canada Airlines]] (TCA), which began operating their first [[transcontinental flight]] routes in 1938. In 1965, TCA was renamed Air Canada following government approval. After the [[Airline deregulation|deregulation]] of the Canadian airline market in the 1980s, the airline was privatized in 1988. On |
Canada's national airline originated from the [[Government of Canada|Canadian federal government]]'s 1936 creation of [[Trans-Canada Airlines]] (TCA), which began operating their first [[transcontinental flight]] routes in 1938. In 1965, TCA was renamed Air Canada following government approval. After the [[Airline deregulation|deregulation]] of the Canadian airline market in the 1980s, the airline was privatized in 1988. On January 4, 2000, Air Canada acquired their largest rival, [[Canadian Airlines]]. In 2003, the airline filed for [[bankruptcy in Canada|bankruptcy protection]] and in the following year emerged and reorganized under the holding company [[ACE Aviation Holdings|ACE Aviation Holdings Inc.]] In 2006, 34 million people flew with Air Canada as the airline celebrated their 70th anniversary. Air Canada is recognized as the [[Skytrax]] Best International Airline in North America, and was ranked as a 4 Star Airline by Skytrax in 2013 with a rating of 5/10.<ref>{{cite web|last=Skytrax|first=Customer Reviews|title=Air Canada Passenger Trip Reviews|url=http://www.airlinequality.com/Forum/air_can.htm|publisher=Skytrax|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |
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Air Canada has a [[Air Canada#Fleet|fleet]] of [[Airbus A330]], [[Boeing 767]], [[Boeing 777]], and [[Boeing 787]] [[Wide-body aircraft|wide-body]] [[Jet airliners|jetliners]] on [[Flight length|long-haul]] routes and uses the [[Airbus A320 family]] aircraft, including the A319, A320, and A321 variations, and Embraer [[Embraer E-Jets|E190]] family aircraft on short-haul routes. The carrier's operating divisions include Air Canada Cargo, [[Air Canada Express]] and [[Air Canada |
Air Canada has a [[Air Canada#Fleet|fleet]] of [[Airbus A330]], [[Boeing 767]], [[Boeing 777]], and [[Boeing 787]] [[Wide-body aircraft|wide-body]] [[Jet airliners|jetliners]] on [[Flight length|long-haul]] routes and uses the [[Airbus A320 family]] aircraft, including the A319, A320, and A321 variations, and Embraer [[Embraer E-Jets|E190]] family aircraft on short-haul routes. The carrier's operating divisions include Air Canada Cargo, [[Air Canada Express]] and [[Air Canada Rouge]]. Their subsidiary, Air Canada Vacations, provides vacation packages to over 90 destinations. Together with their regional partners, the airline operates on average more than 1,530 scheduled flights daily.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Air Canada - Corporate Profile|publisher = Air Canada|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/acfamily/index.html|accessdate=11 November 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100211164648/http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/acfamily/index.html|archivedate=11 February 2010<!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:L-10A Electra at WCAM.JPG|thumb|Lockheed Model 10A '''Electra''' "CF-TCC" in [[Trans-Canada Air Lines]] livery at the [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]]]] |
[[File:L-10A Electra at WCAM.JPG|thumb|Lockheed Model 10A '''Electra''' "CF-TCC" in [[Trans-Canada Air Lines]] livery at the [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]]]] |
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Air Canada's predecessor, [[Trans-Canada Airlines]] (TCA), was created by federal legislation as a subsidiary of [[Canadian National Railway]] (CNR) on 11 April 1936.<ref name=CBCHist /> The newly created [[Transport Canada|Department of Transport]] under [[Minister of Transport (Canada)|Minister]] [[C. D. Howe]] desired an airline under government control to link cities on the Atlantic coast to those on the Pacific coast. Using $5 million in Crown seed money, two [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]]s and one [[Stearman Aircraft|Boeing Stearman]] biplane were purchased from [[Canadian Airways]]<ref name="CBC timeline">{{cite news | title=Indepth: Air Canada Timeline | date=20 June 2005 | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aircanada/timeline.html | publisher=[[CBC News]] | accessdate=4 April 2009 | deadurl=yes |archiveurl= |
Air Canada's predecessor, [[Trans-Canada Airlines]] (TCA), was created by federal legislation as a subsidiary of [[Canadian National Railway]] (CNR) on 11 April 1936.<ref name=CBCHist /> The newly created [[Transport Canada|Department of Transport]] under [[Minister of Transport (Canada)|Minister]] [[C. D. Howe]] desired an airline under government control to link cities on the Atlantic coast to those on the Pacific coast. Using $5 million in Crown seed money, two [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]]s and one [[Stearman Aircraft|Boeing Stearman]] biplane were purchased from [[Canadian Airways]]<ref name="CBC timeline">{{cite news | title=Indepth: Air Canada Timeline | date=20 June 2005 | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aircanada/timeline.html | publisher=[[CBC News]] | accessdate=4 April 2009 | deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060421035635/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aircanada/timeline.html |archivedate=2006-04-21}}</ref> and experienced airline executives from [[United Airlines]] and [[American Airlines]] were brought in.<ref name=CBCHist>{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aircanada/history.html | title=Air Canada History | publisher=[[CBC News]] | date=14 May 2004 | accessdate=4 April 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090331113445/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aircanada/history.html| archivedate= 31 March 2009| deadurl=no}}</ref> |
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Passenger flights began on 1 September 1937, with an Electra carrying two passengers and mail from [[Vancouver]] to [[Seattle]], a $14.20 round trip,<ref name=CBCHist /> and, on 1 July 1938, TCA hired their first flight attendants.<ref name=makingTCA>Mills, Albert J, Mills, Jean Helms. ''Masculinity and the Making of Trans-Canada Air Lines, 1937-1940: A Feminist Poststructuralist Account''. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, March 2006. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3981/is_200603/ai_n17179192/pg_3 findarticles.com] Date accessed: 18 October 2007</ref> Transcontinental routes from Montreal to Vancouver began on 1 April 1939, using 12 [[Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]]s and six [[Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar]]s.<ref name="CBC timeline"/> By January 1940, the airline had grown to about 500 employees.<ref name=makingTCA/> |
Passenger flights began on 1 September 1937, with an Electra carrying two passengers and mail from [[Vancouver]] to [[Seattle]], a $14.20 round trip,<ref name=CBCHist /> and, on 1 July 1938, TCA hired their first flight attendants.<ref name=makingTCA>Mills, Albert J, Mills, Jean Helms. ''Masculinity and the Making of Trans-Canada Air Lines, 1937-1940: A Feminist Poststructuralist Account''. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, March 2006. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3981/is_200603/ai_n17179192/pg_3 findarticles.com] Date accessed: 18 October 2007</ref> Transcontinental routes from Montreal to Vancouver began on 1 April 1939, using 12 [[Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]]s and six [[Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar]]s.<ref name="CBC timeline"/> By January 1940, the airline had grown to about 500 employees.<ref name=makingTCA/> |
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[[Canadian Pacific Airlines]] (CP Air) suggested in 1942 a merger with TCA. Prime Minister [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] rejected the proposal and introduced legislation regulating TCA as the only airline in Canada allowed to provide transcontinental flights. With the increase in air travel after [[World War II]], CP Air was granted one coast-to-coast flight and a few international routes.<ref name=CBCHist /> |
[[Canadian Pacific Airlines]] (CP Air) suggested in 1942 a merger with TCA. Prime Minister [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] rejected the proposal and introduced legislation regulating TCA as the only airline in Canada allowed to provide transcontinental flights. With the increase in air travel after [[World War II]], CP Air was granted one coast-to-coast flight and a few international routes.<ref name=CBCHist /> |
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Originally headquartered in [[Winnipeg]], which was also the site of the national maintenance base, the federal government moved TCA's headquarters to [[Montreal]] in 1949; the maintenance base later also moved east. With the development of the [[ReserVec]] in 1953, TCA became the first airline in the world to use a [[computer reservation system]] with remote terminals.<ref>John Vardalas, "[http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/fp6000/fp6000_datar.html From DATAR to the FP-6000]", ''IEEE Annals of the History of Computing'', Vol 16 No 2, 1994, pp. 20-30</ref><ref name=awst>{{cite web|url=http://www.atwonline.com/magazine/article.html?articleID=2051|title=Air Canada: Celebrating 70 Years of Leadership|publisher=Aviation Week & Space Technology|accessdate=11 January 2010| archiveurl= |
Originally headquartered in [[Winnipeg]], which was also the site of the national maintenance base, the federal government moved TCA's headquarters to [[Montreal]] in 1949; the maintenance base later also moved east. With the development of the [[ReserVec]] in 1953, TCA became the first airline in the world to use a [[computer reservation system]] with remote terminals.<ref>John Vardalas, "[http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/fp6000/fp6000_datar.html From DATAR to the FP-6000]", ''IEEE Annals of the History of Computing'', Vol 16 No 2, 1994, pp. 20-30</ref><ref name=awst>{{cite web|url=http://www.atwonline.com/magazine/article.html?articleID=2051|title=Air Canada: Celebrating 70 Years of Leadership|publisher=Aviation Week & Space Technology|accessdate=11 January 2010| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100115010750/http://atwonline.com/magazine/article.html?articleID=2051| archivedate=15 January 2010| deadurl=no}}</ref> |
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By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canada's national airline and, in 1964, [[Jean Chrétien]] submitted a [[private member's bill]] to change the name of the airline from Trans-Canada Airlines to ''Air Canada'', which TCA had long used as its French-language name. This bill failed but it was later resubmitted and passed, with the name change taking effect on 1 January 1965.<ref name="CBC timeline" /> [[Elizabeth II]], the reigning [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen of Canada]], flew on the first aircraft to bear the name and livery of Air Canada when she departed for the United Kingdom at the end of her 1964 tour of Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Ontario in 1964.<ref>{{cite AV media| people=Sparling, Gordon; Bala, Nicholas| title=The Queen in Canada| medium=Digital video| publisher=National Film Board of |
By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canada's national airline and, in 1964, [[Jean Chrétien]] submitted a [[private member's bill]] to change the name of the airline from Trans-Canada Airlines to ''Air Canada'', which TCA had long used as its French-language name. This bill failed but it was later resubmitted and passed, with the name change taking effect on 1 January 1965.<ref name="CBC timeline" /> [[Elizabeth II]], the reigning [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen of Canada]], flew on the first aircraft to bear the name and livery of Air Canada when she departed for the United Kingdom at the end of her 1964 tour of Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Ontario in 1964.<ref>{{cite AV media| people=Sparling, Gordon; Bala, Nicholas| title=The Queen in Canada| medium=Digital video| publisher=National Film Board of Caanda| location=Ottawa| date=1964| url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/queen_in_canada_1964}}</ref> |
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===1970s and 1980s: early years=== |
===1970s and 1980s: early years=== |
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|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Air-Canada-Company-History.html|title=Air Canada – Company History|year=2009|publisher= ''International Directory of Company Histories''|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref> Short-haul carriers were each restricted to one of five regions, and could not compete directly with Air Canada and CP Air.<ref name=AChist/> CP Air was subject to capacity limits on intercontinental flights, and restricted from domestic operations. Air Canada's fares were also subject to regulation by the government.<ref name=AChist/> |
|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Air-Canada-Company-History.html|title=Air Canada – Company History|year=2009|publisher= ''International Directory of Company Histories''|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref> Short-haul carriers were each restricted to one of five regions, and could not compete directly with Air Canada and CP Air.<ref name=AChist/> CP Air was subject to capacity limits on intercontinental flights, and restricted from domestic operations. Air Canada's fares were also subject to regulation by the government.<ref name=AChist/> |
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In the late 1970s, with reorganization at CNR, Air Canada became an independent [[Crown corporation]]. The ''Air Canada Act'' of 1978 ensured that the carrier would compete on a more equal footing with rival regional airlines and CP Air, and ended the government's direct regulatory control over Air Canada's routings, fares, and services.<ref name=AChist/> The act also transferred ownership from Canadian National Railway to a subsidiary of the national government.<ref name="CBCHist"/> Deregulation of the Canadian airline market, under the new ''National Transportation Act, 1987'' officially opened the airline market in Canada to equal competition.<ref>{{cite web | work=The Canadian Airline Industry | date=14 November 2002 | first=John | last=Christopher | first2=Joseph P. | last2=Dion | url=http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/CIR/892-e.htm | accessdate=4 April 2009 | title=Issue Definition | publisher=Government of Canada / Depository Services Program }}</ref> The carrier's fleet expansion saw the acquisition of [[Boeing 727]], [[Boeing 747]], and [[Lockheed Tristar]] jetliners.<ref name=awst/> In 1978 [[Judy Cameron]] became the first female pilot hired to fly for any major Canadian carrier when she was hired to fly by Air Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tgblogsite.com/captaincraig/?tag=flight-training-organization&paged=4 |title=Flight Training Organization | How To Become A Commercial Pilot - Part 4 |publisher=Tgblogsite.com |date=10 |
In the late 1970s, with reorganization at CNR, Air Canada became an independent [[Crown corporation]]. The ''Air Canada Act'' of 1978 ensured that the carrier would compete on a more equal footing with rival regional airlines and CP Air, and ended the government's direct regulatory control over Air Canada's routings, fares, and services.<ref name=AChist/> The act also transferred ownership from Canadian National Railway to a subsidiary of the national government.<ref name="CBCHist"/> Deregulation of the Canadian airline market, under the new ''National Transportation Act, 1987'' officially opened the airline market in Canada to equal competition.<ref>{{cite web | work=The Canadian Airline Industry | date=14 November 2002 | first=John | last=Christopher | first2=Joseph P. | last2=Dion | url=http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/CIR/892-e.htm | accessdate=4 April 2009 | title=Issue Definition | publisher=Government of Canada / Depository Services Program }}</ref> The carrier's fleet expansion saw the acquisition of [[Boeing 727]], [[Boeing 747]], and [[Lockheed Tristar]] jetliners.<ref name=awst/> In 1978 [[Judy Cameron]] became the first female pilot hired to fly for any major Canadian carrier when she was hired to fly by Air Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tgblogsite.com/captaincraig/?tag=flight-training-organization&paged=4 |title=Flight Training Organization | How To Become A Commercial Pilot - Part 4 |publisher=Tgblogsite.com |date=1978-04-10 |accessdate=2015-05-23}}</ref> |
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[[File:Vickers Viscount 757 CF-THN AC TOR 26.03.71 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|Air Canada [[Vickers Viscount]] turboprop being prepared for departure from Toronto in 1971]] |
[[File:Vickers Viscount 757 CF-THN AC TOR 26.03.71 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|Air Canada [[Vickers Viscount]] turboprop being prepared for departure from Toronto in 1971]] |
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[[File:Air Canada 747-133.jpg|thumb|left|Air Canada [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-100]] in 1965-1988 livery]] |
[[File:Air Canada 747-133.jpg|thumb|left|Air Canada [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-100]] in 1965-1988 livery]] |
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With new fleet expenditures outpacing earnings, Air Canada officials indicated that the carrier would need additional sources of capital to fund their modernisation.<ref name=AChist/> By 1985 the Canadian government was indicating a willingness to privatise both Canadian National Railways and Air Canada.<ref name=AChist/> In 1988 Air Canada was privatised, and 43% of shares are sold on the public market,<ref name="CBC timeline"/> with the [[initial public offering]] completed in October of that year.<ref name=AChist/> By this time, long-haul rival [[CP Air]] had become [[Canadian Airlines International]] following their acquisition by [[Pacific Western Airlines]].<ref name=awst/> |
