List of communist parties

     Official ruling parties in communist states
     Communist parties as ruling parties or part of a governing coalition in multi-party states
     Formerly ruled under a one-party system
     Formerly ruled under a parliamentary majority or minority government
     Formerly ruled as a coalition partner or supporter
     Parts of countries formerly ruled under a one-party system

There are a number of communist parties active in various countries across the world and a number that used to be active. They differ not only in method, but also in strict ideology and interpretation, although they are generally within the Marxist communism tradition.

The formation of communist parties in various countries was first initiated by the Russian Bolsheviks within the Communist International. Since then, communist parties have governed numerous countries, whether as ruling parties in one-party states like the Communist Party of China or the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or as ruling parties in multi-party systems, including majority and minority governments as well as leading or being part of several coalitions.

Many other communist parties did not govern any country, but they did govern several states or region within a country. Others have also been represented in the national, state or regional parliaments. Some communist parties and schools of thought reject parliamentarism, advocating in its place insurrection or social revolution as well as workers' councils.

Officially ruling in communist states

In the following countries, several communist parties either lead the ruling coalition or hold monopoly on state power as defined by their respective country's constitutions.

China^[a] – Communist Party of China leads the United Front
Cuba – Communist Party of Cuba
Laos – Lao People's Revolutionary Party leads the Lao Front for National Construction
North Korea^[b] – Workers' Party of Korea leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland
Vietnam – Communist Party of Vietnam leads the Vietnamese Fatherland Front

Ruling or part of ruling coalition in multi-party states

Argentina – Communist Party of Argentina, Communist Party of Argentina (Extraordinary Congress) and Revolutionary Communist Party participate in the ruling coalition
Bangladesh – Workers Party of Bangladesh participates in the ruling coalition
Belarus – Communist Party of Belarus supports the government of president Alexander Lukashenko
Czech Republic – Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia supports the government of ANO 2011 and the Czech Social Democratic Party
Guyana – People's Progressive Party
Nepal – Nepal Communist Party
Palestine – Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine and Palestinian People's Party participates in the ruling coalition
Serbia – Communist Party participates in the Serbian Progressive Party–Socialist Party of Serbia coalition government
South Africa – South African Communist Party participates in the ruling coalition
Spain – Communist Party of Spain participates in the ruling coalition as part of the United Left alliance^[5]
Sri Lanka – Communist Party of Sri Lanka participates in the ruling Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance
Syria – Syrian Communist Party and Syrian Communist Party (Unified) participate in the ruling coalition

Formerly ruling

One-party system

Afghanistan (1978–1992) – People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy
Albania (1946–1992) – Party of Labour of Albania (known from 1941 to 1948 as the Communist Party of Albania) abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as Socialist Party of Albania
Angola (1975–1992) – Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (known from 1956 to 1977 as Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy
Benin (1975–1990) – People's Revolutionary Party of Benin abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as Union of Forces of Progress
Bulgaria (1946–1990) – Bulgarian Communist Party, known from 1938–1948 as Bulgarian Workers' Party (Communists), abandoned Marxism–Leninism and is now known as Bulgarian Socialist Party
Cambodia (1975–1979, 1979–1992) – Communist Party of Kampuchea, broke up into the exile, non-ruling and now defunct Party of Democratic Kampuchea and ruling Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party which abandoned Marxism–Leninism for centrism and is now known as Cambodian People's Party
Congo (1969–1992) – Congolese Party of Labour abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy
Croatia (1945–1990) – League of Communists of Croatia (known from 1937 to 1952 as the Communist Party of Croatia) abandoned Marxism–Leninism and Titoism for social democracy in 1989–1990 and is now known as Social Democratic Party of Croatia
Czechoslovakia (1948–1990) – Communist Party of Czechoslovakia broke up into the non-ruling Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and the Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia)
Ethiopia (1974–1987, (1987–1991) – Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia, Workers' Party of Ethiopia
East Germany (1949–1989) – Socialist Unity Party of Germany became Party of Democratic Socialism and is now a part of The Left
Northern Greece – Communist Party of Greece
Grenada (1979–1983) – New Jewel Movement
Hungary (1919, 1949–1989) – Hungarian Communist Party, Hungarian Working People's Party, Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as Hungarian Socialist Party
Mongolia (1924–1992) – Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (known from 1921 to 1924 and from 2010 onwards as the Mongolian People's Party) abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy
Mozambique (1975–1990) – Frelimo Party (known from 1962 to 1977 as the Mozambique Liberation Front) abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and democratic socialism
Poland (1944–1989) – Polish Workers' Party, Polish United Workers' Party abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as Democratic Left Alliance
Romania (1947–1989) – Romanian Communist Party dissolved after the Romanian Revolution (known from 1948 to 1965 as Romanian Workers' Party)
Somalia (1969–1991) – Supreme Revolutionary Council (1969–1976), Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (1976–1991)
Soviet Union – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (known from 1918 to 1925 as the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and from 1925 to 1952 as the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1917–1991)
Yemen (1967–1990) – Yemeni Socialist Party (known from 1963 to 1978 as National Liberation Front) abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy
Yugoslavia (1945–1990) – League of Communists of Yugoslavia (known from 1919 to 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia) in 1990 broken up into separate parties in each constituent republic (republics' parties existed before and the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was a federation of League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, League of Communists of Croatia, League of Communists of Macedonia, League of Communists of Montenegro, League of Communists of Serbia and League of Communists of Slovenia) which abandoned Marxism–Leninism–Titoism for social democracy, the New Communist Party of Yugoslavia could be considered the ideological successor

