Jump to content

Thrissur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 59.93.34.206 (talk) at 13:18, 30 October 2010 (→‎Geography: Added a direction box). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Thrissur
Thrissur
Trichur (Anglicised Name)
Thrisivaperoor(Old Name)
City
Nickname: 
Cultural Capital of Kerala
Population
 (2001)
 • Total317,474
Websitewww.corporationofthrissur.org
For the district with the same name, see Thrissur district.

Thrissur pronunciationⓘ (Malayalam: തൃശൂര്‍) previously known as Trichur, is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the headquarters of the Thrissur District.[1] Thrissur city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkadu Maidan which seats the Vadakkumnathan temple. By population, Thrissur is the 5th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode and Kollam.[2] The nearest international airport is Cochin International Airport, Nedumbassery.

Thrissur is known as the 'Cultural Capital of Kerala' because its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings towards history.[3] It houses the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy.[4] The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.[5][6] The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May.[3] Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, Vadakkumnathan temple and Paramekkavu temple, as well as two famous churches, the Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral and the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours.[7] Thrissur is also the venue of Pulikali during Onam celebrations in August or September.

The city derives its historical importance from when Christianity, Islam and Judaism entered in to the Indian subcontinent. Thomas the Apostle set foot here 2,000 years ago. (A.D. 51-52)[8][9] The country’s first mosque, Cheraman Juma Masjid, opened in A.D. 629.[10][11][11][12][13][14] It has opened the gates for Arabs, Romans, Portuguese, Dutch and English.

The city is an incubator for every Malayali entrepreneur,[15] and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala.[16] It flexes its economic muscle in India as the headquarters of three major scheduled banks, South Indian Bank Ltd, Catholic Syrian Bank and Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd and a clutch of Chit funds.[17] The city is also a big centre for shopping in Kerala for silks and gold jewelry. Thrissur ranks first in the number of domestic tourists in Kerala.[18]

Apart from being the cultural nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the Kerala Kalamandalam, Kerala Police Academy, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala University of Medical and Allied Sciences and Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA).[19][20][21]

Etymology

The name Thrissur is derived from 'Thiru-Shiva-Perur', which literally translates to "The City with the name of the Lord Siva". Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" and then "Kailasam" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days. Another interpretation is 'Tri-shiva-peroor' or the big land with 3 Shiva temples, which refers to the 3 places where Lord Shiva resides - namely Vadakkumnathan Temple , Poonkunnam Shiva Temple and Peruvanam Siva Temple.

Geography

Neighbouring cities & towns

Thrissur is situated in 10º 10' and 10º 46' North latitude and 75º 55' and 77º 05' East longitude. The city is located 75 km north of Kochi, 133 km west of Coimbatore and 144 km south of Kozhikode.[22] Thrissur Municipal Corporation has a population of 317,474 (2001) spread over an area of 101.42 km2. Thrissur city alone accounts for 38% of the urban population in the Thrissur district. Thrissur Development Authority area encompasses the Municipal Corporation area and adjoining gram (village) Panchayats. The total area under Municipal Corporation jurisdiction is 101.42 km2, and the area under the Panchayats is 18.83 km2 Together, these constitute an area covering 120.25 km2. According to the 2001 Census, the total population in the TDA is 344,933 i.e., 317,474 persons in the Municipal Corporation area and 27,459 persons in the Panchayat area.[23] Thrissur city alone accounts for 38% of the urban population in the Thrissur District.[23]

Climate

Thrissur city enjoys a tropical climate. Since the region lies in the south western coastal state of Kerala, the climate is tropical, with only minor differences in temperatures between day and night, as well as over the year. Summer lasts from March to May, and is followed by the southwest monsoon season from June to September. October and November form the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is slightly cooler, and windy, due to winds from the Western Ghats.[24]

The city is drained in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is 2500 mm. The southwest monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On an average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 35 degree Celsius while the minimum temperature recorded is 22.5 degrees Celsius. The winter season records a maximum average of 32.3 degree Celsius and a minimum average of 20 degree Celsius.[24]

Economy

File:Vadakumnathan Temple Gate.jpg
One of the four Vadakumnathan Temple Gates, inside the Swaraj Maidan.
Main article: Economy of Thrissur

