January 1
Appearance
<< | January | >> | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |||
2024 |
January 1 in recent years |
2024 (Monday) |
2023 (Sunday) |
2022 (Saturday) |
2021 (Friday) |
2020 (Wednesday) |
2019 (Tuesday) |
2018 (Monday) |
2017 (Sunday) |
2016 (Friday) |
2015 (Thursday) |
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
- 153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in office on January 1.[1]
- 45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.[2]
- 42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar.[3]
- 193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.[4]
- 404 – Saint Telemachus tries to stop a gladiatorial fight in a Roman amphitheatre, and is stoned to death by the crowd. This act impresses the Christian Emperor Honorius, who issues a historic ban on gladiatorial fights.[5]
- 417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his famous general (magister militum) (probable).[6]
- 1001 – Grand Prince Stephen I of Hungary is named the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II (probable).[7]
- 1068 – Romanos IV Diogenes marries Eudokia Makrembolitissa and is crowned Byzantine Emperor.[8]
- 1259 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is proclaimed co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea with his ward John IV Laskaris.[9]
- 1438 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.
- 1502 – The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is first explored by the Portuguese.[10]
- 1515 – Twenty-year-old Francis, Duke of Brittany, succeeds to the French throne following the death of his father-in-law, Louis XII.[11]
- 1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin.[12]
1601 – 1900
- 1600 – Scotland recognises January 1 as the start of the year, instead of March 25.[13]
- 1651 – Charles II is crowned King of Scotland.[14]
- 1700 – Russia begins using the Anno Domini era instead of the Anno Mundi era of the Byzantine Empire.[15]
- 1707 – John V is proclaimed King of Portugal and the Algarves in Lisbon.[16]
- 1739 – Bouvet Island, the world's remotest island, is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.[17]
- 1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which could be used in 90 European cities, are issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.[18]
- 1773 – The hymn that became known as "Amazing Grace", then titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton in the town of Olney, Buckinghamshire, England.[19]
- 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Norfolk, Virginia is burned by combined Royal Navy and Continental Army action.[20]
- 1776 – General George Washington hoists the first United States flag, the Grand Union Flag, at Prospect Hill.[21]
- 1781 – American Revolutionary War: One thousand five hundred soldiers of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment under General Anthony Wayne's command rebel against the Continental Army's winter camp in Morristown, New Jersey in the Pennsylvania Line Mutiny of 1781.[22]
- 1788 – First edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.[23]
- 1801 – The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is proclaimed.[24]
- 1801 – Ceres, the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt, is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.[25]
- 1803 – Emperor Gia Long orders all bronze wares of the Tây Sơn dynasty to be collected and melted into nine cannons for the Royal Citadel in Huế, Vietnam.
- 1804 – French rule ends in Haiti. Haiti becomes the first black-majority republic and second independent country in North America after the United States.[26]
- 1806 – The French Republican Calendar is abolished.[27]
- 1808 – The United States bans the importation of slaves.[28]
- 1810 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales.[29]
- 1822 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.[30]
- 1834 – Most of Germany forms the Zollverein customs union, the first such union between sovereign states.[31]
- 1847 – The world's first "Mercy" Hospital is founded in Pittsburgh, United States, by a group of Sisters of Mercy from Ireland;[32] the name will go on to grace over 30 major hospitals throughout the world.
- 1860 – The first Polish stamp is issued, replacing the Russian stamps previously in use.[33]
- 1861 – Liberal forces supporting Benito Juárez enter Mexico City.[34]
- 1863 – American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.[35]
- 1877 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India.[36]
- 1885 – Twenty-five nations adopt Sandford Fleming's proposal for standard time (and also, time zones).[37]
- 1890 – Eritrea is consolidated into a colony by the Italian government.[38]
- 1892 – Ellis Island begins processing immigrants into the United States.[39]
- 1898 – New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.
- 1899 – Spanish rule ends in Cuba.[40]
1901 – present
- 1901 – The Southern Nigeria Protectorate is established within the British Empire.[41]
- 1901 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.[42]
- 1902 – The first American college football bowl game, the Rose Bowl between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California.[43]
- 1910 – Captain David Beatty is promoted to Rear admiral, and becomes the youngest admiral in the Royal Navy (except for Royal family members) since Horatio Nelson.[44]
- 1912 – The Republic of China is established.[45]
- 1914 – The SPT Airboat Line becomes the world's first scheduled airline to use a winged aircraft.[46]
- 1923 – Britain's Railways are grouped into the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, and LMS.
- 1927 – New Mexican oil legislation goes into effect, leading to the formal outbreak of the Cristero War.[47]
- 1928 – Boris Bazhanov defects through Iran. He is the only assistant of Joseph Stalin's secretariat to have defected from the Eastern Bloc.[48]
- 1929 – The former municipalities of Point Grey, British Columbia and South Vancouver, British Columbia are amalgamated into Vancouver.[49]
- 1932 – The United States Post Office Department issues a set of 12 stamps commemorating the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.[50]
- 1934 – Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay becomes a United States federal prison.[51]
- 1934 – A "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring" comes into effect in Nazi Germany.[52]
- 1942 – The Declaration by United Nations is signed by twenty-six nations.[53]
- 1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte, a massive, but failed, attempt to knock out Allied air power in northern Europe in a single blow.[54]
- 1947 – Cold War: The American and British occupation zones in Allied-occupied Germany, after World War II, merge to form the Bizone, which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.[55]
- 1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 comes into effect, converting British subjects into Canadian citizens.[56] Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first Canadian citizen.
- 1948 – The British railway network is nationalized to form British Railways.[57]
- 1949 – United Nations cease-fire takes effect in Kashmir from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan stops accordingly.[58]
- 1956 – Sudan achieves independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom.[59]
- 1957 – George Town, Penang, is made a city by a royal charter of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.[60]
- 1957 – Lèse majesté in Thailand is strengthened to include "insult" and changed to a crime against national security, after the Thai criminal code of 1956 went into effect.[61]: 6, 18
- 1958 – The European Economic Community is established.[62]
- 1959 – Cuban Revolution: Fulgencio Batista, dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces.[63]
- 1960 – Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.[64]
- 1962 – Western Samoa achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.[65]
- 1964 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.[66]
- 1965 – The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is founded in Kabul, Afghanistan.
- 1970 – The defined beginning of Unix time, at 00:00:00.[67]
- 1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
- 1973 – Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom are admitted into the European Economic Community.[68]
- 1976 – A bomb explodes on board Middle East Airlines Flight 438 over Qaisumah, Saudi Arabia, killing all 81 people on board.[69]
- 1978 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashes into the Arabian Sea off the coast of Bombay, India, due to instrument failure, spatial disorientation, and pilot error, killing all 213 people on board.[70]
- 1979 – Normal diplomatic relations are established between the People's Republic of China and the United States.[71]
- 1981 – Greece is admitted into the European Community.[72]
- 1982 – Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes the first Latin American to hold the title of Secretary-General of the United Nations.[73]
- 1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using TCP/IP, the Internet Protocol, effectively creating the Internet.[74]
- 1984 – The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 United States Department of Justice antitrust suit against AT&T.[75]
- 1984 – Brunei becomes independent of the United Kingdom.[76]
- 1985 – The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of Vodafone.
- 1987 – The Isleta Pueblo tribe elect Verna Williamson to be their first female governor.[77]
- 1988 – The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.[78]
- 1989 – The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.[79]
- 1990 – David Dinkins is sworn in as New York City's first black mayor.[80]
- 1993 – Dissolution of Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia is divided into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.[81]
- 1994 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of Chiapas.[82]
- 1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes into effect.[83]
- 1995 – The World Trade Organization comes into being.[84]
- 1995 – The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves.[85]
- 1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU.[86]
- 1998 – Following a currency reform, Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.[87]
- 1999 – Euro currency is introduced in 11 member nations of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden; Greece adopts the euro two years later).[88]
- 2004 – In a vote of confidence, General Pervez Musharraf wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the Electoral College of Pakistan, and according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, is "deemed to be elected" to the office of President until October 2007.[89]
- 2007 – Bulgaria and Romania join the EU.