With new fleet expenditures outpacing earnings, Air Canada officials indicated that the carrier would need additional sources of capital to fund their modernisation.<ref name=AChist/> By 1985 the Canadian government was indicating a willingness to privatise both Canadian National Railways and Air Canada.<ref name=AChist/> In 1988 Air Canada was privatised, and 43% of shares are sold on the public market,<ref name="CBC timeline"/> with the [[initial public offering]] completed in October of that year.<ref name=AChist/> By this time, long-haul rival [[CP Air]] had become [[Canadian Airlines International]] following their acquisition by [[Pacific Western Airlines]].<ref name=awst/> |
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On 7 December 1987, Air Canada became the first airline in the world with a fleet-wide non-smoking policy,<ref name=ACInnov>{{cite web | title=Air Canada Innovations | publisher=Air Canada | url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/media/facts/innovations.html | accessdate=24 May 2009| archiveurl= |
On 7 December 1987, Air Canada became the first airline in the world with a fleet-wide non-smoking policy,<ref name=ACInnov>{{cite web | title=Air Canada Innovations | publisher=Air Canada | url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/media/facts/innovations.html | accessdate=24 May 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090430030117/http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/media/facts/innovations.html| archivedate= 30 April 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> and in 1989 became completely [[privatisation|privatised]].<ref name="CBC timeline"/> The successful privatisation effort was aided by a public relations effort led by company president Claude I. Taylor and chief executive officer Pierre J. Jeanniot.<ref name=AChist/> |
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===1990s: strategic changes=== |
===1990s: strategic changes=== |
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[[File:aircanada.b767-300er.c-ggmx.arp.jpg|thumb|1993-2004 livery on a [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]]]] |
[[File:aircanada.b767-300er.c-ggmx.arp.jpg|thumb|1993-2004 livery on a [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]]]] |
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In the early 1990s, Air Canada encountered financial difficulties as the airline industry slumped in the aftermath of the [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]].<ref name=awst/> In response, the airline restructured management |
In the early 1990s, Air Canada encountered financial difficulties as the airline industry slumped in the aftermath of the [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]].<ref name=awst/> In response, the airline restructured management, hiring former [[Delta Air Lines]] executive Hollis L. Harris as its CEO. Harris restructured the airline's operations, reduced management positions, moved the corporate headquarters to [[Dorval Airport]],<ref name=awst/> and sold the ''[[enRoute (credit card)|enRoute]]'' card business to [[Diners Club]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEED8163BF934A15750C0A964958260 | title=Air Canada Sells Credit Card Unit | publisher=''[[The New York Times]]'' | accessdate=24 May 2009 | date=27 March 1992}}</ref> By 1994, Air Canada had returned to profitability.<ref name=awst/> The same year also saw the carrier winning route access to fly from Canada to the new [[Kansai Airport]] in Osaka, Japan.<ref name=awst/> |
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In 1995, taking advantage of a new U.S.-Canada [[open skies]] agreement, Air Canada added 30 new trans-border routes.<ref name=awst/> In May 1997, Air Canada became a founding member of the [[Star Alliance]], with the airline launching [[codesharing|codeshares]] with several of the alliance's members. The second half of the 1990s saw the airline earn consistent profits, totaling $1 billion for the 1997 to 1999 period.<ref name=awst/> |
In 1995, taking advantage of a new U.S.-Canada [[open skies]] agreement, Air Canada added 30 new trans-border routes.<ref name=awst/> In May 1997, Air Canada became a founding member of the [[Star Alliance]], with the airline launching [[codesharing|codeshares]] with several of the alliance's members. The second half of the 1990s saw the airline earn consistent profits, totaling $1 billion for the 1997 to 1999 period.<ref name=awst/> |
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====Fleet modernization==== |
====Fleet modernization==== |
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On 31 October 2004, the last Air Canada [[Boeing 747]] flight landed in [[Toronto]] from [[Frankfurt]] as AC873, ending 33 years of 747 service with the airline. The [[Boeing 747-400]] fleet was replaced by the [[Airbus A340]] fleet.<ref>[http://www.aircanada.com/en/onair/december/aviation.html Aviation giant retires - onAir, December 2004, aircanada.com] Date accessed: 6 November 2008</ref> On 19 October 2005 Air Canada unveiled a new aircraft colour scheme and uniforms. A Boeing 767-300ER was painted in the new silver-blue colour, and the |
On 31 October 2004, the last Air Canada [[Boeing 747]] flight landed in [[Toronto]] from [[Frankfurt]] as AC873, ending 33 years of 747 service with the airline. The [[Boeing 747-400]] fleet was replaced by the [[Airbus A340]] fleet.<ref>[http://www.aircanada.com/en/onair/december/aviation.html Aviation giant retires - onAir, December 2004, aircanada.com] Date accessed: 6 November 2008</ref> On 19 October 2005 Air Canada unveiled a new aircraft colour scheme and uniforms. A Boeing 767-300ER was painted in the new silver-blue colour, and the black tail was replaced with a new version of the [[maple]] leaf known as the 'Frosted Leaf'.<ref name="ACnewlook">[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/air-canada-unveils-new-look-and-leading-edge-in-flight-enhancements-canadian-superstar-celine-dion-joins-employees-to-launch-new-era-for-nations-flag-carrier-74402422.html Air Canada unveils New Look and Leading Edge In-Flight Enhancements, Canadian Superstar Celine Dion joins Employees to Launch New era for Nation's Flag Carrier, prnewswire.com, 19 October 2004] Date accessed: 23 May 2014</ref> |
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[[File:Air Canada Boeing 777-200LR Toronto takeoff.jpg|thumb|left|Air Canada's [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200LR]], the longest-ranged airliner in the world for [[Flight length#Long-haul flights|long-haul flights]].]] |
[[File:Air Canada Boeing 777-200LR Toronto takeoff.jpg|thumb|left|Air Canada's [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200LR]], the longest-ranged airliner in the world for [[Flight length#Long-haul flights|long-haul flights]].]] |
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{{Wikinews|Boeing secures $11bn of aircraft deals}} |
{{Wikinews|Boeing secures $11bn of aircraft deals}} |
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On 24 April 2007, Air Canada exercised half of their options for the [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]. The firm order for the Dreamliners is now at 37 plus 23 options, for a total of 60. This makes Air Canada the largest customer of the Dreamliner in North America and the third largest in the world (behind [[Qantas]] and [[All Nippon Airways]]). They also cancelled orders for two Boeing 777Fs. In November 2007, Air Canada leased an additional [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ER]] from [[ILFC]]. Air Canada has now taken delivery of the 18 Boeing 777s on order (12 -300ERs, 6 -200LRs) and still holds options for 16 more, totaling 34.<ref name="Boeing25Apr2008">{{cite news | title=Boeing, Air Canada Announce 23 Additional 787 Dreamliners | date=25 April 2007 | url=http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2007/q2/070425c_nr.html | accessdate=12 January 2010 | archiveurl= |
On 24 April 2007, Air Canada exercised half of their options for the [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]. The firm order for the Dreamliners is now at 37 plus 23 options, for a total of 60. This makes Air Canada the largest customer of the Dreamliner in North America and the third largest in the world (behind [[Qantas]] and [[All Nippon Airways]]). They also cancelled orders for two Boeing 777Fs. In November 2007, Air Canada leased an additional [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ER]] from [[ILFC]]. Air Canada has now taken delivery of the 18 Boeing 777s on order (12 -300ERs, 6 -200LRs) and still holds options for 16 more, totaling 34.<ref name="Boeing25Apr2008">{{cite news | title=Boeing, Air Canada Announce 23 Additional 787 Dreamliners | date=25 April 2007 | url=http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2007/q2/070425c_nr.html | accessdate=12 January 2010 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100119015327/http://boeing.com/news/releases/2007/q2/070425c_nr.html| archivedate= 19 January 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="Air Canada - Our Fleet">''Air Canada - Our Fleet'' 24 August 2009 [http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/ aircanada.com] Date accessed: 24 August 2009</ref> |
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Air Canada has also taken delivery of 15 [[Embraer]] [[Embraer E-Jets|175]]s and 45 [[Embraer E-Jets|Embraer 190]]s. These aircraft are being used to expand intra-Canada and Canada/USA routes. Air Canada will transfer all 15 [[Embraer]] [[Embraer E-Jets|175]]s to [[Sky Regional Airlines]] to fly them under the [[Air Canada Express]] brand. They will also transfer all [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A319-100]] and [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]] aircraft to [[Air Canada |
Air Canada has also taken delivery of 15 [[Embraer]] [[Embraer E-Jets|175]]s and 45 [[Embraer E-Jets|Embraer 190]]s. These aircraft are being used to expand intra-Canada and Canada/USA routes. Air Canada will transfer all 15 [[Embraer]] [[Embraer E-Jets|175]]s to [[Sky Regional Airlines]] to fly them under the [[Air Canada Express]] brand. They will also transfer all [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A319-100]] and [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]] aircraft to [[Air Canada Rouge]]. |
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Air Canada has also placed orders for 737 MAX single-aisle narrow body aircraft to replace it's existing fleet of Airbus A320 series aircraft with deliveries beginning in 2017. Some Airbus aircraft will be transferred to Rouge while the rest retired. As part of the deal, Boeing agreed to purchase 25 Embraer E190's from Air Canada that are slated to leave the fleet by 2016. Replacement aircraft for the E190's have yet to be ordered, although the C-Series has been a rumoured alternative. |
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====Project XM==== |
====Project XM==== |
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[[File:Entretenimiento a bordo de Air Canada.jpg|thumb|A |
[[File:Entretenimiento a bordo de Air Canada.jpg|thumb|A PTV on board an Air Canada aircraft (Project XM)]] |
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Started in July 2006 and now completed, ''Project XM: Extreme Makeover'', is a $300 million aircraft interior replacement project to install new cabins on all aircraft. New aircraft such as the [[Boeing 777]] are being delivered with the new cabins factory installed.<ref>[http://www.globelink.ca/industry/travel/article.asp?id=22 GlobeLink: Travel – Air Canada Embarks on Extreme Makeover - 13 March 2007] Date accessed 20 October 2008</ref> |
Started in July 2006 and now completed, ''Project XM: Extreme Makeover'', is a $300 million aircraft interior replacement project to install new cabins on all aircraft. New aircraft such as the [[Boeing 777]] are being delivered with the new cabins factory installed.<ref>[http://www.globelink.ca/industry/travel/article.asp?id=22 GlobeLink: Travel – Air Canada Embarks on Extreme Makeover - 13 March 2007] Date accessed 20 October 2008</ref> |
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===Financial difficulties=== |
===Financial difficulties=== |
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Since the late 2000s |
Since the late 2000s, Air Canada has been facing a number of financial difficulties, including the [[Late 2000s recession|global recession]], leading to speculation that they could file for bankruptcy, less than a decade after they exited bankruptcy on 30 September 2004.<ref>[http://www.financialpost.com/news-sectors/story.html?id=1563201 FP Story]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> |
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[[File:Embraer 190 C-FMZU at CYVR 20100518.jpg|thumb|left|Air Canada has |
[[File:Embraer 190 C-FMZU at CYVR 20100518.jpg|thumb|left|Air Canada has 45 [[Embraer E-Jets#E-190 and 195|Embraer ERJ-190]] aircraft]] |
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President and CEO [[Montie Brewer]] was replaced by Calin Rovinescu effective 1 April 2009.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jang|first1=Brent|title=Brewer resigns as Air Canada Chief|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/brewer-resigns-as-air-canada-chief/article1156460/|accessdate=25 |
President and CEO [[Montie Brewer]] was replaced by Calin Rovinescu effective 1 April 2009.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jang|first1=Brent|title=Brewer resigns as Air Canada Chief|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/brewer-resigns-as-air-canada-chief/article1156460/|accessdate=2015-01-25|publisher=Globe and Mail|date=March 31, 2009}}</ref> Rovinescu became the first Canadian President since [[Claude Taylor (transportation executive)|Claude Taylor]] in 1992. Rovinescu was Air Canada's chief restructuring officer during their 2003 bankruptcy, and he resigned that year after unions rejected his demands, and is reported to be "an enforcer".<ref>{{cite news|author=Canada |url=http://business.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090331.WBstreetwise20090331084002/WBStory/WBstreetwise |title=Air Canada drafts an enforcer "He's a fixer, and comfortable with confrontation, not an airline operator." |publisher=Business.theglobeandmail.com |date=31 March 2009 |accessdate=21 February 2011 |location=Toronto}}</ref> |
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Federal finance minister [[Jim Flaherty]] appointed retired judge James Farley, who had presided over Air Canada's 2003 bankruptcy, to mediate pension issues between the company and their unions and retirees. The contracts with four of their unions also expired around this time. The airline stated that their $2.85-billion pension shortfall (which grew from $1.2-billion in 2007) was a "liquidity risk" in its first-quarter report, and it required new financing and pension "relief" to conserve cash for 2010 operations. The company was obligated to pay $650-million into the pension fund but it suffered a 2009 Q1 loss of $400-million, so it requested a moratorium on its pension payments in 2009. The unions had insisted on financial guarantees before agreeing on a deal. |
Federal finance minister [[Jim Flaherty]] appointed retired judge James Farley, who had presided over Air Canada's 2003 bankruptcy, to mediate pension issues between the company and their unions and retirees. The contracts with four of their unions also expired around this time. The airline stated that their $2.85-billion pension shortfall (which grew from $1.2-billion in 2007) was a "liquidity risk" in its first-quarter report, and it required new financing and pension "relief" to conserve cash for 2010 operations. The company was obligated to pay $650-million into the pension fund but it suffered a 2009 Q1 loss of $400-million, so it requested a moratorium on its pension payments in 2009. The unions had insisted on financial guarantees before agreeing on a deal. |
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<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2009/06/04/air-canada-pension.html |title=Flaherty appoints ex-judge to mediate Air Canada pension issues |publisher=cbc.ca |date=4 June 2009 |accessdate=21 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607095926/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2009/06/04/air-canada-pension.html |archivedate= |
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2009/06/04/air-canada-pension.html |title=Flaherty appoints ex-judge to mediate Air Canada pension issues |publisher=cbc.ca |date=4 June 2009 |accessdate=21 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607095926/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2009/06/04/air-canada-pension.html |archivedate=2009-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialpost.com/news-sectors/Farley+flown+mediate+Canada+pension+talks/1662316/story.html |title=Farley flown in to mediate Air Canada pension talks |publisher=Financialpost.com |date= |accessdate=21 February 2011}}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> In December 2010, ACE sold 44 million of Air Canada shares,<ref>http://www.aceaviation.com/en/about/documents/ACE_history.pdf</ref> followed by the remaining 31 million shares in November 2012 to Cormark Securities Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://micro.newswire.ca/release.cgi?rkey=2011147913&view=65938-0&Start=10&htm=0|title=ACE Aviation|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> |
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In 2013, Air Canada's practice of systematic [[overbooking]] was exposed.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/couple-incensed-as-air-canada-overbooking-continues-1.1894951 |title=Couple incensed as Air Canada overbooking continues |publisher=cbc.ca |date=3 October 2013 |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref> This much-criticized strategy, in which "the same seat is sold to more than one person," <ref name="cbc.ca"/> thereby causing ticket-holding passengers to be bumped and left stranded, persuaded the federal government to consider adopting an airline passenger bill of rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/09/16/john-ivison-throne-speechs-consumers-first-agenda-will-likely-pit-tories-against-airlines-and-telcos/ |title=John Ivison: Throne Speech’s ‘consumers first’ agenda will likely pit Tories against airlines and telcos |publisher=nationalpost.com |date=17 September 2013 |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref> |