Thrissur is home to many leading Malayali entrepreneurs,[15] and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala.[16] Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran had invited several Syrian-Christian families and Brahmins to settle in Thrissur city from their business centers in adjoining areas. Soon, Thrissur city became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala. Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centers of plain gold and rolled gold jewelry in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur, which accounts for 7% of the net gold production in India (according to the World Gold Council, Kerala sells approximately 70 tonnes of gold the total annual sale of gold in Kerala for all purposes is around 70 tonnes while in the Indian market it is around 700 tonnes). Thrissur, the traditional gold jewellery hub for decades have thousands of swanky small, medium and big showrooms in the nook and corner of the city.[3]

Thrissur is also the headquarters of three major scheduled banks, South Indian Bank Ltd, Catholic Syrian Bank and Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd. According to Reserve Bank of India, Thrissur in the 1930s boasted of head offices of 58 banks and was recognised by RBI as 'Banking town. Prior to 1975, leading Thrissur headquarted scheduled banks like Catholic Syrian Bank Limited, South Indian Bank, Dhanalakshmi Bank and erstwhile Kodungalloor-based Lord Krishna Bank conducted chit fund for subscribers. According to All Kerala Kuri Foreman's Association, Kerala have around 5,000 chit companies, with Thrissur district accounting for the maximum of 3,000. These chit companies provide employment to about 35,000 persons directly and an equal number indirectly.[17]

Lulu Convention Centre, largest convention centre in Kerala and the second largest in India is situated in Thrissur.[25] The 5,000-seat convention centre was built by EMKE Group of Industries.[25] Thrissur, is also emerging as the largest hub for Ayurvedic drug manufacturing industry in the country. Out of the 850 odd ayurvedic drug-manufacturing units in Kerala, about 150 units, including some of the major ayurvedic drug manufacturers in the state are located in and around the Thrissur. Of these, some of the companies like the Oushadhi, Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala, Sitaram, Kandamkulathi, SNA Oushadhasala, EPM etc. are among the leading ayurvedic drug manufacturers in the state. Oushadhi, Kerala government's Ayurvedic drug manufacturing company is also located in Thrissur.[26]

Infopark Thrissur, a new 42-acre (17 ha) campus in Koratty, links Thrissur to the information technology highway that has given it a miss until recently. InfoPark will form a part of the planned hub and spoke model of development with Info Park in Kochi acting as the hub. Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur. Domestic tourists generally use Thrissur as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala. Thrissur with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala.[18]

Civic administration

Image of main entrance of Vadakkunnathan Temple seen from Swaraj Round from Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway

Thrissur functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations. The municipality had 12.64 sqkm area.[27][28] Prior to the constitution of the municipality, there was a Sanitary Board functioning in 1910 under a Sergeant and the Town Council after 1911.[29] In 1932, the new corporation building was constructed and in 1972, new areas from other Panchayats were added to the municipality. In 1992, the Government of Kerala and Thrissur municipality approved the new master plan for the new corporation.[30]In October 1, 2000, the Municipal town was upgraded to the level of a Municipal Corporation with the Panchayats of Ayyanthole, Koorkkenchery, Nadathara, Vilvattom (part), Ollur and Ollukkara. The Corporation comprises three legislative assemblies (Thrissur, Ollur, Cherpu).[31]

The city is administered by the Thrissur Municipal Corporation, headed by a mayor. Thrissur Municipal Corporation is the second-largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India. The city is the only local body and city in Kerala which directly controls power, water supply and solid waste management system in the Thrissur city. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 52 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. The Corporation has its headquarters in Thrissur. The corporation is also responsible for waste disposal and sewage management.[32][33]

The first Master Plan for Thrissur city was sanctioned by the Government in October 1972 with a plan period of 20 years in accordance with the Town Planning Act. It was expected that the town would accommodate a population of 175,000 in 1991.[34] The sanctioned Development Plan (1972) for Thrissur envisaged a growth pattern integrating rural areas and the urban center of Thrissur so as to provide the rural areas with employment opportunities and social amenities. The Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) and Thrissur Development Authority (TDA) are the agencies that prepare the plan.[34]

Thrissur city is the headquarters of Thrissur District Police. It is headed by a Superintendent of Police, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. He have the administrative jurisdiction over the entire Police District of Thrissur.[35] It comprises the traffic police, Narcotics Cell, Armed Reserve Camps, District Crime Records Bureau, Senior citizen's Cell, and a Women's Cell.[35] Thrissur is also the headquarters of Inspector General of Police, Thrissur Range, which looks after the law and order of Thrissur District, Palakkad District and Malappuram district. All the Superintendent of Police of these three districts come under his jurisdiction. Thrissur city also houses the Viyyoor Central Jail.

