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||45||align=left|[[Chongqing]]<ref>Excludes urban area of [[Wanzhou District|Wanzhou]] (Wanxian) (200,000; 16&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled ''municipality'' of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled ''city'' of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area.</ref>||align=left|{{CHN}}||6,710,000||570||11,770||E / B
||45||align=left|[[Chongqing]]<ref>Excludes urban area of [[Wanzhou District|Wanzhou]] (Wanxian) (200,000; 16&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled ''municipality'' of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled ''city'' of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area.</ref>||align=left|{{CHN}}||6,710,000||570||11,770||E / B
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||45||align=left|[[Kanpur]]<ref>http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/population_of_kanpur</ref>||align=left|{{IND}}|| 6,532,556||1,640<ref>http://www.kanpuria.com</ref>||1449||C / B
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||46||align=left|[[Bandung]]||align=left|{{IDN}}||6,420,000||570||11,260||F / B
||46||align=left|[[Bandung]]||align=left|{{IDN}}||6,420,000||570||11,260||F / B
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||103||align=left|[[Cape Town]]||align=left|{{ZAF}}||3,430,000||686||5,000||C / B
||103||align=left|[[Cape Town]]||align=left|{{ZAF}}||3,430,000||686||5,000||C / B
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||103||align=left|[[Kanpur]]||align=left|{{IND}}||3,430,000||192||17,860||D / B
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||106||align=left|[[Busan]]<ref>Excludes urban areas of [[Ulsan]] (1,080,000; 104&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) and [[Changwon]] (1,000,000; 104&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>).</ref>||align=left|{{KOR}}||3,395,000||259||13,110||E / B
||106||align=left|[[Busan]]<ref>Excludes urban areas of [[Ulsan]] (1,080,000; 104&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) and [[Changwon]] (1,000,000; 104&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>).</ref>||align=left|{{KOR}}||3,395,000||259||13,110||E / B

Revision as of 12:48, 26 January 2012

This is a list of contiguous urban areas of the world ordered according to population as of 2011. The figures here have been compiled by Demographia.[1]

Definitions and issues

Demographia defines an urban area (urbanized area agglomeration or urban centre) as a continuously built up landmass of urban development containing a high population density, without regard for administrative boundaries (i.e. municipality, city or commune) or a labor market (i.e. metropolitan area). Except in Australia, the authorities use a minimum urban density definition of 400 persons per square kilometer (or the nearly identical 1,000 per square mile in the United States). Demographia uses maps, satellite photographs to estimate continuous urbanization. Demographia also uses small area population data, where available, to match population estimates to urbanized land area. National census authority data are presented in Australia, Canada, France, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. Census of India urban agglomerations are not used because the geographical size of constituent units (municipalities) often includes large rural (non-urban) areas.

Sources for population estimates and land area definitions are coded by letter in the Table below, respectively.

A: National census authority data for agglomerations (land area or population).
B: Demographia land area estimate based upon map or satellite photograph analysis.
C: Demographia "local area build up" population estimate from national statistical agency data.
D: Population estimate based upon the United Nations agglomeration estimate.
E: Demographia population estimate from national census authority metropolitan area data.
F: Other Demographia population estimate, such as from unofficial local reports.
H: Combination of adjacent national census authority agglomerations (land area or population).
L: Local government population estimate.

The most reliable population estimates are A and H. Population estimates C are generally reliable. Population estimates D are less reliable, because it is sometimes difficult to determine whether the data is based upon metropolitan area, urban area populations or some other definition. Population estimates E are also less reliable, for generally these estimates are derived by subtracting estimated population for the rural parts of metropolitan areas based upon estimated urban versus rural population differentials. Population estimates coded F and L are the least reliable (e.g. Beijing, Dongguan, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Suzhou and Quanzhou in the People's Republic of China, Bandung and Surabaya in Indonesia, and Tunis in Tunisia).

The projected year (2011) population estimate is further calculated from the base year population estimate using population growth rate based upon the United Nations 2007 World Urbanization growth rate with some exceptions.

The estimates are quite different from the list of World's largest urban agglomerations produced by the United Nations that reports inconsistently on urban geographic, despite its reference to agglomerations. This is evident, for example, in Manila, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Seoul and Moscow, where the UN data are for political jurisdictions, rather than urban areas. In other cases, the UN data is for metropolitan area, which are larger than urban areas (such as in Brazil). Finally, the United Nations data is incomplete, excluding some significant urban areas (such as Essen–Düsseldorf in Germany or Pattaya in Thailand).