In 2013, Air Canada's practice of systematic [[overbooking]] was exposed.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/couple-incensed-as-air-canada-overbooking-continues-1.1894951 |title=Couple incensed as Air Canada overbooking continues |publisher=cbc.ca |date=3 October 2013 |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref> This much-criticized strategy, in which "the same seat is sold to more than one person," <ref name="cbc.ca"/> thereby causing ticket-holding passengers to be bumped and left stranded, persuaded the federal government to consider adopting an airline passenger bill of rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/09/16/john-ivison-throne-speechs-consumers-first-agenda-will-likely-pit-tories-against-airlines-and-telcos/ |title=John Ivison: Throne Speech’s ‘consumers first’ agenda will likely pit Tories against airlines and telcos |publisher=nationalpost.com |date=17 September 2013 |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref> |
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In November 2014 Air Canada pilots voted by a majority of 84% in favor of a 10-year contract that allows the country’s biggest passenger carrier to use arbitration or mediation to resolve disputes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marketbusinessnews.com/air-canada-pilots-vote-overwhelmingly-10-year-contract/36994 |title=Air Canada pilots vote overwhelmingly for 10-year contract |publisher=Market Business News |date=1 November 2014 |
In November 2014 Air Canada pilots voted by a majority of 84% in favor of a 10-year contract that allows the country’s biggest passenger carrier to use arbitration or mediation to resolve disputes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marketbusinessnews.com/air-canada-pilots-vote-overwhelmingly-10-year-contract/36994 |title=Air Canada pilots vote overwhelmingly for 10-year contract |publisher=Market Business News |date=1 November 2014}}</ref> |
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==Corporate affairs== |
==Corporate affairs== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|- style="text-align:center;" |
|- style="text-align:center;" |
||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | |
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! |
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!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2007</span> |
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!2007 |
|||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2008</span> |
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!2008 |
|||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2009</span> |
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!2009 |
|||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2010</span> |
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!2010 |
|||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2011</span> |
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!2011 |
|||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2012</span> |
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!2012 |
|||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2013</span> |
|||
!2013 |
|||
!style="background: #E0FFFF;" | <span style="color:#df0000;">2014</span> |
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!2014 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| Turnover ([[Canadian dollar|C$]]m) |
| Turnover ([[Canadian dollar|C$]]m) |
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Air Canada Vacations offers Executive Class service on select flights, nonstop flights from major Canadian cities and daily flights to many destinations.<ref name="subsidiaries">[http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/investor/documents/2007_FSN_q4.pdf Air Canada - Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes 2007 -subsidiaries p.7] Date accessed: 5 November 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.aircanadavacations.com/en/about_air_canada_vacations Air Canada Vacations - About Us, aircanadavacations.com] Date accessed: 31 October 2008</ref> |
Air Canada Vacations offers Executive Class service on select flights, nonstop flights from major Canadian cities and daily flights to many destinations.<ref name="subsidiaries">[http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/investor/documents/2007_FSN_q4.pdf Air Canada - Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes 2007 -subsidiaries p.7] Date accessed: 5 November 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.aircanadavacations.com/en/about_air_canada_vacations Air Canada Vacations - About Us, aircanadavacations.com] Date accessed: 31 October 2008</ref> |
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====Air Canada |
====Air Canada Rouge==== |
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{{main|Air Canada |
{{main|Air Canada Rouge}} |
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====Air Canada Express==== |
====Air Canada Express==== |
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Line 302: | Line 300: | ||
Launched in 2002, [[Air Canada Jetz]] is a charter service targeting sports teams, professional entertainers, and corporations. Air Canada Jetz fleet consists of two Airbus A319 in an all business class configuration.<ref>[http://www.aircanada.com/en/travelinfo/before/jetz/index.html Air Canada Jetz - About Us, aircanada.com] Date accessed: 17 May 2014</ref> |
Launched in 2002, [[Air Canada Jetz]] is a charter service targeting sports teams, professional entertainers, and corporations. Air Canada Jetz fleet consists of two Airbus A319 in an all business class configuration.<ref>[http://www.aircanada.com/en/travelinfo/before/jetz/index.html Air Canada Jetz - About Us, aircanada.com] Date accessed: 17 May 2014</ref> |
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In February 2014, Air Canada decided to leave the sports charter business.<ref>[http://www.ottawacitizen.com/sports/Senators+look+ride+road+games+Canada+exits+charter+business/9517466/story.html ottawacitizen.com - Senators look for a new ride to road games as Air Canada exits charter business]</ref> However, on |
In February 2014, Air Canada decided to leave the sports charter business.<ref>[http://www.ottawacitizen.com/sports/Senators+look+ride+road+games+Canada+exits+charter+business/9517466/story.html ottawacitizen.com - Senators look for a new ride to road games as Air Canada exits charter business]</ref> However, on March 17, 2014, Air Canada announced an agreement with several NHL teams to provide charter services under the Air Canada Jetz brand for 6 years starting from the 2015-2016 NHL season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Air Canada to Carry Canada's Top Professional Hockey Teams|url=http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=862|website=Air Canada Media Centre|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref> |
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===Former subsidiaries=== |
===Former subsidiaries=== |
||
* [[Air Canada Jazz]] |
* [[Air Canada Jazz]] |
||
[[File:AC Jazz CRJ705 YQR.jpg|thumb|Air Canada Jazz CRJ705 at [[Regina International Airport]]]] |
[[File:AC Jazz CRJ705 YQR.jpg|thumb|Air Canada Jazz CRJ705 at [[Regina International Airport]]]] |
||
In 2001, Air Canada consolidated their wholly owned regional carriers [[Air BC]], [[Air Nova]], [[Air Ontario]], and [[Canadian Regional Airlines]] into Air Canada Regional Incorporated. Several of these air carriers had previously operated a as "Air Canada Connector". In 2002, the consolidation was completed with the creation of a new brand, Air Canada Jazz. Air Canada Jazz was spun off in November 2006. ACE Aviation Holdings is no longer a shareholder of Jazz Aviation LP, making them an independent company. ''Air Canada Jazz'' was the brand name of Air Canada's main regional product from 2002-2011. As of June 2011, the ''Air Canada Jazz'' brand is no longer being marketed as all regional operators adopted the ''Air Canada Express'' name. However, some Air Canada Jazz planes retain the "Jazz" decal and the iconic green/red/orange maple leaf paint scheme. Jazz Aviation is the largest of these affiliates operating 125 aircraft on behalf of Air Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flyjazz.ca/english/aboutUs/history.asp |title=History |website=flyjazz.ca |accessdate=31 October 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307023111/http://www.flyjazz.ca/english/aboutUs/history.asp |archivedate= |
In 2001, Air Canada consolidated their wholly owned regional carriers [[Air BC]], [[Air Nova]], [[Air Ontario]], and [[Canadian Regional Airlines]] into Air Canada Regional Incorporated. Several of these air carriers had previously operated a as "Air Canada Connector". In 2002, the consolidation was completed with the creation of a new brand, Air Canada Jazz. Air Canada Jazz was spun off in November 2006. ACE Aviation Holdings is no longer a shareholder of Jazz Aviation LP, making them an independent company. ''Air Canada Jazz'' was the brand name of Air Canada's main regional product from 2002-2011. As of June 2011, the ''Air Canada Jazz'' brand is no longer being marketed as all regional operators adopted the ''Air Canada Express'' name. However, some Air Canada Jazz planes retain the "Jazz" decal and the iconic green/red/orange maple leaf paint scheme. Jazz Aviation is the largest of these affiliates operating 125 aircraft on behalf of Air Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flyjazz.ca/english/aboutUs/history.asp |title=History |website=flyjazz.ca |accessdate=31 October 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307023111/http://www.flyjazz.ca/english/aboutUs/history.asp |archivedate=2009-03-07}}</ref> |
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* [[Zip (airline)|Zip]] |
* [[Zip (airline)|Zip]] |
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In 2002, Air Canada launched a [[low-cost carrier|discount airline]] to compete directly with [[WestJet]] on routes in Western Canada. [[Zip (airline)|Zip]] operated ex-Canadian Airlines International 737-200s as a separate airline with their own staff and brightly painted [[aircraft]]. It was disbanded in 2004.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2004/09/08/zip_040908.html Air Canada's Zip shut down. CBC news. 8 September 2004] Access date: 29 October 2008</ref> |
In 2002, Air Canada launched a [[low-cost carrier|discount airline]] to compete directly with [[WestJet]] on routes in Western Canada. [[Zip (airline)|Zip]] operated ex-Canadian Airlines International 737-200s as a separate airline with their own staff and brightly painted [[aircraft]]. It was disbanded in 2004.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2004/09/08/zip_040908.html Air Canada's Zip shut down. CBC news. 8 September 2004] Access date: 29 October 2008</ref> |
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Air Canada flies to 21 domestic destinations and 81 international destinations (including [[British overseas territories]], [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]], [[Overseas departments and territories of France]], and [[United States territories]]) across [[Asia]], [[Americas]], [[Europe]], and [[Oceania]]. Along with its regional partners, the carrier serves over 181 destinations in 46 countries on five continents worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/acfamily/index.html|title=aircanada.com - About Air Canada |date= |accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/air-canada_airlines/#|title=staralliance.com - Air Canada Facts & Figures|date= |accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> |
Air Canada flies to 21 domestic destinations and 81 international destinations (including [[British overseas territories]], [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]], [[Overseas departments and territories of France]], and [[United States territories]]) across [[Asia]], [[Americas]], [[Europe]], and [[Oceania]]. Along with its regional partners, the carrier serves over 181 destinations in 46 countries on five continents worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/acfamily/index.html|title=aircanada.com - About Air Canada |date= |accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/air-canada_airlines/#|title=staralliance.com - Air Canada Facts & Figures|date= |accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> |
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Air Canada has flown a number of [[Freedoms of the air#Fifth freedom|fifth freedom]] routes (passenger and cargo rights between two non-Canadian destinations),<ref name=awst/> only one of which is still operated, namely Santiago-Buenos Aires.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeropuertosantiago.cl/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=177&Itemid=37 |title=Air Canada will fly to Santiago in Boeing 777-300 |language=es |publisher=Aeropuertosantiago.cl |date= |accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref> Past fifth freedom routes have included: Honolulu-Sydney, London Heathrow-Düsseldorf, Paris-Geneva, Paris-Munich, Paris-Berlin, Frankfurt-Zürich, Zürich-Zagreb, Zürich-Vienna, Zürich-Delhi, Lisbon-Madrid, Brussels-Prague, London Heathrow-Delhi, London Heathrow-Nice, London Heathrow-Bombay-Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1984/1984%20-%200397.html |title=Air Canada expands in Europe |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date=10 March 1984 |accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= |
Air Canada has flown a number of [[Freedoms of the air#Fifth freedom|fifth freedom]] routes (passenger and cargo rights between two non-Canadian destinations),<ref name=awst/> only one of which is still operated, namely Santiago-Buenos Aires.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeropuertosantiago.cl/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=177&Itemid=37 |title=Air Canada will fly to Santiago in Boeing 777-300 |language=es |publisher=Aeropuertosantiago.cl |date= |accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref> Past fifth freedom routes have included: Honolulu-Sydney, London Heathrow-Düsseldorf, Paris-Geneva, Paris-Munich, Paris-Berlin, Frankfurt-Zürich, Zürich-Zagreb, Zürich-Vienna, Zürich-Delhi, Lisbon-Madrid, Brussels-Prague, London Heathrow-Delhi, London Heathrow-Nice, London Heathrow-Bombay-Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1984/1984%20-%200397.html |title=Air Canada expands in Europe |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date=10 March 1984 |accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FEUwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pKUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1003,558109&dq=air-canada+fifth-freedom&hl=en |title=Air Canada aims at business traveler with Singapore route |publisher=News.google.com |date=12 January 1985 |accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref><!-- Zurich-Delhi, London Heathrow-Delhi, London Heathrow-Nice, Honolulu-Sydney, and Honolulu-Melbourne. ref needed --> |
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[[File:Air Canada Destinations.svg|thumb|center|700px|Countries with destinations of Air Canada (including seasonal and future destinations).{{legend|#204a87|Canada}}{{legend|#729fcf|Air Canada Destinations}}]] |
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<center> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%" |
|||
|+ Airports with most Air Canada Destinations (June 2014){{citation needed|date=September 2014}} |
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! Rank |
|||
! Airport |
|||
! Number of Destinations |
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|- |
|||
| 1 |
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| [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto, Ontario]] |
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| 153 |
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|- |
|||
| 2 |
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|[[Montreal International Airport|Montreal, Quebec]] |
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| 108 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 3 |
|||
|[[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver, British Columbia]] |
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| 47 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 4 |
|||
| [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary, Alberta]] |
|||
| 33 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 5 |
|||
| [[Ottawa International Airport|Ottawa, Ontario]] |
|||
| 32 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 6 |
|||
| [[Halifax International Airport|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] |
|||
| 26 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 7 |
|||
| [[Edmonton International Airport|Edmonton, Alberta]] |
|||
| 12 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 8 |
|||
| [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|Winnipeg, Manitoba]] |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
|- |
|||
| 9 |
|||
| [[Saskatoon John G. Diefenbaker International Airport|Saskatoon, Saskatchewan]] |
|||
| 9 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 10 |
|||
| [[Regina International Airport|Regina, Saskatchewan]] |
|||
| 6 |
|||
|} |
|||
</center> |
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<center> |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%" |
|||
|+ Air Canada Hubs by Daily Departures (2014 Average){{citation needed|date=September 2014}} |
|||
! Rank |
|||
! Airport |
|||
! Daily Departures |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1 |
|||
| [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto, Ontario]] |
|||
| 544 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver, British Columbia]] |
|||
| 296 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 3 |
|||
| [[Montreal International Airport|Montreal, Quebec]] |
