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Rizal (province)

Coordinates: 14°40′N 121°15′E / 14.67°N 121.25°E / 14.67; 121.25
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This article is about the Province of Rizal. For other uses, see Rizal (province) (disambiguation).
Rizal
Province
Lalawigan ng Rizal (Province of Rizal)
Rizal Provincial Capitol
Rizal Provincial Capitol
Flag of Rizal
Flag
Official seal of Rizal
Seal
Anthem: Rizal Mabuhay
Location in the Philippines
Location in the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°40′N 121°15′E / 14.67°N 121.25°E / 14.67; 121.25
CountryPhilippines
RegionCalabarzon
FoundedJune 11, 1901
Named forJosé Rizal
CapitalPasig, Metro Manila
(De jure)
Antipolo
(De facto and seat of government)
Government
 • TypeSangguniang Panlalawigan
 • GovernorRebecca A. Ynares (NPC)
 • Vice GovernorReynaldo H. San Juan, Jr. (NPC)
Area
[1]
 • Total1,191.94 km2 (460.21 sq mi)
 • Rank73rd out of 81
Highest elevation
(Mount Irid)
1,448 m (4,751 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[2]
 • Total3,330,143
 • Rank5th out of 81
 • Density2,800/km2 (7,200/sq mi)
  • Rank1st out of 81
DemonymRizaleño
Divisions
 • Independent cities0
 • Component cities
1
 • Municipalities
13
 • Barangays188
 • Districts1st and 2nd districts of Rizal, 1st and 2nd districts of Antipolo
Demographics
 • Ethnic groups
 • Languages
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
1850–1990
IDD : area code +63 (0)2
ISO 3166 codePH-RIZ
Websiterizalprovince.ph Edit this at Wikidata
* Although provincial government operations have moved to Antipolo, no legislation on the national level has recognized the new capital yet.[3] Pasig remains the de jure capital of Rizal.[4]

Rizal, officially known as the Province of Rizal (Filipino: Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The province is named after José Rizal, one of the main national heroes of the Philippines. Rizal is bordered by Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the north, Quezon to the east and Laguna to the southeast. The province also lies on the northern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range.

The provincial capital of Rizal is situated in Antipolo while Pasig, Metro Manila, outside the jurisdiction of the province, is the official capital.[4]

History

Tagalog settlement arrived some time in the pre-Spanish period. The provincial territory began with the organization of the Tondo province and Laguna province during the Spanish administration. Some of the towns like Pasig, Parañaque, Taytay and Cainta were already thriving.

From the reports of the Encomiendas in 1582-1583, the Encomiendas of Moron (Morong) was under the jurisdiction of La Laguna and, the Encomiendas of Passi (Pasig), Taitay (Taytay) and Tagui (Taguig) belonged to the Province of Tondo. It was recorded that in 1591, the Encomiendas of Moron and Taitay were under the jurisdiction of the Franciscan Order in the Province of La Laguna; and the Encomiendas of Nabotas (Navotas), Tambobo (Malabon), Tondo, Parañaque (then La Huerta, Parañaque), Longalo (Don Galo, Parañaque), Tagui and Pasig were under the jurisdiction of the Augustinians in the Province of Tondo.

In 1853 a new political subdivision was formed. This consisted of the towns of Antipolo (now a city), Bosoboso, Cainta and Taytay from the Province of Tondo; and the towns of Morong, Baras, Tanay, Pililla, Angono, Binangonan and Jalajala from the Province of La Laguna, with the capital at Morong. This district was changed to Distrito Politico-Militar de Morong after four years.

In 1860, by virtue of Circular No. 83, dated September 2, 1859, the Province of Tondo became the Province of Manila. All its towns were placed under the administration, fiscal supervision and control of the Governor of the new province.

The town of Mariquina (Marikina) became the capital of the Province of Manila during the tenure of the revolutionary government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. The Province of Morong had for its capital the town of Antipolo for the period 1898-1899, and the town of Tanay for 1899-1900.

On February 6, 1901, the First Philippine Commission sought to establish civil government in the country through a provincial organization act after the Filipino-Spanish and Filipino-American conflicts.

Therefore, on June 5, 1901, a historic meeting was held at the Pasig Catholic Church for the organization of a civil government in the Provinces of Manila and Morong, with 221 delegates in attendance. The first Philippine Commission, headed by William Howard Taft and composed of Commissioners Luke E. Wright, Henry C. Ide, Bernard Moses and Dean C. Worcester, discussed with the Assembly the issue of whether or not to write the Province of Manila with Morong Province, was not self-sufficient to operate as a separate province.