- 2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 breaks apart in mid-air and crashes near the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, killing all 102 people on board.[90]
- 2009 – Sixty-six people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.[91]
- 2010 – A suicide car bomber detonates at a volleyball tournament in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.[92]
- 2011 – A bomb explodes as Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt, leave a new year service, killing 23 people.[93]
- 2011 – Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the 17th Eurozone country.[94]
- 2013 – At least 60 people are killed and 200 injured in a stampede after celebrations at Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
- 2015 – The Eurasian Economic Union comes into effect, creating a political and economic union between Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.[95]
- 2017 – An attack on a nightclub in Istanbul, Turkey, during New Year's celebrations, kills at least 39 people and injures more than 60 others.[96]
Births
Pre-1600
- 766 – Ali al-Ridha (d. 818) 8th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam [97]
- 1431 – Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)[98]
- 1449 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian politician (d. 1492)[99]
- 1467 – Sigismund I the Old, Polish king (d. 1548)[100]
- 1484 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss pastor and theologian (d. 1531)[101]
- 1511 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, first-born child of Henry VIII of England (d. 1511)[102]
- 1557 – Stephen Bocskay, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1606)[103]
- 1600 – Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian and academic (d. 1649)[104]
1601 – 1900
- 1628 – Christoph Bernhard, German composer and theorist (d. 1692)[105]
- 1655 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (d. 1728)[106]
- 1684 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch scholar and author (d. 1748)[103]
- 1704 – Soame Jenyns, English author, poet, and politician (d. 1787)[107]
- 1711 – Baron Franz von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (d. 1749)[108]
- 1714 – Giovanni Battista Mancini, Italian soprano and author (d. 1800)[109]
- 1714 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian pastor and poet (d. 1780)[110]
- 1735 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and engraver (d. 1818)[111]
- 1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (d. 1796)[112]
- 1752 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress, credited with designing the Flag of the United States (d. 1836)[113]
- 1768 – Maria Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish author (d. 1849)[114]
- 1769 – Marie-Louise Lachapelle, French obstetrician (d. 1821)[115]
- 1774 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist and academic (d. 1860)[116]
- 1779 – William Clowes, English publisher (d. 1847)[117]
- 1803 – Edward Dickinson, American politician and father of poet Emily Dickinson (d. 1874)[118]
- 1806 – Lionel Kieseritzky, Estonian-French chess player (d. 1853)[119]
- 1809 – Achille Guenée, French lawyer and entomologist (d. 1880)[120]
- 1813 – George Bliss, American politician (d. 1868)[121]
- 1814 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebellion leader and king (d. 1864)[122]
- 1818 – William Gamble, Irish-born American general (d. 1866)[123]
- 1819 – Arthur Hugh Clough, English-Italian poet and academic (d. 1861)[124]
- 1819 – George Foster Shepley, American general (d. 1878)[125]
- 1823 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet and activist (d. 1849)[126]
- 1833 – Robert Lawson, Scottish-New Zealand architect, designed the Otago Boys' High School and Knox Church (d. 1902)[127]
- 1834 – Ludovic Halévy, French author and playwright (d. 1908)[128]
- 1839 – Ouida, English-Italian author and activist (d. 1908)[129]
- 1848 – John W. Goff, Irish-American lawyer and politician (d. 1924)[130]
- 1852 – Eugène-Anatole Demarçay, French chemist and academic (d. 1904)[131]
- 1854 – James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist and academic (d. 1941)[132]
- 1854 – Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1940)
- 1857 – Tim Keefe, American baseball player (d. 1933)[133]
- 1858 – Heinrich Rauchinger, Kraków-born painter (d. 1942)[134]
- 1859 – Michael Joseph Owens, American inventor (d. 1923)[135]
- 1859 – Thibaw Min, Burmese king (d. 1916)[136]
- 1860 – Michele Lega, Italian cardinal (d. 1935)[137]
- 1863 – Pierre de Coubertin, French historian and educator, founded the International Olympic Committee (d. 1937)[138]
- 1864 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (d. 1946)[139]
- 1864 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (d. 1957)[140]
- 1867 – Mary Ackworth Evershed, English astronomer and scholar (d. 1949)[141]
- 1874 – Frank Knox, American publisher and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1944)[142]
- 1874 – Gustave Whitehead, German-American pilot and engineer (d. 1927)[143]
- 1877 – Alexander von Staël-Holstein, German sinologist and orientalist (d. 1937)[144]
- 1878 – Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish mathematician, statistician, and engineer (d. 1929)[145]
- 1879 – E. M. Forster, English author and playwright (d. 1970)[146]
- 1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-American screenwriter and producer, founded the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theatres (d. 1952)[147]
- 1883 – William J. Donovan, American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1959)[148]
- 1884 – Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese lieutenant, engineer, and politician, founded Nakajima Aircraft Company (d. 1949)[149]
- 1887 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (d. 1945)[150]
- 1888 – Georgios Stanotas, Greek general (d. 1965)[151]
- 1888 – John Garand, Canadian-American engineer, designed the M1 Garand rifle (d. 1974)[152]
- 1889 – Charles Bickford, American actor (d. 1967)[153]
- 1890 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer and academic (d. 1966)[154]
- 1891 – Sampurnanand, Indian educator and politician, 3rd Governor of Rajasthan (d. 1969)[155]
- 1892 – Mahadev Desai, Indian author and activist (d. 1942)[156]
- 1892 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino lawyer and politician, 5th President of the Philippines (d. 1948)[157]
- 1893 – Mordechai Frizis, Greek colonel (d. 1940)[158]
- 1894 – Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian physicist and mathematician (d. 1974)[159]
- 1894 – Edward Joseph Hunkeler, American clergyman (d. 1970)[160]
- 1895 – J. Edgar Hoover, American law enforcement official; 1st Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 1972)[161]
- 1900 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese soldier and diplomat (d. 1986)[162]
- 1900 – Xavier Cugat, Spanish-American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1990)[163]
1901 – present
- 1902 – Buster Nupen, Norwegian-South African cricketer and lawyer (d. 1977)[164]
- 1902 – Hans von Dohnányi, German jurist and political dissident (d. 1945)[165]
- 1904 – Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 5th President of Pakistan (d. 1982)[166]
- 1905 – Stanisław Mazur, Ukrainian-Polish mathematician and theorist (d. 1981)[167]
- 1906 – Manuel Silos, Filipino filmmaker and actor (d. 1988)[168]
- 1907 – Kinue Hitomi, Japanese sprinter and long jumper (d. 1931)[169]
- 1909 – Dana Andrews, American actor (d. 1992)[170]
- 1909 – Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian soldier and politician (d. 1959)[171]
- 1911 – Audrey Wurdemann, American poet and author (d. 1960)[172]
- 1911 – Basil Dearden, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1971)[173]
- 1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)[174]
- 1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist and educator (d. 2012)[175]
- 1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician and historian (d. 1995)
- 1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)[176]
- 1912 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek poet and academic (d. 1991)[177]
- 1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, British SOE agent (d. 1944)[178]
- 1917 – Shannon Bolin, American actress and singer (d. 2016)[179]
- 1918 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2000)[180]
- 1918 – Willy den Ouden, Dutch swimmer (d. 1997)[181]
- 1919 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer and actor (d. 1990)[182]
- 1919 – Carole Landis, American actress (d. 1948)[183]
- 1919 – Sheila Mercier, British actress, Emmerdale Farm (d. 2019)[184]
- 1919 – J. D. Salinger, American soldier and author (d. 2010)[185]
- 1920 – Osvaldo Cavandoli, Italian cartoonist (d. 2007)[186]
- 1921 – Ismail al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American philosopher and academic (d. 1986)[187]
- 1921 – César Baldaccini, French sculptor and academic (d. 1998)[188]
- 1921 – Regina Bianchi, Italian actress (d. 2013)[189]
- 1922 – Ernest Hollings, American soldier and politician, 106th Governor of South Carolina (d. 2019)[190]
- 1923 – Valentina Cortese, Italian actress (d. 2019)[191]
- 1923 – Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist and composer (d. 1999)[192]
- 1924 – Francisco Macías Nguema, Equatorial Guinean politician, 1st President of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (d. 1979)[193]
- 1925 – Matthew Beard, American child actor (d. 1981)[194]
- 1925 – Paul Bomani, Tanzanian politician and diplomat, 1st Tanzanian Minister of Finance (d. 2005)[195]
- 1926 – Kazys Petkevičius, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (d. 2008)[196]
- 1927 – Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss dancer, choreographer, and director (d. 2007)[197]
- 1927 – James Reeb, American clergyman and political activist (d. 1965)[198]
- 1927 – Vernon L. Smith, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[199]
- 1927 – Doak Walker, American football player and businessman (d. 1998)[200]
- 1928 – Ernest Tidyman, American author and screenwriter (d. 1984)[201]
- 1928 – Gerhard Weinberg, German-American historian, author, and academic[202]
- 1929 – Larry L. King, American journalist, author, and playwright (d. 2012)[203]
- 1930 – Gaafar Nimeiry, Egyptian-Sudanese politician, 4th President of the Sudan (d. 2009)[204]
- 1930 – Frederick Wiseman, American director and producer[205]
- 1932 – Giuseppe Patanè, Italian conductor (d. 1989)[206]
- 1933 – James Hormel, American philanthropist and diplomat[207]
- 1933 – Joe Orton, English dramatist (d. 1967)[208]
- 1934 – Alan Berg, American lawyer and radio host (d. 1984)[209]
- 1934 – Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian politician, Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs[210]
- 1935 – Om Prakash Chautala, Indian politician[211]
- 1936 – James Sinegal, American businessman, co-founded Costco[212]
- 1938 – Frank Langella, American actor[213]
- 1939 – Michèle Mercier, French actress[214]
- 1939 – Phil Read, English motorcycle racer and businessman[215]
- 1939 – Senfronia Thompson, American politician[216]
- 1939 – Younoussi Touré, Malian politician, Prime Minister of Mali
- 1942 – Dennis Archer, American lawyer and politician, 67th Mayor of Detroit[217]
- 1942 – Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn, English dentist and politician[218]
- 1942 – Country Joe McDonald, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[219]
- 1942 – Alassane Ouattara, Ivorian economist and politician, President of the Ivory Coast[220]
- 1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian pilot and cosmonaut (d. 2005)[221]
- 1943 – Don Novello, American comedian, screenwriter and producer[222]
- 1943 – Tony Knowles, American soldier and politician, 7th Governor of Alaska[223]
- 1943 – Vladimir Šeks, Croatian lawyer and politician, 16th Speaker of the Croatian Parliament[224]
- 1944 – Omar al-Bashir, Sudanese field marshal and politician, 7th President of Sudan
- 1944 – Barry Beath, Australian rugby league player[225]
- 1944 – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani field hockey player and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan[226]
- 1944 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (d. 2013)[227]
- 1944 – Mati Unt, Estonian author, playwright, and director (d. 2005)[228]
- 1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian racing driver[229]
- 1945 – Victor Ashe, American politician and former United States Ambassador to Poland[230]
- 1946 – Claude Steele, American social psychologist and academic[231]
- 1946 – Rivellino, Brazilian footballer and manager[232]
- 1947 – Jon Corzine, American sergeant and politician, 54th Governor of New Jersey[233]
- 1948 – Devlet Bahçeli, Turkish economist, academic, and politician, 57th Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
- 1948 – Dick Quax, New Zealand runner and politician (d. 2018)[234]