Urban areas are confined to a single metropolitan area or labor market area. In some cases, urban areas have virtually grown together (e.g. Taiheiyō Belt in Japan, the Pearl River Delta in the People's Republic of China and the Northeast megalopolis in the United States), yet are still considered separate urban areas. Urban areas that seem likely to grow together in the near future are also not combined (such as Dhaka and Narayanganj in Bangladesh or Tehran and Karaj in Iran).

Urban areas are confined to a single nation, unless there is freedom of movement (including labor) between the adjacent nations. Currently, this condition is met only between some continental nations of the European Union and Switzerland (e.g. Lille–Kortrijk in both France and Belgium, Aachen–Vaals in both Germany and Netherlands, Saarbrücken–Forbach in both Germany and France, and Geneva–Annemasse in both Switzerland and France). Thus, Detroit–Windsor in both the United States and Canada, and San Diego–Tijuana in both the United States and Mexico are not treated as single urban areas. Moreover, Shenzhen–Hong Kong in China is treated as separate urban areas, principally because labor movement between the two is limited.

According to the report, there are 796 identified urban areas in the world with 500,000 or more population as of 2011. As better satellite imagery has become available for a number of urban areas since the 2010 edition, this has resulted in land area increases or decreases in various urban areas, especially in Bangladesh, China and India. It is important to recognize that most of the data is estimated. Appropriate caution is therefore advised. Substantial population revisions are likely within the next two years as complete results are obtained for recent censuses in the People's Repulic of China, India, Japan and the United States.

