National dish: Difference between revisions
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*{{flag|Algeria}} - [[Couscous]] |
*{{flag|Algeria}} - [[Couscous]] |
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*{{flag|Andorra}} - [[Escudella]]<ref>http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Andorra.html</ref> |
*{{flag|Andorra}} - [[Escudella]]<ref>http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Andorra.html</ref> |
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*{{flag|Angola}} - [[Muamba de Galinha]] |
*{{flag|Angola}} - [[Mwambe | Muamba de Galinha]] |
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*{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} - [[Fungee & Pepperpot]] |
*{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} - [[Fungee & Pepperpot]] |
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*{{flag|Argentina}} - [[Asado]], [[Empanada]], [[Milanesa]], [[dulce de leche]], [[locro]]. |
*{{flag|Argentina}} - [[Asado]], [[Empanada]], [[Milanesa]], [[dulce de leche]], [[locro]]. |
Revision as of 00:52, 2 December 2009
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2007) |
A national dish is a dish, food or a drink that represents a particular country, nation or region. It is usually something that is naturally made or popular in that country.
Overview
The concept is highly informal, and in some cases the relationship between a given territory or people and certain typical foods may seem vague. Typical dishes can vary from region to region, and the use of the term "national dish" does not always imply the existence of present borders or a "nation" in today’s legal sense or borders; e.g. rösti is the national dish in German-speaking Switzerland and fondue is in French-speaking Switzerland, although the political integrity of the Swiss state is undisputed.
Similarly, countries can share a national dish, because they share a common history and/or language, e.g. traditional food in Austria, the German state of Bavaria, Hungary and the Czech Republic is similar. In several Slavic cuisines in Central and East European countries bigos, borscht, and pierogi are popular and generally associated with one or more of them. Beverages can also be assigned the status of a national "dish", such as beer in Germany, Belgium or the Czech Republic, wine in France, Italy, Portugal or Spain, vodka in Poland, Finland, Russia or flavoured vodka, Akvavit in Sweden. In Poland beer is also popular as a social beverage choice.
National dishes also function as stereotypes. These can be either autostereotypes, describing a nation's self-image, or heterostereotypes associated with a nation in the outside world, or both. While most "national dish" stereotypes are positive to neutral, they can also acquire the status of ethnic slurs.
The French are said to have a particular taste for frog legs. The epithet may refer to the supposed origin of the fleur-de-lys in French heraldry as modified from toads; or to the inaccurate French origins in Frisia, where lily pads are a national symbol.
In some cases, supposed national dishes are similar to urban legends, especially when relating to countries that are exotic from the perspective of another country; for example, the popularity of fried spiders in Cambodia and dogs in Korea is largely overestimated in the West. Urban legend-like national dishes can also turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy, as demonstrated by the example of the Scottish deep-fried Mars bar, which is believed to have become at least moderately popular after English media circulated the story of its existence.
Some national dishes in alphabetical order by country:
Country-Dish/Food
A-C
- Afghanistan - Qabili palau
- Albania - Tavë kosi, Byrek Shqipëtar me perime[1]
- Algeria - Couscous
- Andorra - Escudella[2]
- Angola - Muamba de Galinha
- Antigua and Barbuda - Fungee & Pepperpot
- Argentina - Asado, Empanada, Milanesa, dulce de leche, locro.
- Armenia - Harissa, Lavash
- Australia - Meat pie, vegemite on toast
- Austria - Tafelspitz[3], Sachertorte, Wiener Schnitzel (Vienna), Apfelstrudel
- Azerbaijan - Yarpag dolmasi, Plov
- Bahamas - Crack Conch with Peas and Rice[4]
- Bahrain - Muhammar
- Bangladesh - Fish and Rice, Biryani
- Barbados - Cou-Cou and Flying fish
- Belarus - Latkes
- Belgium - Pommes frites, Moules Bruxellois (Brussels)
- Belize - Belizean rice and beans with fish stew
- Benin - Kuli-Kuli[5]
- Bhutan - Ema datsi
- Bolivia - Salteñas
- Bosnia and Herzegovina - Burek, Cevapi, Bosanski Lonac
- Botswana - Seswaai
- Brazil - Feijoada, rice and beans, churrasco, brigadeiro
- British Virgin Islands - Fish and fungee
- Brunei - Ambuyat
- Bulgaria - Sarma, Shopska salad, Karvarma
- Burkina Faso - Riz Gras
- Burundi - Mealie-Meal Porridge
- Cambodia - Amok trey, Samlor kako[6]
- Cameroon - Kondre, Ndolé[7]
- Canada - Poutine - (Province of Quebec), Pancakes with maple syrup, Beaver tail (pastry), Butter Tarts, Nanaimo Bar, Kraft Dinner, Salt cod - (Province of Newfoundland and Labrador), Pemmican
- Cape Verde - Cachupa
- Central African Republic - Cassava
- Chad - Peanut and squash stew
- Chile - Asado, cazuela, empanadas, Pastel de choclo, porotos granados
- China - The staple diets in Northern China are: mantou, bing (Chinese flatbread) and wheat noodles; as for the South: rice, rice noodles and rice congee.
