List of megaprojects
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of megaprojects, i.e., extremely large-scale investment projects. The number of such projects is so large that the list may never be fully completed.
Definitions [edit]
Megaprojects may be defined as:
- Projects that cost more than US$1 billion and attract a lot of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, environment, and budgets
- Projects can also be "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public"[1]
Megaprojects require care in the project development process to reduce any possible optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation. Examples of megaprojects include bridges, tunnels, highways, railways, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems.
This list identifies a wide variety of examples of major historic and contemporary projects that meet one or both megaproject criteria identified above.
Aerospace projects [edit]
- Airbus A380, a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by Airbus, a subsidiary of EADS, the largest passenger airliner in the world.
- Airbus A350, a single deck, wide-body, two-engine, jet airliner produced by the European company Airbus. The A350 will be the first Airbus with both fuselage and wing structures made primarily of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer.
- Antonov An-225 (1988), the longest and heaviest aircraft in the world in service.
- Rockwell B-1 Lancer, a supersonic bomber with a variable-sweep wing built in the 1980s as a strategic bomber. It has since acquired conventional and multi-role capabilities.
- Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (also known as the Stealth Bomber), a US heavy bomber with "low observable" stealth.
- Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the first nuclear bomber, which cost 50% more than the development of the bombs in the Manhattan Project.
- Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, the longest-running bomber program in the world with decades of service, one of the largest military aircraft ever built.
- Boeing 2707 and Lockheed L-2000 supersonic aircraft projects, initiated in 1963 via a US government-funded competition to build the United States' first Supersonic Transport (SST), prototypes never built, ultimately canceled due to political, environmental and economic reasons in 1971.
- Boeing 747, a wide-body commercial airliner first produced in 1970, often referred to by the nickname Jumbo Jet,[2][3] is among the world's most recognizable aircraft.
- Boeing 787, made in the United States with local and globally sourced parts, is the first major aircraft to be made largely out of composite materials[4]
- Concorde, a supersonic passenger airliner, a product of an Anglo-French government treaty that combined the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation, first flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued commercial flights for twenty-seven years.
- Eurofighter Typhoon, a twin-engine canard–delta wing multirole aircraft designed and built by a consortium of three separate partner companies: Alenia Aeronautica, BAE Systems, and EADS, working through a holding company Eurofighter GmbH that was formed in 1986.[5]
- F-22 Raptor, a single seat, twin-engine fifth-generation fighter aircraft manufactured by Lockheed Martin that uses stealth technology.
- Rafale is a French twin-engine delta-wing fighter aircraft designed and built by Dassault Aviation. The Rafale is a multirole combat aircraft; capable of simultaneously undertaking air supremacy, interdiction, reconnaissance, and the airborne nuclear deterrent missions.
- Sukhoi PAK FA/HAL FGFA, two variants of fifth-generation single and twin-engine stealth jet fighters jointly being developed by Sukhoi OKB and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for the Russian and the Indian Air Forces respectively.
- F-35 Lightning II, a fifth-generation, single-seat, single-engine stealth multirole fighter manufactured by Lockheed Martin. Variants of the F-35 are planned to replace five classes of combat aircraft that are presently in use with roles as varied as close air support, tactical bombing, and air defense missions.
- F/A-18 Hornet, a twin-engine supersonic, all-weather carrier-capable multirole fighter jet, designed to intercept air threats and attack ground targets.
- KH-11 reconnaissance satellite, manufactured by Lockheed Corporation, and launched between 1976 and 1990.
- Tupolev Tu-144, the first supersonic transport aircraft, made by the Russian aircraft company Tupolev, first flown on 31 December 1968 and entered service on 26 December 1970.
- Chengdu J-20, a fifth-generation, stealth, twin-engine fighter aircraft prototype developed by Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group for the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).
- Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft, is a single-seat, twin-engine fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter being developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited of India for the Indian Air Force.
Airport projects [edit]
Cost will be calculated either as an airport project or an airport construction if the project is not explicitly stated on the table.