Politics

Main article: Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency)

Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India. Even as early as 1919 a committee of the Indian National Congress (INC) was functioning in Thrissur. During the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1921, several people from the Thrissur city took active part and courted arrest. Thrissur Assembly constituency is part of Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency). The current MP is PC Chacko. Therambil Ramakrishnan is the representative of Thrissur constituency in the Kerala State Assembly.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Thrissur
Thrissur Railway Station is one of the busiest railway stations in Southern India

Thrissur city is largely dependent on private buses, Taxis and auto rickshaws (called autos) for public transport. State-owned Kerala State Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city service. Thrissur has 3 bus stations, the Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur in Sakthan Thampuran Nagar (S.T.Nagar); the Vadakke Stand (Northern Bus Stand) and the KSRTC Bus Station near the Thrissur Railway Station.

Thrissur city lies on National Highway 47 and National Highway 17. These highways traverse through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and gain access to nearby cities and towns like Kochi, Kozhikode, Coimbatore and Palakkad. It has also many artery roads which connect to other parts of Thrissur District like Chalakudy, Chavakkad, Irinjalakuda, Kodungallur, Mala, Wadakkanchery and Guruvayur.

Thrissur Railway Station connects Thrissur to the railway map of India. This station is considered the gateway to Kerala, providing trains in 3 directions. It lies on the busy Shoranur-Cochin Harbour section. Thrissur city has a satellite station at Poonkunnam and two minor stations at Ollur and Mulankunnathukavu. Suburban rail services from Thrissur to other neighbouring districts are on the cards. This will provide fast connectivity to Kochi, Kottayam and Alappuzha districts. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation had carried out a study on the feasibility of operating an inter-district suburban-rail service. The report said that suburban services were possible in the Guruvayoor-Thrissur-Kochi; Alappuzha-Kochi; and Kottayam-Kochi sectors. Suburban trains would also see bus commuters shift to it, as the fares will be much lower.

Thrissur city is close to three airports, the Cochin International Airport, which is 55 kilometres away; Calicut International Airport at Karipur, near Calicut (Kozhikkode), 80 km from the city and Coimbatore Airport, which is 114 km from the city.[36] Thrissur has a helipad at Lulu Convention Centre as per international aviation standards which is used by VVIPs.[37]

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[38] Thrissur city had a population of 317,474. Males constitute 48.6% and females constitute 51.4% of the total population. The density of population is 3,130/km2. The sex ratio is 1,092/1,000 male. The total number of the households in the city is 66,827. The average family size in Thrissur city is 4.27 members. Provisional results from Census 2001 indicate that Thrissur city has a slum population equivalent to 0.50% of the total city population and 0.37% of the State’s slum population. Thrissur city has an average literacy rate of 86.5%: male literacy rate is 87% whereas female literacy rate is 86%.

Culture and literature

Main article: Culture of Thrissur
Asia's highest church, the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours is situated in the middle of Thrissur city

Thrissur, often hailed as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, is built around a hillock crowned by the famous Vadakkunnathan temple, believed to have been founded by the legendary saint Parasurama. This Shiva temple is a classic example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and with beautiful murals delineating graphically, various episodes from the Mahabharata. The shrines and the Koothambalam display exquisite vignettes carved in wood. The sprawling Thekkinkadu maidan, encircling the Vadakumnathan temple, is the main venue of the Thrissur Pooram. Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple is situated in Thrissur and is one of the largest Sree Krishna temples in Kerala. Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple which is one of the largest Bagavathi temples in Kerala is one of the two rival groups participating in Thrissur Pooram festival.

Asia's highest church, the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours (Puthan Pally), Our Lady of Lourdes's Metropolitan Cathedral of Syrian Catholics is noted for its imposing interior. Its main attraction is an underground shrine which is a masterpiece of architectural design. The Sacred Heart Latin Church of Latin Catholics and the Mart Mariam Big Church, Indian headquarters of Assyrian Church of the East, are also situated at Thrissur. The district also houses the headquarters of the Malabar Independent Syrian Church in Thozhiyoor.