|||
| 256 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 4 |
|||
| [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary, Alberta]] |
|||
| 107 |
|||
|} |
|||
</center> |
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Air Canada has [[codeshare agreement]]s with the following airlines :<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/travelinfo/airport/codeshare.html|title=Our codeshare and other airline partners|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> |
Air Canada has [[codeshare agreement]]s with the following airlines :<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/travelinfo/airport/codeshare.html|title=Our codeshare and other airline partners|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[LOT Polish Airlines]] * |
* [[LOT Polish Airlines]] * |
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* [[Lufthansa]] * |
* [[Lufthansa]] * |
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* [[Middle East Airlines]] |
* [[Middle East Airlines]] * |
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* [[Scandinavian Airlines]] * |
* [[Scandinavian Airlines]] * |
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| |
| |
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===Current fleet=== |
===Current fleet=== |
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<!-- Please source ALL changes to the fleet tables below, unless data is from http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/ --> |
<!-- Please source ALL changes to the fleet tables below, unless data is from http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/ --> |
||
The Air Canada mainline fleet consists of |
The Air Canada mainline fleet consists of 174 aircraft (as of August 2015).<ref name="fleet"/><ref name="ch-aviationAC">{{cite web|title=Air Canada|url=http://www.ch-aviation.ch/portal/airline.php?cha=AC|publisher=ch-aviation GmbH}}</ref><ref name="ch-aviationRV">{{cite web|title=Air Canada rouge|url=http://www.ch-aviation.ch/portal/airline.php?cha=ROG|publisher=ch-aviation GmbH}}</ref> All mainline aircraft are fitted with individual video displays in all classes.<ref name="EconomyInt"/> The majority of the widebody aircraft ([[Boeing 767]], [[Boeing 777]], [[Boeing 787]], [[Airbus A330]]) operate from Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Calgary.<ref name="ExecFirst"/> |
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<center> |
<center> |
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Line 371: | Line 447: | ||
|+ '''Air Canada Fleet''' |
|+ '''Air Canada Fleet''' |
||
|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
||
!rowspan="2" style="width:140px;"|Aircraft |
!rowspan="2" style="width:140px;" |<span style="color:#df0000;">Aircraft |
||
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|In Service |
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|<span style="color:#df0000;">In Service |
||
!rowspan="2" style="width:45px;"|Orders |
!rowspan="2" style="width:45px;" |<span style="color:#df0000;">Orders |
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!colspan="4"|Passengers |
!colspan="4"|<span style="color:#df0000;">Passengers |
||
!rowspan="2"|Notes |
!rowspan="2"|<span style="color:#df0000;">Notes |
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|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
||
! style="width:20px"|<abbr title="Business Class">J</abbr> |
! style="width:20px;" |<span style="color:#df0000;"><abbr title="Business Class">J</abbr> |
||
! style="width:20px"|<abbr title="Premium Economy Class"> |
! style="width:20px;" |<span style="color:#df0000;"><abbr title="Premium Economy Class">PY</abbr> |
||
! style="width:20px"|<abbr title="Economy Class">Y</abbr> |
! style="width:20px;" |<span style="color:#df0000;"><abbr title="Economy Class">Y</abbr> |
||
! style="width:20px"|Total |
! style="width:20px;" |<span style="color:#df0000;">Total |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A319-100]] |
|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A319-100]] |
||
|colspan="2"| |
|colspan="2"|18 |
||
|— |
|— |
||
|14 |
|14 |
||
Line 389: | Line 465: | ||
|106 |
|106 |
||
|120 |
|120 |
||
| 2 aircraft operate as [[Air Canada Jetz|VIP charters]]. 2 other aircraft are [[ETOPS]] configured.<br />All aircraft to receive Wi-Fi. Retirement: 2018-21. Replacement: [[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 8]]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320-200]] |
|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320-200]] |
||
Line 398: | Line 474: | ||
|132 |
|132 |
||
|146 |
|146 |
||
| All aircraft to receive Wi-Fi. Retirement: 2018-21. Replacement: [[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 8/9]]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A321-200]] |
|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A321-200]] |
||
|colspan="2" | |
|colspan="2" |12 |
||
|1 |
|1 |
||
|14 |
|14 |
||
Line 407: | Line 483: | ||
|169 |
|169 |
||
|183 |
|183 |
||
| All aircraft to receive Wi-Fi. Retirement: 2018-21. Replacement: [[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 9]]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-300]] |
|[[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-300]] |
||
Line 416: | Line 492: | ||
|228 |
|228 |
||
|265 |
|265 |
||
| All aircraft to get interior upgrades to new 787 cabin style. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 8]] |
|[[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 8]] |
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Line 422: | Line 498: | ||
|33 |
|33 |
||
|colspan="4"|<abbr title="To Be Announced">TBA</abbr> |
|colspan="4"|<abbr title="To Be Announced">TBA</abbr> |
||
|rowspan="2"|18 options, 30 purchase rights<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=727 |title=Air Canada Selects Boeing 737 MAX to Renew Mainline Narrowbody Fleet |work=Air Canada |date= 11 December 2013 |accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref><br /><abbr title="Entry into service">EIS</abbr>: 2017<br /> |
|rowspan="2"|18 options, 30 purchase rights<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=727 |title=Air Canada Selects Boeing 737 MAX to Renew Mainline Narrowbody Fleet |work=Air Canada |date= 11 December 2013 |accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref><br /><abbr title="Entry into service">EIS</abbr>: 2017<br />Replacing [[Airbus A320 family]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
|[[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 9]] |
|[[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 9]] |
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Line 438: | Line 514: | ||
|2 aircraft to exit in 2016, and 5 in 2017. Replacement: [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-9]]<br /> |
|2 aircraft to exit in 2016, and 5 in 2017. Replacement: [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-9]]<br /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200LR]] |
|||
| |
|colspan="2"|6 |
||
|— |
|— |
||
|rowspan="2"|— |
|||
|40 |
|||
|24 |
|||
|236 |
|||
|300 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|6 |
|||
|42 |
|42 |
||
|— |
|— |
||
|228 |
|228 |
||
|270 |
|270 |
||
|All aircraft to |
| rowspan="3"| All aircraft to get interior upgrades to new 787 cabin style. |
||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="4"|[[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ER]] |
|||
|rowspan="4"|17 |
|||
|— |
|||
|2<ref>http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/index.html</ref> |
|||
|28 |
|||
|24 |
|||
|398 |
|||
|450 |
|||
|rowspan="2"| |
|||
|- |
|||
|2 |
|||
|rowspan="3"|— |
|||
|40 |
|||
|24 |
|||
|336 |
|||
|400 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan="2"|[[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ER]] |
|||
|10 |
|||
|rowspan="2"|17 |
|||
|12 |
|||
|rowspan="2"|2 |
|||
|42 |
|42 |
||
|— |
|— |
||
|307 |
|307 |
||
|349 |
|349 |
||
|All aircraft to be refitted to configuration with 400 seats. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|5 |
|5 |
||
Line 484: | Line 537: | ||
|398 |
|398 |
||
|458 |
|458 |
||
|All aircraft to be refitted to configuration with 450 seats. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-8]] |
|[[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-8]] |
||
Line 496: | Line 548: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-9]] |
|[[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-9]] |
||
|colspan="2"| |
|colspan="2"|1 |
||
| |
|28<ref name="orders">{{cite web|title=Air Canada Welcomes First Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner to its Fleet|url=http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=905|publisher=Air Canada|accessdate=31 July 2015}}</ref> |
||
|30 |
|30 |
||
|21 |
|21 |
||
|247 |
|247 |
||
|298 |
|298 |
||
|Deliveries until 2019. Replacing [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]]<br> |
| Deliveries until 2019. Replacing [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]]<br> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Embraer E-Jet family|Embraer 190]] |
|[[Embraer E-Jet family|Embraer 190]] |
||
|colspan="2"| |
|colspan="2"|45 |
||
|— |
|— |
||
|9 |
|9 |
||
Line 511: | Line 563: | ||
|88 |
|88 |
||
|97 |
|97 |
||
| |
| 13 aircraft to exit by the end of 2015 and 7 by the end of 2016. The rest of the fleet to receive Wi-Fi. |
||
|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
||
!Total |
!Total |
||
!colspan="2"| |
! colspan="2" |174 |
||
! |
! 92 |
||
!colspan="5"| |
! colspan="5"| |
||
|} |
|} |
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</center> |
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===Fleet gallery=== |
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<center> |
|||
<gallery mode=packed-hover heights=150px caption="Hover over each photo to view label detail"> |
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File:Air Canada Airbus A319 (C-GITR) departs London Heathrow Airport 2ndJuly2014 arp.jpg|[[Airbus A320 family#A319|Airbus A319-100]] |
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File:AirCanadaA320takeoff YUL.jpg|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320-200]] |
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File:C-GITU-2008-09-13-YVR.jpg|[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A321-200]] |
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File:Air Canada Airbus A330-343 (C-GHKR).jpg|[[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-300]] |
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File:Air Canada Boeing 767-300ER C-FPCA GRU 2012-4-8.png|[[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]] |
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File:Air Canada Boeing 777-200LR; C-FNND@HKG;04.08.2011 615om (6207931644).jpg|[[Boeing 777-200LR]] |
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File:Air Canada Boeing 777-333ER YUL 2009.jpg|[[Boeing 777-300ER]] |
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File:Air Canada Boeing 787 C-GHPT.jpg|[[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-8]] |
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File:Air Canada Embraer 190 C-FNAI at YUL 25OCT2014.JPG|[[Embraer E-Jets#E-190 and 195|Embraer 190]] |
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</gallery> |
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</center> |
</center> |
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Line 534: | Line 601: | ||
* Air Canada's [[Airbus A340|Airbus A340-300]]s were retired in November 2008 and replaced by Boeing 777-300ERs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airfleets.net/flottecie/Air%20Canada-history-a340.htm |title=Air Canada Fleet of A340 (History) | Airfleets aviation |publisher=Airfleets.net |date= |accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref> |
* Air Canada's [[Airbus A340|Airbus A340-300]]s were retired in November 2008 and replaced by Boeing 777-300ERs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airfleets.net/flottecie/Air%20Canada-history-a340.htm |title=Air Canada Fleet of A340 (History) | Airfleets aviation |publisher=Airfleets.net |date= |accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref> |
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* Air Canada's Boeing 767-200ER fleet was retired from service by the end of 2008. |
* Air Canada's Boeing 767-200ER fleet was retired from service by the end of 2008. |
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*The Boeing 767 involved in the [[Gimli Glider|Gimli incident]] (known as the "Gimli Glider") remained in service with Air Canada until it retired in 2008. The aircraft (C-GAUN) now sits at the Mojave Spaceport in California.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=00ad8889-e4ee-4f6a-8b5a-1ccd23f2daf3&k=19959 | title=Famous Gimli Glider retired from Air Canada service | publisher=''[[Vancouver Sun]]'' | accessdate=24 May 2009 | date=24 January 2008}}</ref> |
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* The [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] aircraft were operated from 1979-2000 by [[Canadian Pacific Airlines]] and its successor [[Canadian Airlines]]. |
* The [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] aircraft were operated from 1979-2000 by [[Canadian Pacific Airlines]] and its successor [[Canadian Airlines]]. |
||
* The [[Boeing 737-200]] aircraft were operated from 1968-2000 by [[Canadian Pacific Airlines]] and its successor [[Canadian Airlines]]. Subsequent to the merger with Canadian Airlines, Air Canada operated these aircraft in a mainline 2-class configuration, as well as with the [[Air Canada Tango]] and the [[Zip (airline)|Zip]] [[low cost carriers]] branding in an all-economy class configuration. |
* The [[Boeing 737-200]] aircraft were operated from 1968-2000 by [[Canadian Pacific Airlines]] and its successor [[Canadian Airlines]]. Subsequent to the merger with Canadian Airlines, Air Canada operated these aircraft in a mainline 2-class configuration, as well as with the [[Air Canada Tango]] and the [[Zip (airline)|Zip]] [[low cost carriers]] branding in an all-economy class configuration. |
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Line 543: | Line 611: | ||
{| class="toccolours sortable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |
{| class="toccolours sortable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |
||
|+ '''Air Canada Operated Jetliners''' |
|+ '''Air Canada Operated Jetliners''' |
||
|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
|||
|- |
|||
! '''<span style="color:#df0000;">Type''' || '''<span style="color:#df0000;">Used''' |
|||
! Type || Used |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Douglas DC-8]]-40 -50 -60 -70 || 1960-1983<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Douglas DC-8]]-40 -50 -60 -70 || 1960-1983<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
||
Line 560: | Line 628: | ||
| [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-200M(Combi)]]|| 1975-1999<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-200M(Combi)]]|| 1975-1999<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-200]]|| 1976-2004<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-200]]|| 1976-2004<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Bombardier CRJ200|Canadair Regional Jet]]|| 199x-200x |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-200ER]]|| 1983-2008<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-200ER]]|| 1983-2008<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Fokker F28]] || 1986-2004<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Fokker F28]] || 1986-2004<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
||
|- |
|||
| [[BAe 146|BAe 146-200]] || 1990-2005<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Boeing 747-400]]|| 1990-2003<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Boeing 747-400]]|| 1990-2003<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Boeing 747-400|Boeing 747-400M(Combi)]]|| 1990-2004<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Boeing 747-400|Boeing 747-400M(Combi)]]|| 1990-2004<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
||
|- |
|||
| [[BAe 146|BAe 146-200]] || 1990-2005<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bombardier CRJ200|Canadair CRJ100]]|| <abbr title="Still active with Air Canada Express">1994-2002</abbr> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Airbus A340|Airbus A340-300]] || 1995-2008<ref name="Historical fleet">[http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/historical.html Air Canada Historical Fleet] Date accessed: 27 January 2009</ref> |
| [[Airbus A340|Airbus A340-300]] || 1995-2008<ref name="Historical fleet">[http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/historical.html Air Canada Historical Fleet] Date accessed: 27 January 2009</ref> |
||
|- |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Airbus A340|Airbus A340-500]] || 2004-2007<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Airbus A340|Airbus A340-500]] || 2004-2007<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
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Line 583: | Line 653: | ||
{| class="toccolours sortable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |
{| class="toccolours sortable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |
||
|+ '''Air Canada Operated Propliners''' |
|+ '''Air Canada Operated Propliners''' |
||
|- style="background:#E0FFFF;" |
|||
|- |
|||
! '''<span style="color:#df0000;">Type''' || '''<span style="color:#df0000;">Used''' |
|||
! Type || Used |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Stearman 4|Stearman 4-EM Senior Speedmail]] || 1937-1939<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
| [[Stearman 4|Stearman 4-EM Senior Speedmail]] || 1937-1939<ref name="Historical fleet"/> |
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Line 613: | Line 683: | ||
==Services== |
==Services== |
||
[[File:EnRoute System on B787-8.JPG|thumbnail|A |
[[File:EnRoute System on B787-8.JPG|thumbnail|A PTV on board an Air Canada Boeing 787-8 aircraft]] |
||
[[File:AC Inflight Meal-1.JPG|thumbnail|An [[in-flight meal]] in economy class on an Air Canada Boeing 787-8 aircraft]] |
[[File:AC Inflight Meal-1.JPG|thumbnail|An [[in-flight meal]] in economy class on an Air Canada Boeing 787-8 aircraft.]] |