- 1948 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general and politician, 1st Russian Minister of Defence (d. 2012)[235]
- 1949 – Borys Tarasyuk, Ukrainian politician and diplomat[236]
- 1950 – Wayne Bennett, Australian rugby league player and coach[237]
- 1950 – Tony Currie, English footballer[238]
- 1952 – Shaji N. Karun, Indian director and cinematographer[239]
- 1953 – Gary Johnson, American businessman and politician, 29th Governor of New Mexico[240]
- 1954 – Bob Menendez, American lawyer and politician[241]
- 1954 – Dennis O'Driscoll, Irish poet and critic (d. 2012)[242]
- 1954 – Yannis Papathanasiou, Greek engineer and politician, Greek Minister of Finance
- 1955 – LaMarr Hoyt, American baseball player[243]
- 1955 – Mary Beard, English classicist, academic and presenter[244]
- 1956 – Sergei Avdeyev, Russian engineer and astronaut[245]
- 1956 – Royce Ayliffe, Australian rugby league player[246]
- 1956 – Christine Lagarde, French lawyer and politician; Managing Director, International Monetary Fund[247]
- 1956 – Martin Plaza, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist[248]
- 1957 – Karen Pence, American political figure Second Lady of the United States[249]
- 1957 – Evangelos Venizelos, Greek lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece[250]
- 1958 – Grandmaster Flash, Barbadian rapper and DJ [251]
- 1959 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Afghan colonel, pilot, and astronaut[252]
- 1959 – Azali Assoumani, Comorian colonel and politician, President of the Comoros[253]
- 1959 – Panagiotis Giannakis, Greek basketball player and coach[254]
- 1961 – Sam Backo, Australian rugby league player[255]
- 1962 – Anton Muscatelli, Italian-Scottish economist and academic[256]
- 1963 – Jean-Marc Gounon, French racing driver[257]
- 1964 – Dedee Pfeiffer, American actress[258]
- 1966 – Anna Burke, Australian businesswoman and politician, 28th Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives[259]
- 1966 – Ivica Dačić, Serbian journalist and politician, 95th Prime Minister of Serbia[260]
- 1966 – Tihomir Orešković, Croatian–Canadian businessman, 11th Prime Minister of Croatia[261]
- 1967 – Tawera Nikau, New Zealand rugby league player[262]
- 1968 – Davor Šuker, Croatian footballer[263]
- 1969 – Verne Troyer, American actor (d. 2018)[264]
- 1970 – Sergei Kiriakov, Russian footballer and coach[265]
- 1971 – Bobby Holík, Czech-American ice hockey player and coach[266]
- 1971 – Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, Indian politician[267]
- 1971 – Sammie Henson, American wrestler and coach[268]
- 1972 – Lilian Thuram, French footballer[269]
- 1974 – Christian Paradis, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Industry[270]
- 1975 – Chris Anstey, Australian basketball player and coach[271]
- 1975 – Joe Cannon, American soccer player and sportscaster[272]
- 1975 – Becky Kellar-Duke, Canadian ice hockey player[273]
- 1975 – Fernando Tatís, Dominican baseball player[274]
- 1979 – Vidya Balan, Indian actress [275]
- 1981 – Zsolt Baumgartner, Hungarian racing driver[276]
- 1981 – Mladen Petrić, Croatian footballer[277]
- 1982 – David Nalbandian, Argentinian tennis player[278]
- 1982 – Egidio Arévalo Ríos, Uruguayan footballer[279]
- 1983 – Melaine Walker, Jamaican hurdler[280]
- 1983 – Park Sung-hyun, South Korean archer[281]
- 1983 – Calum Davenport, English footballer[282]
- 1984 – Paolo Guerrero, Peruvian footballer[283]
- 1984 – Michael Witt, Australian rugby league player[284]
- 1985 – Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer[285]
- 1985 – Tiago Splitter, Brazilian basketball player[286]
- 1986 – Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player[287]
- 1986 – Ramses Barden, American football player[288]
- 1986 – Glen Davis, American Basketball player[289]
- 1986 – Colin Morgan, Northern Irish actor[290]
- 1987 – Meryl Davis, American ice dancer[291]
- 1987 – Patric Hörnqvist, Swedish ice hockey player[292]
- 1988 – Marcel Gecov, Czech footballer[277]
- 1989 – Jason Pierre-Paul, American football player[293]
- 1990 – Julia Glushko, Israeli tennis player[294]
- 1991 – Darius Slay, American football player[295]
- 1991 – Xavier Su'a-Filo, American football player[296]
- 1992 – Nathaniel Peteru, New Zealand rugby league player[297]
- 1994 – Brendan Elliot, Australian rugby league player[298]
- 1997 – Keegan Hipgrave, Australian rugby league player[299]
- 1998 – Patrick Carrigan, Australian rugby league player[300]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 138 – Lucius Aelius, adopted son and intended successor of Hadrian (b. 101)[301]
- 404 – Telemachus, Christian monk and martyr[302]
- 466 – Qianfei, Chinese emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 449)
- 898 – Odo I, Frankish king (b. 860)[303]
- 951 – Ramiro II, king of León and Galicia[304]
- 1031 – William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (b. 962)[305]
- 1189 – Henry of Marcy, Cistercian abbot (b. c. 1136)[306]
- 1204 – Haakon III, king of Norway (b. 1182)[307]
- 1387 – Charles II, king of Navarre (b. 1332)[308]
- 1496 – Charles d'Orléans, count of Angoulême (b. 1459)[309]
- 1515 – Louis XII, king of France (b. 1462)[310]
- 1559 – Christian III, king of Denmark (b. 1503)[311]
- 1560 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet and critic (b. 1522)[312]
1601 – 1900
- 1617 – Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1558)[313]
- 1697 – Filippo Baldinucci, Florentine historian and author (b. 1625)[314]
- 1716 – William Wycherley, English playwright and poet (b. 1641)[315]
- 1748 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and academic (b. 1667)[316]
- 1780 – Johann Ludwig Krebs, German organist and composer (b. 1713)[317]
- 1782 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (b. 1735)[318]
- 1789 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English lawyer and politician, British Speaker of the House of Commons (b. 1716)[319]
- 1793 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter and educator (b. 1712)[320]
- 1817 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist and academic (b. 1743)[321]
- 1846 – John Torrington, English sailor and explorer (b. 1825)[322]
- 1853 – Gregory Blaxland, Australian farmer and explorer (b. 1778)[323]
- 1862 – Mikhail Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian mathematician and physicist (b. 1801)[324][325]
- 1881 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French activist (b. 1805)[326]
- 1892 – Roswell B. Mason, American lawyer and politician, 25th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)[327]
- 1894 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist and academic (b. 1857)[328]
- 1896 – Alfred Ely Beach, American publisher and lawyer, created the Beach Pneumatic Transit (b. 1826)[329]
1901 – present
- 1906 – Hugh Nelson, Scottish-Australian farmer and politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (b. 1833)[330]
- 1918 – William Wilfred Campbell, Canadian poet and author (b. 1858)[331]
- 1921 – Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, German lawyer and politician, 5th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)[332]
- 1929 – Mustafa Necati, Turkish civil servant and politician, Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning (b. 1894)[333]
- 1931 – Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (b. 1851)[334]
- 1937 – Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian religious leader, founded the Gaudiya Math (b. 1874)[335]
- 1940 – Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao, Indian author and educator (b. 1865)[336]
- 1944 – Edwin Lutyens, English architect, designed the Castle Drogo and Thiepval Memorial (b. 1869)[337]
- 1944 – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (b. 1862)[338]
- 1953 – Hank Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1923)[339]
- 1954 – Duff Cooper, English politician and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1890)[340]
- 1954 – Leonard Bacon, American poet and critic (b. 1887)[341]
- 1955 – Arthur C. Parker, American archaeologist and historian (b. 1881)[342]
- 1960 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress (b. 1909)[343]
- 1966 – Vincent Auriol, French journalist and politician, 16th President of the French Republic (b. 1884)[344]
- 1969 – Barton MacLane, American actor, playwright and screenwriter (b. 1902)[345]
- 1971 – Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian saint (b. 1894)[346]
- 1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (b. 1888)[347]
- 1978 – Carle Hessay, German-Canadian painter (b. 1911)[348]
- 1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1891)[349]
- 1981 – Hephzibah Menuhin, American-Australian pianist (b. 1920)[350]
- 1982 – Victor Buono, American actor (b. 1938)[351]
- 1984 – Alexis Korner, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)[352]
- 1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist and admiral, co-developed COBOL (b. 1906)[353]
- 1994 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand physician and politician, 11th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1900)[354]
- 1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)[355]
- 1994 – Edward Arthur Thompson, Irish historian and academic (b. 1914)[356]
- 1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian-American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)[357]
- 1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (b. 1901)[358]
- 1996 – Arthur Rudolph, German-American engineer (b. 1906)[359]
- 1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)[360]
- 1998 – Helen Wills, American tennis player and coach (b. 1905)[361]
- 2000 – Betty Archdale, English-Australian cricketer and educator (b. 1907)[362]
- 2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (b. 1914)[363]
- 2002 – Julia Phillips, American film producer and author (b. 1944)[364]
- 2003 – Joe Foss, American soldier, pilot, and politician, 20th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1915)[365]
- 2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American educator and politician (b. 1924)[366]
- 2006 – Harry Magdoff, American economist and journalist (b. 1913)[367]
- 2007 – Roland Levinsky, South African-English biochemist and academic (b. 1943)
- 2007 – Tillie Olsen, American short story writer (b. 1912)[368]
- 2008 – Pratap Chandra Chunder, Indian educator and politician (b. 1919)[369]
- 2009 – Claiborne Pell, American politician (b. 1918)[370]
- 2010 – Lhasa de Sela, American-Mexican singer-songwriter (b. 1972)[371]
- 2012 – Kiro Gligorov, Bulgarian-Macedonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (b. 1917)[372]
- 2012 – Nay Win Maung, Burmese physician, businessman, and activist (b. 1962)[373]
- 2012 – Tommy Mont, American football player and coach (b. 1922)[374]
- 2013 – Christopher Martin-Jenkins, English journalist (b. 1945)[375]
- 2013 – Patti Page, American singer and actress (b. 1927)[376]
- 2014 – Higashifushimi Kunihide, Japanese monk and educator (b. 1910)[377]
- 2014 – William Mgimwa, Tanzanian banker and politician, 13th Tanzanian Minister of Finance (b. 1950)[378]
- 2014 – Juanita Moore, American actress (b. 1914)[379]
- 2015 – Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (b. 1932)[380]
- 2015 – Donna Douglas, American actress (b. 1932)[381]
- 2015 – Omar Karami, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1934)[382]
- 2015 – Boris Morukov, Russian physician and astronaut (b. 1950)[383]
- 2016 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (b. 1932)[384]
- 2016 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1925)[385]
- 2016 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer and producer (b. 1930)[386]
- 2017 – Tony Atkinson, British economist (b. 1944)[387]
- 2017 – Yvon Dupuis, Canadian politician (b. 1926)[388]
- 2017 – Derek Parfit, British philosopher (b. 1942)[389]
- 2018 – Robert Mann, American violinist (b. 1920)[390]
- 2019 – Paul Neville, Australian politician (b. 1940)[391]
- 2019 – Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, environmentalist, educator and philanthropist (b. 1952) [392]
- 2020 – Alexander Frater, British travel writer and journalist (b. 1937)[393]
- 2020 – Barry McDonald, Australian rugby union player (b. 1940)[394]
- 2020 – David Stern, American lawyer and businessman (b. 1942)[395]
- 2020 – Elmira Minita Gordon, Belizean educator and psychologist (b.1930)[396]
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Adalard of Corbie
- Basil the Great (Eastern Orthodox Church)
- Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
- Fulgentius of Ruspe
- Giuseppe Maria Tomasi
- Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, the Octave Day of Christmas, considered a holy day of obligation in some countries (Catholic Church); and its related observances:
- Telemachus
- Zygmunt Gorazdowski
- January 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Earliest day on which Handsel Monday can fall, while January 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of the year (Scotland)
- Second day of Hogmanay (Scotland) December 31-January 1, in some cases until January 2.
