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Kadapa

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Kadapa
Gadapa
city
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionRayalaseema
DistrictKadapa-Dt
Elevation
138 m (453 ft)
Population
 (2001)[1]
 • Total325,725
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu, Urdu[2]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
516001[3]
Telephone code08562[4]
Vehicle registrationAP-04

Kadapa (formerly Cuddapah) is a city (municipal corporation) in Rayalseema, a region of the south-central part of Andhra Pradesh, India. The city's name originated from the Telugu word "Gadapa " meaning threshold or gate. It was spelled "Cuddapah" but was changed to "Kadapa" on 19 August 2010 to reflect the local pronunciation of the name.[5]

It is located 412 kilometres (256 mi) south of the state capital, Hyderabad and is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the Penna River. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Nallamala and Palakonda hills. The city is nicknamed "Threshold" because it is the gateway from the west to the sacred hill of Tirumala, which is known for its connections to Venkateswara Swamy.

Kishkindakanda, one of the seven kandas of the Ramayanam, is believed to have happened in Vontimitta, Kadapa District. Vontimitta is 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the city. The Anjaneya Swamy temple in Gandi was also believed to be a part of the Ramayanam. It is believed that the statue of Anjaneya Swamy in Gandi was made by Rama on a hill stone with the tip of his arrow to acknowledge his help in finding Sita.

History

Kadapa was a part of the Chola Empire between the 11th and 14th centuries AD. It became part of the Vijayanagar Empire in the latter part of 14th century. The region was under the control of Gandikota Nayaks, governors of the Vijayanagara empire for about two centuries. The most illustrious ruler during this time was Pemmasani Thimma Nayudu (1422 CE) (Pemmasani Nayaks) who developed the region and constructed many tanks and temples here. Muslims of Golkonda conquered the region in 1565[clarification needed] when Mir Jumla[disambiguation needed] raided Gandikota fort and defeated Chinna Thimma Nayudu by treachery.[6] Later the British took control of Kadapa District in 1800 CE. Although the town is an ancient one, it was probably extended by Neknam Khan, the Qutb Shahi commander, who called the extension "Neknamabad".[7] The name "Neknamabad" was used for the town for some time but slowly fell into disuse and the records of the 18th century refer to the rulers not as Nawabs of Nekanamabad but Nawabs of Kadapa.[citation needed] Except for some years in the beginning, Kadapa District was the seat of the Mayana Nawabs in the 18th century.[citation needed] With the British occupation of the tract in 1800 CE it became the headquarters of one of the four subordinate collectorates under the principal collector Sir Thomas Munro.[citation needed] Monuments from the rule of the Kadapa District Nawabs are still found in the town. Most prominent among these are two towers and the dargahs.[citation needed] The city has plenty of temples in and around the city and also has three churches. In 2004 Kadapa was recognized as a municipal corporation.[8]

Geography

Kadapa is located at 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.47°N 78.82°E / 14.47; 78.82.[9] It has an average elevation of 138 metres (452 ft). The District of Kadapa has an area of 8723 m². It is in shape an irregular parallelogram, divided into two nearly equal parts by the range of the Eastern Ghats, which intersects it throughout its entire length. The two tracts thus formed possess totally different features. The first, which constitutes the north, east and south-east of the district, is a low-lying plain; while the other, which comprises the southern and southwestern portion, forms a high table-land from 1500 to 2,500 ft (760 m) above sea-level. The chief river is the Penna, which enters the district from Bellary on the west, and flows eastwards into Nellore. Though a large and broad river, and in the rains containing a great volume of water, in the hot weather months it dwindles down to an inconsiderable stream. Its principal tributaries are the Kundu, Saglair, Cheyair and Papagni rivers.

The city lies in the "Bugga" or "Ralla Vanka" in a hollow bordered on the south by the main Palakondas, part of the eastern ghats, and on the east by a strip of the same hills projecting north towards the Lankamalas on the other side of the Penneru. The two tracts thus formed possess different features. The first, a low-lying plain about 400 ft (120 m) to 450 ft (137 m) above sea level constitutes the north, east and south-east of the city, while the other,which comprises the southern and south-western portion, forms a high table-land from 1500 to 2,500 ft (760 m) above sea-level.

Approximate distances to other cities in Andhra Pradesh

Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census, Kadapa urban agglomeration had a population of 344,078, out of which males were 172,969 and females were 171,109. The literacy rate was 79.34 per cent. Kadapa municipal corporation had a population of 341,823.[10][11]

See also: List of cities in Andhra Pradesh

The population of the district in 1901 was 1,291,267. As of 2001 India census,[1] District had a population of 3,25,725. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Cuddapah has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76% and, female literacy is 64%. In District, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Education

There are numerous schools and colleges in the Kadapa District. These include:

Agriculture and industries

Black corson soil lands are 24%, black soil 25%, sandy soil lands 4%, red soil lands 25%. The first variety lands are very fertile. Sand soil lands are not so fertile. ‘Korra’, orange, lime and betel leaf are the special crops. They are cultivated near river beds. Starting at Sunkesula Dam on Tungabadra river Cuddapah-Kurnool (K.C) Canal flows through Cuddapah and Kurnool districts providing water to 40 km² of cultivable land. The main source of drinking water to this district is Galer-Nagari-Sujalasravanthi Canal. The principal crops are millet, rice other food grains, pulse, oilseeds, cotton and indigo. The two last are largely exported. There are several steam factories for pressing cotton, and indigo vats. The district is served by lines of the Madras and the South Indian railways.

This district is the repository of mineral wealth. As per the 1983 survey of geological survey of India 30lakh tons of lead, 740lakh tons of barrettes, 27000tons asbestos deposits are there. It is estimated that 700lakh tons of barites deposits might be there in Mangampet. There are clay deposits in Rajampet. This is used to make stone implements. Limestone is available in Yerraguntla, M/s. Coramandal Fertilizers established a cement factory in Chilamkur with an annual yield of 10lakh tons. Bharat cement corporation increases its capacity to 10 lakh tons. National mineral development corporation is extracting asbestos in Brahman palli and barieties in Mangampet.Kadapa is also famous for "cuddapah stone" used in building construction and for slabs especially in the south India.

The forest area is 5,050 km². It is 32.87% of the district area. It is known that elephants required for the Golconda army were supplied from here. In the northeast part of the district rainfall is high. Red sandalwood is available in plenty. This is the only area in India where red sandalwood is available. A National park has been set up in Seshachalam hills for wild animals. 181 are employed in the sole paper industry in the district and its capital investment is Rs. 227 lakhs. There are mineral related industries and electrical instruments industries. Zuari Cements, India Cement Ltd. and Corus India Ltd. are the other industries.

References

  1. ^ a b Template:GR
  2. ^ http://www.languageinindia.com/april2003/urduinap.html
  3. ^ "IndiaPost – Pincode Search – Proddatur". New Delhi, India: India Post. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  4. ^ "STD Codes (Andhra Pradesh)". Sarkaritel. 2005. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  5. ^ "It will be `YSR District' henceforth". The Hindu. 2005-08-18. Retrieved 2008-10-28. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ Carnatic Chronology: Hindu and Mahomedan, C. P. Brown, 1863, Bernard Quartich, London
  7. ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. 11. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908-19-31. pp. 57–73. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ "Brief about Kadapa Municipal Corporation". Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  9. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Cuddapah
  10. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 2012-10-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  11. ^ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 2012-20-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


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