Parliamentary majority or minority government

Austria (1945–1949) – Communist Party of Austria participated in the provisional coalition of the Government of Austria after World War II and for four more years after the 1945 Austrian legislative election
Bangladesh (1975) – Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
Chad (1993) – Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism
Cyprus (2008–2013) – Progressive Party of Working People
Guyana (1992–2015) – People's Progressive Party
Moldova (2001–2009) – Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
Nepal (1994–1995, 2008–2013) – Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), known from 1994 to 2009 as the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Coalition partner or supporter

Argentina (2003–2015) – Communist Party of Argentina, in coalition governments with Front for Victory
Brazil (2003–2016) – Communist Party of Brazil, in coalition governments with Workers' Party
Bulgaria (2005–2009, 2013–2014) – Communist Party of Bulgaria, in coalition government as member of the Coalition for Bulgaria
Chile (1937–1941, 1942–1946, 1970–1973, 2014–2018) – Communist Party of Chile, in coalition governments as a member of the Popular Front, Democratic Alliance, Popular Unity and now New Majority
Finland (1944–1948, 1966–1970, 1970–1971, 1975–1976 and 1977–1982) – Finnish People's Democratic League, in coalition governments with numerous other parties
France (1981–1989; 1997–2002) – French Communist Party as a part of the Union de la gauche and of the Gauche plurielle
Iran (1946) – Tudeh Party of Iran, in the coalition government of Ahmad Qavam^[6]
Italy (1998–2001, 2006–2008) – Party of Italian Communists in the D'Alema I Cabinet, D'Alema II Cabinet, Amato II Cabinet with the The Olive Tree; Communist Refoundation Party and Party of Italian Communists in the coalition government of The Union
Mali (2005–2014) – Malian Party of Labour, participated in the Alliance for Democracy in Mali
Norway (1945) – Communist Party of Norway in coalition government as member of Gerhardsen's First Cabinet lead by the Labour Party
Peru (2011–2016) – Communist Party of Peru, in coalition governments as member of the Peru Wins
Portugal (2015–2019) – Portuguese Communist Party in support of the XXI Constitutional Government of Portugal led by the Socialist Party
San Marino (1945–1957, 1978–1992) – Sammarinese Communist Party, in coalition government with Sammarinese Socialist Party
Sri Lanka (1970–1975, 2004–2015) – Communist Party of Sri Lanka, in coalition governments with the Sri Lanka Freedom Party
Uruguay (2005–2020) – Communist Party of Uruguay and People's Victory Party, in coalition governments as members of the Broad Front