||
Air Canada has two classes of service, both [[business class|Business]] and [[economy class|Economy]], on most aircraft. On long-haul international routes, ''International Business Class'' and ''Economy Class'' is offered, with certain flights additionally offering ''Premium Economy Class'';<ref name="EconomyInt"/><ref name="ExecFirst"/> short-haul and domestic routes feature ''Business Class'' and ''Economy Class''.<ref name="EconomyNA"/><ref name="ExecNA"/> All mainline seats feature AVOD (Audio Video On Demand) and mood lighting. Air Canada Express features ''Business Class'' and ''Economy Class'', on CRJ705 and Embraer 175 aircraft; all other Air Canada Express aircraft have one-class economy cabins. |
Air Canada has two classes of service, both [[business class|Business]] and [[economy class|Economy]], on most aircraft. On long-haul international routes, ''International Business Class'' and ''Economy Class'' is offered, with certain flights additionally offering ''Premium Economy Class'';<ref name="EconomyInt"/><ref name="ExecFirst"/> short-haul and domestic routes feature ''Business Class'' and ''Economy Class''.<ref name="EconomyNA"/><ref name="ExecNA"/> All mainline seats feature AVOD (Audio Video On Demand) and mood lighting. Air Canada Express features ''Business Class'' and ''Economy Class'', on CRJ705 and Embraer 175 aircraft; all other Air Canada Express aircraft have one-class economy cabins. |
||
In the spring of 1987, Air Canada enacted no-smoking flights between Canada and [[New York City]] as a test. After a survey reported that 96% of passengers supported the smoking ban, Air Canada extended the ban to other flights.<ref>Kramon, Glenn. "Northwest Airlines Bans Smoking on Most Flights." ''[[The New York Times]]''. 24 March 1988. [http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/24/us/northwest-airlines-bans-smoking-on-most-flights.html 1]. Retrieved on 8 February 2012.</ref> |
In the spring of 1987, Air Canada enacted no-smoking flights between Canada and [[New York City]] as a test. After a survey reported that 96% of passengers supported the smoking ban, Air Canada extended the ban to other flights.<ref>Kramon, Glenn. "Northwest Airlines Bans Smoking on Most Flights." ''[[The New York Times]]''. 24 March 1988. [http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/24/us/northwest-airlines-bans-smoking-on-most-flights.html 1]. Retrieved on 8 February 2012.</ref> |
||
In 2015, a reviewer noted that Air Canada had been voted best airline in North America five years in a row by Skytrax, but gave the opinion that "while it might be proud of the achievement, it also says something about the state of North American airlines. They've got some work to do."<ref name=Darby>{{cite news|last1=Darby|first1=Jim|title=Airline review: Air Canada economy|url=http://www.traveller.com.au/airline-review-air-canada-economy-giil3v|accessdate=5 August 2015|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=30 July 2015}}</ref> |
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===Cabins=== |
===Cabins=== |
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Line 671: | Line 743: | ||
===Aeroplan=== |
===Aeroplan=== |
||
{{Main|Aeroplan}} |
{{Main|Aeroplan}} |
||
Aeroplan is Air Canada's frequent flyer program. Miles are awarded to members and can be redeemed for rewards on airline tickets (primarily [[Star Alliance]]), reservations at hotel chains and car rental agencies, or for merchandise or charitable donations. |
Aeroplan is Air Canada's frequent flyer program. Miles are awarded to members and can be redeemed for rewards on airline tickets (primarily [[Star Alliance]]), reservations at hotel chains and car rental agencies, or for merchandise or charitable donations. Accumulated miles will expire if an account does not show any activity (earning or redemption) for one full year. Aeroplan has had a mileage expiry policy since 1997.<ref>{{cite web| title=Aeroplan Mileage Expiry Policies Explained| publisher=Aeroplan| url=http://blog.aeroplan.com/aeroplan/aeroplan%E2%80%99s-mileage-expiry-policies-explained/| accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref> Air Canada applies a Fuel Surcharge under "Taxes and Fees" when booking awards. It's possible to avoid the Fuel Surcharge by flying with a partner airline.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} |
||
===Air Canada Altitude=== |
===Air Canada Altitude=== |
||
On 20 September 2012, Air Canada unveiled its new frequent flyer |
On 20 September 2012, Air Canada unveiled its new frequent flyer program named "Air Canada Altitude". There are five membership tiers: Altitude Prestige 25K (25,000 Status Miles or 25 Status Segments), Altitude Elite 35K (35,000 Status Miles or 35 Status Segments), Altitude Elite 50K (50,000 Status Miles or 50 Status Segments), Altitude Elite 75K (75,000 Status Miles or 75 Status Segments), and Altitude Super Elite 100K (100,000 Status Miles or 95 Status Segments). Qualified Altitude Prestige 25K and Altitude Elite 35K are entitled to Star Alliance Silver Status, while members of the other three tiers are entitled to Star Alliance Gold Status. |
||
==Incidents and accidents== |
==Incidents and accidents== |
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Line 680: | Line 752: | ||
{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!style="background:#E0FFFF;"|<span style="color:#df0000;">Date |
|||
!Date |
|||
!style="background:#E0FFFF;"|<span style="color:#df0000;">Flight number |
|||
!Flight number |
|||
!style="background:#E0FFFF;"|<span style="color:#df0000;">Description |
|||
!Description |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|<center>13 June 1964 |
|<center>13 June 1964 |
||
Line 694: | Line 766: | ||
|<center>11 September 1968 |
|<center>11 September 1968 |
||
| |
| |
||
|A [[Vickers Viscount]] of Air Canada was hijacked by a [[Cuba]]n passenger.<ref name=ASN110968>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19680911-1 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |accessdate=7 October 2009}}</ref> |
|A [[Vickers Viscount]] of Air Canada was reported to have been hijacked by a [[Cuba]]n passenger.<ref name=ASN110968>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19680911-1 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |accessdate=7 October 2009}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|<center>7 September 1969 |
|<center>7 September 1969 |
||
Line 730: | Line 802: | ||
|<center>2 June 1983 |
|<center>2 June 1983 |
||
|<center>[[Air Canada Flight 797|797]] |
|<center>[[Air Canada Flight 797|797]] |
||
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]-32, Fin 720 C-FTLU had an electrical fire in the aft lavatory during flight, resulting in an emergency landing at [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport]]. During emergency exiting, the sudden influx of oxygen caused a flash fire throughout the cabin, resulting in the deaths of 23 of the 41 passengers, including Canadian folk singer [[Stan Rogers]]. All five crew members survived. The captain was the last person to exit the plane. It was later made into a TV movie.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06021983®=C-FTLU&airline=Air+Canada | title=Accident synopsis 06021983 | accessdate=24 May 2009 | date=2 June 1983| archiveurl= |
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]-32, Fin 720 C-FTLU had an electrical fire in the aft lavatory during flight, resulting in an emergency landing at [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport]]. During emergency exiting, the sudden influx of oxygen caused a flash fire throughout the cabin, resulting in the deaths of 23 of the 41 passengers, including Canadian folk singer [[Stan Rogers]]. All five crew members survived. The captain was the last person to exit the plane. It was later made into a TV movie.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06021983®=C-FTLU&airline=Air+Canada | title=Accident synopsis 06021983 | accessdate=24 May 2009 | date=2 June 1983| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090611014227/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06021983®=C-FTLU&airline=Air+Canada| archivedate= 11 June 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> This is Air Canada's most recent fatal accident. |
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|<center>23 July 1983 |
|<center>23 July 1983 |
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|<center>[[Air Canada Flight 646|646]] |
|<center>[[Air Canada Flight 646|646]] |
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|Air Canada Flight 646, Fin 109 C-FSKI, departed Toronto-Lester B. Pearson International Airport, Ontario, at 2124 eastern standard time on a scheduled flight to Fredericton, New Brunswick. On arrival, the [[Canadair CRJ-100]] aircraft experienced an unstabilized approach in poor visibility and stalled aerodynamically during a late go-around attempt. The aircraft skidded 2100 feet from the point of touch down and hit a tree. An evacuation was conducted; however, seven passengers were trapped in the aircraft until rescued. Of the 39 passengers and 3 crew members, 9 were seriously injured and the rest received minor or no injuries. The accident occurred at 2348 Atlantic standard time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bst-tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/1997/a97h0011/a97h0011.asp|title=Transportation Safety Board of Canada - Aviation Investigation Report A97H0011|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> Air Canada was heavily criticized in the media for allegedly entering the crash site and removing the aircraft decals identifying its operator without the permission of the authorities. |
|Air Canada Flight 646, Fin 109 C-FSKI, departed Toronto-Lester B. Pearson International Airport, Ontario, at 2124 eastern standard time on a scheduled flight to Fredericton, New Brunswick. On arrival, the [[Canadair CRJ-100]] aircraft experienced an unstabilized approach in poor visibility and stalled aerodynamically during a late go-around attempt. The aircraft skidded 2100 feet from the point of touch down and hit a tree. An evacuation was conducted; however, seven passengers were trapped in the aircraft until rescued. Of the 39 passengers and 3 crew members, 9 were seriously injured and the rest received minor or no injuries. The accident occurred at 2348 Atlantic standard time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bst-tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/1997/a97h0011/a97h0011.asp|title=Transportation Safety Board of Canada - Aviation Investigation Report A97H0011|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> Air Canada was heavily criticized in the media for allegedly entering the crash site and removing the aircraft decals identifying its operator without the permission of the authorities. |
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|<center>10 January 2008 |
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|<center>190 |
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|Air Canada Flight 190 was a scheduled flight from [[Victoria International Airport]] to [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]]. Whilst cruising over the [[Rocky Mountains]], the [[Airbus 319]] operating the flight began to suddenly plunge down thousands of meters for 15 seconds. The plane was forced to cut short its flight to Toronto and make an emergency landing at [[Calgary International Airport]]. Of the 83 passengers and 5 crew on board, 10 people were hospitalized for non-life-threatening injuries and most were subsequently released later on that day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/news/trav_adv/080110.html|title=Air Canada AC190 update: Last passenger released from hospital|publisher=|accessdate= 6 June 2015}}</ref> All passengers were later accommodated on other flights to continue their journey to Toronto. A likely cause of the incident was due to a wake turbulance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bst-tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/2008/a08w0007/a08w0007.asp|title=Transportation Safety Board of Canada - Aviation Investigation Report A08W0007|publisher=|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> |
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|<center>28 May 2012 |
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|<center>1 |
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|Air Canada Flight 1 was a scheduled flight from [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] to [[Narita Airport]], [[Tokyo]]. On the 28th of May, the [[Boeing 777-300ER]] (C-FITW, fin 733) operating the flight emitted a loud bang from the right engine after take off. The engine cowling and several other parts of the [[GE90]] fell into the city of [[Toronto]] smashing the windscreen of 2 cars but causing no injuries. The aircraft declared an emergency and spent one hour dumping fuel and preparing for an emergency landing at Toronto. The aircraft successfully made an emergency landing and was towed towards a terminal where the passengers disembarked. The right hand engine was removed from the aircraft and the plane was temporarily stored for 5 days as a replacement engine was brought in<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroinside.com/item/366/air-canada-b773-at-toronto-on-may-28th-2012-dropped-engine-parts-on-departure|title=Air Canada B773 at Toronto on May 28th 2012, dropped engine parts on departure|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> |
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|<center>29 March 2015 |
|<center>29 March 2015 |
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|<center>[[Air Canada Flight 624|624]] |
|<center>[[Air Canada Flight 624|624]] |
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|Air Canada Flight 624 was [[Airbus A320]] C-FTJP flying from [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] to [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport]]. After 15 minutes in a holding pattern |
|Air Canada Flight 624 was an [[Airbus A320]] (C-FTJP msn 223) flying from [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] to [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport]]. After 15 minutes in a 9,000 feet holding pattern and in poor visibility, during approach in Halifax, the plane impacted the ground, 300m short of the runway. It then struck the localizer antenna array, broke off its landing gear and went on to hit power lines knocking out power and communications at the airport. The plane then touched down a second time and slid down the runway, losing one of its engines. All 133 passengers and 5 crew survived. 23 people were sent to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/air-canada-flight-leaves-runway-in-halifax-23-sent-to-hospital-1.3013979|title=Air Canada AC624 touched down 335 metres short of runway, TSB says|date=29 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=867|title=Air Canada Provides Update #3 on AC624|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/air-canada-ac624-crash-too-soon-to-blame-pilots-safety-expert-says-1.3014376|title=Air Canada Flight 624 crash investigators recover cockpit recorders|date=31 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> The aircraft was [[Total loss|written off]].<ref>{{cite web|title=C-FTJP Air Canada Airbus A320-211 – cn 233|url=http://www.planespotters.net/Production_List/Airbus/A320/233,C-FTJP-Air-Canada.php|website=Planespotters.net}}</ref> |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{Cite book |last=McArthur |first=Keith |date=2004 |title=Air monopoly: how Robert Milton's Air Canada won and lost control of Canada's skies |publisher=M & S |isbn=0-7710-5688-5 |url= |
* {{Cite book |last=McArthur |first=Keith |date=2004 |title=Air monopoly: how Robert Milton's Air Canada won and lost control of Canada's skies |publisher=M & S |isbn=0-7710-5688-5 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=7LMuSlz-DIUC&lpg=PR3&dq=Air%20Canada&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=true }} |
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* {{Cite book |last=Milton |first=Robert |date=2004 |title=Straight from the Top: The Truth About Air Canada |publisher=Greystone Books |isbn=1-55365-051-4 |url= |
* {{Cite book |last=Milton |first=Robert |date=2004 |title=Straight from the Top: The Truth About Air Canada |publisher=Greystone Books |isbn=1-55365-051-4 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=UiqbULKfCpYC&lpg=PP1&dq=Air%20Canada&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{Airlines of Canada}} |
{{Airlines of Canada}} |
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{{IATA members|northam}} |
{{IATA members|northam}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}} |
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[[Category:Air Canada| ]] |
[[Category:Air Canada| ]] |
Revision as of 23:00, 10 December 2015
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Founded | 11 April 1937 (as Trans-Canada Air Lines)[1] | ||||||
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Commenced operations | 1 January 1965 (as Air Canada) | ||||||
Hubs | |||||||
Focus cities | |||||||
Frequent-flyer program | |||||||
Alliance | Star Alliance | ||||||
Subsidiaries | |||||||
Fleet size | 174 (mainline) | ||||||
Destinations | 182 (incl. subsidiaries) | ||||||
Headquarters | Montreal, Quebec, Canada | ||||||
Key people |
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Revenue | ![]() | ||||||
Operating income | ![]() | ||||||
Net income | ![]() | ||||||
Total assets | ![]() | ||||||
Total equity | ![]() | ||||||
Employees | 27,000 (2013)[6] | ||||||
Website | aircanada |
Air Canada (TSX: AC) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Canada. The airline, founded in 1937, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 178 destinations worldwide. It is the world's ninth-largest passenger airline by fleet size, and the airline is a founding member of the Star Alliance.[7] Air Canada's corporate headquarters are located in Montreal, Quebec,[8] while its largest hub is Toronto Pearson International Airport, located in Mississauga, Ontario. Air Canada had passenger revenues of CA$13.27 billion in 2014.[5] The airline's regional service is Air Canada Express.