- By Municipality, Province or Region:
- Beijing - Peking duck, hot pot
- Fujian - Fotiaoqiang, popiah
- Guangdong - Dim sum, slow cooked soup, siu mei, century egg
- Shanghai - Xiaolongbao, shengjian mantou, red-cooked stews, Shanghai hairy crab
- Sichuan - Mapo doufu, Kung Pao chicken, Twice Cooked Pork, málà hotpot
- Tibet - Momo
- Hong Kong - egg tart, dim sum, roast goose, wonton noodle soup [2], pineapple bun [3]
- Macau - Galinha à Portuguesa, baked pork chop bun, Portuguese-style egg-tart, almond biscuit
- By Municipality, Province or Region:
- Colombia - Bandeja paisa, sancocho
- By Department:
- Santander - Hormigas Culonas (Atta laevigata)
- Cundinamarca - Ajiaco
- By Department:
- Democratic Republic of the Congo - Mwambe (Moambe)
- Republic of the Congo - Moambe, Yassa
- Costa Rica - Gallo Pinto, Casado
- Côte d'Ivoire - Maquis
- Croatia - Sir, brudet (in Dalmatia), sarma, turkey with mlinci (in Continental Crotia)
- Cuba - Platillo Moros y Cristianos, Ajiaco
- Cyprus - Souvla, Halloumi, Sheftalia, Fasolada
- Czech Republic - Vepřo–knedlo–zelo
D-G
- Denmark – Pork Roast, Frikadeller, Smørrebrød, Pølser
- Djibouti - Skoudehkaris
- Dominica - Mountain chicken
- Dominican Republic - White rice topped with stewed red kidney beans, pan fried or braised beef, and side dish of green salad and/or tostones. The ensemble is usually called bandera nacional, which means "national flag", a term equivalent to the Venezuelan pabellón criollo.
- Ecuador - Encebollado, Ceviche
- Egypt - Kushari, Ful medames, Mulukhiyya
- El Salvador - Pupusa
- Equatorial Guinea - Succotash
- Eritrea - Zigini
- Estonia - Verivorst
- Ethiopia – doro wat (chicken stew), injera
- Fiji – Lovo, Yaqona
- Finland - hernekeitto (Finnish green pea soup), poronkäristys (sauteed reindeer), Karelian hot pot
- France - Baguette (particularly Paris), cheese, crepes (particularly Brittany), pot-au-feu, foie gras (declared part of the French cultural heritage by legislation in 2005)[8]
- Gabon - Nyembwe
- Gambia - Domoda
- Georgia - khinkali, khachapuri, Satsivi, Mtsvadi
- Germany - Wurst (incl. Bratwurst), Sauerkraut, Sauerbraten, potato salad, Spätzle, Knödel, Dampfnudel, (German) Prezel, Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte, Maultaschen, Currywurst, Döner kebab.