The ancient port of Muziris or Kodungaloor is the cradle of Christianity and Islam in India. This is where St. Thomas arrived in India. Later he established the first church in India at Palayur. Kodungaloor houses the first Muslim mosque of the country built by Cheraman Perumaal, a Hindu king who accepted Islam. It is believed that Adi Shankara spent his last days here.

Vellayappams from Thrissur

The major cultural attraction is the Thrissur Pooram festival, celebrated during April and May. The Elephant - Umbrella Display competition is spectacular, as richly caparisoned elephants carrying ceremonial umbrellas take the deity around the main temple. The passionate drum concerts and the spectacular firework displays are all part of the Pooram celebration. Another attraction of this city is the "Puli Kali" ("Puli" means 'tiger' and "Kali" means 'play') on the fourth day of Onam celebrations (Nalaam Onam). It is a procession of different clubs from all over the city. Participants with tiger-striped body paint captivate the onlookers with their energetic dances. The festival attracts thousands to the city. Thrissur is widely acclaimed as the land of elephant lovers.

Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Thrissur and Kerala Lalithakala Akademi are headquartered at Thrissur. Kerala Sahitya Akademi was established to promote the growth of Malayalam language and literature. Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi promotes dance, music, drama and folk arts of Kerala. Kerala Lalitakala Akademi was established to promote fine arts and artistic heritage. For the last few years, the city has been hosting the Thrissur International Film Festival. Around 100 films from 35 countries are shown. It is the second largest film festival in Kerala; the largest is in Thiruvananthapuram.

Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy

Thrissur can easily be called the cradle of Indian Communism. Famous thinkers such as Joseph Mundassery, C. Achuthamenon and many others were from this city. Current Books and House of Knowledge were two prominent bookstores in the 1950s to 80s of Thrissur history. A land of famous writers, artists, musicians and journalists as well, Thrissur boasts of having benefited from the best of men and women. All belonging to Thrissur, Ouseppachan, Johnson, Mohan Sitara, Alphonse are well-known film musicians and Bharathan, Kamal, Lohithadas, Lal Jose, Sathyan Anthikkad, Bharath Premji are noted film directors. .

Thrissur is also the birth place of Kerala's Indian Coffee House movement. The first ICH of the state was opened in Thrissur in 1959 with Advocate T.K. Krishnan and Nadakkal Parameswaran Pillai as founders. The laid-back business culture of Thrissur is well known amongst the rest of Kerala. Known for their quick-witted repartee and accents, the Thrissurians still maintain a daily working schedule of 10 am - 7 pm. Thekkinkadu Maidan is full of card players and evening political debates take place here every day.

Education

Main article: Education in Thrissur
The main entrance of Government Engineering College, Thrissur

Thrissur has traditionally been a centre of learning. With the decline of Buddhism and Jainism due to the growing supremacy of Brahminism during the revival of Hinduism, Thrissur became an important centre of Sanskrit learning. Thrissur has many educational institutions, known all across Kerala for the quality of education they impart. Thrissur has a reputation for being student friendly.[39] With the Kerala Agricultural University, four medical colleges, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala University of Medical and Allied Sciences, Government Engineering College, Thrissur & many other engineering colleges, an ayurveda college, a veterinary college, business schools, law college, fine arts college, well-known arts and science colleges, good residential schools, Thrissur is a considered as a scholar's city.[39]

Thrissur has emerged as the prime centre in South India for students seeking entry into the professional courses.[39][40]P. C. Thomas the 'guru' in the field of entrance coaching in Kerala, through his coaching class, P.C. Thomas Entrance Coaching Centre, give jobs to thousands of people in Thrissur.[40] As many as 17,000 students, mostly from parts of Kerala and some from outside, are undergoing coaching at the P.C. Thomas Centre and the presence of such a huge number of migrant students has almost reshaped the economic structure of Thrissur and brought good times to traders, hotels and transport and entertainment industries.[40] Thomas single-handedly runs and has been running for years the largest coaching center for the engineering and medical entrance exams in Kerala.