Airport construction [edit]
| Airport | Location | IATA Code | Passengers 2009-10 (total) | Cost (in US Dollars) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Abdulaziz International Airport | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | JED | 18,000,000 | Project total – 7.2 billion[6] |
| Abu Dhabi International Airport | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | AUH | 9,700,000 | Project total – 6.8 billion |
| Al Maktoum International Airport | Jebel Ali, UAE | DWC | Project cost – 10 billion. | |
| Amsterdam Airport Schiphol | Amsterdam, Netherlands | AMS | 43,570,370 | |
| Athens International Airport | Athens, Greece | ATH | 16,225,885 | Airport cost – 3 billion |
| Bandung Majalengka International Airport | Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia | N/A | Airport cost – 15 Billion (planned) | |
| Barcelona International Airport | Barcelona, Spain | BCN | 29,209,595 | Airport cost – 4 billion |
| Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport | Berlin, Germany | BER | Airport cost – 4 billion | |
| Denver International Airport | Denver, Colorado, United States | DEN | 50,167,485 | Airport cost – 4.8 billion |
| Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport | Guangzhou, China | CAN | 37,048,712 | Airport cost – 3 billion |
| Hong Kong International Airport | Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong | HKG | 45,558,807 | Airport cost – 2 billion
Project cost – 20 billion |
| Incheon International Airport | Incheon, South Korea | ICN | 28,677,161 | Phase 1 – 5 billion
Phase 2 – 2.6 billion |
| Kansai International Airport | Japan | KIX | 13,516,000 | Airport cost – 20 billion |
| King Shaka International Airport | Durban, South Africa | DUR | 7,500,000 | Airport cost – 1 billion |
| Kuala Lumpur International Airport | Malaysia | KUL | 39,887,866 | Airport cost – 3.5 billion |
| Kuala Namu International Airport | Medan, Indonesia | N/A | Airport cost – 4.4 billion[7] | |
| Long Thanh International Airport | Vietnam | N/A | Airport cost – 10 billion estimated | |
| Newark Liberty International Airport | Newark, New Jersey, United States | EWR | 33,399,207 | |
| New Lisbon Airport | Lisbon, Portugal | N/A | 4.5 billion estimated (planned) | |
| Suvarnabhumi Airport | Bangkok, Thailand | BKK | 40,500,224 | Airport cost – 3.8 billion |
Airport expansion [edit]
Building projects [edit]
Canal projects [edit]
- Arabian Canal, United Arab Emirates (on hold, possibly indefinitely)
- Danube – Black Sea Canal, Romania
- Panama Canal, Panama, 1914
- Panama Canal Expansion, Panama (anticipated completion 2015)
[edit]
- Green Wall of China, People's Republic of China
Information technology projects [edit]
- The National Broadband Network, a FTTP network under construction in Australia, proposing to connect 93% of premises with optical fiber connections and the remainder with fixed wireless or satellite
Military projects [edit]
- Atlantic Wall, Europe
- Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier, United States (under construction)
- Maginot Line, France
- Manhattan Project, United States
- Nimitz-class aircraft carrier, the 10 largest warships ever built, United States
Oil and gas projects [edit]
Main article: Oil Megaprojects
Stadiums and sporting venues [edit]
- Cowboys Stadium, Arlington, Texas, United States. (2009). Largest capacity for a fully retractable roof stadium.
Rail and rapid transit projects [edit]
- AlpTransit (NEAT), Switzerland, rail links through the Swiss Alps including Gotthard Base Tunnel and Lötschberg Base Tunnel
- Amsterdam Subway, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Athens Metro, Athens, Greece
- AVE High Speed Rail, Spain
- Barcelona Metro, Barcelona, Spain
- Bay Area Rapid Transit System, San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States
- Beijing Subway, Beijing, China
- Berlin Metro, Berlin, Germany
- Betuweroute, Netherlands
- Brussels Metro, Brussels, Belgium
- Bucharest Metro, Bucharest, Romania
- Budapest Metro, Budapest, Hungary
- Buenos Aires Metro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- California High-Speed Rail, between Sacramento, San Francisco and Los Angeles, in California (under construction)
- Center City Commuter Connection, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Crossrail, London, United Kingdom
- Chennai Metro, Chennai, India
- Channel Tunnel, (French: Le tunnel sous la Manche), known colloquially as the Chunnel, is a 50.5-kilometre (31.4 mi) undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent near Dover in the United Kingdom with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais near Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover.
- Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago, United States
- Copenhagen Metro, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Delhi Metro, New Delhi, India
- Dubai Metro, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Düsseldorf Stadtbahn, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Eurostar Line, Europe
- Frankfurt U-Bahn, Frankfurt, Germany
- Gateway Project, New York City, United States (Proposed)
- Gautrain in Gauteng, South Africa between Johannesburg and Pretoria
- Greater KL MRT, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link between Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong
- Guangzhou Metro, Guangzhou, China
- Haramain High Speed Rail Project, Saudi Arabia
- High Speed 1, Ebbsfleet International railway station, London, United Kingdom
- Hyderabad Metro, Hyderabad, India
- Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Kashmir Railway, India
- Kochi Metro, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Kolkata Metro, India
- Konkan Railway between Mangalore and Mumbai
- London Underground, United Kingdom
- Los Angeles Subway, United States
- Namma Metro, Bangalore, India
- Northeast Corridor, United States
- Madrid Metro, Spain
- Mandurah railway line, Australia
- Marmaray in Istanbul, Turkey, an express railway system connecting Europe and Asia under waters of Bosphorus
- Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Massachusetts, United States
- Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Mexico City Metro, Mexico City, Mexico
- Miami Subway, Miami, United States
- Milan Metro, Milan, Italy
- Mindanao Railway System, Mindanao, Philippines
- Montreal Metro, Quebec, Canada
- Moscow Metro, Moscow, Russia
- MTR, Hong Kong
- Mumbai Metro, Mumbai, India
- Munich U-Bahn, Munich, Germany
- New York City Subway, New York City, United States
- Paris Métro, Paris, France
- Prague Metro, Prague, Czech Republic
- Prokop Railway Station, Belgrade, Serbia. The entire project is worth an estimated 2 billion US dollars, and is scheduled to be completed within a decade.
- Qingzang railway in Qinghai and Tibet, China
- Link Light Rail, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Rail Axis Berlin-Palermo, European Union (Germany, Austria, Italy), a high speed corridor consisting of several projects including Brenner Base Tunnel and Strait of Messina Bridge[8]
- Rail Axis Paris-Bratislava, European Union (France, Germany, Austria, Slovakia), a high speed corridor consisting of several projects including Stuttgart 21 and Vienna Main Station[9]
- Rio de Janeiro Metro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Saint Petersburg Metro, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Santiago Metro, Santiago, Chile
- São Paulo Metro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Seikan Tunnel in Japan
- Seoul Metropolitan Subway, Seoul, South Korea
- SEPTA Regional Rail, Philadelphia, United States
- Shanghai Metro, Shanghai, China
- Shiraz Metro, Shiraz, Iran (Construction halted; no line is operational 10 years after construction began)
- SkyTrain, Vancouver, Canada
- Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor, Washington, DC to Jacksonville, United States (not yet built)
- Stockholm Metro, Stockholm, Sweden
- Singapore Metro, Singapore
- Stuttgart 21, Germany
- Taipei Metro, Taiwan
- Taiwan High Speed Rail, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Tehran Metro, Tehran, Iran
- Thessaloniki Metro, Thessaloniki, Greece. The initial stage of construction is set at 1.052 billion euro, or 1.5 billion dollars.
- Toronto subway and RT, Toronto, Canada
- Transcontinental railroads
- Transit City, Toronto, Canada
- Vienna U-Bahn, Vienna, Austria
- Washington Metro, Washington, D.C., United States
Bridge and highway projects [edit]
- A1 motorway (Croatia) between Zagreb and Split, with extension being built to Dubrovnik, Croatia
- A3 motorway (Romania) between Brașov and Oradea
- A4 motorway (Romania) between Iaşi and Târgu Mureş
- Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, Japan
- Alaska Highway, mostly in Canada and extending to Alaska, United States, 1942
- Ambassador Bridge, Michigan, United States
- Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge, South Carolina, United States
- Baluarte Bridge, Mexico
- Bandra–Worli Sea Link, Mumbai, India
- Bang Na Expressway, Thailand, Bang Na Expressway
- Brooklyn Bridge, New York City, United States
- Bundesautobahn 20, Germany, part of the larger German Autobahn system.
- Central Artery/Tunnel Project, widely known as the Big Dig, Boston, Massachusetts, United States[10]
- Central Texas Turnpike, Texas, United States
- Champlain Bridge Replacement, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Confederation Bridge, connecting Prince Edward Island to mainland Canada
- Delaware Memorial Bridge, New Jersey, United States
- Egnatia Odos, Greece
- Expressway Network of the People's Republic of China
- Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link and its connections on land, linking Denmark and Germany
- Gateway Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- George Washington Bridge, New York City, United States
- Golden Gate Bridge, United States
- Golden Quadrilateral Project, India
- Great Belt Fixed Link (Storebæltsforbindelsen), Denmark
- Hangzhou Bay Bridge, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, technically a series of bridges and roads, this will be a 50-km link between Zhuhai, Hong Kong, and Macau, due to be completed in 2015–16.