Urban areas (population over 2,000,000) ranked by 2011 projected population

Rank City Country Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Sources of

Pop. / Area

1 Tokyo–Yokohama (Keihin)[2]  Japan 36,690,000 9,065 4,050 D / B
2 Delhi[3]  India 22,630,000 1,567 14,440 D / B
3 Seoul–Incheon[4]  South Korea 22,525,000 2,163 10,410 C / B
4 Jakarta (Jabodetabek)[5]  Indonesia 22,245,000 2,784 7,990 C / B
5 Metro Manila[6]  Philippines 21,295,000 1,425 14,940 C / B
6 Mumbai (Bombay)[7]  India 21,290,000 777 27,400 D / B
7 New York[8]  United States 20,710,000 11,264 1,840 H / H
8 São Paulo[9]  Brazil 20,395,000 2,914 7,000 D / B
9 Mexico City (Valley of Mexico)[10]  Mexico 19,565,000 2,020 9,690 D / B
10 Shanghai[11]  China 18,665,000 2,914 6,410 L / B
11 Cairo[12]  Egypt 17,550,000 1,709 10,270 E / B
12 Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto (Keihanshin)[13]  Japan 17,005,000 3,212 5,290 C / B
13 Kolkata (Calcutta)  India 15,835,000 803 19,720 D / B
14 Shenzhen[14]  China 15,250,000 1,671 9,130 F / B
15 Los Angeles[15]  United States 14,940,000 5,812 2,570 H / H
16 Beijing  China 14,170,000 3,302 4,290 L / B
17 Moscow[16]  Russia 13,680,000 4,533 3,020 C / B
18 Karachi[17]  Pakistan 13,460,000 881 15,280 D / B
19 Istanbul  Turkey 13,275,000 1,399 9,490 E / B
20 Buenos Aires[18]  Argentina 13,125,000 2,681 4,900 D / B
21 Dongguan[14]  China 12,205,000 1,450 8,420 F / B
22 Rio de Janeiro  Brazil 11,990,000 2,020 5,940 D / B
23 Guangzhou–Foshan (Guangfo)[14]  China 11,905,000 2,266 5,250 E / B
24 Dhaka[19]  Bangladesh 11,485,000 324 35,450 C / B
25 Lagos[20]  Nigeria 10,855,000 997 10,890 D / B
26 Paris  France 10,485,000 3,043 3,450 D / B
27 Nagoya (Chūkyō)[21]  Japan 10,035,000 4,015 2,500 C / B
28 Chicago[22]  United States 9,240,000 5,952 1,550 H / H
29 Kinshasa[23]  Democratic Republic of the Congo 9,070,000 583 15,560 D / B
30 Lima  Peru 9,030,000 648 13,940 C / B
31 Bogotá  Colombia 8,600,000 414 20,770 D / B
32 London[24]  United Kingdom 8,585,000 1,623 5,290 A / A
33 Taipei[25]  Taiwan 8,320,000 1,140 7,300 C / B
34 Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)  Vietnam 7,970,000 842 9,470 C / B
35 Chennai (Madras)  India 7,695,000 609 12,640 D / B
36 Johannesburg–East Rand[26]  South Africa 7,550,000 2,525 2,990 C / B
37 Bengaluru (Bangalore)  India 7,365,000 738 9,980 D / B
38 Lahore  Pakistan 7,320,000 583 12,560 D / B
39 Tehran[27]  Iran 7,315,000 777 9,410 D / B
40 Essen (Ruhr)–Düsseldorf[28]  Germany 7,295,000 2,642 2,760 C / B
41 Bangkok  Thailand 7,065,000 2,202 3,210 C / B
42 Hong Kong[14]  Hong Kong 7,030,000 275 25,560 E / B
43 Hyderabad  India 6,885,000 881 7,810 D / B
44 Tianjin[29]  China 6,770,000 1,295 5,230 C / B
45 Chongqing[30]  China 6,710,000 570 11,770 E / B
45 Kanpur[31]  India 6,532,556 1,640[32] 1449 C / B
46 Bandung  Indonesia 6,420,000 570 11,260 F / B
47 Baghdad  Iraq 6,045,000 596 10,140 D / B
48 Santiago[33]  Chile 5,985,000 919 6,510 C / B
49 Kuala Lumpur (Klang Valley)[34]  Malaysia 5,965,000 2,137 2,790 E / B
50 Toronto–Hamilton[35]  Canada 5,945,000 2,279 2,610 H / H
51 Belo Horizonte  Brazil 5,910,000 1,010 5,850 D / B
52 Ahmedabad  India 5,835,000 298 19,580 D / B
53 San Francisco–San Jose[36]  United States 5,780,000 2,663 2,170 H / H
54 Dallas–Fort Worth[37]  United States 5,745,000 3,959 1,450 H / H
55 Miami[38]  United States 5,455,000 2,891 1,890 A / A
56 Wuhan  China 5,435,000 868 6,260 E / B
57 Madrid  Spain 5,410,000 945 5,720 C / B
58 Philadelphia[8]  United States 5,340,000 4,661 1,150 A / A
59 Shenyang[39]  China 5,325,000 868 6,130 E / B
60 Khartoum  Sudan 5,320,000 816 6,520 D / B