Healthcare

Main article: Hospitals in Thrissur
Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute. Thrissur serve as healthcare capital for Central Kerala

Thrissur serves as a capital city for healthcare in the Central Kerala. This portion covers three districts of Thrissur, Palakkad and Malappuram. Most of the people in these three districts come to Thrissur city for their medical care. With three medical colleges, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, and another dozen of hi-tech hospitals, it has a lot to offer to the healthcare system of Central Kerala.

Thrissur has many century old tradition in Ayurvedic treatment. From the Ashtavaidya tradition, Thaikkattu Mooss Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala, SNA Oushadhasala, Vaidyamadhaom Vaidyasala etc. are located in Thrissur,[26] and Amala Ayurvedic Hospital & Research Centre. All these firms have been instrumental in spreading the fame of Kerala Ayurveda, especially in the treatment side as thousands of overseas patients visit the Ayurvedic treatment facilities in and around Thrissur, every year. Vaidyaratnam runs a medical college and chikitsalayam, with global standards. So Sitaram and SNA Oushadhasala. Sitaram have a 100 bedded eight storied super specialty hospital in the Thrissur, envisaged as the first of its kind Ayurveda super specialty hospital in the country. SNA Oushadhasala is also planning a 100-bedded modern Ayurvedic hospital with modern cottages near the present SNA Nursing Home. Besides, SNA is also planning to set up a modernized exclusive Ayurvedic manuscript library.[26]

  • Malayalam actor Mohanlal in the film Thoovanathumbikal has done a Thrissur-born character (Jayakrishnan) by speaking with an excellent Thrissur accent. The film was shot in Thrissur city. The character played by Mohanlal was based on a citizen of Thrissur, Karakkath Unni Menon, and his friends like Vijayan Karot.[41]
  • In Sarah Joseph's novel, Othappu, the story is told in Thrissur city, where Sister Margalitha and priest Karikkan becomes social outcasts after both leave their profession.[42]
  • Malayalam actor Mammootty plays the role of Thrissur-based rice vendor merchant in Pranchiyettan and The Saint. The film is based on Thrissur's rice market, Rice Bazzar.[43][44]

Sports

Football is the most popular sport in Thrissur city. Thrissur has a floodlit stadium, known as Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium.[45] There are three more stadiums (Thope, Kerala Varma College and Agricultural University). It also has two indoor stadiums (V.K.N.Menon Indoor Stadium & Thope Stadium) and a Sports Authority of India (SAI) maintained swimming pool with international facilities. The veteran footballers and former Indian captains C. V. Pappachan, I. M. Vijayan and Jo Paul Ancheri hail from this city. Thrissur has contributed many national and international bodybuilding stars to India, such as TV Poly and VM Basheer.[45]

Media

The first newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920. Then came Deenabandhu edited bt V K Krishnan Ezhuthachan started publishing as a weekly in 1941 from Thrissur. It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement. As soon as the Quit India movement was started, its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications was banned.[46] The third newspaper in Thrissur was launched by Joseph Mundassery as its editor. The paper did not survive for long. The Express started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is very popular in Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views.[46] Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Madhyamam, Deshabhimani, Deepika and Kerala Kaumudi. A number of evening papers,(for example, General), are also published from the city. Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also available.

The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur by KW Joseph in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established (in Thrissur again) by Jose Kattukkaran and was called the "Jose Electrical Bioscope".[47] Jose Theater, the first theatre in Kerala equipped with a movie projector, is in this city. Ragam, Ramdas, Girija, Kairali, Sree, Jose, Swapna and Bindhu are the theatres which show Malayalam, Tamil, English and Hindi movies in the city.

A film festival, known as ViBGYOR Film Festival, is held in the city every year. It is an international short and documentary film festival. Telephony services are provided by various players like Aircel, Airtel, Idea cellular, Vodafone, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Docomo, MTS, Uninor, Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL. BSNL is also offering 3G services in Thrissur which will enhance services such as multimedia, high speed mobile broadband, Internet access with the ability to view video footage on mobile handsets.[48] The city also have Broadband wireless services on WiMAX platform.[49][50] Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are Club FM 104.8 by (Mathrubhumi Co Ltd), Radio Mango 91.9 by (Malayala Manorama Co Ltd), BEST FM 95 by (Asianet Communications Limited), Red FM 91.1 by (Sun TV Network), Radio Mirchi 98.3 by The Times Group and Big FM 92.7 by Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. The transmitter of the All India Radio (630 kHz) was commissioned on November 4, 1956. The station started independent broadcasting in 1974.[51][52]Thrissur have a Doordarshan studio, the second one after Thiruvananthapuram. A low power transmitter of Doordarshan is also located near the studio.[53][54][55]