Although the delegates from Morong, Hilarion Raymundo and José Tupas, objected to the proposal, Juan Sumulong of Antipolo strongly advocated the move. After much acrimonious debate and upon the suggestion of Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera the body agreed on the creation of a new province independent of the Province of Manila. The new province was aptly named after Jose Rizal, the country's national hero.

On June 11, 1901, the province of Rizal was officially and legally created by virtue of an Act No. 137 by the First Philippine Commission which during the time was acting as the unicameral legislative body in the island of Luzon.

The new province was composed of 29 municipalities, 17 from the old Province of Manila (Caloocan, Las Piñas, Mariquina (Marikina), Montalban (Rodriguez), Muntinlupa, Navotas, Novaliches, Parañaque, Pasig, Pateros, Pineda (Pasay), San Felipe Neri (Mandaluyong), San Juan del Monte (San Juan), San Mateo, San Pedro Macati (Makati), Taguig, Tambobong (Malabon)); and 12 from the Politico-Militar District of Morong, (Angono, Baras, Binangonan, Cainta, Antipolo, Cardona, Jalajala, Morong, Pililla, Tanay, Taytay and Teresa). The City of Manila from the old Province of Manila was treated as a separate entity. The seat of the provincial government was Pasig.

In year 1939, Quezon City was established, which included parts of Caloocan, and later on, Novaliches and parts of Marikina and San Juan towns.

World War II

During World War II, Japanese fighter and bomber planes rained explosives on the province in December 1941. Japanese Imperial troops invaded Rizal in 1942 at the onset of the Japanese Occupation.[further explanation needed] The establishment of the General Headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary went the military stationed in Rizal from January 3, 1942 to June 30, 1946 against the Japanese Occupation.[incomprehensible]

Many Rizaleños organised themselves into a resistance movement, grouped in some places as the Hunters ROTC and the Marking's Filipino-American Troops (MFAT) in guerrilla camps in the province's mountains. The guerrilla forces also aided Filipino soldiers in the Philippine Commonwealth Army and American troops in fighting the Japanese troops. The local military unit of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active from January 3, 1942 to June 30, 1946, while the local unit of the Philippine Constabulary was active from October 28, 1944 to June 30, 1946.[further explanation needed] United States forces had liberated parts of Luzon by January 1945. During the Allied Liberation that lasted until August that year, the combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth military ground troops aided the local Rizaleño Hunters ROTC and MFAT.

Post-war

Through Presidential Decree № 824, Rizal was partitioned on 7 November 1975 to form Metro Manila. The municipalities of Las Piñas, Parañaque, Muntinlupa, Taguig, Pateros, Makati, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig and Marikina, and the three cities of Caloocan, Pasay and Quezon City were excised to form the new region, while the other 14 towns remained in Rizal.[5]

Rizal Governor Dr. Casimiro Ynares III on June 17, 2008 announced the transfer of the Capitol from Pasig. Its ₱ 270-million capitol building, constructed in Antipolo by Ortigas & Co., owner thereof, was completed by December of that year. Built on 5-hectare lot at the Ynares Center, it employs 2,008 employees.[6] The New Capitol was successfully inaugurated on March 4, 2009, bringing back the Capitol Building inside the provincial territory, from which it was absent for 33 years (when Pasig was incorporated into Metro Manila).

Geography

Rizal covers a total area of 1,191.94 square kilometres (460.21 sq mi)[7] occupying the northern-central section of the Calabarzon in Luzon. The province is bordered on the north by Bulacan, east by Quezon, southeast by Laguna, south by the Laguna de Bay, and west by Metro Manila.

Located 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Manila, commuters take approximately an hour to reach the provincial seat which is at Antipolo. Generally hilly and mountainous in terrain, most of the province's southern towns lie in the shores of Laguna de Bay, the country's largest inland body of water. The province has an area of 1,191.94 square kilometres (460.21 sq mi).[1]

Talim Island, the largest island situated within the Laguna de Bay, is under the jurisdiction of the province.