61 Chengdu  China 5,165,000 945 5,470 E / B
62 Hangzhou[11]  China 5,125,000 648 7,910 E / B
63 Singapore[40]  Singapore 5,115,000 466 10,980 A / B
64 Pune  India 5,105,000 376 13,580 D / B
65 Houston[41]  United States 5,045,000 3,463 1,460 H / H
66 Luanda  Angola 4,965,000 492 10,090 D / B
67 Riyadh  Saudi Arabia 4,945,000 1,502 3,290 E / B
68 Xi'an[42]  China 4,940,000 764 6,470 E / B
69 Boston[43]  United States 4,825,000 5,501 880 H / H
70 Atlanta[44]  United States 4,750,000 5,083 930 A / A
71 Washington, D.C.[45]  United States 4,575,000 2,996 1,530 A / A
72 Saint Petersburg[46]  Russia 4,555,000 1,191 3,820 D / B
73 Alexandria  Egypt 4,450,000 293 15,190 E / B
74 Guadalajara  Mexico 4,440,000 699 6,350 D / B
74 Yangon (Rangoon)  Myanmar 4,440,000 350 12,690 D / B
76 Milan[47]  Italy 4,360,000 2,370 1,840 C / B
77 Surat  India 4,265,000 161 26,490 A / B
78 Jaipur  India 4,245,000 168 25,270 D / B
79 Abidjan  Ivory Coast 4,230,000 324 13,060 D / B
79 Nanjing[11]  China 4,230,000 971 4,360 E / B
81 Barcelona  Spain 4,210,000 803 5,240 C / B
82 Porto Alegre  Brazil 4,115,000 777 5,300 D / B
83 Surabaya  Indonesia 4,105,000 531 7,730 F / B
84 Phoenix–Mesa[48]  United States 4,100,000 2,069 1,980 A / A
85 Harbin[49]  China 4,060,000 492 8,250 E / B
86 Ankara  Turkey 3,955,000 583 6,780 D / B
87 Salvador  Brazil 3,940,000 389 10,130 D / B
88 Monterrey  Mexico 3,910,000 894 4,370 D / B
89 Kabul  Afghanistan 3,895,000 259 15,040 D / B
90 Recife  Brazil 3,890,000 414 9,400 D / B
91 Detroit[50]  United States 3,880,000 3,267 1,190 A / A
92 Sydney[51]  Australia 3,760,000 1,788 2,100 C / A
93 Fortaleza  Brazil 3,740,000 725 5,160 D / B
94 Accra  Ghana 3,695,000 932 3,960 C / B
95 Nairobi  Kenya 3,655,000 466 7,840 D / B
96 Medellín  Colombia 3,620,000 189 19,150 D / B
97 Melbourne[52]  Australia 3,510,000 2,152 1,630 C / A
98 Curitiba  Brazil 3,490,000 842 4,140 D / B
98 Kano  Nigeria 3,490,000 220 15,860 D / B
100 Dar es Salaam  Tanzania 3,475,000 518 6,710 D / B
101 Berlin  Germany 3,450,000 984 3,510 C / B
102 Dalian  China 3,435,000 699 4,910 E / B
103 Montreal[53]  Canada 3,430,000 1,677 2,050 A / A
103 Cape Town  South Africa 3,430,000 686 5,000 C / B
106 Busan[54]  South Korea 3,395,000 259 13,110 E / B
107 Casablanca  Morocco 3,315,000 220 15,070 D / B
107 Suzhou[11]  China 3,315,000 855 3,880 F / B
109 Tel Aviv  Israel 3,305,000 479 6,900 D / B
110 Jeddah  Saudi Arabia 3,290,000 842 3,910 E / B
111 Athens  Greece 3,265,000 684 4,770 C / B
112 Ningbo[11]  China 3,210,000 570 5,630 E / B
113 Changchun  China 3,205,000 492 6,510 E / B
114 Kunming  China 3,200,000 337 9,500 E / B
115 Dubai[55]  United Arab Emirates 3,170,000 1,230 2,580 D / B
116 Aleppo  Syria 3,155,000 259 12,180 D / B
117 Caracas  Venezuela 3,125,000 272 11,490 D / B
118 Seattle[56]  United States 3,070,000 2,470 1,240 A / A
119 Addis Ababa  Ethiopia 3,040,000 228 13,330 D / B
120 Lisbon  Portugal 3,035,000 958 3,170 D / B
121 Naples  Italy 3,020,000 777 3,890 C / B
122 Taiyuan  China 3,010,000 311 9,680 E / B
123 Wuxi[11]  China 2,985,000 389 7,670 E / B
124 Rawalpindi–Islamabad  Pakistan 2,965,000 427 6,940 D / B
125 Dakar  Senegal 2,940,000 207 14,200 D / B
126 Faisalabad  Pakistan 2,930,000 181 16,190 D / B
126 Lucknow  India 2,930,000 238 12,310 D / B
128 Ibadan  Nigeria 2,915,000 363 8,030 D / B
129 Chittagong  Bangladesh 2,910,000 111 26,220 C / B
130 Durban (eThekwini)  South Africa 2,905,000 829 3,500 C / B
131 San Diego[57]  United States 2,900,000 2,026 1,430 A / A
132 Taichung  Taiwan 2,865,000 492 5,820 E / B
133 Algiers  Algeria 2,845,000 453 6,280 D / B