- The last day of Kwanzaa (African-Americans)
- The eighth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity)
- Constitution Day (Italy)
- Dissolution of Czechoslovakia-related observances:
- Emancipation Day (United States)
- Euro Day (European Union)
- Flag Day (Lithuania) commemorates raising of the Lithuanian flag on Gediminas' Tower in 1919
- Founding Day (Taiwan) commemorates the establishment of the Provisional Government in Nanjing
- Global Family Day
- Independence Day (Brunei, Cameroon, Haiti, Sudan)
- International Nepali Dhoti and Nepali Topi Day
- Jump-up Day (Montserrat)
- Kalpataru Day (Ramakrishna Movement)
- Kamakura Ebisu, January 1–3 (Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan)
- National Bloody Mary Day (United States)
- National Tree Planting Day (Tanzania)
- New Year's Day (Gregorian calendar)
- Polar Bear Swim Day (Canada and United States)
- Public Domain Day (multiple countries)
- Triumph of the Revolution (Cuba)
References
- ^ Gordon, Arthur Ernest (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy. University of California Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-520-03898-1.
- ^ Origines Kalendariae Italicae Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy, Nundinal of Calendar of Romulus, Calendar of Numa Pompilius, Calendar of the Decemvirs, Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correctio Tables of the Roman Calendar, from V. C. 4 of Varro, B. C. 750, to V. C. 1108 A. D 355. 4 by Edward Greswell, B.D: Vol. 4. University Press. 1854. p. 103.
- ^ Koortbojian, Michael (2013). The Divinization of Caesar and Augustus. Cambridge University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-521-19215-6.
- ^ Birley, Anthony R (6 December 2012). Marcus Aurelius: A Biography. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-134-69569-0.
- ^ The Catholic Worker. 1991. p. 6.
- ^ Sivan, Hagith (15 September 2011). Galla Placidia: The Last Roman Empress. OUP USA. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-19-537912-9.
- ^ Zsoldos, Attila (2001). Saint Stephen and his country: a newborn kingdom in Central Europe: Hungary. Lucidus. ISBN 9789638616395.
- ^ Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (17 February 2017). Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, Ca. 1040-1130. Taylor & Francis. pp. 134–. ISBN 978-1-351-98386-0.
- ^ The Cambridge Medieval History Series volumes 1-5. Plantagenet Publishing. pp. 1682–. GGKEY:G636GD76LW7.
- ^ Higgs, David (4 January 2002). Queer Sites: Gay Urban Histories Since 1600. Routledge. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-1-134-72467-3.
- ^ Bacon, James (1830). The Life and Times of Francis the First, King of France. E. Bull. pp. 116–.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., William Benton Publisher. 1973. ISBN 978-0-85229-173-3.
- ^ Lindsay, Robert (1899). The Historie and Cronicles of Scotland: From the Slauchter of King James the First to the Ane Thousande Fyve Hundreith Thrie Scoir Fyftein Zeir. Society.
- ^ Knight, Charles (1865). Charles Knight's school history of England, abridged from the Popular history of England. [With] Questions. pp. 360–.
- ^ The Lancet. J. Onwhyn. 1900. p. 351.
- ^ De Puy, William Harrison (1908). The world-wide encyclopedia and gazetteer. The Christian herald.
- ^ Simpson-Housley, Paul (11 March 2002). Antarctica: Exploration, Perception and Metaphor. Routledge. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-134-89121-4.
- ^ Robertson, Patrick (1974). The book of firsts. C. N. Potter : distributed by Crown Publishers.
- ^ Aitken, Jonathan (2007). John Newton: From Disgrace to Amazing Grace. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-9383-5.
- ^ Lossing, Benson John (1857). A Pictorial History of the United States: For School and Families. Mason Bros. p. 182.
- ^ Almanac, Old Farmer's. "Flag Day 2020: Celebrating the American Flag". Old Farmer's Almanac.
- ^ Watt, Gavin K. (1 March 1997). The Burning of the Valleys: Daring Raids from Canada Against the New York Frontier in the Fall of 1780. Dundurn. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-55488-312-7.
- ^ Macmillan's Magazine. Macmillan and Company. 1879.
- ^ Annual Register. 1802. p. 41.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names (5th ed.). Germany: Springer. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ^ Finkelman, Paul (6 April 2006). Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619-1895: From the Colonial Period to the Age of Frederick Douglass Three-volume Set. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-19-516777-1.
- ^ Brissaud, Jean (2001). A History of French Public Law. Beard Books. p. 551. ISBN 978-1-58798-101-2.
- ^ Colton, George Hooker; Whelpley, James Davenport (1849). The American Review: A Whig Journal of Politics, Literature, Art, and Science. Wiley and Putnam. p. 565.
- ^ "GOVERNOR MACQUARIE". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 1 March 1913. p. 7.
- ^ Blaustein, Albert P.; Flanz, Gisbert H. (1976). Constitutions of the Countries of the World. Oceana Publications. ISBN 9780379004670.
- ^ Ploeckl, Florian (2019). "A Novel Institution: The Zollverein and the Origins of the Customs Union" (PDF).
- ^ Brignano, Mary (September 2009). Beyond the Bounds: A History of UPMC. Dorrance Publishing. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-1-4349-0283-2.
- ^ The Stamp-collector's magazine. 1863. pp. 1–.
- ^ Kirkwood, Burton (2000). History of Mexico. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-4039-6258-4.
- ^ Masur, Louis P. (22 September 2012). Lincoln's Hundred Days. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-07133-9.
- ^ "Proclamation of Queen Victoria as Empress of India at the Imperial Assemblage, Delhi". The National Archives. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Bartky, Ian R. (2007). One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity. Stanford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-8047-5642-6.
- ^ Tecle-Misghina, Belula (11 February 2015). Asmara - an urban history: Rivista L'architettura delle città - UNESCO Chair Series n. 1. Edizioni Nuova Cultura. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-88-6812-354-3.
- ^ Loughrey, Eithne (1999). Annie Moore: First in Line for America. Mercier Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85635-245-1.
- ^ Steinberg, S. (26 December 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1965-66: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. Springer. pp. 912–. ISBN 978-0-230-27094-7.
- ^ Oluniyi, Olufemi Olayinka (9 August 2017). Reconciliation in Northern Nigeria: The Space for Public Apology. Frontier Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-978-949-527-6.
- ^ Meekins, Jeannie. Sir Edmund Barton: The First Prime Minister of Australia: Educational Version. Learning Island. pp. 15–. GGKEY:PBLCUNU87RW.
- ^ Migdol, Gary (1997). Stanford: Home of Champions. Sports Publishing LLC. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-57167-116-5.
- ^ Chalmers, William Scott (1951). The Life and Letters of David, Earl Beatty, Admiral of the Fleet, Viscount Borodale of Wexford, Baron Beatty of the North Sea and of Brooksby, P.C., G.C.B., O.M., G.C.V.O., D.S.O., D.C.L., LL. D. Hodder and Stoughton.
- ^ Elleman, Bruce A. (28 July 2005). Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989. Routledge. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-1-134-61008-2.
- ^ "First Commercial Air Ship Line in World Inaugurated". The Tampa Tribune. January 2, 1914. p. 1.
- ^ Gruening, Ernest (1929). Mexico and Its Heritage. Century Company.
- ^ Bazhanov, Boris; Doyle, David W. (30 April 1990). Bazhanov and the damnation of Stalin. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-0948-0.
- ^ British Columbia. Parliament (1939). Sessional Papers.
- ^ Scott monthly journal. Scott Publishing Co. 1973.
- ^ Gillespie, John Thomas (2008). Historical Fiction for Young Readers (grades 4-8): An Introduction. ABC-CLIO. p. 438. ISBN 978-1-59158-621-0.