Mountainous terrain in Rodriguez
Rice fields in Binangonan
Laguna de Bay seen from Cardona

Climate

Template:Rizal weatherbox

Administrative divisions

Rizal comprises 13 municipalities and 1 city.[7]

  •  †  Provincial capital and component city
  •   Municipality

Demographics

Population census of Rizal
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 50,095—    
1918 63,719+1.62%
1939 87,876+1.54%
1948 104,578+1.95%
1960 173,958+4.33%
1970 307,238+5.85%
1975 411,109+6.01%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1980 555,533+6.20%
1990 977,448+5.81%
1995 1,312,489+5.68%
2000 1,707,218+5.80%
2007 2,284,046+4.10%
2010 2,484,840+3.11%
2015 2,884,227+2.88%
Figures prior to 1980 exclude areas that became part of Metro Manila.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[8][9][10][11]

The population of Rizal in the 2020 census was 3,330,143 people,[2] with a density of 2,800 inhabitants per square kilometre or 7,300 inhabitants per square mile. Due to its location being in the heart of the Katagalugan, almost all of the residents of Rizal mainly speak Tagalog. English and Filipino are used as second languages respectively.

Religion

Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion with about 80 percent adherence (Diocese of Antipolo, [Catholic-Hierarchy], 2004)[full citation needed].and 2% are from Members Church of God International of Bro. Eli Soriano Various Christian groups exist such as Aglipayan Church, Born-again Christians, Jesus Is Lord Church, Iglesia Ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptist, Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints, El Shaddai (movement) Methodists, Presbyterians, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians. Muslims, Anitists, animists, and atheists are also present in the province.

Economy

Before the 1990s, the primary source of economy in Rizal province were the huge piggery estates owned by Manila-based families.[citation needed] In the recent years, the province became one of the most progressive provinces in country, owing to its proximity to Metro Manila, the economic center of the Philippines. Antipolo, Taytay and Cainta serve as the economic centers of the province, while Angono, Rodriguez, Morong, San Mateo, Tanay, Binangonan and Teresa are taking successful steps to urbanize areas within their jurisdiction. [citation needed] Other areas of the province are having difficulty to start the urbanization process, mainly because of the lack of main roads to connect these to economic centers.[citation needed]

In a study recently[when?] conducted by the National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB),[citation needed] Rizal province came out to be the Philippines' least poor province with a poverty incidence rate of 3.4%, even lower than that of the National Capital Region or Metro Manila. [citation needed]. In April 23, 2013, the National Statistics Coordination Board (NCSB) reported that Rizal, from being the least poor province in poverty incidence moved down to the 3rd Place, with Cavite taking over as the least province by 4.1% (compared to Rizal's 7.6%) and Laguna for 2nd with 6.3%.[12]

Antipolo, the province's capital city, is the center of trade and exchange, tourism, government and economy.[citation needed] It is also a center of education and sports because of the availability of various educational and physical training facilities.[citation needed] Acclaimed of its scenic attractions, the city also produces agricultural products such as cashew nuts and rice cakes.[citation needed] Taytay, the province's center of garment and textile manufacturing, is also the town where the country's largest mall operator runs a store near the town center.[citation needed] Meanwhile, Cainta serves as the center of business-process outsourcing (BPO) businesses in the province, aside from being known for the presence of several shopping centers and delicacies such as bibingka or rice cakes.[citation needed]

Points of interest

Government

The old Capitol in Pasig, which was the seat of government for the province until the new capitol building in Antipolo was completed

The provincial legislature or the Sangguniang Panlalawigan is composed of ten elected members. Four members are elected from each of the province's legislative district, while each of Antipolo's legislative district elect a single member.

Governors

Main article: Governor of Rizal

References

  1. ^ a b "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  2. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  3. ^ Yehey! News - Board wants Antipolo officially named capital of Rizal[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ a b Rosario, Ben (23 September 2017). "Bill seeks to make Antipolo City the capital of Rizal". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  5. ^ "Presidential Decree No. 824 - Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes". The LawPhil Project. Malacañang, Manila, Philippines. 7 November 1975. Retrieved 17 April 2016. Section 2. Territorial Jurisdiction. The Commission shall have jurisdiction over the cities of Manila, Quezon, Pasay and Caloocan and the municipalities of Makati, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig, Pateros, Parañaque, Marikina, Muntinlupa, and Taguig in the province of Rizal; and the municipality of Valenzuela, in the province of Bulacan, all of which together shall henceforth be known as Metropolitan Manila.
  6. ^ "gmanews.tv, Rizal capitol to be transferred to Antipolo". Gmanews.tv. 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
  7. ^ a b c d "Province: Rizal (province)". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  8. ^ a b Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  9. ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  10. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities (PDF). National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  11. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  12. ^ "Rizal poverty incidence rate". NCSB. 2013-04-23. Archived from the original on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-05-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Pinto Art Museum
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