133 Pyongyang  North Korea 2,845,000 207 13,740 D / B
135 Campinas  Brazil 2,835,000 816 3,470 D / B
136 Kiev  Ukraine 2,815,000 544 5,170 D / B
137 İzmir  Turkey 2,755,000 272 10,130 D / B
138 Nanchang  China 2,725,000 466 5,850 E / B
139 Guayaquil  Ecuador 2,715,000 220 12,340 D / B
139 Rome[58]  Italy 2,715,000 855 3,180 C / B
141 Kaohsiung  Taiwan 2,710,000 363 7,470 E / B
142 Mashhad  Iran 2,695,000 207 13,020 D / B
143 San Juan  Puerto Rico 2,690,000 2,309 1,170 A / A
144 Minneapolis–Saint Paul[59]  United States 2,685,000 2,316 1,160 A / A
145 Nagpur  India 2,665,000 220 12,110 D / B
146 Damascus  Syria 2,655,000 181 14,670 D / B
147 Sapporo  Japan 2,650,000 622 4,260 D / B
148 Kumasi  Ghana 2,630,000 414 6,350 C / B
149 Karaj[27]  Iran 2,625,000 233 11,270 C / B
150 Qingdao  China 2,570,000 440 5,840 E / B
151 Amman[60]  Jordan 2,560,000 344 7,440 E / B
152 Fukuoka[61]  Japan 2,550,000 531 4,800 C / B
153 Maputo[62]  Mozambique 2,505,000 350 7,160 E / B
154 Katowice–Gliwice–Tychy
(Upper Silesian Metropolis)		  Poland 2,500,000 725 3,450 C / B
155 Fuzhou  China 2,475,000 259 9,560 E / B
156 Tampa–St. Petersburg[63]  United States 2,470,000 2,078 1,190 A / A
157 Sana'a  Yemen 2,445,000 179 13,660 D / B
157 Changsha  China 2,445,000 414 5,910 E / B
159 Daegu  South Korea 2,440,000 181 13,480 E / B
159 Pretoria (Tshwane)[26]  South Africa 2,440,000 1,153 2,120 C / B
161 Hanoi  Vietnam 2,415,000 285 8,470 C / B
161 Jinan  China 2,415,000 648 3,730 E / B
163 Cali  Colombia 2,405,000 155 15,520 D / B
164 Tunis  Tunisia 2,385,000 363 6,570 F / B
165 Guiyang  China 2,375,000 246 9,650 E / B
166 Denver[64]  United States 2,370,000 1,292 1,830 A / A
166 Patna  India 2,370,000 127 18,660 D / B
168 Kuwait City  Kuwait 2,345,000 544 4,310 D / B
169 Brasília[65]  Brazil 2,330,000 673 3,460 E / B
169 Zhengzhou  China 2,330,000 466 5,000 E / B
171 Puebla  Mexico 2,325,000 622 3,740 D / B
171 Shijiazhuang  China 2,325,000 363 6,400 E / B
173 Frankfurt  Germany 2,300,000 673 3,420 C / B
174 Quanzhou[66]  China 2,295,000 881 2,600 F / B
175 Birmingham[67]  United Kingdom 2,290,000 600 3,820 A / A
176 Xiamen  China 2,265,000 295 7,680 E / B
177 Tashkent  Uzbekistan 2,245,000 531 4,230 D / B
178 Manchester[68]  United Kingdom 2,240,000 558 4,010 A / A
178 Baotou  China 2,240,000 363 6,170 E / B
180 Lanzhou  China 2,230,000 181 12,320 E / B
181 Maracaibo  Venezuela 2,220,000 155 14,320 D / B
181 Indore  India 2,220,000 130 17,080 D / B
181 Wenzhou[69]  China 2,220,000 223 9,960 E / B
184 Baltimore[45]  United States 2,215,000 1,768 1,250 A / A
184 St. Louis[70]  United States 2,215,000 2,147 1,030 A / A
186 Santo Domingo  Dominican Republic 2,210,000 246 8,980 D / B
186 Haikou  China 2,210,000 163 13,560 E / B
188 Belém  Brazil 2,205,000 259 8,510 D / B
189 Zhongshan[14]  China 2,200,000 453 4,860 E / B
190 Hefei  China 2,180,000 350 6,230 E / B
191 Medan  Indonesia 2,165,000 246 8,800 D / B
192 Port-au-Prince  Haiti 2,160,000 171 12,630 D / B
193 Goiânia  Brazil 2,155,000 673 3,200 D / B
193 Douala  Cameroon 2,155,000 194 11,110 D / B
195 Shunde[14]  China 2,145,000 401 5,350 E / B
196 Havana  Cuba 2,120,000 285 7,440 D / B
197 Colombo  Sri Lanka 2,115,000 223 9,480 E / B
198 Rotterdam–The Hague[71]  Netherlands 2,105,000 842 2,500 C / B
199 Abuja  Nigeria 2,085,000 225 9,270 D / B
200 Jilin  China 2,080,000 233 8,930 E / B
201 Asunción  Paraguay 2,070,000 557 3,720 D / B
202 Cologne–Bonn[28]  Germany 2,055,000 932 2,200 C / B
203 Hohhot  China 2,050,000 272 7,540 E / B
204 Vancouver[72]  Canada 2,035,000 1,136 1,790 A / A
205 Kitakyūshū[61]  Japan 2,000,000 492 4,070 C / B