- ^ Rushton, Alan R. (9 October 2018). Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg: The German Red Cross and the Plan to Kill "Unfit" Citizens 1933-1945. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-5275-1843-8.
- ^ United States. Department of State (1945). Toward the Peace: Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2.
- ^ Manrho, John; Putz, Ron (2004). Bodenplatte: The Luftwaffe's Last Hope : the Attack on Allied Airfields New Year's Day, 1945. Hikoki Publications. ISBN 978-1-902109-40-4.
- ^ Braun, Hans-Joachim (22 October 2010). The German Economy in the Twentieth Century (Routledge Revivals): The German Reich and the Federal Republic. Routledge. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-136-83644-2.
- ^ Canada. Parliament. Senate (1952). Debates: Official Report (Hansard).
- ^ Parker, David (2009). The Official History of Privatisation: Popular capitalism, 1987-97. Routledge. pp. 434–. ISBN 978-0-415-69221-2.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1995). Modern History of Jammu and Kashmir: Ancient times to Shimla Agreement. Concept Publishing Company. p. 412. ISBN 978-81-7022-557-7.
- ^ Niblock, Tim (1987). Class and Power in Sudan: The Dynamics of Sudanese Politics, 1898-1985. SUNY Press. pp. 209–. ISBN 978-0-88706-480-7.
- ^ Francis, Ric; Ganley, Colin (2006). Penang Trams, Trolleybuses & Railways: Municipal Transport History, 1880s-1963. Areca Books. p. 63. ISBN 978-983-42834-0-7.
- ^ "Ramification and Re-Sacralization of the Lese Majesty Law in Thailand" (PDF).
- ^ Sundaram, G. (1997). India and the European Union. Allied Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 978-81-7023-623-8.
- ^ Welch, Richard E. (1985). Response to Revolution: The United States and the Cuban Revolution, 1959-1961. UNC Press Books. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8078-4136-5.
- ^ Lukong, Hilary V. (2011). The Cameroon-Nigeria Border Dispute. Management and Resolution, 1981-2011: Management and Resolution, 1981-2011. African Books Collective. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-9956-717-59-0.
- ^ New Zealand. Parliament. Parliamentary Debates. pp. 3265–.
- ^ United Nations (7 April 2004). Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General: Status as at 31 December 2003. United Nations Publications. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-92-1-133570-5.
- ^ "The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, section 4.16 Seconds Since the Epoch". The Open Group. Retrieved 22 Jan 2017.
- ^ Italianer, A. (6 December 2012). Theory and Practice of International Trade Linkage Models. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 248. ISBN 978-94-009-4472-5.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 720-023B OD-AFT Al Qaysumah". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
- ^ Accident description for VT-EBD at the Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "Chronology of U.S.-China Relations, 1784-2000". Retrieved 2019-12-04.
- ^ Dimitrakopoulos, Dionyssis G.; Passas, Argyris G. (24 February 2004). Greece in the European Union. Routledge. pp. 17–. ISBN 978-1-134-51551-6.
- ^ Rotary International (May 1995). The Rotarian. Rotary International. p. 14.
- ^ Zeng, Deze; Gu, Lin; Guo, Song (9 December 2015). Cloud Networking for Big Data. Springer. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-319-24720-5.
- ^ Chapuis, Robert J.; Joel, A. E., Jr. (2003). 100 Years of Telephone Switching. IOS Press. pp. 545–. ISBN 978-1-58603-372-9.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: pt.1. From c.1800 to the 1930s. Cambridge University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-521-66372-4.
- ^ AP. "NEW MEXICO INDIANS PICK FIRST WOMAN GOVERNOR". Retrieved 2018-10-31.
- ^ Gassmann, Günther; Oldenburg, Mark W. (10 October 2011). Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism. Scarecrow Press. pp. 142–. ISBN 978-0-8108-7482-4.
- ^ Andersen, Stephen O.; Madhava Sarma, K.; Sinclair, Lani (2012). Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History. Earthscan. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-84977-226-6.
- ^ McNickle, Chris (1 November 2012). The Power of the Mayor: David Dinkins: 1990-1993. Transaction Publishers. pp. 95–. ISBN 978-1-4128-4959-3.
- ^ Kraus, Michael; Stanger, Allison (2000). Irreconcilable Differences?: Explaining Czechoslovakia's Dissolution. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 331–. ISBN 978-0-8476-9021-3.
- ^ Khasnabish, Alex (2008). Zapatismo Beyond Borders: New Imaginations of Political Possibility. University of Toronto Press. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-8020-9633-3.
- ^ Glick, Leslie Alan (1 January 2010). Understanding the North American Free Trade Agreement: Legal and Business Consequences of NAFTA. Kluwer Law International B.V. p. 198. ISBN 978-90-411-3205-5.
- ^ Gupta, K.R. (2008). A Study of World Trade Organisation. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-81-269-0976-6.
- ^ Garrison, Tom S. (1 January 2015). Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science. Cengage Learning. pp. 328–. ISBN 978-1-305-48057-5.
- ^ Endow, Aparajita (2003). France, Germany and the European Union: Maastricht and After. Aakar Books. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-81-87879-12-1.
- ^ Economic Trends Quarterly Issue: Kazakstan. European Commission, DGIA, NIS/Tacis services. 1999.
- ^ Mukherjee, Sampat (2002). Modern Economic Theory. New Age International. p. 922. ISBN 978-81-224-1414-1.
- ^ "Pakistan's Dubious Referendum". The New York Times. 2002-05-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine. Arsa Raya Perdana. 2007.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1 January 2010). Encyclopædia Britannica Almanac 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-61535-329-3.
- ^ Hussain, Zahid (1 January 2010). "Slaughter on the volleyball field as Taleban wreak revenge on villagers". The Times. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Egypt church blast death toll rises to 23". Reuters. 4 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ "Estonia becomes 17th member of the euro zone". BBC News. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "The Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union is effective". Eurasian Economic Commission. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ^ Şafak, Yeni. "Turkish court remands 44 in nightclub attack trial". Yeni Şafak. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Shabbar, S.M.R. (1997). Story of the Holy Ka'aba. Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ Frederick Converse Beach; George Edwin Rines (1903). The Encyclopedia Americana. The Americana company.
- ^ E. B. Fryde (1 January 1983). Humanism and Renaissance Historiography. A&C Black. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-0-907628-24-8.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica (firma) (1973). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. ISBN 978-0-85229-173-3.
- ^ Christianus Brekelmans; Magne Saebo; Menahem Haran (1996). Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation: II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 414–. ISBN 978-3-525-53982-8.
- ^ E. B. Pryde; D. E. Greenway; S. Porter; I. Roy (23 February 1996). Handbook of British Chronology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 457–. ISBN 978-0-521-56350-5.
- ^ a b Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited.
- ^ Chambers's Encyclopædia. Edinburgh. 1892.
- ^ Randel Don (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-674-37299-3.
- ^ Chambers's Encyclopædia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People. J. B. Lippincott & Company. 1871. pp. 413–.
- ^ Andrew Crichton (1827). Converts from Infidelity: Hon. Robert Boyle. Captain James Wilson. Soame Jenyns. Dr. Thomas Bateman. Baron Haller. Rev. John Newton. M. De La Harpe. John Bunyan. Constable & Company. p. 172.
- ^ Chamber's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People. W & R Chambers. 1872. p. 532.
- ^ Johann Adam Hiller (12 April 2001). Treatise on Vocal Performance and Ornamentation by Johann Adam Hiller. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-139-42898-9.
- ^ Kristijonas Donelaitis (1967). The seasons. Lithuanian Days Publishers.
- ^ Stephen Guernsey Cook Ensko (1983). American Silversmiths and Their Marks: The Definitive (1948) Edition. Courier Corporation. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-486-24428-0.
- ^ Benson John Lossing (1852). The Pictorial Field-book of the Revolution: Or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics, and Traditions of the War for Independence. Harper & Bros. p. 177.
- ^ Dorothy Davis Smith (1991). Davis directory of Pennsylvania: including Hezekiah Davies' Revolutionary War pension & Philadelphia burial records. Gateway Press.
- ^ Jean E. Friedman; Glenna R. Schroeder-Lein (2001). Ways of Wisdom: Moral Education in the Early National Period. University of Georgia Press. pp. 245–. ISBN 978-0-8203-2252-0.
- ^ Benjamin F. Shearer; Barbara Smith Shearer (1 January 1996). Notable Women in the Life Sciences: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29302-3.
- ^ The Gentleman's Magazine. R. Newton. 1860. p. 433.
- ^ Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: Second Supplement. Knight & Company. 1858. p. 140.
- ^ Dickinson Studies. D-H Press. 1991.
- ^ Jeremy Gaige (1969). A Catalog of Chessplayers & Problemists.
- ^ The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Limited. 1881.
- ^ Samuel Alanson Lane (1892). Fifty Years and Over of Akron and Summit County [O.]. Beacon Job Department.
- ^ Modern China and its revolutionary process. 1985. ISBN 978-0-520-05030-3.
- ^ Ezra J. Warner, Jr. (1 June 1964). Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. LSU Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-8071-0822-2.
- ^ The Cambridge History of English Literature. CUP Archive. 1932. pp. 103–. GGKEY:LDDLEYAE1Q0.
- ^ Ezra J. Warner, Jr. (1 June 1964). Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. LSU Press. p. 436. ISBN 978-0-8071-0822-2.
- ^ Joseph Reményi (1953). Sándor Petöfi, Hungarian Poet (1823-1849). Hungarian Reformed Federation of America.
- ^ "Lawson, Robert Arthur". Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ^ Catalogue of an Exhibition of One Hundred Famous First Editions in English and French Literature from December 1st to 14th, 1909. E.D. North. 1834. pp. 64–.