Canada's national airline originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA), which began operating their first transcontinental flight routes in 1938. In 1965, TCA was renamed Air Canada following government approval. After the deregulation of the Canadian airline market in the 1980s, the airline was privatized in 1988. On January 4, 2000, Air Canada acquired their largest rival, Canadian Airlines. In 2003, the airline filed for bankruptcy protection and in the following year emerged and reorganized under the holding company ACE Aviation Holdings Inc. In 2006, 34 million people flew with Air Canada as the airline celebrated their 70th anniversary. Air Canada is recognized as the Skytrax Best International Airline in North America, and was ranked as a 4 Star Airline by Skytrax in 2013 with a rating of 5/10.[9]
Air Canada has a fleet of Airbus A330, Boeing 767, Boeing 777, and Boeing 787 wide-body jetliners on long-haul routes and uses the Airbus A320 family aircraft, including the A319, A320, and A321 variations, and Embraer E190 family aircraft on short-haul routes. The carrier's operating divisions include Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Express and Air Canada Rouge. Their subsidiary, Air Canada Vacations, provides vacation packages to over 90 destinations. Together with their regional partners, the airline operates on average more than 1,530 scheduled flights daily.[10]
History
Trans-Canada Airlines
Air Canada's predecessor, Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA), was created by federal legislation as a subsidiary of Canadian National Railway (CNR) on 11 April 1936.[1] The newly created Department of Transport under Minister C. D. Howe desired an airline under government control to link cities on the Atlantic coast to those on the Pacific coast. Using $5 million in Crown seed money, two Lockheed Model 10 Electras and one Boeing Stearman biplane were purchased from Canadian Airways[11] and experienced airline executives from United Airlines and American Airlines were brought in.[1]
Passenger flights began on 1 September 1937, with an Electra carrying two passengers and mail from Vancouver to Seattle, a $14.20 round trip,[1] and, on 1 July 1938, TCA hired their first flight attendants.[12] Transcontinental routes from Montreal to Vancouver began on 1 April 1939, using 12 Lockheed Model 14 Super Electras and six Lockheed Model 18 Lodestars.[11] By January 1940, the airline had grown to about 500 employees.[12]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lockheed_14.jpg/220px-Lockheed_14.jpg)
Canadian Pacific Airlines (CP Air) suggested in 1942 a merger with TCA. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King rejected the proposal and introduced legislation regulating TCA as the only airline in Canada allowed to provide transcontinental flights. With the increase in air travel after World War II, CP Air was granted one coast-to-coast flight and a few international routes.[1]
Originally headquartered in Winnipeg, which was also the site of the national maintenance base, the federal government moved TCA's headquarters to Montreal in 1949; the maintenance base later also moved east. With the development of the ReserVec in 1953, TCA became the first airline in the world to use a computer reservation system with remote terminals.[13][14]
By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canada's national airline and, in 1964, Jean Chrétien submitted a private member's bill to change the name of the airline from Trans-Canada Airlines to Air Canada, which TCA had long used as its French-language name. This bill failed but it was later resubmitted and passed, with the name change taking effect on 1 January 1965.[11] Elizabeth II, the reigning Queen of Canada, flew on the first aircraft to bear the name and livery of Air Canada when she departed for the United Kingdom at the end of her 1964 tour of Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Ontario in 1964.[15]
1970s and 1980s: early years
Year | Traffic |
---|---|
1950 | 727 |
1955 | 1551 |
1960 | 3284 |
1965 | 5702 |
1969 | 9074 |
1971 | 10343 |
1975 | 16270 |
1980 | 23752 |
1985 | 21718 |
2000 | 44806 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Place_Ville-Marie_2012.jpg/180px-Place_Ville-Marie_2012.jpg)
During the 1970s government regulations ensured Air Canada's dominance over domestic regional carriers and rival CP Air.[16] Short-haul carriers were each restricted to one of five regions, and could not compete directly with Air Canada and CP Air.[16] CP Air was subject to capacity limits on intercontinental flights, and restricted from domestic operations. Air Canada's fares were also subject to regulation by the government.[16]
In the late 1970s, with reorganization at CNR, Air Canada became an independent Crown corporation. The Air Canada Act of 1978 ensured that the carrier would compete on a more equal footing with rival regional airlines and CP Air, and ended the government's direct regulatory control over Air Canada's routings, fares, and services.[16] The act also transferred ownership from Canadian National Railway to a subsidiary of the national government.[1] Deregulation of the Canadian airline market, under the new National Transportation Act, 1987 officially opened the airline market in Canada to equal competition.[17] The carrier's fleet expansion saw the acquisition of Boeing 727, Boeing 747, and Lockheed Tristar jetliners.[14] In 1978 Judy Cameron became the first female pilot hired to fly for any major Canadian carrier when she was hired to fly by Air Canada.[18]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vickers_Viscount_757_CF-THN_AC_TOR_26.03.71_edited-2.jpg/220px-Vickers_Viscount_757_CF-THN_AC_TOR_26.03.71_edited-2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Air_Canada_747-133.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_747-133.jpg)
With new fleet expenditures outpacing earnings, Air Canada officials indicated that the carrier would need additional sources of capital to fund their modernisation.[16] By 1985 the Canadian government was indicating a willingness to privatise both Canadian National Railways and Air Canada.[16] In 1988 Air Canada was privatised, and 43% of shares are sold on the public market,[11] with the initial public offering completed in October of that year.[16] By this time, long-haul rival CP Air had become Canadian Airlines International following their acquisition by Pacific Western Airlines.[14]
On 7 December 1987, Air Canada became the first airline in the world with a fleet-wide non-smoking policy,[19] and in 1989 became completely privatised.[11] The successful privatisation effort was aided by a public relations effort led by company president Claude I. Taylor and chief executive officer Pierre J. Jeanniot.[16]
1990s: strategic changes
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Aircanada.b767-300er.c-ggmx.arp.jpg/220px-Aircanada.b767-300er.c-ggmx.arp.jpg)
In the early 1990s, Air Canada encountered financial difficulties as the airline industry slumped in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War.[14] In response, the airline restructured management, hiring former Delta Air Lines executive Hollis L. Harris as its CEO. Harris restructured the airline's operations, reduced management positions, moved the corporate headquarters to Dorval Airport,[14] and sold the enRoute card business to Diners Club in 1992.[20] By 1994, Air Canada had returned to profitability.[14] The same year also saw the carrier winning route access to fly from Canada to the new Kansai Airport in Osaka, Japan.[14]
In 1995, taking advantage of a new U.S.-Canada open skies agreement, Air Canada added 30 new trans-border routes.[14] In May 1997, Air Canada became a founding member of the Star Alliance, with the airline launching codeshares with several of the alliance's members. The second half of the 1990s saw the airline earn consistent profits, totaling $1 billion for the 1997 to 1999 period.[14]
On 2 September 1998, pilots for Air Canada launched the company's first pilots' strike,[21] demanding higher wages.[16] At the end of 1999, the Canadian government relaxed some of the aviation regulations, aimed at creating a consolidation of the Canadian airline industry. That year, American Airlines in conjunction with Canadian financial company Onex Corp, launched a takeover bid of ailing rival Canadian Airlines and Air Canada, spurring Air Canada to submit a competing offer for their largest rival.[14]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Air_Canada_B747-433_%28C-GAGL%29_landing_at_Frankfurt_Airport.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_B747-433_%28C-GAGL%29_landing_at_Frankfurt_Airport.jpg)
2000s: merger and reorganization
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Boeing_747-475%2C_Canadian_Airlines_AN0171218.jpg/220px-Boeing_747-475%2C_Canadian_Airlines_AN0171218.jpg)
In January 2001, Air Canada acquired Canada's second largest air carrier, Canadian Airlines, merging the latter's operations, becoming the world's twelfth-largest airline in the first decade of the 21st century.[11] As Air Canada gained access to their former rival's financial statements, officials learned that the carrier was in worse financial shape than was previously believed.[16] An expedited merger strategy was pursued, but in summer 2000 integration efforts led to flight delays, luggage problems and other frustrations.[16] However, service improved following Air Canada officials' pledge to do so by January 2001.[16] The airline was confronted by the global aviation market downturn and increased competition, posting back-to-back losses in 2001 and 2002.[16]
Bankruptcy and restructuring
As Air Canada had employed a scorched earth policy to prevent the Onex proposed acquisition as one of its lines of defence, they had burdened themselves with onerous contracts with virtually all of their suppliers. As a result, on 1 April 2003, Air Canada filed for protection under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act; they emerged from this protection on 30 September 2004, 18 months later.[22] During the period of bankruptcy protection, the company was subject to two competing bids from Cerberus Capital Management and Victor Li. The Cerberus bid would have seen former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney installed as chairman, being recruited by Cerberus' international advisory board chair Dan Quayle, the former Vice President of the United States. Cerberus was rejected because they had a reputation of changing existing employee pension agreements, a move strongly opposed by the CAW. At first, Air Canada selected Victor Li's Trinity Time Investments, which initially asked for a board veto and the chairmanship in return for investing $650 million in the airline. Li, who holds dual citizenship from Canada and Hong Kong, later demanded changes to the pension plan (which was not in his original takeover bid), but since the unions refused to budge, the bid was withdrawn.[23]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Aircanada.a330-300.c-ghkr.arp.jpg/220px-Aircanada.a330-300.c-ghkr.arp.jpg)
Finally, Deutsche Bank unveiled an $850 million financing package for Air Canada, if they would cut $200 million in annual cost cutting in addition to the $1.1 billion that the unions agreed on in 2003. It was accepted after last-minute talks between CEO Robert Milton and CAW president Buzz Hargrove got the union concessions needed to let the bid go through.[11][24][25]
ACE Aviation Holdings became the new parent company under which the reorganized Air Canada was held.[26] However, in November 2012 ACE sold all shares and warrants it held in Air Canada.
In October 2004, Canadian singer Celine Dion became the face of Air Canada, hoping to relaunch the airline and draw in a more international market after an 18-month period of bankruptcy protection.[27] She recorded her single, You and I, which subsequently appeared in several Air Canada commercials.[28]
Fleet modernization
On 31 October 2004, the last Air Canada Boeing 747 flight landed in Toronto from Frankfurt as AC873, ending 33 years of 747 service with the airline. The Boeing 747-400 fleet was replaced by the Airbus A340 fleet.[29] On 19 October 2005 Air Canada unveiled a new aircraft colour scheme and uniforms. A Boeing 767-300ER was painted in the new silver-blue colour, and the black tail was replaced with a new version of the maple leaf known as the 'Frosted Leaf'.[27]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Air_Canada_Boeing_777-200LR_Toronto_takeoff.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_Boeing_777-200LR_Toronto_takeoff.jpg)
On 9 November 2005, Air Canada agreed to renew their widebody fleet by purchasing 16 Boeing 777s (10 -300ERs, 6 -200LRs), and 14 Boeing 787-8s. They placed options on 18 Boeing 777s and 46 Boeing 787-8s and -9s.[30] All of the 777s will be powered by the GE90-115B engine, and the 787-8s, by the GEnx engine.[31] Deliveries of the 777s began in March 2007 and deliveries of the 787s began in May 2014.[32] As the 777s and the 787s are delivered, they will gradually retire all Boeing 767s and Airbus A330s.[33]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png)
On 24 April 2007, Air Canada exercised half of their options for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. The firm order for the Dreamliners is now at 37 plus 23 options, for a total of 60. This makes Air Canada the largest customer of the Dreamliner in North America and the third largest in the world (behind Qantas and All Nippon Airways). They also cancelled orders for two Boeing 777Fs. In November 2007, Air Canada leased an additional Boeing 777-300ER from ILFC. Air Canada has now taken delivery of the 18 Boeing 777s on order (12 -300ERs, 6 -200LRs) and still holds options for 16 more, totaling 34.[34][35]
Air Canada has also taken delivery of 15 Embraer 175s and 45 Embraer 190s. These aircraft are being used to expand intra-Canada and Canada/USA routes. Air Canada will transfer all 15 Embraer 175s to Sky Regional Airlines to fly them under the Air Canada Express brand. They will also transfer all Airbus A319-100 and Boeing 767-300ER aircraft to Air Canada Rouge.
Project XM
Started in July 2006 and now completed, Project XM: Extreme Makeover, is a $300 million aircraft interior replacement project to install new cabins on all aircraft. New aircraft such as the Boeing 777 are being delivered with the new cabins factory installed.[36]
New cabin features include:[37][38][39][40][41]
- In Executive First, new horizontal fully flat Executive First Suites (on Boeing 767s, Boeing 777s, and Airbus A330s).
- New cabins in all classes on all aircraft, with new entertainment options.
- Personal AVOD (8.9 in or 230 mm touchscreen LCD) in Economy class (domestic and international) and Executive Class (domestic).
- Larger AVOD (12 in or 300 mm touchscreen LCD) equipped with noise-cancelling Sennheiser headphones available in Executive First Suites.
- Interactive games at all seats in Executive and Economy; XM Radio Canada available at every seat.