Number of urban areas (population over 2,000,000) by country

205 areas in total.

  • People's Republic of China (including Hong Kong): 41
  • United States (including Puerto Rico): 21
  • India: 15
  • Brazil: 12
  • Japan: 6
  • Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa: 4 each
  • Canada, Republic of China (Taiwan), Colombia, Iran, Italy, the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Turkey and United Kingdom: 3 each
  • Australia, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Syria, Venezuela and Vietnam: 2 each
  • 41 other countries: 1 each

Number of urban areas (population over 2,000,000) by continent

205 areas in total (Transcontinental Istanbul included in both Asia and Europe).

Number of urban areas (population over 500,000) by country

796 areas in total. Urban areas of Lille, Aachen, Saarbrücken and Geneva are counted twice below.

  • People's Republic of China (including Hong Kong and Macau): 144
  • India: 73
  • United States (including Puerto Rico): 66
  • Russia: 38
  • Brazil: 33
  • Mexico: 27
  • Japan: 23
  • Nigeria: 16
  • Germany and Indonesia: 15 each
  • Iran: 14
  • France and Turkey: 12 each
  • Pakistan and Republic of Korea (South Korea): 11 each
  • Ukraine and United Kingdom: 10 each
  • Spain: 9
  • Canada, Colombia and Italy : 8 each
  • Argentina, Morocco, Poland, South Africa and Venezuela: 7 each
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq and Saudi Arabia: 6 each
  • Australia and Republic of China (Taiwan): 5 each
  • Bangladesh, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), Malaysia, Peru, Philippines, Vietnam and Yemen: 4 each
  • Algeria, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Israel, Ivory Coast, Myanmar, Netherlands and Syria: 3 each
  • Angola, Belarus, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ghana, Greece, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Portugal, Senegal, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan and Zimbabwe: 2 each
  • 73 other countries: 1 each