Modern non-ruling

Former

Afghanistan – Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, became Watan Party of Afghanistan
Albania – Party of Labour of Albania, became Socialist Party of Albania
Angola – Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), abandoned Maoism for social democracy and then nationalism and social conservatism
Bosnia and Herzegovina – League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina abandoned Marxism–Leninism–Titoism for social democracy and civic nationalism and became Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil – Brazilian Communist Party, became Cidadania
Bulgaria – Bulgarian Communist Party, became Bulgarian Socialist Party
Cambodia – Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party, abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy, and became Cambodian People's Party
Congo – Congolese Party of Labour, abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy
Croatia – League of Communists of Croatia abandoned Marxism–Leninism–Titoism for social democracy, and became Social Democratic Party of Croatia
Estonia – Communist Party of Estonia, Communist Party of Estonia (on CPSU platform)
Germany (East) – Socialist Unity Party of Germany, became Party of Democratic Socialism, and is now a part of The Left.
Hungary – Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, became Hungarian Socialist Party
Indonesia – Communist Party of Indonesia, dissolved and banned subsequently after an alleged coup attempt
Mongolia – Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy, and became Mongolian People's Party
Montenegro – League of Communists of Montenegro abandoned Marxism–Leninism–Titoism for social democracy and liberalism, and became Democratic Party of Socialists
Morocco – Party of Progress and Socialism abandoned Marxism–Leninism for Democratic socialism
Mozambique – Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy
Netherlands – Communist Party of the Netherlands, merged with GroenLinks
North Macedonia – League of Communists of Macedonia abandoned Marxism–Leninism–Titoism for social democracy, and became Social Democratic Union of Macedonia
Poland – Polish United Workers' Party, became Democratic Left Alliance
Romania – Communist Party of Romania, became National Salvation Front the descendants of which are Democratic Liberal Party and Social Democratic Party
San Marino – Communist Party of San Marino, became Party of Democrats
Slovenia – League of Communists of Slovenia abandoned Marxism–Leninism–Titoism for social democracy, and became Social Democrats
Serbia – League of Communists of Serbia abandoned Marxism–Leninism–Titoism for democratic socialism and nationalism, later social democracy, and became Socialist Party of Serbia
Tunisia – Tunisian Communist Party, became Movement for Renewal
Yemen – Yemeni Socialist Party, abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy

Defunct

Once ruling

Afghanistan – People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
Albania – Party of Labour of Albania became Socialist Party of Albania
Benin – People's Revolutionary Party of Benin
Bulgaria – Bulgarian Communist Party became Bulgarian Socialist Party
Cambodia – Communist Party of Kampuchea
Czechoslovakia – Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic branch became Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and Slovak branch became the Party of the Democratic Left
Ethiopia – Workers' Party of Ethiopia
Germany – Party of Democratic Socialism (now a part of The Left)
Grenada – New Jewel Movement
Hungary – Hungarian Working People's Party, Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party became Hungarian Socialist Party
Poland – Polish United Workers' Party
Romania – Romanian Communist Party
Somalia – Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
Soviet Union – Communist Party of the Soviet Union, previously the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Yugoslavia – League of Communists of Yugoslavia (as a federation of the constituent republics' parties, it was dissolved in 1990)