- Ghana - Fufu
- Gibraltar - Calentita
- Greece - fasolada, feta cheese, moussaka, saganaki
- Grenada - Oil-Down
- Guatemala - Tamal, chuchitos
- Guinea - Poulet Yassa
- Guinea-Bissau - Jollof Rice
- Guyana - Cookup rice, Guyana Pepperpot
H-M
- Haiti - Griot (Fried pork) served with Du riz a pois or Diri ak Pwa (Rice and beans)
- Honduras - Plato Típico
- Hungary – Goulash. Paprikash and Tokaji
- Iceland - Þorramatur (including hákarl)
- India - See Cuisine of India
- Indonesia - Nasi goreng, nasi campur, nasi kuning, sate, soto, gulai, sambal, bakso, rujak and gado gado
- By Ethnicity or Region:
- Bali - Babi guling, sate lilit, betutu, nasi bali
- Java - Lotek, nasi pecel, nasi rames, tempeh, tumpeng, sayur lodeh
- Palembang - Pempek, tekwan
- West Sumatra - Rendang
- North Sumatra (Batak region) - Arsik, saksang
- Makassar, South Sulawesi - konro, coto Makassar
- North Sulawesi - Rica-rica, Paniki, tinutuan (bubur manado)
- Maluku and Papua - pepeda
- By Ethnicity or Region:
- Iran - Chelow kabab, Nan-e kabab
- Iraq - Masgouf
- Ireland – Irish Stew, soda bread
- By region
- Co. Galway - Stout and raw oysters;
- Co. Cork - Smoked Salmon on pumpernickel bread
- Co. Dublin - Dublin Bay Prawns
- Dublin City - Dublin Coddle
- By region
- Isle of Man - kipper
- Israel - falafel,[9][10][11] Israeli salad
- Italy - pasta, pizza, minestrone, ciabatta, polenta (northern Italy)
- By Region
- Campania - pizza alla napoletana (Naples)
- Emilia-Romagna - tortellini, ragù, mortadella, lasagne, Parmigiano Reggiano
- Piedmont - agnolotti, grissini, Gianduiotto
- Lazio - porchetta, Stracciatella, Gnocchi di semolino alla romana
- Lombardy - risotto alla milanese (Milan), panettone, ossobuco alla milanese
- Sardinia - Sa fregula (couscous), pane carasau
- Sicily - arancini, caponata, ricotta
- Tuscany - bistecca alla fiorentina (Florence), ribollita
- Veneto - scampi, risi e bisi
- By Region
- Jamaica - ackee and saltfish,
- Japan - sushi, sashimi, Japanese curry
- By Prefecture
- Fukuoka Prefecture - Hakata Ramen (pork-based broth);
- Toyama Prefecture - Masuzushi (salmon pressed on rice cake);
- Aichi Prefecture - Miso no komi (Udon in miso fish broth);
- By Prefecture
- Jersey – Jersey Royal potatoes
- Jordan - Mansaf
- Kazakhstan - Besh barmak
- Kenya - Ugali
- Korea - Kimchi, bulgogi
- Kuwait - Majboos
- Kyrgyzstan - laghman
- Laos - larb with sticky rice
- Latvia - Pīrags
- Lebanon - Kibbe
- Libya - Usban
- Lithuania - Cepelinai, Kugelis
- Malaysia - nasi lemak, roti canai, char kway teow
- By State
- Maldives - Garudhiya
- Malta - Torta-tal-Lampuki , Fenkata , Pastizzi
- Mauritius - octopus curry
- Mexico - pozole, tacos, mole poblano de guajolote, Chiles en Nogada, barbacoa, tamales, antojitos, sopa de tortilla, guacamole, chilaquiles
- Moldova - Mămăligă
- Mongolia - buuz
- Morocco - Couscous, Pastilla, Harira, Tajine
- Myanmar - mohinga, lahpet
N-T
- Nepal - dhido, gundruk, sisnu
- New Zealand – pavlova, hāngi
- Netherlands - stamppot, hutspot
- New Caledonia - Bougna
- Nicaragua - Gallopinto
- Nigeria - Jolof rice
- Norway – lutefisk, fårikål
- Oman – khawa, maqbous, shuwa, mashuai, laban, rukhal
- Pakistan - Biryani
- Panama - Sancocho
- Palestinian territories - Musakhan
- Paraguay - Sopa paraguaya
- Peru - ceviche, quinoa
- Philippines - adobo, lechon, milkfish, lumpia, pancit, halo-halo, balut, bagoong, chicharon, leche flan
- Poland - bigos, barszcz, pierogi
- Portugal - Bacalhau, Feijoada, Cozido à Portuguesa, Pastel de Nata
- Puerto Rico - Arroz con gandules with pig roast, arroz con pollo, Mofongo
- Qatar - Harees
- Republic of Macedonia - Gravče na Tavče
- Romania - Mamaliga, Mititei, Cozonac, Fasole cu carnati
- By region:
- Moldavia – Grape-leaf Sarmale, Fermented wheat bran Borscht
- By region:
- Russia – Kasha, Shchi, Borscht, Pelmeni (Siberia)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis - Coconut dumplings, Spicy plantain, saltfish, breadfruit
- Saint Lucia - Green Bananas & Dried and salted cod
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Roasted Breadfruit & Fried Jackfish
- Saudi Arabia - Kabsa
- Senegal - Thieboudienne
- Serbia - Đuveč, Sarma, Ćevapčići, Pljeskavica
- Sierra Leone - Groundnut stew
- Singapore - Hainanese chicken rice, curry laksa, chilli crab
- Slovakia - Bryndzové halušky
- Slovenia - ajdovi žganci, potica, Matevž
- Somalia - halwo, canjeero
- South Africa - Bobotie
- Spain - Tortilla de patatas, paella, cocido, tapas
- Sri Lanka - Rice and curry
- Sudan - Shahan ful
- Sweden - Smörgåsbord, inlagd sill (pickled herring), Köttbullar (Swedish meatballs), Ärtsoppa med pannkakor (pea soup with pancakes)
- By region:
- Gotland - Saffranspannkaka (saffron pancake)
- Norrland - Surströmming (fermented Baltic Herring), Palt
- Småland - Ostkaka (swedish cheese cake)
- Västra götaland - Grynkorv, potatis och senapssås
- By region:
- Switzerland – rösti, fondue
- Syria - Tabbouleh
- Taiwan - Beef noodle soup, Stinky tofu, Ba wan
- Tajikistan - Qurutob, Oshi palov
- Tanzania - ugali
- Thailand - Pad Thai, steamed jasmine rice, gaeng (Thai curry), tom yam
- Trinidad and Tobago - Doubles, Roti
- Tunisia - Couscous
- Turkey - kebab, köfte, dolma, pilaf
U-Y
- Turkmenistan - Ishlekly, plov
- Ukraine - Salo,Borscht,pierogi
- United Arab Emirates - Shawarma
- United Kingdom - Roast beef (with or without Yorkshire Pudding), Chicken Tikka Masala, fish and chips
- Countries within the UK:
- United States - hamburger, hot dog, apple pie, donut, macaroni and cheese
- By region:
- By state: See List of U.S. state foods for more
- Alaska - Akutaq
- California - sourdough bread, Fish Tacos, San Francisco burrito, California-style pizza.