See also

References and notes

  1. ^ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections: 7th Annual Edition, April 2011
  2. ^ Includes large areas of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and small areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures. Excludes urban areas of Utsunomiya (500,000; 119 km2) and Mito (500,000; 246 km2).
  3. ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh.
  4. ^ Includes satellite cities in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Goyang, Seongnam, Bucheon and Ansan which are treated as separate urban agglomerations by the United Nations. Excludes urban area of Cheonan (500,000; 57 km2) in Chungcheongnam-do.
  5. ^ Various international sources limit their population estimates to DKI Jakarta itself (the national capital district). However, the urbanization of Jakarta extends into the regencies of Tangerang, Bekasi, Bogor and Karawang and the separate cities of Bekasi, Depok and Bogor.
  6. ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to Metro Manila, which is a province level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal and Quezon provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  7. ^ Includes Kalyan, Bhiwandi, Virar, Vasai and Panvel. A large part of the municipality of Mumbai is rural, composed of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and thus not included in the urban area.
  8. ^ a b Demographia defines urban area of New York as a combination of New York–Newark, Bridgeport–Stamford, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury and Hightstown urbanized areas. New York and Philadelphia (same with Philadelphia urbanized area) are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Hartford (850,000; 1,216 km2), Allentown–Bethlehem (575,000; 750 km2), Springfield (575,000; 800 km2), Harrisburg (365,000; 540 km2), Poughkeepsie (350,000; 686 km2), Lancaster (325,000; 517 km2), Reading (240,000; 261 km2), Atlantic City (225,000; 313 km2), York (195,000; 307 km2), Waterbury (190,000; 254 km2) and Norwich–New London (175,000; 319 km2) are also excluded.
  9. ^ Includes Francisco Morato. Excludes urban area of Santos (1,820,000; 207 km2).
  10. ^ Excludes urban areas of Toluca (1,590,000; 220 km2) and Cuernavaca (675,000; 171 km2).
  11. ^ a b c d e f Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Ningbo and Wuxi are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Yangtze River Delta economic zone. Urban areas of Changzhou (1,885,000; 194 km2), Nantong (1,165,000; 85 km2), Yangzhou (1,040,000; 49 km2), Huzhou (690,000; 111 km2), Zhenjiang (580,000; 36 km2) and Taizhou (in Jiangsu Province; 300,000; 39 km2), as well as urban areas of Cixi (780,000; 259 km2) and Yuyao (370,000; 111 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Ningbo, urban areas of Jiaxing (760,000; 130 km2) and Tongxiang (510,000; 52 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jiaxing, urban areas of Shaoxing (685,000; 254 km2), Zhuji (400,000; 85 km2) and Shangyu (310,000; 57 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing, urban areas of Changshu (640,000; 62 km2), Kunshan (590,000; 401 km2) and Taicang (350,000; 91 km2) within the prefectrual level city of Suzhou, urban areas of Jinhua (400,000; 130 km2), Yongkang (290,000; 155 km2), Dongyang (260,000; 104 km2) and Lanxi (220,000; 34 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jinhua, urban areas of Wenling (510,000; 52 km2), Jiaojiang (375,000; 41 km2), Taizhou (in Zhejiang Province; 290,000; 65 km2) and Huangyan (200,000; 34 km2) within the prefectrure-level city of Taizhou and urban area of Fuyang (390,000; 49 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Hangzhou are also excluded.
  12. ^ Includes the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the cities of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Shubra al-Khaymah (Shubra El-Kheima).
  13. ^ Includes Nara and Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka–Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of Ōtsu (775,000; 303 km2) and Wakayama (430,000; 91 km2).
  14. ^ a b c d e f Hong Kong in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Shenzhen are treated as separate urban areas because of the lack of freedom of labor movement without trade, immigration or customs barriers. Guangzhou–Foshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan are also treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Pearl River Delta economic zone. While Guangzhou and Foshan are combined into a single urban area, urban areas of Shunde located within the prefecture-level city of Foshan and urban area of Zhongshan are treated as a separate urban area. Likewise, urban areas of Zhuhai (1,225,000; 246 km2), Huizhou–Huiyang (800,000; 101 km2) and Zhaoqing (310,000; 41 km2), as well as urban areas of Jiangmen–Xinhui (1,100,000; 220 km2) and Taishan (350,000; 44 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen, urban area of Lishui (300,000; 44 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Foshan and urban area of Macau (560,000; 21 km2) in the Macau Special Administrative Region are excluded. Population estimates for Shenzhen and Dongguan are based upon press and other reports on the actual population, since the national census excludes millions of residents who do not have permanent resident status.
  15. ^ Combination of Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, Riverside–San Bernardino and Mission Viejo urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Oxnard (340,000; 196 km2), Lancaster–Palmdale (265,000; 234 km2), Indio–Palm Springs (255,000; 255 km2), Temecula–Murrieta (230,000; 248 km2), Thousand Oaks (210,000; 223 km2), Victorville–Hesperia (200,000; 321 km2), Santa Barbara (195,000; 155 km2), Santa Clarita (170,000; 141 km2), Hemet (115,000; 108 km2) and Simi Valley (110,000; 70 km2).
  16. ^ The population estimate is suspect, due to the lack of readily available data for local areas outside the city jurisdiction (Moscow Oblast). Demographia is indebted to Richard Forstall, who has provided local authority area population data for portions of Moscow Oblast within the Moscow urban areas. Other estimates (such as the United Nations estimate) include only the municipality of Moscow, which includes only part of the urban footprint. Excludes urban area of Elektrostal–Noginsk (380,000; 168 km2) within Moscow Oblast.
  17. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area.
  18. ^ Excludes urban area of La Plata (675,000; 228 km2) which has been included in the 2007 edition.
  19. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from national census data within the urban footprint. Excludes urban area of Narayanganj (745,000; 39 km2) which has been included in the 2009 edition.
  20. ^ Higher population estimates are indicated by some source. The Demographia population estimate is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from the 2006 census. Excludes urban area of Ikorodu (525,000; 130 km2) within Lagos State.
  21. ^ Includes Toyohashi.