- Humber Bridge, United Kingdom
- Interstate Highway System, United States of America, itself a small part of the much larger National Highway System, the latter of which is by far the longest system of roads in the world.
- Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, Qingdao, China, the world's longest bridge over water
- Karakoram Highway, Pakistan, highest paved international road in the world
- Lahore Ring Road, Lahore, Pakistan near completion.
- Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, United States, one of the longest bridges in the world.
- Mackinac Bridge, United States
- Manhattan Bridge, New York City, United States
- Millau Viaduct, France, the tallest bridge in the world.
- National Highways Development Project, India
- Pan-American Highway, Extending from North to South America.
- Port Tunnel Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Richmond – San Rafael Bridge, California, United States.
- Rio–Antirrio bridge, Greece, Europe's largest cable-stayed bridge
- Rio–Niterói bridge, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Roman road system of antiquity
- Russky Bridge, Russia
- Seven Mile Bridge, Florida, United States
- Spaghetti Junction, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- Strait of Messina Bridge, planned to be the longest suspension bridge in the world
- Sunda Strait Bridge, Indonesia, potentially Southeast Asia's longest oversea bridge (Development will be carried out in 2014)
- Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Florida, United States
- Suramadu Bridge, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Trans-Canada Highway, Canada
- Turcot Interchange Reconstruction, Montreal, Canada
- Vasco da Gama Bridge, Portugal, Europe's largest bridge
- WestConnex, Sydney, Australia
- Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, New York City, United States
- Woodrow Wilson Bridge, United States
- Øresund Bridge and its connections on land, like the City Tunnel (Malmö), Sweden and Denmark.
Science projects [edit]
- Atacama Large Millimeter Array,
- Compact Linear Collider, (plan)
- Envisat, an Earth observation satellite of European Space Agency (2002–2012)
- European Extremely Large Telescope,
- European x-ray free electron laser, plan operating in 2015.
- Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, (2012–)[11]
- Human Genome Project, investigation to determine human genetic sequence (1990-Ongoing)
- International Linear Collider, (plan)
- ITER International nuclear fusion project, in France (2008-Ongoing)
- Large Binocular Telescope,
- Large Hadron Collider 14 TeV particle accelerator, in Switzerland and France (2000-Ongoing)
- Manhattan Project, in the United States (1945)
- National Ignition Facility, United States nuclear fusion project (1997-Ongoing)
- Square Kilometre Array,
- Superconducting Super Collider, canceled 40 TeV particle accelerator in Texas (1991–1993)
- Tevatron 2 TeV particle accelerator, in the United States (1983)
- Thirty Meter Telescope,
- Very Large Array, a radio astronomy observatory in USA
Spaceflight projects [edit]
- Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station (2011– )
- Apollo program (1960–1975)
- Biak Space Port, Biak, Indonesia
- Buran program, canceled space shuttle program (1980–1993)
- Cassini–Huygens, a joint NASA/ESA/ASI spacecraft mission studying the planet Saturn and its many natural satellites since 2004
- Compass navigation system, an independent system of satellite navigation by People's Republic of China (Est. 2015–2017)
- Constellation program, cancelled planned moon landing spacecraft and space shuttle replacement, part lives on as future Crew Escape Vehicle for ISS (2005–2010)
- Galileo (spacecraft), a mission to Jupiter (1989–2003)
- Galileo Navigation Satellite System, a European Union and European Space Agency global satellite navigation system (Est. 2014)
- Global Positioning System, a global satellite navigation system created by the United States Air Force (1994)
- GLONASS, the Russian equivalent of GPS (1995)
- Herschel Space Observatory, European Space Agency space observatory sensitive to the far infrared and submillimetre bands
- Hubble Space Telescope
- International Space Station, multinational space station in low Earth orbit (1998–2020)
- James Webb Space Telescope (under construction)
- Juno (spacecraft), a NASA New Frontiers mission to the planet Jupiter (2011– )
- Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, a planned mission to Jupiter (Est. 2022)
- Kennedy Space Center, The Main Spaceport in the USA.