Non-ruling

Armenia – Armenian Workers Communist Party, Armenian Workers Union, Marxist Party of Armenia, Union of Communists of Armenia, Renewed Communist Party of Armenia
Australia – Communist Party of Australia
Belgium – Union of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Belgium, founded in 1970.^[28]^[29]^[30]
Belgium – Communist Party of Belgium – Marxist–Leninist, founded in 1976.
Brazil – Free Homeland Party
United Kingdom – Communist Party of Great Britain
Bulgaria – Bulgarian Communist Party – Marxists
Canada – Labor-Progressive Party founded in 1943 when the Communist Party of Canada was banned (resumed former name in 1959), Workers' Communist Party of Canada
Channel Islands – Jersey Communist Party
Chile – Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action), Revolutionary Left Movement
Colombia – Workers Revolutionary Party of Colombia
Costa Rica – Costa Rican People's Party
Cyprus – Communist Party of Cyprus
Cuba – Popular Socialist Party, joined Cuban Communist Party
El Salvador – Communist Party of El Salvador, merged into the FMLN
Free Territory of Trieste – Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste, merged into the Italian Communist Party
Georgia – Revived Communist Party of Georgia, Georgian Workers Communist Party
Germany – Spartacist League formed in 1918 and became the Communist Party of Germany
West Germany – Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin, Communist Party of Germany (banned 1956 in West Germany)
Guatemala – Guatemalan Party of Labour, merged into the URNG
Haiti – Haitian Workers Party, Unified Party of Haitian Communists, merged into the National Reconstruction Movement in 1990
Honduras – Communist Party of Honduras, merged into the Patriotic Renewal Party
Iceland – Communist Party of Iceland
India – Indian Communist Party (Sen)
Indonesia – Communist Party of Indonesia
Ireland – Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
Iraq – Leninist Group in the Iraqi Communist Movement
Israel – Maki (1948–1973) split in 1965 with formation of largely Arab Rakah which changed its name to Maki in 1989
Italy – Communist Party of Italy, Italian Communist Party of the Julian March, Marxist–Leninist Italian Communist Party, Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Party of Italy, Movement for Peace and Socialism, Movement for the Confederation of the Communists
Lebanon – Lebanese People's Party
Malaysia – Malayan Communist Party, North Kalimantan Communist Party
Mexico – Mexican Communist Party
Moldova – Communist Reformers Party of Moldova
Myanmar – Communist Party (Burma)
Namibia – Communist Party of Namibia
Netherlands – Communist Party of the Netherlands merged into GroenLinks in 1989
New Zealand – Communist Party of New Zealand, Socialist Unity Party
Nigeria – Nigerian Communist Party, Socialist Workers and Farmers Party of Nigeria
Norway – Workers' Communist Party merged into the Red Party
Palestine – Communist Party of Palestine (1921–1948)
Poland – Communist Party of Poland
Saudi Arabia – Communist Party in Saudi Arabia
Swaziland – Swaziland Communist Party
Switzerland – Party of Labour Basel, founded in 1944
Taiwan – Taiwanese Communist Party, China Communist Alliance, Communist Party of the Republic of China, Taiwan Democratic Communist Party
Tatarstan – Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan
Thailand – Communist Party of Thailand
Transnistria (unrecognized country) – Communist Party of Pridnestrovie
Trinidad and Tobago – Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago
United States – Communist Party Marxist–Leninist, May 19th Communist Movement, Communist Workers Party, Black Panther Party, Communist Labor Party of America, International Socialist Organization

Left communist organizations by country

The following is a list of left communist organizations by country which list only those political organizations and parties who officially call themselves left communist ideologically and still exist.

Organisations

Australia – Internationalist Communists Oceania
Canada – Klasbatalo
Italy – Internationalist Communist Party (Communist Battle), Lotta Comunista
Iran – Internationalist Voice
United Kingdom – Communist Workers Organisation, World Revolution
United States – Internationalism, Internationalist Workers Group, Workers Offensive
Venezuela – Internationalism

Notes

^ Hong Kong and Macau are administrated under the "one country, two systems" principle.
^ Although the government's official state ideology now incorporates the Juche element of Kim Il-sung's Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism policy as opposed to orthodox Marxism–Leninism, North Korea still considers itself a socialist state.^[1] According to North Korea: A Country Study by Robert L. Worden, Marxism–Leninism was abandoned immediately after the start of de-Stalinisation in the Soviet Union and it has been totally replaced by Juche since at least 1974.^[2] The Workers' Party of Korea is considered by some scholars to not be a communist party.^[3] While recently it started to consider itself as Jucheist exclusively, the party participates in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.^[4]

References

^ Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (27 December 1972). "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the socialist motherland of Juche, which has applied the ideas and leadership of Kim Il-sung".
^ Worden, Robert L. (2008). North Korea: A Country Study (PDF) (5th ed.). Washington, D. C.: Library of Congress. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-8444-1188-0.
^ Shin, Gi-wook (2006). Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804754088.
^ "List of participants of 15th International Meeting of Communist and Workers'". Solidnet. Archived 24 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
^ Mundo Obrero. Comunistas en el gobierno
^ Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 234−237. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
^ "TSE aprova criação da Unidade Popular, o 33° partido político no país" (in Portuguese). Poder360. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
^ "Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Brazil)". Marxist–Leninist Communist Party. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Labour Party of Colombia". Labour Party of Colombia. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Communist Party of the Dominican Republic". Communist Party of the Dominican Republic. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Dominican Workers' Party (Marxist–Leninist)". Dominican Workers' Party. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "New Communist Party of Haiti (Marxist–Leninist)".
^ "Iraqi Revolutionary Marxist–Leninists Regroupment". Iraqi Revolutionary Marxist–Leninists Regroupment. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Japan Labor Party". Japanese Labor Party. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ "Workers' Communist Party In Japan". Workers' Communist Party In Japan. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Filipino Workers Party". Filipino Workers Party. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Polish Party of the Working Class - Initiative Group". Polish Party of the Working Class - Initiative Group. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Regional Party of Communists". Regional Party of Communists. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Reconstrucción Comunista blog". Reconstrucción Comunista. Archived 26 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
^ "Communist Party of Spain (Maoist)". Bandera Roja. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
^ "Inicio". Iniciativa Comunista. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
^ "Kimetz". Kimetz. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
^ "Andalucía Comunista". Andalucía Comunista. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
^ "Red Roja". Red Roja. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
^ "All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks - Ukraine". All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks - Ukraine. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013.
^ "Communist Party Alliance". Communist Party Alliance. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Bolshevik Platform of the KPSS". Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Comunismo #56". Yahoo! GeoCities. Archived 27 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
^ "Syndicalisme de combat et parti révolutionnaire". Anticapitalist Left (in French). Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ "Emall NL" (in Dutch). Marxistische universiteit. Archived 15 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