- ^ Frank Northen Magill (1958). Masterplots Cyclopedia of World Authors. Salem Press.
- ^ The Journal of the American-Irish Historical Society. The Society. 1925.
- ^ Mary Elvira Weeks (1933). The Discovery of the Elements ... Mack printing Company.
- ^ Macmillan Companion to Scottish Literature. Macmillan International Higher Education. 11 November 1984. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-349-07587-4.
- ^ Tom Owens (1990). Greatest baseball players of all time. Publications International. ISBN 978-0-88176-696-7.
- ^ W. Aichelburg. "Rauchinger Heinrich, Maler" (PDF). Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (in German). Vol. 8. p. 438. Retrieved Nov 23, 2020.
- ^ John Milton Killits (1923). Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio, 1623-1923. S.J. Clarke Publishing Company.
- ^ John Percy Hardiman (1900). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. superintendent, Government printing, Burma.
- ^ Harris M. Lentz (2002). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-1094-1.
- ^ Christopher R. Hill (1996). Olympic Politics. Manchester University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7190-4451-9.
- ^ Alfred Stieglitz; Weston Naef; J. Paul Getty Museum (1995). Alfred Stieglitz: Photographs from the J. Paul Getty Museum. Getty Publications. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-89236-303-2.
- ^ "Qi Baishi 齊白石 (1864-1957)". Seal Society. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. Astral Press. 1998.
- ^ Perry J. Ashley (1984). American newspaper journalists, 1926-1950. Gale Research Co. ISBN 9780810317079.
- ^ FAA General Aviation News: A DOT/FAA Flight Standards Safety Publication. Office of Flight Standards Service, Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation. 1977.
- ^ Serge Elisséeff; Charles Sidney Gardner; James Roland Ware (1938). Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Harvard-Yenching Institute.
- ^ Akademiet for de tekniske videnskaber (Denmark) (1946). Transactions.
- ^ Norman Page (22 January 1988). E-M-Forster. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-349-19008-9.
- ^ Sara Pendergast (2000). Writers and production artists. St. James Press. ISBN 978-1-55862-453-5.
- ^ John C. Fredriksen (1999). American Military Leaders: A-L. v. 2. M-Z. ABC-CLIO. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-57607-001-7.
- ^ Automotive Industries, the Automobile. Class Journal Company. January 1937.
- ^ James A. Moncure (1992). Research guide to european historical biography: 1450-present. A-Col (1-514), appendices 1-9 maps. Beacham Pub. ISBN 978-0-933833-28-9.
- ^ "Adoption Ceremony of Class of 2015 of the Career NCO School". Hellenic Army General Staff. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ Winfield Scott Downs; American Historical Company (1950). Encyclopedia of American biography: New series. American Historical Society.
- ^ Paul Michael; James Robert Parish (1969). Movie Greats: The Players, Directors, Producers. Garland Books.
- ^ Geografski vestnik. Geografsko Drustvo. 1990.
- ^ C. M. Jain (1972). State Legislatures in India: The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly; a Comparative Study. S. Chand.
- ^ Mohan B. Daryanani (1999). Who's who on Indian stamps. Mohan B. Daryanani. ISBN 978-84-931101-0-9.
- ^ Joseph Liow; Michael Leifer (20 November 2014). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia. Routledge. p. 324. ISBN 978-1-317-62233-8.
- ^ Los Muestros. R. Capuia. 1999.
- ^ Satyendranath Bose; Kameshwar C. Wali (2009). Satyendra Nath Bose: His Life and Times : Selected Works (with Commentary). World Scientific. p. 462. ISBN 978-981-279-070-5.
- ^ Who's Who in the Midwest. A.N. Marquis. 1949.
- ^ Ray Wannall (2000). The Real J. Edgar Hoover: For the Record. Turner Publishing Company. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-56311-553-0.
- ^ Pierre Moulin (2007). Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?. AuthorHouse. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4259-3801-7.
- ^ Matt S. Meier (1 January 1997). Notable Latino Americans: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29105-0.
- ^ "Buster Nupen". cricinfo. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
- ^ Ilona Von Dohnanyi; James A. Grymes (12 July 2002). Ernst von Dohnányi: A Song of Life. Indiana University Press. p. 45. ISBN 0-253-10928-0.
- ^ Current World Leaders: biography and news. Almanac of Current World Leaders. 1977.
- ^ Studia mathematica. 1982.
- ^ Focus on Filipino Films: A Sampling, 1951-1982. Experimental cinema of the Philippines. 1982.
- ^ Karen Christensen; Allen Guttmann; Gertrud Pfister (2001). International encyclopedia of women and sports. 2. [H - R]. Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 978-0-02-864952-8.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Co. 1960.
- ^ Murdered by Moscow: Petlura, Konovalets, Bandera: Three Leaders of the Ukrainian National Liberation Movement, Assassinated at the Orders of Stalin and Khrushchov. Ukrainian Publishers. 1962.
- ^ Heinz Dietrich Fischer; Erika J. Fischer (2002). Complete Biographical Encyclopedia of Pulitzer Prize Winners, 1917-2000: Journalists, Writers and Composers on Their Ways to the Coveted Awards. Walter de Gruyter. p. 270. ISBN 978-3-598-30186-5.
- ^ Paul Wells; Alan Burton; Tim O'Sullivan (December 1997). Liberal directions: Basil Dearden and postwar British film culture. Flicks Books. ISBN 978-0-948911-24-8.
- ^ Peter M. Gareffa (1987). Newsmakers. Gale Research. ISBN 9780810322028.
- ^ Stanley Sadie (1980). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-0-333-23111-1.
- ^ Benjamin Frankel (1992). The Cold War, 1945-1991: Leaders and other important figures in the United States and Western Europe. Gale Research. ISBN 978-0-8103-8927-4.
- ^ Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora. Pella Publishing Company. 1994.
- ^ Seth, Ronald (1954). Spies at work.
- ^ Daniel C. Blum; John A. Willis (1969). Theatre World. Crown Publishing Company.
- ^ David Harvey (1999). Monuments to Courage: 1917-1982. K. and K. Patience.
- ^ Modern Astrology: The "Astrologers' Magazine". 1934.
- ^ Deborah Andrews; Roland Turner (1990). The Annual Obituary. St. James Pr. ISBN 9781558620926.
- ^ Caryn Hannan (1 January 2008). Wisconsin Biographical Dictionary. State History Publications. p. 228. ISBN 978-1-878592-63-7.
- ^ Slide, Anthony (10 March 1996). Some Joe You Don't Know: An American Biographical Guide to 100 British Television Personalities. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313295508 – via Google Books.
- ^ John C. Unrue (2002). J.D. Salinger. Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-5739-0.
- ^ Giannalberto Bendazzi (23 October 2015). Animation: A World History: Volume II: The Birth of a Style - The Three Markets. CRC Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-317-51991-1.
- ^ Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi (1998). Islam and Other Faiths. IIIT. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-86037-276-9.
- ^ Alex Kayser; Andy Warhol (August 1981). Artists' portraits. H.N. Abrams. ISBN 9780810922228.
- ^ Who's who in Italy. Who's Who in Italy. 1997. ISBN 9788885246379.
- ^ David T. Ballantyne (15 November 2016). New Politics in the Old South: Ernest F. Hollings in the Civil Rights Era. University of South Carolina Press. p. 1806. ISBN 978-1-61117-704-6.
- ^ G. Colombo; Who's Who in Italy S. R. L.; Who's Who in Italy (2006). Who's Who in Italy. Who's Who In Italy. ISBN 9788885246447.
- ^ John Fordham (April 1996). Jazz on CD: the essential guide. Kyle Cathie. ISBN 978-1-85626-204-0.
- ^ Neil A. Hamilton (1995). Founders of Modern Nations: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-87436-750-8.
- ^ Leonard Maltin (1992). The Little Rascals: The Life and Times of Our Gang. Crown. ISBN 978-0-517-58325-8.
- ^ Raph Uwechue (1991). Africa Who's who. Africa Journal Limited. ISBN 978-0-903274-17-3.
- ^ Who is who in Lithuania. Kas yra kas Lietuvoje, UAB Neolitas. 1997. ISBN 9789986709046.
- ^ Academic American Encyclopedia. Aretê Publishing Company. 1980. ISBN 978-0-933880-00-9.
- ^ Christopher M. Richardson; Ralph E. Luker (11 June 2014). Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-8108-8037-5.
- ^ William Breit; Barry T. Hirsch (2009). Lives of the Laureates: Twenty-three Nobel Economists. MIT Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-0-262-01276-8.
- ^ Famous American Athletes of Today. L.C. Page. 1949.
- ^ Thomas Riggs (2000). Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. Gale / Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-7876-4636-3.
- ^ "Gerhard Weinberg - Fall 2009". Central Michigan University. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
- ^ Larry L. King (1985). Warning, Writer at Work: The Best Collectibles of Larry L. King. TCU Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-87565-016-6.
- ^ Britannica World Data. Encyclopedia Britannica. 1985.
- ^ International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers: Directors. St. James Press. 1997. ISBN 978-1-55862-301-9.
- ^ Deborah Andrews; Roland Turner (1989). The Annual Obituary. St. James Pr. ISBN 9781558620568.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H.W. Wilson. 1999.
- ^ Susan Rusinko (1995). Joe Orton. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8057-7034-6.
- ^ Stephen Singular (1989). Talked to Death: The Murder of Alan Berg and the Rise of the Neo-Nazis. Berkley Books. ISBN 978-0-425-11329-5.
- ^ Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine. Arsa Raya Perdana. 2002.
- ^ Who's Who in Asian and Australasian Politics. Bowker-Saur. 1991. ISBN 978-0-86291-593-3.
- ^ BusinessWeek. McGraw-Hill. 2002.
- ^ "Frank Langella. Biography, news, photos and videos". hellomagazine.com.
- ^ Template:BFI
- ^ Cycle World Magazine. January 2008. p. 11.