- Mars Science Laboratory
- Mir, Russian space station (1986–2001)
- Orion (spacecraft), a planned spacecraft that is being built by Lockheed Martin for NASA
- Soviet Moonshot, canceled moon landing program (1962–1969)
- Space Shuttle program (1972–2011)
- Spektr-R, the largest space radio telescope in orbit.
Planned cities and urban renewal projects [edit]
| Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Special Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Songdo International Business District | Seoul, South Korea |  Under development |
$40,000,000,000 | To be the model of a lifestyle merged with wide area network. It was also constructed for the full establishment of Korea as a center of Eastern Asia. |
| Navi Mumbai | India |  Completed |
World's largest planned city. Contains a population of 2.6 million.[12] | |
| Roppongi Hills | Tokyo, Japan | Completed |
$4,000,000,000 | One of Japan's largest integrated property developments. |
| CityCenter | Las Vegas, United States | Completed |
$11,000,000,000 | The largest privately financed development in the United States. |
| Potsdamer Platz Redevelopment | Berlin, Germany | Completed |
Project divided onto four parts in which four investors bids in turn. | |
| La Défense | Paris, France | Completed |
The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character. | |
| Putrajaya | Malaysia | Completed |
$8,100,000,000 | |
| Brasilia | Brazil | Completed |
||
| King Abdullah Economic City | Saudi Arabia | Under development |
$86,000,000,000 |
No credible signs of development are present, and the Wikipedia article for this project has serious issues regarding citations and information on it. |
| Khazar Islands | Azerbaijan | Under development |
Artificial archipelago 25 km (16 mi) south of Baku, Azerbaijan consisting of 41 islands spreading 3,000 hectares (about 11.6 sq mi) over the Caspian Sea. Expected to be finished by 2020–2025, houses 1 million population | |
| Rebuilding of Christchurch | New Zealand | Under development |
$17,000,000,000 | Recovery from earthquakes in 2010–2011. Rebuild of central business district, demolition and remediation of several residential neighbourhoods now deemed unsuitable for building. Infrastructure upgrades and addition of commuter rail. Entire project to be completed by 2020. |
| Gujarat International Finance Tec-City | India | Under development |
$20,000,000,000 | Expected to be finished by 2017–2018 |
| Madinaty | Egypt | Under development |
$10,000,000,000 | Expected to open by 2014, houses 600,000 population |
| HafenCity | Hamburg, Germany | Under development |
Completion expected in 2020–2030 | |
| Stratford City | London, United Kingdom | Under development |
£3,500,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2020. |
| Movement of Kiruna Centrum | Kiruna, Sweden | Under development |
$2,100,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2013. |
| Palm Islands, The World (archipelago) and Dubai Waterfront | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Under development |
Artificial island developments in Dubai. Development has slowed to nearly a halt in most areas of these islands, and has completely stopped or else never gotten off the ground in others. | |
| Porto Maravilha | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Under development |
$35,700,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2015. |
| Brickell Key | Miami, United States | Completed |
||
| Eastwood City | Quezon City, Philippines | Completed |
N/A | Ongoing project of MegaWorld Corporation, one of the biggest real-estate companies in the Philippines. |
| Pagcor City | Manila Bay, Philippines | Under development |
$15,000,000,000 | A casino and entertainment hub project, dubbed as the "Philippines' Las Vegas". |
| Riverside South | New York City, United States | Under development |
$3,000,000,000 | |
| Bonifacio Global City | Philippines | Completed |
N/A | A new CBD area for Metro Manila, previously occupied by the Philippine Army headquarters |
| New Songdo City | Incheon, South Korea | Under development |
$40,000,000,000 | |
| Moscow International Business Center | Moscow, Russia | Under development |
$12,000,000,000 | |
| Dubailand | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |  Construction halted |
$64,000,000,000 | |
| Atlantic Yards | New York City, United States | Under development |
The project's centerpiece, Barclays Center already broke ground on March 11, 2010. | |
| Battery Park City | New York City, United States | Completed |
||
| Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project | New York City, United States |  Proposed |
||
| Esplanada City Center | Bucharest, Romania | Cancelled |
$4,200,000,000 | |
| Big City Plan | Birmingham, United Kingdom | Proposed |
$17,000,000,000 | |
| Okhta Center | Saint Petersburg, Russia | On hold |
$2,500,000,000 | Original plans abandoned, will be relocated onto other sites. |
Dam and hydroelectric projects [edit]
Below are dam and hydroelectric projects throughout the world that produce significant amounts of electricity, irrigate large areas of land, create some of the world's largest man-made lakes or have had significant social, environmental, political implications that reached international dimensions. Being some of the most expensive, innovative and difficult engineering feats, these projects include some of the tallest and largest dams in the world.