  22. ^ Combination of Chicago, Kenosha and Round Lake Beach–McHenry–Grayslake urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Milwaukee (1,370,000; 1,261 km2), South Bend (275,000; 404 km2), Rockford (270,000; 360 km2), Elkhart (130,000; 201 km2) and Racine (130,000; 119 km).
  23. ^ Excludes urban area of Brazzaville (1,355,000; 181 km2) in the Republic of the Congo.
  24. ^ Greater London urban area. Excludes urban areas of Reading (370,000; 93 km2), Southend-on-Sea (270,000; 67 km2), Crawley (180,000; 54 km2), Slough (140,000; 31 km2), Thanet (120,000; 27 km2), High Wycombe (120,000; 33 km2), St Albans (115,000; 32 km2) and Basildon (100,000; 25 km2).
  25. ^ The population is higher than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which do not include all population within the continuously developed urban area (especially in New Taipei City). Includes Taoyuan and Jhongli (Chungli) which have been excluded in the 2010 edition. Excludes urban area of Hsinchu (650,000; 117 km2).
  26. ^ a b Johannesburg–East Rand and Pretoria are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Vaal Triangle. Urban area of Vereeninging (Emfuleni) (1,140,000; 479 km2) is also excluded.
  27. ^ a b Tehran and Karaj are treated as separate urban areas. Urban area of Eslamshahr (650,000; 91  km2) is also excluded.
  28. ^ a b Essen–Düsseldorf and Cologne–Bonn are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area. Excludes urban area of Aachen–Vaals (585,000; 401 km2) in both Germany and the Netherlands.
  29. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban areas of Tangshan (1,990,000; 277 km2) and Langfang (485,000; 117 km2).
  30. ^ Excludes urban area of Wanzhou (Wanxian) (200,000; 16 km2) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area.
  31. ^ http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/population_of_kanpur
  32. ^ http://www.kanpuria.com
  33. ^ Excludes urban area of Valparaíso–Viña del Mar (860,000; 161 km2).
  34. ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area in the state of Selangor. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  35. ^ Combination of Toronto, Hamilton and Oshawa urban areas. Excludes urban areas of Kitchener (425,000; 313 km2), St. Catharines–Niagara Falls (310,000; 383 km2), Barrie (160,000; 172 km2) and Guelph (115,000; 78 km2) which constitute the Golden Horseshoe metropolitan region in Canada as well as urban areas of Buffalo (975,000; 950 km2) and Rochester (695,000; 764 km2) in the United States.
  36. ^ Combination of San Francisco–Oakland, San Jose, Concord, San Rafael, California–Novato, Vallejo and Livermore urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Santa Rosa (285,000; 264 km2), Antioch (220,000; 156 km2), Santa Cruz (155,000; 142 km2) and Fairfield (110,000; 67 km2).
  37. ^ Combination of Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington and Denton–Lewisville urbanized areas.
  38. ^ Miami urbanized area.
  39. ^ Excludes urban areas of Tieling (325,000; 65 km2) and Fushun (1,420,000; 130 km2).
  40. ^ Excludes urban area of Johor Bahru (1,540,000; 531 km2) in Malaysia.
  41. ^ Combination of Houston and The Woodlands urbanized areas.
  42. ^ Includes Xianyang which has been excluded in the 2010 edition.
  43. ^ Combination of Boston, Worcester and Nashua urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Providence (1,175,000; 1,304 km2), Manchester (145,000; 184 km2), New Bedford (145,000; 162 km2) and Leominster–Fitchburg (115,000; 162 km2).
  44. ^ Atlanta urbanized area.
  45. ^ a b The US Census Bureau combines Washington and Baltimore into a single metropolitan area (consolidated area) but Demographia considers the two (same with Washington, DC and Baltimore urbanized areas) as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Aberdeen–Havre de Grace (175,000; 264 km2), Frederick (120,000; 204 km2) and Hagerstown (120,000; 199 km2) are also excluded.
  46. ^ Include communities under the authority of the Town Council.
  47. ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area, which stretches into Como, Lecco and Varese provinces. Excludes Bergamo which has been included in the 2007 edition (4,950,000; 3,043 km2 in total).
  48. ^ Phoenix–Mesa urbanized area.
  49. ^ Excludes urban areas of Acheng (300,000; 39 km2) and Shangzhi (250,000; 18 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.
  50. ^ Detroit urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Toledo (505,000; 524 km2), Flint (365,000; 599 km2), Ann Arbor (285,000; 333 km2) and South Lyon (105,000; 246 km2) in the United States as well as urban area of Windsor (280,000; 176 km2) in Canada .
  51. ^ Excludes urban areas of Newcastle (290,000; 262 km2), Central Coast (285,000; 303 km2) and Wollongong (235,000; 184 km2).
  52. ^ Excludes urban area of Geelong (135,000; 101 km2).
  53. ^ Montréal urban area.
  54. ^ Excludes urban areas of Ulsan (1,080,000; 104 km2) and Changwon (1,000,000; 104 km2).
  55. ^ Includes Sharjah.
  56. ^ Seattle urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Bremerton (180,000; 304 km2), Olympia–Lacey (145,000; 238 km2) and Marysville (115,000; 190 km2).
  57. ^ San Diego urbanized area. Excludes urban area of Tijuana (1,680,000; 466 km2) in Mexico.
  58. ^ Excludes the State of the Vatican City.
  59. ^ Minneapolis–St. Paul urbanized area.
  60. ^ Includes Az-Zarqa.
  61. ^ a b Fukuoka and Kitakyūshū are treated as separate urban areas. Some sources combine Fukuoka with Kitakyūshū (such as the United Nations), which is not a part of the continuous urbanization of Fukuoka. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  62. ^ Includes Matola.
  63. ^ Tampa–St. Petersburg urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Sarasota–Bradenton (560,000; 700 km2), Lakeland (200,000; 312 km2), Winter Haven (155,000; 270 km2) and Brooksville (100,000; 217 km2).
  64. ^ Denver–Aurora urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Fort Collins (205,000; 216 km2) and Boulder (110,000; 85 km2).
  65. ^ Excludes urban area of Luziânia–Gama (525,000; 259 km2).
  66. ^ Includes Shishi and Jinjiang within the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou.
  67. ^ West Midlands urban area. Excludes urban areas of Coventry (335,000; 76 km2), Telford (140,000; 42 km2) and Nuneaton (130,000; 33 km2).
  68. ^ Greater Manchester urban area. Excludes urban areas of Liverpool (815,000; 186 km2), Birkenhead (320,000; 89 km2), Preston (265,000; 61 km2), Blackpool (260,000; 66 km2), Wigan (165,000; 39 km2), Warrington (160,000; 44 km2), Burnley (150,000; 30 km2), Blackburn (135,000; 32 km2) and Southport (115,000; 31 km2).
  69. ^ Excludes urban areas of Ruian (910,000; 91 km2) and Cangnan (500,000; 31 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Wenzhou.
  70. ^ St. Louis urbanized area.
  71. ^ Excludes urban areas of Amsterdam (1,050,000; 414 km2), Haarlem (450,000; 142 km2) and Utrecht (400,000; 109 km2) which constitute the Randstad metropolitan region.
  72. ^ Vancouver urban area. Excludes urban area of Abbotsford (140,000; 155 km2).
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