- ^ Texas State Directory. Texas Publishing Company. 1977.
- ^ Ellen Campbell; Jill K. Moore (1998). The Michigan Supreme Court Historical Reference Guide. Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society.
- ^ Who's Who in European Politics. Bowker-Saur. December 1990. ISBN 978-0-86291-911-5.
- ^ Brock Helander (1 January 2001). The Rockin' 60s: The People Who Made the Music. Schirmer Trade Books. pp. 172–. ISBN 978-0-85712-811-9.
- ^ West Africa. Afrimedia International. 2001.
- ^ Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service; United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space and Technology (1994). Astronauts and cosmonauts biographical and statistical data: report. U.S. G.P.O.
- ^ Kathleen J. Edgar; Joshua Kondek (October 1998). Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-2058-5.
- ^ Kim A. Summers; Sally M. Walker (2000). The Teacher's Calendar, School Year 2000-2001: The Day-by-day Directory to Holidays, Historic Events, Birthdays and Special Days, Weeks and Months. Contemporary Books. ISBN 978-0-8092-2521-7.
- ^ "Members of the 7th Parliament". Croatian Parliament. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ "Barry Beath - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
- ^ Impact International. News & Media. 2001.
- ^ Janusz R. Kowalczy. "Teresa Torańska". culture.pl. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ The Play: Short Stories. Perioodika. 1984.
- ^ Brian Laban (1981). Winners: a who's who of motor racing champions. Orbis. ISBN 978-0-85613-042-7.
- ^ Tennessee Blue Book. Secretary of State. 1983.
- ^ Shirelle Phelps (10 December 1996). Contemporary Black Biography: Profiles from the International Black Community. Gale. ISBN 9780787601010.
- ^ "Roberto Rivellino – Goals in International Matches". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ Official Congressional Directory, 2005-2006, 109th Congress, Convened January 4, 2005. Government Printing Office. 2005. pp. 168–. ISBN 9780160724671. GGKEY:J7SFJ9GERDN.
- ^ Seppo Luhtala (2002). Top Distance Runners of the Century: Motivation, Pain, Success: World-Class Athletes Tell. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-84126-069-3.
- ^ JPRS Report: Central Eurasia. Military affairs. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1992.
- ^ "MR. BORYS TARASYUK - Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine" (PDF). ft.dk. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ David Becker; Scott Hill (2010). The Coaches. Sports Wisdom. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-9807672-0-9.
- ^ "Martin Chivers on Tony Currie". Tottenham Hotspur. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ S. N. Sadasivan (2000). A Social History of India. APH Publishing. p. 690. ISBN 978-81-7648-170-0.
- ^ Jaci Jarrett Masztal; Diane M. Salamon (2002). Journey to the Top: Life Stories and Insights from Fifty Governors. Hats Office. ISBN 978-1-58736-146-3.
- ^ Congress (U S ) Joint Committee on Printing (30 March 2016). Official Congressional Directory 114th Congress, 2015-2016, Convened January 2015. Government Printing Office. pp. 169–. ISBN 978-0-16-092997-7.
- ^ "Dennis O'Driscoll". The Telegraph. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ Official Baseball Register. The Sporting News. 1986. ISBN 9780892042081.
- ^ Robert McCrum (24 August 2008). "Up Pompeii with the roguish don". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ Rex Hall; David Shayler (7 May 2003). Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 427. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.
- ^ "Royce Ayliffe - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
- ^ Nick Heath-Brown (7 February 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2016: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-1-349-57823-8.
- ^ "Martin Plaza". Discogs.
- ^ "Karen Pence Biography - Second Lady of the United States and former First Lady of Indiana". pantheon.world.
- ^ "Evangelos Venizelos". Hellenic Parliament. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
- ^ Steve Hochman (1999). Popular Musicians: The Doobie Brothers-Paul McCartney. Salem Press. ISBN 978-0-89356-988-4.
- ^ Joint Publications Research Service Report. Science and Technology. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Space. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1989.
- ^ Les de Villiers (1 October 2002). Africa 2003. Business Books International. ISBN 978-0-916673-11-6.
- ^ "Panagiotis Giannakis". Olympic.org. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ "Sam Backo - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
- ^ "MUSCATELLI, Prof. (Vito) Antonio". Who's Who. Oxford University Press. December 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ "Jean-Marc Gounon". MotorSport database. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ "Dedee Pfeiffer Biography (1964-)". Film Reference. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ "Ms Anna Burke MP". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
- ^ United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (2015). Serbia's Leadership of the OSCE: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, February 25, 2015. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
- ^ Palgrave Macmillan (28 February 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2017: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 375–. ISBN 978-1-349-68398-7.
- ^ "NRL: Tawera Nikau torn between facts and fairytales". NZ Herald. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ January 1 – FIFA competition record (archived)
- ^ "Verne Troyer Obituary (1969 - 2018) - MLive.com". obits.mlive.com.
- ^ "Sergei Kiriakov :: Sergei Vyacheslavovich Kiriakov ::". www.playmakerstats.com.
- ^ "Bobby Holik". Hockey Reference. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ "The evolution of Honorable Shri. Jyotiraditya Scindia". The Times of India. 2002-06-02. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ Richard Sandomir (1 October 2000). "SYDNEY 2000: FREESTYLE WRESTLING; Silver Medalists Do Much Agonizing in Defeat". New York Times. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ Laurent Dubois (9 February 2011). Soccer Empire: The World Cup and the Future of France. Univ of California Press. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-0-520-26978-1.
- ^ John Zeyad Bejermi (2008). Canadian Parliamentary Handbook. Borealis Press. ISBN 978-0-88887-350-7.
- ^ Sporting News (August 1999). Official NBA Register: Every Player, Every Stat!, 1999-2000 Edition. Sporting News Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-89204-620-1.
- ^ "Joe Cannon Player Profile – ESPN FC". ESPN FC. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
- ^ "Becky Kellar (Duke)". Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ Steve Gietschier (1 November 1999). Chase's sports calendar of events. Contemporary Books. ISBN 978-0-8092-2600-9.
- ^ "Vidya Balan Birthday Special: Here's How The 40 Year Old Diva Breaks The Fashion Code Of Bollywood-View Pics!". LatestLY. January 1, 2019.
- ^ "Zsolt Baumgartner". ESPN. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Fulham FC » Players from A-Z". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "David Nalbandian". ITF Tennis - Pro Circuit. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ "AREVALO EGIDIO RAUL RIOS" (in Italian). US Città di Palermo. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ Roberto Quercetani (15 September 2009). World History of Hurdle and Steeplechase Racing: Men and Women. Edit Vallardi. ISBN 9788895684291.
- ^ "BEST OLYMPIC ARCHERS OF ALL-TIME: #3 PARK SUNG-HYUN". World Archery. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ "Tottenham Hotspur » Players from A-Z". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia – List of Players" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 4 June 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
- ^ "Michael Witt - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
- ^ "Steven Davis". Irish Football Association. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
- ^ "Tiago Splitter". ACB.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-03. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ "Pablo Cuevas". Wimbledon Championships. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ "Ramses Barden". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
- ^ "Glen Davis Stats". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2021-01-29.
- ^ "UPI Almanac for Tuesday, Jan. 1, 2019". United Press International. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
actor Colin Morgan in 1986
- ^ "Meryl Davis". Olympic.org. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ "Patric Hornqvist Stats and News". NHL.com.
- ^ "Jason Pierre-Paul". NFL. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
- ^ "Julia Glushko," wtatennis.com.
- ^ "Darius Slay". NFL.com. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ "Xavier Su'a-Filo Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com.
- ^ <cite web|url=https://www.therhinos.co.uk/player/nathaniel-peteru/%7Ctitle=Nathaniel Peteru|website=Leeds Rhinos|access-date=20 October 2020}}
- ^ "Brendan Elliot - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
- ^ "Official NRL profile". Gold Coast Titans. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ "Patrick Carrigan - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
- ^ Brian W. Jones; R. D. Milns (1984). The Use of Documentary Evidence in the Study of Roman Imperial History. Sydney University Press. ISBN 978-0-424-00105-0.
- ^ Alban Butler (1868). The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints. J. Duffy. pp. 21–.
- ^ Marc Bloch (November 2002). Feudal Society: Vol 2: Social Classes and Political Organisation. Routledge. pp. 108–. ISBN 978-1-134-95582-4.
- ^ Charles F. H. Evans (1989). Studies in Genealogy and Family History in Tribute to Charles Evans on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday. Association for the Promotion of Scholarship in Genealogy. p. 324.
- ^ Alma Colk Santosuosso (1989). Letter Notations in the Middle Ages. Institute of Mediaeval Music. ISBN 978-0-931902-63-5.
- ^ Frederick I (Holy Roman Emperor) (31 May 2013). The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-4724-1396-3.
- ^ Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles: Orkneyinga saga, and Magnus saga, with appendices. Edited by Gudbrand Vigfusson, M.A. Kraus Reprint. 1964.
- ^ Bernard Bolingbroke Woodward; William Leist Readwin Cates (1872). Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. Lee and Shepard. p. 313.
- ^ Samuel Bentley (1831). Excerpta historica. S. Bentley. p. 344.
- ^ Ralph E. Giesey (1960). The Royal Funeral Ceremony in Renaissance France. Librairie Droz. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-2-600-02987-2.
- ^ John Brown (1818). Memoirs of the Courts of Sweden and Denmark: During the Reigns of Christian VII. of Denmark and Gustavus III. and IV. of Sweden. Grolier Society. pp. 203–.
- ^ Joachim Du Bellay (12 September 2006). Joachim Du Bellay: "The Regrets," with "The Antiquities of Rome," Three Latin Elegies, and "The Defense and Enrichment of the French Language." A Bilingual Edition. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-8122-3941-5.
- ^ Ira Moskowitz (1976). Great Drawings of All Time: German, Flemish and Dutch, thirteenth through nineteenth century. Kodansha International. ISBN 978-0-87011-291-1.