External links

Leftist Parties of the World (last updated 4 October 2006)
Communist States animation (1850–2016)

[1] Hong Kong and Macau are administrated under the "one country, two systems" principle.

[6] Although the government's official state ideology now incorporates the Juche element of Kim Il-sung's Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism policy as opposed to orthodox Marxism–Leninism, North Korea still considers itself a socialist state.^[1] According to North Korea: A Country Study by Robert L. Worden, Marxism–Leninism was abandoned immediately after the start of de-Stalinisation in the Soviet Union and it has been totally replaced by Juche since at least 1974.^[2] The Workers' Party of Korea is considered by some scholars to not be a communist party.^[3] While recently it started to consider itself as Jucheist exclusively, the party participates in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.^[4]

[2] Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (27 December 1972). "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the socialist motherland of Juche, which has applied the ideas and leadership of Kim Il-sung".

[3] Worden, Robert L. (2008). North Korea: A Country Study (PDF) (5th ed.). Washington, D. C.: Library of Congress. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-8444-1188-0.

[4] Shin, Gi-wook (2006). Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804754088.

[5] "List of participants of 15th International Meeting of Communist and Workers'". Solidnet. Archived 24 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 24 December 2013.

[7] Mundo Obrero. Comunistas en el gobierno

[8] Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 234−237. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.

[9] "TSE aprova criação da Unidade Popular, o 33° partido político no país" (in Portuguese). Poder360. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020.

[10] "Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Brazil)". Marxist–Leninist Communist Party. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[11] "Labour Party of Colombia". Labour Party of Colombia. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[12] "Communist Party of the Dominican Republic". Communist Party of the Dominican Republic. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[13] "Dominican Workers' Party (Marxist–Leninist)". Dominican Workers' Party. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[14] "New Communist Party of Haiti (Marxist–Leninist)".

[15] "Iraqi Revolutionary Marxist–Leninists Regroupment". Iraqi Revolutionary Marxist–Leninists Regroupment. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[16] "Japan Labor Party". Japanese Labor Party. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[17] "Workers' Communist Party In Japan". Workers' Communist Party In Japan. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[18] "Filipino Workers Party". Filipino Workers Party. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[19] "Polish Party of the Working Class - Initiative Group". Polish Party of the Working Class - Initiative Group. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[20] "Regional Party of Communists". Regional Party of Communists. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[21] "Reconstrucción Comunista blog". Reconstrucción Comunista. Archived 26 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 March 2013.

[22] "Communist Party of Spain (Maoist)". Bandera Roja. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2013.

[23] "Inicio". Iniciativa Comunista. Retrieved 11 February 2016.

[24] "Kimetz". Kimetz. Retrieved 11 February 2016.

[25] "Andalucía Comunista". Andalucía Comunista. Retrieved 11 February 2016.

[26] "Red Roja". Red Roja. Retrieved 11 February 2016.

[27] "All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks - Ukraine". All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks - Ukraine. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013.

[28] "Communist Party Alliance". Communist Party Alliance. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[29] "Bolshevik Platform of the KPSS". Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[30] "Comunismo #56". Yahoo! GeoCities. Archived 27 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

[31] "Syndicalisme de combat et parti révolutionnaire". Anticapitalist Left (in French). Retrieved 1 April 2020.

[32] "Emall NL" (in Dutch). Marxistische universiteit. Archived 15 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

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