- USB ports to recharge electronic devices and for game controllers at all seats; 120 Volt AC plugs in most seats; In Economy (2 per triple) (1 per double) (3 per quad). In First Class/Executive (All seats)
Financial difficulties
Since the late 2000s, Air Canada has been facing a number of financial difficulties, including the global recession, leading to speculation that they could file for bankruptcy, less than a decade after they exited bankruptcy on 30 September 2004.[42]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Embraer_190_C-FMZU_at_CYVR_20100518.jpg/220px-Embraer_190_C-FMZU_at_CYVR_20100518.jpg)
President and CEO Montie Brewer was replaced by Calin Rovinescu effective 1 April 2009.[43] Rovinescu became the first Canadian President since Claude Taylor in 1992. Rovinescu was Air Canada's chief restructuring officer during their 2003 bankruptcy, and he resigned that year after unions rejected his demands, and is reported to be "an enforcer".[44]
Federal finance minister Jim Flaherty appointed retired judge James Farley, who had presided over Air Canada's 2003 bankruptcy, to mediate pension issues between the company and their unions and retirees. The contracts with four of their unions also expired around this time. The airline stated that their $2.85-billion pension shortfall (which grew from $1.2-billion in 2007) was a "liquidity risk" in its first-quarter report, and it required new financing and pension "relief" to conserve cash for 2010 operations. The company was obligated to pay $650-million into the pension fund but it suffered a 2009 Q1 loss of $400-million, so it requested a moratorium on its pension payments in 2009. The unions had insisted on financial guarantees before agreeing on a deal. [45][46] In December 2010, ACE sold 44 million of Air Canada shares,[47] followed by the remaining 31 million shares in November 2012 to Cormark Securities Inc.[48]
In 2013, Air Canada's practice of systematic overbooking was exposed.[49] This much-criticized strategy, in which "the same seat is sold to more than one person," [49] thereby causing ticket-holding passengers to be bumped and left stranded, persuaded the federal government to consider adopting an airline passenger bill of rights.[50]
In November 2014 Air Canada pilots voted by a majority of 84% in favor of a 10-year contract that allows the country’s biggest passenger carrier to use arbitration or mediation to resolve disputes.[51]
Corporate affairs
Headquarters
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg/220px-AirCanadaHQMontreal.jpg)
By federal law (Air Canada Act), Air Canada has been obligated to keep their head office in Montreal.[52] Their corporate headquarters is Air Canada Centre[53] (French: Centre Air Canada[54]), also known as La Rondelle ("The Puck" in French),[55] a 7 storey building located on the grounds of Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport in Saint-Laurent.[56]
In 1975, Air Canada was headquartered at 1 Place Ville-Marie in Montreal.[57] In 1990, the airline moved their headquarters to the airport to cut costs.[58]
Business trends
Air Canada has been loss-making for several years; 2012 was the first year since 2007 that a post-tax profit was achieved.[59] The key trends for the Air Canada group, including Jazz and Air Canada rouge, are (years ending 31 December):
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turnover (C$m) | 10,646 | 11,082 | 9,739 | 10,786 | 11,612 | 12,114 | 12,382 | 13,272 |
Net Profits/Losses after tax (C$m) | 429 | −1,025 | −24 | −24 | −249 | 131 | 10 | 105 |
Number of employees (average FTE) | 23,900 | 24,200 | 22,900 | 23,200 | 23,700 | 24,000 | 24,500 | 24,400 |
Number of passengers (m) | 33+ | 33+ | 30+ | 32+ | 33.9 | 34.9 | 35.8 | 38.5 |
Passenger load factor (%) | 80.6 | 81.4 | 80.7 | 81.7 | 81.6 | 82.7 | 82.8 | 83.4 |
Number of aircraft (at year end) | 340 | 333 | 332 | 328 | 331 | 351 | 352 | 364 |
Notes/sources | [60] | [61] | [62] | [62][63] | [63] | [59] | [64] | [65] |
Executives
Prior to 1976, Air Canada was led by a department head of the Canadian National Railway, who reported to the President of CNR.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Air-Canada-Star-Alliance-A330-343X-YVR.jpg/220px-Air-Canada-Star-Alliance-A330-343X-YVR.jpg)
CEO and President:[16]
- 1976–1984: Claude Taylor - accountant; former Air Canada reservation agent and executive
- 1984–1990: Pierre Jeanniot - former aircraft mechanic and Air Canada executive
- 1990–1992: Claude Taylor
- 1992–1996: Hollis L. Harris (World Airways CEO 2001-04, Continental CEO and President, 1990–92, President of Delta)
- 1996–1999: R. Lamar Durrett (former executive with Delta, Continental and System One)
- 1999–2004: Robert Milton (founding partner of Air Eagle Holdings Incorporated)
- 2004–2009: Montie Brewer (former United Airlines executive)
- 2009–present: Calin Rovinescu[66]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Air_Canada_A319-114_%28C-GBHZ%29_parked_at_Montr%C3%A9al-Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_A319-114_%28C-GBHZ%29_parked_at_Montr%C3%A9al-Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport.jpg)
Subsidiaries
Air Canada Cargo
Air Canada Cargo is the company's freight carrying division, offering more than 150 shipping destinations through the Air Canada airline network and airline partners.[67] Their route network has focused on European destinations through their Eastern Canada departure points, along with direct services from Vancouver and Calgary to Frankfurt, Paris, and Zurich.[67]
In Toronto, a new cargo terminal was completed in early 2002 which features modernised inventory and conveyor systems.[68]
Air Canada Vacations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AirCanada-at-BDL.jpg/220px-AirCanada-at-BDL.jpg)
Air Canada Vacations is a Canadian tour operator offering leisure travel packages including cruises, tours, car rentals and excursions. All packages include accommodation, Aeroplan Miles and roundtrip airfare aboard Air Canada and its Star Alliance partners. Repeat recipient of the Consumer’s Choice Award for Best Travel Wholesaler and named Favourite Tour Operator by Baxter Travel Media in 2010, Air Canada Vacations services hundreds of destinations in the Caribbean, Mexico, North, Central and South America, Asia, South Pacific and Europe. Air Canada Vacations is headquartered in Montreal, has an office in Toronto, and destination representatives are available throughout the Caribbean, Mexico, Europe, Asia, South Pacific, and South America.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Boeing_777-300_%28Air_Canada%29_C-FIVS_91.jpg/220px-Boeing_777-300_%28Air_Canada%29_C-FIVS_91.jpg)
Air Canada Vacations offers Executive Class service on select flights, nonstop flights from major Canadian cities and daily flights to many destinations.[69][70]
Air Canada Rouge
Air Canada Express
Air Canada Express is the brand name of Air Canada's regional feeder service operated by several independent carriers including Jazz Aviation, Sky Regional Airlines, Exploits Valley Air Services (EVAS),[71] and Air Georgian.[72]
Air Canada Jetz
Launched in 2002, Air Canada Jetz is a charter service targeting sports teams, professional entertainers, and corporations. Air Canada Jetz fleet consists of two Airbus A319 in an all business class configuration.[73]
In February 2014, Air Canada decided to leave the sports charter business.[74] However, on March 17, 2014, Air Canada announced an agreement with several NHL teams to provide charter services under the Air Canada Jetz brand for 6 years starting from the 2015-2016 NHL season.[75]
Former subsidiaries
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/AC_Jazz_CRJ705_YQR.jpg/220px-AC_Jazz_CRJ705_YQR.jpg)
In 2001, Air Canada consolidated their wholly owned regional carriers Air BC, Air Nova, Air Ontario, and Canadian Regional Airlines into Air Canada Regional Incorporated. Several of these air carriers had previously operated a as "Air Canada Connector". In 2002, the consolidation was completed with the creation of a new brand, Air Canada Jazz. Air Canada Jazz was spun off in November 2006. ACE Aviation Holdings is no longer a shareholder of Jazz Aviation LP, making them an independent company. Air Canada Jazz was the brand name of Air Canada's main regional product from 2002-2011. As of June 2011, the Air Canada Jazz brand is no longer being marketed as all regional operators adopted the Air Canada Express name. However, some Air Canada Jazz planes retain the "Jazz" decal and the iconic green/red/orange maple leaf paint scheme. Jazz Aviation is the largest of these affiliates operating 125 aircraft on behalf of Air Canada.[76]
In 2002, Air Canada launched a discount airline to compete directly with WestJet on routes in Western Canada. Zip operated ex-Canadian Airlines International 737-200s as a separate airline with their own staff and brightly painted aircraft. It was disbanded in 2004.[77]
On 1 November 2001, Air Canada launched Air Canada Tango, designed to offer no-frills service and lower fares using a dedicated fleet of 13 Airbus A320s in an all economy configuration of 159 seats. In Canada, they operated from Toronto to Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Thunder Bay, Ottawa, Montreal, Halifax, Gander and St. John's. In addition, they operated non-stop service between Toronto and Fort Lauderdale, Orlando and Tampa; as well as non-stop service between Montreal and Fort Lauderdale and Orlando.[78] Tango was intended to compete with Canada 3000.[79] The Tango service was dissolved in 2004. Air Canada now calls their lowest fare class "Tango" (Tango and Flex).[80]
Aeroplan is Air Canada's loyalty marketing program operated by Groupe Aeroplan Inc., which was spun off from Air Canada in 2005.[81]
Destinations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vancouver-yvr-terminal.id.jpg/220px-Vancouver-yvr-terminal.id.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Air_Canada_-_Boeing_767-333%28ER%29_-_Tel_Aviv_Ben_Gurion_-_C-GHLT-1237.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_-_Boeing_767-333%28ER%29_-_Tel_Aviv_Ben_Gurion_-_C-GHLT-1237.jpg)
Air Canada flies to 21 domestic destinations and 81 international destinations (including British overseas territories, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Overseas departments and territories of France, and United States territories) across Asia, Americas, Europe, and Oceania. Along with its regional partners, the carrier serves over 181 destinations in 46 countries on five continents worldwide.[82][83]
Air Canada has flown a number of fifth freedom routes (passenger and cargo rights between two non-Canadian destinations),[14] only one of which is still operated, namely Santiago-Buenos Aires.[84] Past fifth freedom routes have included: Honolulu-Sydney, London Heathrow-Düsseldorf, Paris-Geneva, Paris-Munich, Paris-Berlin, Frankfurt-Zürich, Zürich-Zagreb, Zürich-Vienna, Zürich-Delhi, Lisbon-Madrid, Brussels-Prague, London Heathrow-Delhi, London Heathrow-Nice, London Heathrow-Bombay-Singapore.[85][86]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Air_Canada_Destinations.svg/700px-Air_Canada_Destinations.svg.png)
Rank | Airport | Number of Destinations |
---|---|---|
1 | Toronto, Ontario | 153 |
2 | Montreal, Quebec | 108 |
3 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 47 |
4 | Calgary, Alberta | 33 |
5 | Ottawa, Ontario | 32 |
6 | Halifax, Nova Scotia | 26 |
7 | Edmonton, Alberta | 12 |
8 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | 11 |
9 | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | 9 |
10 | Regina, Saskatchewan | 6 |
Rank | Airport | Daily Departures |
---|---|---|
1 | Toronto, Ontario | 544 |
2 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 296 |
3 | Montreal, Quebec | 256 |
4 | Calgary, Alberta | 107 |
Air Canada has codeshare agreements with the following airlines :[87]
|
* Member of the Star Alliance network.
Fleet
Current fleet
The Air Canada mainline fleet consists of 174 aircraft (as of August 2015).[37][88][89] All mainline aircraft are fitted with individual video displays in all classes.[39] The majority of the widebody aircraft (Boeing 767, Boeing 777, Boeing 787, Airbus A330) operate from Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Calgary.[41]
Aircraft | In Service | Orders | Passengers | Notes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
J | PY | Y | Total | |||||
Airbus A319-100 | 18 | — | 14 | — | 106 | 120 | 2 aircraft operate as VIP charters. 2 other aircraft are ETOPS configured. All aircraft to receive Wi-Fi. Retirement: 2018-21. Replacement: Boeing 737 MAX 8. | |
Airbus A320-200 | 42 | — | 14 | — | 132 | 146 | All aircraft to receive Wi-Fi. Retirement: 2018-21. Replacement: Boeing 737 MAX 8/9. | |
Airbus A321-200 | 12 | 1 | 14 | — | 169 | 183 | All aircraft to receive Wi-Fi. Retirement: 2018-21. Replacement: Boeing 737 MAX 9. | |
Airbus A330-300 | 8 | — | 37 | — | 228 | 265 | All aircraft to get interior upgrades to new 787 cabin style. | |
Boeing 737 MAX 8 | — | 33 | TBA | 18 options, 30 purchase rights[90] EIS: 2017 Replacing Airbus A320 family | ||||
Boeing 737 MAX 9 | — | 28 | TBA | |||||
Boeing 767-300ER | 17 | — | 24 | — | 187 | 211 | 2 aircraft to exit in 2016, and 5 in 2017. Replacement: Boeing 787-9 | |
Boeing 777-200LR | 6 | — | 42 | — | 228 | 270 | All aircraft to get interior upgrades to new 787 cabin style. | |
Boeing 777-300ER | 17 | 12 | 2 | 42 | — | 307 | 349 | |
5 | 36 | 24 | 398 | 458 | ||||
Boeing 787-8 | 8 | — | 20 | 21 | 210 | 251 | ||
Boeing 787-9 | 1 | 28[91] | 30 | 21 | 247 | 298 | Deliveries until 2019. Replacing Boeing 767-300ER | |
Embraer 190 | 45 | — | 9 | — | 88 | 97 | 13 aircraft to exit by the end of 2015 and 7 by the end of 2016. The rest of the fleet to receive Wi-Fi. | |
Total | 174 | 92 |
Fleet gallery
- Hover over each photo to view label detail
Historic fleet
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Air_Canada_A340%40YUL.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_A340%40YUL.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Air_Canada_Boeing767.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_Boeing767.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2010-07-15_B777_AirCanada_C-FIVQ_EDDF_02.jpg/220px-2010-07-15_B777_AirCanada_C-FIVQ_EDDF_02.jpg)
In 1963, Air Canada claimed to be the first major air carrier to have adopted turbine technology on its entire fleet for lower maintenance costs and higher productivity. It also claimed to be the first world airline to introduce jet freighter service using DC-8 equipment.[19][92]
Air Canada was also one of the first airlines to have its entire fleet of unpressurised aircraft equipped with fixed oxygen systems for use by flight crew and passengers, using the rebreathing bag principle.
- Air Canada's McDonnell Douglas DC-9-15's were used up to 1986 one McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32CF was used for cargo flights until 1977. the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32's were used from 1967 to 2002.
- Air Canada's Canadair Regional Jet (CRJ) aircraft were used from the mid 1990s until the early 2000s when they were transferred to regional affiliate Jazz Air LP operating as Air Canada Jazz. The Bombardier Mirabel-produced CRJ revolutionized non-stop high frequency services between lower volume business destinations in Air Canada's network, particularly in the northeast USA.
- Air Canada's Airbus A340-500s were retired in August 2007 and replaced by Boeing 777-200LRs.[93]
- Air Canada's Airbus A340-300s were retired in November 2008 and replaced by Boeing 777-300ERs.[94]
- Air Canada's Boeing 767-200ER fleet was retired from service by the end of 2008.
- The Boeing 767 involved in the Gimli incident (known as the "Gimli Glider") remained in service with Air Canada until it retired in 2008. The aircraft (C-GAUN) now sits at the Mojave Spaceport in California.[95]
- The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft were operated from 1979-2000 by Canadian Pacific Airlines and its successor Canadian Airlines.
- The Boeing 737-200 aircraft were operated from 1968-2000 by Canadian Pacific Airlines and its successor Canadian Airlines. Subsequent to the merger with Canadian Airlines, Air Canada operated these aircraft in a mainline 2-class configuration, as well as with the Air Canada Tango and the Zip low cost carriers branding in an all-economy class configuration.
The following is a list of aircraft that Air Canada has operated since 1937, and are now no longer in the fleet:
Services
Air Canada has two classes of service, both Business and Economy, on most aircraft. On long-haul international routes, International Business Class and Economy Class is offered, with certain flights additionally offering Premium Economy Class;[39][41] short-haul and domestic routes feature Business Class and Economy Class.[38][40] All mainline seats feature AVOD (Audio Video On Demand) and mood lighting. Air Canada Express features Business Class and Economy Class, on CRJ705 and Embraer 175 aircraft; all other Air Canada Express aircraft have one-class economy cabins.
In the spring of 1987, Air Canada enacted no-smoking flights between Canada and New York City as a test. After a survey reported that 96% of passengers supported the smoking ban, Air Canada extended the ban to other flights.[97]
In 2015, a reviewer noted that Air Canada had been voted best airline in North America five years in a row by Skytrax, but gave the opinion that "while it might be proud of the achievement, it also says something about the state of North American airlines. They've got some work to do."[98]
Cabins
International Business Class
Air Canada's International Business Class cabins are available on all widebody aircraft. There are three different cabins available: the Executive Pod, the Classic Pod, and the Studio Pod.[41] All services feature AVOD (Audio Video On Demand) on a touch screen, noise cancelling headphones, and music provided by XM Satellite Radio. This cabin is sold as Business Class — Transcontinental when widebody aircraft operate on routes within North America, and is sold at a premium compared to the North American Business Class product on narrowbody aircraft.[99]
Executive Pod
Executive Pods are featured on all Boeing 787s and will be retrofitted on all Boeing 777 aircraft by the second half of 2016.[100] These seats feature electronic flat beds in a 1–2–1 reverse herringbone configuration with a 21-inch (53.3 cm) seat width and a 6-foot-7-inch (2.01 m) seat pitch.[41] AVOD is provided with an 18-inch (45.7 cm) touch screen.
Classic Pod
Classic Pods feature electronic flat beds, in a 1–1–1 (on all Boeing 767-300ER and Airbus A330-300s) or 1–2–1 (on all Boeing 777-200LR and select Boeing 777-300ERs) herringbone configuration with a 21-inch (53.3 cm) seat width and a 6-foot-3-inch (1.91 m) seat pitch.[41] AVOD is provided with an 12-inch (30.5 cm) touch screen. Self-service bar areas are available on all Boeing 777-200LR and Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.[41]
Studio Pod
Select Boeing 777-300ERs on high density routes use Studio Pods. These seats feature electronic flat beds in a staggered 1–2–1 and 2–2–2 configuration with a 20.5-inch (52.1 cm) seat width and a seat pitch between 6 feet (1.83 m) and 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m).[41] AVOD is provided with an 15.4-inch (39.1 cm) touch screen.