- ^ "BALDINUCCI, Filippo". Traccani. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ Paul Baines; Julian Ferraro; Pat Rogers (28 December 2010). The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Eighteenth-Century Writers and Writing 1660 - 1789. John Wiley & Sons. p. 563. ISBN 978-1-4443-9008-7.
- ^ Hans Niels Jahnke. A History of Analysis. American Mathematical Soc. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8218-9050-9.
- ^ David Mason Greene (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
- ^ Otto Erich Deutsch (1 June 1966). Mozart: A Documentary Biography. Stanford University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-8047-0233-1.
- ^ Belle Assemblée: Or, Court and Fashionable Magazine; Containing Interesting and Original Literature, and Records of the Beau-monde. J. Bell. 1827. p. 140.
- ^ Museum of Fine Arts (Springfield, Mass.); John Lee Clarke (1937). Francesco Guardi, 1712-1793. City Library Association.
- ^ The Musk-ox. Institute for Northern Studies, University of Saskatchewan. 1978.
- ^ Jane Downes; Tony Pollard (1999). The Loved Body's Corruption: Archaeological Contributions to the Study of Human Mortality. Cruithne Press. ISBN 978-1-873448-06-9.
- ^ Frank Clune (1967). Serenade to Sydney: some historical landmarks. Angus and Robertson.
- ^ "ОСТРОГРАДСКИЙ • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия". bigenc.ru.
- ^ Kunes, Josef (February 13, 2012). Dimensionless Physical Quantities in Science and Engineering. Elsevier. ISBN 9780123914583 – via Google Books.
- ^ Johnson's New Universal Cyclopædia: A Scientific and Popular Treasury of Useful Knowledge .... Supplement. First [-Third] biennial. A. J. Johnson & Son.
- ^ Newton Bateman; Paul Selby; Josiah Seymour Currey (1920). Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois: Biographical, Memorial, Illustrative. Munsell.
- ^ Telecommunication Journal. International Telecommunication Union. 1989.
- ^ "Funeral of Alfred Ely Beach. His Wife Arrives from Europe Just Before the Services". The New York Times. January 7, 1896. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
The funeral of Alfred Ely Beach, the Inventor, who died on New Year's morning of pneumonia, after a brief Illness, was held yesterday morning at 9 West ...
- ^ Serle, Percival (1949). "Nelson, Hugh Muir". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
- ^ Canadian Bookman. F.I. Weaver. 1939.
- ^ The Independent. proprietors. 1963.
- ^ Mustafa Necati page (in Turkish) Accessed 2 March 2019
- ^ G. van Iterson; L.E. den den Dooren de Jong; A.J. Kluyver (11 November 2013). Martinus Willem Beijerinck: His Life and his Work. Springer. p. 49. ISBN 978-94-017-6107-9.
- ^ Back to Godhead: The Magazine of the Hare Krishna Movement. Baktivendanta Book Trust. 1982.
- ^ Contemporary Indian Literature. S.L. Shastry. 1965.
- ^ Antonia Brodie; British Architectural Library; Royal Institute of British Architects (20 December 2001). Directory of British Architects, 1834-1914: Vol. 2 (L-Z). A&C Black. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8264-5514-7.
- ^ Peter Arnold; Peter Wynne-Thomas (1 January 1988). The Illustrated History of the Test Match. Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 978-0-283-99618-4.
- ^ Cecelia Tichi (1998). Reading Country Music: Steel Guitars, Opry Stars, and Honky-tonk Bars. Duke University Press. pp. 19–. ISBN 0-8223-2168-8.
- ^ Chris Wrigley (2002). Winston Churchill: A Biographical Companion. ABC-CLIO. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-87436-990-8.
- ^ Elizabeth A. Brennan; Elizabeth C. Clarage (1999). Who's who of Pulitzer Prize Winners. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 516. ISBN 978-1-57356-111-2.
- ^ Joy Porter (2001). To be Indian: The Life of Iroquois-Seneca Arthur Caswell Parker. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-8061-3317-1.
- ^ James Monaco (1991). The Encyclopedia of Film. Perigee Books. p. 522. ISBN 978-0-399-51604-7.
- ^ A. T. Lane (1995). Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-313-29899-8.
- ^ John Parker (1972). Who's who in the Theatre. Pitman.
- ^ "Venerable St. Amphilochius of Pochaev". Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Washington D.C. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Edward Baron Turk (3 April 2000). Hollywood Diva: A Biography of Jeanette MacDonald. University of California Press. pp. 333–. ISBN 978-0-520-22253-3.
- ^ Leonard A. Woods; Carle Hessay (2005). Meditations on the Paintings of Carl Hessay. Paintings of Carle Hessay. p. 1953. ISBN 978-1-895666-27-4.
- ^ Socialist Affairs. Socialist International. 1980. p. 21.
- ^ Janet Podell (1 May 1982). Annual Obituary, 1981. Thomson Gale. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-912289-51-9.
- ^ John A. Willis (1983). Screen World. Crown Publishers. p. 211. ISBN 9780517550670.
- ^ Harry Shapiro (1997). Alexis Korner: The Biography. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-3163-0.
- ^ Emerson W. Pugh (1995). Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and Its Technology. MIT Press. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-262-16147-3.
- ^ Dod's Parliamentary Companion. Dod's Parliamentary Companion Limited. 1994. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-905702-21-6.
- ^ Cordelia Candelaria (2004). Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 705. ISBN 978-0-313-33211-1.
- ^ R. A. Markus (6 January 1994). "Obituary: Professor Edward Thompson". The Independent. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ Valentine Telegdi (13 January 1995). "Obituary: Professor Eugene Wigner". The Independent. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ J. Y. Smith (January 2, 1996). "WWII Hero Arleigh A. Burke Dies". Washington Post. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ Wolfgang Saxon (January 3, 1996). "Arthur Rudolph, 89, Developer Of Rocket in First Apollo Flight". New York Times. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ Kruth, J. (2007) "To Live's to Fly: The Ballad of the Late, Great Townes Van Zandt".
- ^ "Eight-time Wimbledon Champ Helen Wills Moody Dies". Washington Post. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ Philip Jones (16 February 2000) Obituary: Betty Archdale, The Guardian, London
- ^ Gussow, Mel (January 3, 2001). "Ray Walston, Broadway Star And TV Martian, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
- ^ Bernard Weinraub (3 January 2002). "Julia Phillips, 57, Producer Who Assailed Hollywood, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- ^ Harriman, Peter and David Kranz. "S.D. loses legend, American hero", Argus Leader, January 2, 2003.
- ^ Barron, James (January 3, 2005). "Shirley Chisholm, 'Unbossed' Pioneer in Congress, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ Martin, Douglas (January 9, 2006). "Harry Magdoff, Economist, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ Mark Krupnick (4 January 2007). "Tillie Olsen". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- ^ India. Parliament. House of the People (February 2008). Parliamentary Debates: Official Report. Lok Sabha Secretariat.
- ^ Mulligan, John E. "Claiborne Pell dies". Providence Journal. Archived from the original on April 23, 2011.
- ^ Peter Keepnews (7 January 2010). "Lhasa de Sela, Singer Who Crossed Borders, Dies at 37". New York Times. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- ^ "Kiro Gligorov, Ex-Leader of Macedonia, Dies at 94". New York Times. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ Aung, Peter (1 January 2012). "Nay Win Maung dies of heart attack". Democratic Voice of Burma. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ "Legendary coach and athletic director Tommy Mont dies at 89". Depauw University. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ Baxter, Peter (1 January 2013). "Christopher Martin-Jenkins obituary". The Guardian. London.
- ^ Dave Laing (3 January 2013). "Patti Page obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- ^ 東伏見慈洽さん死去 天皇陛下の叔父 [Emperor's uncle, Higashifumi Kunihide dies]. Asahi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
- ^ "Tanzania's finance minister dies in South Africa". The East African. 2 January 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
- ^ Harris M. Lentz III (11 May 2015). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2014. McFarland. p. 245. ISBN 978-1-4766-1961-3.
- ^ Helsel, Phil. "'Lost a Giant': Former New York Gov. Mario Cuomo Dies". NBC News. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
- ^ Harris M. Lentz III (3 May 2016). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2015. McFarland. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-4766-2553-9.
- ^ Lawrence Joffe. "Omar Karami obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "Russian space medic who led Mars experiment dies at 64". phys.org. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "Fazu Aliyeva passes away". Vestnik Kavkaza. 1 January 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ "Ex-Arkansas governor, Sen. Dale Bumpers dies at age 90". USA Today. 2 January 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ Ronald Bergan (4 January 2016). "Vilmos Zsigmond obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ Nicholas Stern (10 January 2017). "Sir Tony Atkinson Obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ^ "Former MP, minister Yvon Dupuis dies at the age of 90". Montreal Gazette. January 7, 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ Jane O'Grady (12 January 2017). "Derek Parfit obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ Margalit Fox (2018-01-02). "Robert Mann, a Founder of the Juilliard Quartet, Dies at 97". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
- ^ Reid, Emma (1 January 2019) Tributes flow for former MP Paul Neville, NewsMail; retrieved 3 March 2020.
- ^ Graff, Gary (January 2, 2019). "Pegi Young, Musician & Former Wife of Neil Young, Dies at 66".
- ^ Chesshyre, Robert (2020-01-05). "Obituary: Alexander Frater 1937-2020". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- ^ "'Magnificent Seven' loses apartheid fighting Wallaby". Fox Sports Australia. 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- ^ Stein, Marc (2020-01-01). "David Stern, Transformative N.B.A. Commissioner, Dies at 77". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
- ^ Staff, B. B. N. (2021-01-02). "Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, trailblazing educator and first Governor-General, dead at 90". Belize News and Opinion on www.breakingbelizenews.com. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to January 1.