- Akosombo Dam, Ghana
- Alqueva Dam, Alentejo, Portugal (Dam completed, plans for irrigation and tourism to be completed in 2025)
- Aswan Dam, Egypt
- Atatürk Dam, Turkey
- Bakun Dam, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Belo Monte Dam, Brazil (under construction)
- Bhakra Dam, India
- Cahora Bassa Dam, Mozambique
- Churchill Falls Generating Station, Canada
- Delta Works, Netherlands
- Diamer-Bhasha Dam, Pakistan (under construction)
- Guri Dam, Venezuela
- Grand Coulee Dam, United States
- Grande Dixence Dam, Switzerland
- Hirakud Dam, India
- Hoover Dam, United States
- Idukki Dam, Kerala, India
- Ilısu Dam, Turkey (under construction)
- Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo (project)
- Itaipu Dam, Brazil/Paraguay
- James Bay Project, Canada
- Jinping 1 Dam, China
- Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant, Iceland
- Manapouri Hydroelectric Power Station, New Zealand
- Manicouagan Project, Canada – see also Manic-2, Manic-3, and Manic-5
- Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, India
- Nurek Dam, Tajikistan
- Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station, United States
- Sayano–Shushenskaya Dam, Russia
- Snowy Mountains Scheme, Australia
- Tabqa Dam, Syria
- Tarbela Dam, Pakistan
- Tehri Dam, India
- Tennessee Valley Authority, United States
- Three Gorges Dam, China
- Xiaowan Dam, China
Water infrastructure projects [edit]
- Chicago River reversing its course, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Colorado River Storage Project, United States
- Deep Tunnel Project, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Delta Works, Netherlands
- East Bay Municipal Utility District in Oakland, California, United States[13]
- Elan aqueduct, 73 mile aqueduct from Elan Valley to Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Four Major Rivers Project, South Korea
- Great Manmade River, Libya (Likely cancelled due to civil war and overthrow of the regime that sponsored it)
- Gulf Intracoastal Waterway West Closure Complex, New Orleans, United States. A flood barrier complete with the world's largest pumping station.
- G-Cans project, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
- MOSE Project, Venice, Italy
- Zuiderzee Works, Netherlands
- New York City water supply system, New York, United States
- Saint Lawrence Seaway, United States and Canada
- Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Snowy Mountains Scheme in New South Wales/Victoria, Australia
- South–North Water Transfer Project, People's Republic of China
- State Water Project, California, United States
- Thames Tideway Scheme, London, United Kingdom
- Thames Barrier, London, United Kingdom
- Southeastern Anatolia Project, Turkey
- Saint Petersburg Dam, Russia
Other [edit]
- Alta Wind Energy Center, USA
- Gansu Wind Farm, China
- Muria Nuclear Power Plant, Indonesia
- Negev Nuclear Research Center, Israel
- Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant, Finland
- Oasis class cruise ship
- Plan Nord – a mining and infrastructure plan for Northern Quebec in Canada (announced 2011)
See also [edit]
- List of world's most expensive transport infrastructure
- List of most expensive U.S. public works projects
- List of Russian megaprojects
References [edit]
- ^ Altshuler, Alan; Luberoff, David (30 April 2003). Mega-Projects: The Changing Politics of Urban Public Investment. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-0129-3.
- ^ "Woman to build house out of 747". BBC News. 20 April 2006. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ Sutter, Joe; Spenser, Jay (1 May 2007). 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Collins. ISBN 0-06-088242-5.
- ^ Norris, G.; Thomas, G.; Wagner, M. and Forbes Smith, C. (2005). Boeing 787 Dreamliner – Flying Redefined. Aerospace Technical Publications International. ISBN 0-9752341-2-9.
- ^ "A History of the Programme". EuroFighter.com. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ Jed-airport.com
- ^ "North Sumatra to get new airport soon". April 4, 2006.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Dan McNichol and Andy Ryan, The Big Dig, Silver Lining Press, 1991
- ^ FAIR: New German particle accelerator clears first hurdle
- ^ Appraisal of City Development Plan - Navi Mumbai. National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2008.
- ^ Environmental Impact Statement for the East Bay Municipal Utility District Wet Weather Overflow Project, EMI prepared for the U.S. EPA and East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Ca. (1985)