Premium Economy Class
Premium Economy class is available on all Boeing 787 and five Boeing 777-300ER aircraft. It will be retrofitted on all Airbus A330 and Boeing 777 aircraft by the second half of 2016.[100] Premium Economy is only available on international flights; on flights within North America, these seats are sold as Preferred Seats in Economy Class.[101]
Premium Economy features a larger seat and greater recline as compared to economy class, in a 2–4–2 configuration (Boeing 777-300ER) or 2-3-2 configuration (Boeing 787-8) with a 20-inch (0.508 m) (Boeing 777-300ER) or 19.5-inch (0.495 m) (Boeing 787-8) seat width and a 38-inch (0.965 m) seat pitch. Entertainment on the Boeing 777-300ER and Boeing 787-8 is personal AVOD (Audio Video On Demand), while music is provided by XM Satellite Radio.[102]
Air Canada Rouge operates flights on its aircraft with a premium economy class product, branded as Premium Rouge.
International Economy Class
In international Economy Class, seats are pitched 31 to 34 inches (0.79 to 0.86 m) with a width of 17.2 to 18.5 inches (0.44 to 0.47 m) and a recline to around 6 inches (0.15 m)[39] with personal AVOD (audio-video on demand). Configuration is 3–3–3 or 3–4–3 on the Boeing 777, 3–3–3 on the Boeing 787, 2–4–2 on the A330, and 2–3–2 on the Boeing 767. Music is provided by XM Satellite Radio.[39]
North American Business Class
Within North America, Business Class is Air Canada’s premium product. On Embraer 190 aircraft (mainline) and Embraer 175 and CRJ705 aircraft (Air Canada Express), the seat configuration is 1–2 abreast, with recline around 120°, and a width of 20 inches (0.51 m).[40] On Airbus narrow-body aircraft, seat configuration is 2–2 abreast, with 124° recline, and 21 inches (0.53 m) width.[40] Seat pitch is 37 inches (0.94 m) on CRJ705 aircraft and 39 inches (0.99 m) on Embraer and Airbus aircraft. All seats feature AVOD and the new style cabin interiors. Music is provided by XM Satellite Radio.[40]
North American Economy Class
Economy seating for domestic, North American, sun destination and Caribbean flights is 3–3 abreast on Airbus aircraft and 2–2 on Bombardier and Embraer aircraft, with a pitch between 31 and 34 inches (0.79 and 0.86 m) on Airbus and Embraer aircraft.[38] For these flights food and alcoholic beverages can be purchased through Onboard Café while non-alcoholic beverages are complimentary. GuestLogix point of sale terminals are used.
On all narrowbody aircraft, there is an extra legroom Preferred Seat section in the front few rows and exit rows of the economy cabin which provides up to 4 inches (0.10 m) more seat pitch(usually at least 35"). All Air Canada Rouge planes offer Rouge Plus seats, which are identical to the Preferred Seats, but with up to 6 inches (0.15 m) more seat pitch(35" on A319's and 36" on 767's) as well as an additional 2 inches (0.051 m) of recline.
Air Canada Express
Air Canada Express flights operated by CRJ200, Dash 8-100/300/400 aircraft offer a bar and refreshment service on board. The CRJ705 and E175 features Business Class and personal AVOD at every seat. Flights on board the E175, CRJ200/705 and Q400 which are 90 minutes or more feature Onboard Café.
Cabin crew
Air Canada has made a change in uniform by changing the dark green for a midnight blue colour. The uniforms were designed by Canadian fashion designer Debbie Shuchat. At a presentation in the Toronto Pearson International Airport hangar, Celine Dion helped the newly solvent airline debut its new image.[27]
Lounge
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Air_Canada_Arrivals_Lounge_%28LHR%29.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_Arrivals_Lounge_%28LHR%29.jpg)
Air Canada has 21 Maple Leaf Lounges[103] located at all major airports across Canada and at international locations including London-Heathrow, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Frankfurt, Los Angeles and New York-LaGuardia.[104] The Maple Leaf Lounges are available to passengers holding a same day ticket on Air Canada in Business Class, Star Alliance Gold Members, Air Canada Super Elite, Air Canada Elite, Air Canada Maple Leaf Club members, American Express Maple Leaf Club members, American Express AeroplanPlus Platinum holders, holders of a one time guest pass or economy passengers who have purchased lounge access during booking.[105]
Air Canada shares an Arrivals Lounge at London Heathrow Terminal 2 with some other Star Alliance members. It is available to eligible passengers arriving into London from any Air Canada international flight, holding a confirmed same-day overseas travel boarding card. Eligible groups include Business Class Passengers, Air Canada Super Elite, Air Canada Elite, Air Canada Maple Leaf Club Members or American Express Maple Leaf Club.[106]
U.S. business traveller international stopover strategy
Air Canada has started to pursue American-based business travellers from departure airports which do not have direct connections to Europe and abroad, and use Canadian airports like Montreal, Toronto-Pearson and Vancouver to make their connection through Canada.
Frequent flyer program
Aeroplan
Aeroplan is Air Canada's frequent flyer program. Miles are awarded to members and can be redeemed for rewards on airline tickets (primarily Star Alliance), reservations at hotel chains and car rental agencies, or for merchandise or charitable donations. Accumulated miles will expire if an account does not show any activity (earning or redemption) for one full year. Aeroplan has had a mileage expiry policy since 1997.[107] Air Canada applies a Fuel Surcharge under "Taxes and Fees" when booking awards. It's possible to avoid the Fuel Surcharge by flying with a partner airline.[citation needed]
Air Canada Altitude
On 20 September 2012, Air Canada unveiled its new frequent flyer program named "Air Canada Altitude". There are five membership tiers: Altitude Prestige 25K (25,000 Status Miles or 25 Status Segments), Altitude Elite 35K (35,000 Status Miles or 35 Status Segments), Altitude Elite 50K (50,000 Status Miles or 50 Status Segments), Altitude Elite 75K (75,000 Status Miles or 75 Status Segments), and Altitude Super Elite 100K (100,000 Status Miles or 95 Status Segments). Qualified Altitude Prestige 25K and Altitude Elite 35K are entitled to Star Alliance Silver Status, while members of the other three tiers are entitled to Star Alliance Gold Status.
Incidents and accidents
Date | Flight number | Description |
---|---|---|
Vickers Viscount, Fin 638 CF-THT was damaged beyond economical repair when it crash-landed at Toronto after the failure of two engines on approach.[108] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-8-54F, Fin 813 CF-TJM crashed and burned on a training flight while making a three-engine landing at Ottawa, Ontario. All 3 crew members were killed. There were no passengers on the flight.[109] | ||
A Vickers Viscount of Air Canada was reported to have been hijacked by a Cuban passenger.[110] | ||
Vickers Viscount, Fin 629 CF-THK was damaged beyond economic repair by a fire which occurred on takeoff from Sept-Îles Airport. The aircraft landed back at Sept-Îles, but one passenger was killed in the fire.[111] | ||
Vickers Viscount, Fin 643 CF-THY collided in mid-air with Ercoupe 415 CF-SHN on approach to Vancouver International Airport. The Ercoupe pilot was killed.[112] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63, Fin 878 CF-TIW exploded from a fuel line rupture caused by engine 4 striking the runway in Toronto, Ontario during the first landing attempt. All 109 passengers/crew were killed.[113] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, Flight departed Thunder Bay, Ontario for Toronto, Ontario. Hijacker Patric Dolan Critton passed a note 20 minutes before landing that read: "Think. We have fragmentary grenades, and a .38 caliber revolver. Take me to the captain. We're going to Havana. This is no joke." The hijacker permitted the 82 passengers on board to get off the plane before the flight was rerouted to Cuba. After leaving the hijacker in Havana, the Air Canada aircraft safely returned to Toronto. Citton was arrested in New York on other charges in 2001 and, after serving his sentence, was extradited to Canada where he was charged with kidnapping. In 1971 there was no offense of hijacking in the Canadian Criminal Code. He was sentenced to five years in prison but was released on parole after serving two years.[114][115] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-8-53, Fin 822 CF-TIJ caught fire and was burnt out during refueling at Terminal 2, Toronto, Ontario; no fatalities.[116] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, Fin 721 CF-TLV overran the runway in Toronto after a blown tire aborted the takeoff. Two of the 107 people on-board were killed.[117] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, Fin 720 C-FTLU approximately 14 minutes after flight 680 left Logan International Airport in Boston, MA for Yarmouth, NS, the entire tailcone section of the plane separated resulting in rapid decompression at an altitude of 25,000 feet (7,600 m), leaving a large hole in the rear of the aircraft. A beverage cart and other items in the cabin were sucked out of the plane over the Atlantic Ocean, but there were no fatalities or significant injuries. The plane safely returned to Boston. Fatigue cracks were determined to be the cause. This same aircraft would be destroyed by a fire nearly four years later on 2 June 1983 as Air Canada Flight 797[118][119] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, Fin 724 C-FTLY exploded during a maintenance period in Montreal, Quebec; no fatalities.[120] | ||
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, Fin 720 C-FTLU had an electrical fire in the aft lavatory during flight, resulting in an emergency landing at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. During emergency exiting, the sudden influx of oxygen caused a flash fire throughout the cabin, resulting in the deaths of 23 of the 41 passengers, including Canadian folk singer Stan Rogers. All five crew members survived. The captain was the last person to exit the plane. It was later made into a TV movie.[121] This is Air Canada's most recent fatal accident. | ||
Boeing 767-233, Fin 604 C-GAUN glided to an emergency landing in Gimli after running out of fuel 12,300 metres (40,400 ft) above Red Lake, Ontario. Some people suffered minor injuries during the evacuation due to the steep angle of the escape chute at the rear of the plane; caused by the collapsed nose at the front. This incident was the subject of the TV movie, Falling from the Sky: Flight 174, starring William Devane, and the book, Freefall, by William Hoffer.[122] This incident was also featured on the National Geographic Channel and Discovery Channel series Mayday (TV series) season 5 episode 6. This flight is generally known as the Gimli Glider. | ||
Air Canada Flight 646, Fin 109 C-FSKI, departed Toronto-Lester B. Pearson International Airport, Ontario, at 2124 eastern standard time on a scheduled flight to Fredericton, New Brunswick. On arrival, the Canadair CRJ-100 aircraft experienced an unstabilized approach in poor visibility and stalled aerodynamically during a late go-around attempt. The aircraft skidded 2100 feet from the point of touch down and hit a tree. An evacuation was conducted; however, seven passengers were trapped in the aircraft until rescued. Of the 39 passengers and 3 crew members, 9 were seriously injured and the rest received minor or no injuries. The accident occurred at 2348 Atlantic standard time.[123] Air Canada was heavily criticized in the media for allegedly entering the crash site and removing the aircraft decals identifying its operator without the permission of the authorities. | ||
Air Canada Flight 190 was a scheduled flight from Victoria International Airport to Toronto Pearson International Airport. Whilst cruising over the Rocky Mountains, the Airbus 319 operating the flight began to suddenly plunge down thousands of meters for 15 seconds. The plane was forced to cut short its flight to Toronto and make an emergency landing at Calgary International Airport. Of the 83 passengers and 5 crew on board, 10 people were hospitalized for non-life-threatening injuries and most were subsequently released later on that day.[124] All passengers were later accommodated on other flights to continue their journey to Toronto. A likely cause of the incident was due to a wake turbulance.[125] | ||
Air Canada Flight 1 was a scheduled flight from Toronto Pearson International Airport to Narita Airport, Tokyo. On the 28th of May, the Boeing 777-300ER (C-FITW, fin 733) operating the flight emitted a loud bang from the right engine after take off. The engine cowling and several other parts of the GE90 fell into the city of Toronto smashing the windscreen of 2 cars but causing no injuries. The aircraft declared an emergency and spent one hour dumping fuel and preparing for an emergency landing at Toronto. The aircraft successfully made an emergency landing and was towed towards a terminal where the passengers disembarked. The right hand engine was removed from the aircraft and the plane was temporarily stored for 5 days as a replacement engine was brought in[126] | ||
Air Canada Flight 624 was an Airbus A320 (C-FTJP msn 223) flying from Toronto Pearson International Airport to Halifax Stanfield International Airport. After 15 minutes in a 9,000 feet holding pattern and in poor visibility, during approach in Halifax, the plane impacted the ground, 300m short of the runway. It then struck the localizer antenna array, broke off its landing gear and went on to hit power lines knocking out power and communications at the airport. The plane then touched down a second time and slid down the runway, losing one of its engines. All 133 passengers and 5 crew survived. 23 people were sent to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.[127][128][129] The aircraft was written off.[130] |
See also
- ACE Aviation Holdings
- Air Canada Rouge
- Chorus Aviation
- Jazz Aviation LP
- List of airlines of Canada
- List of airports in Canada
- List of companies of Canada
- Transportation in Canada
- Air transport in Canada
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Air Canada History". CBC News. 14 May 2004. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ https://altitude.aircanada.com/status/home
- ^ Air Canada (30 March 2009). "Air Canada announces appointment of Calin Rovinescu as President & Chief Executive Officer". CNW Telbec. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
- ^ a b c "Air Canada 2013 Reports" (PDF). Air Canada.
- ^ a b c "Air Canada 2014 Annual Report" (PDF). aircanada.cin. Air Canada.
- ^ "Air Canada Corporate Profile". Air Canada. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ^ "Star Alliance Member Airline - Air Canada". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Investors Contacts" Air Canada. Retrieved on 18 May 2009.
- ^ Skytrax, Customer Reviews. "Air Canada Passenger Trip Reviews". Skytrax. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ "About Air Canada - Corporate Profile". Air Canada. Archived from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g "Indepth: Air Canada Timeline". CBC News. 20 June 2005. Archived from the original on 21 April 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b Mills, Albert J, Mills, Jean Helms. Masculinity and the Making of Trans-Canada Air Lines, 1937-1940: A Feminist Poststructuralist Account. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, March 2006. findarticles.com Date accessed: 18 October 2007
- ^ John Vardalas, "From DATAR to the FP-6000", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol 16 No 2, 1994, pp. 20-30
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Air Canada: Celebrating 70 Years of Leadership". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Sparling, Gordon; Bala, Nicholas (1964). The Queen in Canada (Digital video). Ottawa: National Film Board of Caanda.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Air Canada – Company History". International Directory of Company Histories. 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
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Further reading
- McArthur, Keith (2004). Air monopoly: how Robert Milton's Air Canada won and lost control of Canada's skies. M & S. ISBN 0-7710-5688-5.
- Milton, Robert (2004). Straight from the Top: The Truth About Air Canada. Greystone Books. ISBN 1-55365-051-4.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Official website
- Air Canada Boeing 787 Dreamliner official website
- Air Canada Vacations official website
- Air Canada Jazz
- CBC Digital Archives – Turbulent Skies: The Air Canada Story
- Air Canada Pilots Association
- Air Canada Flight Attendant Component of CUPE
- Use dmy dates from June 2013
- Air Canada
- 1965 establishments in Quebec
- Air Transport Association of Canada
- Airlines established in 1965
- Canadian brands
- Companies based in Montreal
- Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
- Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Canada
- Former Crown corporations of Canada
- IATA members
- S&P/TSX Composite Index
- Star Alliance