Notes

  1. ^ "Districts Profile". Thrissur District. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  2. ^ "Principal Cities". City Population. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  3. ^ a b c "Thrissur". Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  4. ^ "Literary and cultural societies". Kerala Government. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  5. ^ "Thrissur Pooram". Kerala Government. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  6. ^ "Tourism". Thrissur Corporation. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  7. ^ "Pilgrimage". Thrissur Corporation. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  8. ^ T.K. Joseph (1955). Six St. Thomases Of South India. University of California. p. 27.
  9. ^ "Nasrani Syrian Christians". Kuzhippallil.com. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
  10. ^ "Catholic Syrian: God's Own Bank". Forbes India. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  11. ^ a b "World's second oldest mosque is in India". Bahrain tribune. Retrieved 2006-08-09.
  12. ^ Cheraman Juma Masjid A Secular Heritage
  13. ^ "Hindu patron of Muslim heritage site". iosworld.org. Retrieved 2006-08-09.
  14. ^ "Kalam to visit oldest mosque in sub-continent". The Hindu. Retrieved 2006-08-09.
  15. ^ a b "South Indian Bank sees sunshine in slowdown". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  16. ^ a b "Banking/Finance". ((The Economic Times)). Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  17. ^ a b "Chit fund cos on the rise in Kerala". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  18. ^ a b "Tourist statistics" (PDF). Kerala Tourism. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  19. ^ "History". Kerala Agricultural University. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
  20. ^ "About Us". Kerala Institute of Local Administration. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
  21. ^ "Educational Institutions". Thrissur Corporation. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  22. ^ "Geography and Climate" (PDF). ADB. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
  23. ^ a b "Climate". Kerala Government. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  24. ^ a b "MICE Tourism". kerelam.com. Kerala Greenery. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  25. ^ a b c "Thrissur - The nerve-centre of Ayurveda". Pharma biz. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  26. ^ "Thrissur City Corporation turns 100". Malayala Manorama. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  27. ^ "Organization Structure of the Municipal Corporation". ADB. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  28. ^ "History". Thrissur Corporation. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  29. ^ "Thrissur City Corporation turns 100". Malayala Manorama. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  30. ^ "DEMOGRAPHIC & AREA PARTICULARS OF URBAN LOCAL BODIES". Thrissur District. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  31. ^ "Thrissur Corporation". Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  32. ^ "Thrissur City Corporation turns 100". Malayala Manorama. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  33. ^ a b "Urban Planning and Land Use Management" (PDF). ADB. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  34. ^ a b "Thrissur District Police" (PDF). Kerala Police. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
  35. ^ "Distance Chart from Thrissur". Maps of India. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  36. ^ "Photo Gallery". Lulu Convention Centre. Retrieved 2010-06-04.[dead link]
  37. ^ Template:GR
  38. ^ a b c "Educational Institutions". Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  39. ^ a b c "Entrance coaching — a success story". The Hindu. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  40. ^ "Thoovanathumbikal (". The Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  41. ^ "http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no61488.htm". Vedamsbooka. Retrieved 2010-04-04. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  42. ^ "Merchant of Thrissur". The Hindu. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  43. ^ "Priyamani Joins sets of ' Pranchiyettan And The Saint'". Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  44. ^ a b "Sports". Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  45. ^ a b "Media and political scenarios in Kerala" (PDF). Vidyanidhi.org. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  46. ^ "Cinema". Malayala Cinema.com. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  47. ^ "BSNL 3G services in Thrissur". The Hindu. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  48. ^ "WiMax in Thrissur". Manoramaonline. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  49. ^ "BSNL launches WiMAX Services". BSNL. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  50. ^ Address of AIR Station, Thrissur [1] (Retrieved on 08 January 2009)
  51. ^ In euphonious harmony, The Hindu dated 03 February 2006)
  52. ^ List of Doordarshan Studios
  53. ^ "AIR Offices". Prasar Bharati. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  54. ^ "Doordarshan Kendra's". Prasar Bharati. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thrissur.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thrissur&oldid=393784837"