- Connecticut - apizza, shad, snickerdoodles, grinders.
- Delaware - Mid-Atlantic Crab, Hush Puppies.
- Florida - Key lime pie, Grouper
- Georgia (U.S. state) - Grits, peaches, peanut
- Hawaii - Plate lunch, Poi, Kalua pig
- Idaho - potatoes
- Illinois - Chicago-style Deep Dish Pizza, Italian Beef, Chicago Hot Dogs.
- Indiana - Fried Pork Tenderloin
- Iowa - Pork Chop, Sweet Corn, Corn-fed Beef
- Kansas - Barbecue
- Kentucky - Kentucky Fried Chicken, Burgoo, Hot_brown.
- Louisiana - Jambalaya, Gumbo, Crawfish, Po'boy.
- Maine - lobster, lobster roll, New England Clam Chowder.
- Maryland - Crab cakes
- Massachusetts - Fluffernutter, Baked beans, Toll house cookies, bulkies, New England boiled dinner
- Michigan - Coney Dog, Pasty, Cherries
- Minnesota - Hotdish, Lutefisk
- Missouri - Barbecue, Gooey butter cake, Provel cheese, Missouri wine (including Norton)
- Montana - Bison, Elk, Huckleberries
- New Hampshire - Maple Syrup
- New Jersey - Blueberry muffins, Pork roll, Ripper_(hot_dog)
- New Mexico - Bizcochito, Burritos
- New York
- New York City - New York-style pizza, Hot Dogs, Bagels, Manhattan Clam Chowder, Soft Pretzel, Kosher pickles, Knishes
- Long Island - Bluefish, Flounder, Clams, Iced Tea
- Syracuse - Hoffman hot dogs, Salt potatoes, Dinosaur BBQ
- Binghamton - Spiedie
- Buffalo - Buffalo wings, Beef on weck
- Rochester - Garbage Plate
- North Carolina - North Carolina barbecue
- Ohio - Cincinnati chili, goetta
- Oregon - Dungeness Crab, Salmon
- Pennsylvania - Scrapple, Sugar cookies
- Philadelphia - Philly cheesesteak, Apees cookies, Hoagie
- Pittsburgh - sandwiches topped with fries & cole slaw and/or a fried egg, pierogies
- Rhode Island - Jonnycakes, Coffee Cabinets, a.k.a. Coffee Milk, Doughboys, Clam Cakes, Pizza strips.
- South Carolina - Boiled peanuts, Grits
- South Dakota - Fry bread
- Tennessee - Memphis barbecue
- Texas - Chili con Carne
- Utah - Jello, Funeral potatoes
- Vermont - Corn chowder, Maple syrup
- Virginia - Smithfield ham, peanut soup invented at Hotel Roanoke, Brunswick stew.
- Washington - apples, Salmon, Coffee
- Wisconsin - Beer, bratwurst, frozen custard, fish fry, cheese curds
- United States Virgin Islands - kallalloo, fish and fungee
- Uruguay - chivito, asado
- Uzbekistan - Plov
- Venezuela - pabellón criollo, hallaca, arepas
- Vietnam - phở
- Yemen - saltah, aseedah, Zigni, and others depending on region
Drink
- Argentina – Mate
- Bangladesh - Cha (sweet milk tea)
- Bulgaria – rakiya
- Brazil - coffee, Caipirinha, Cachaça, caldo de cana, guaraná
- Canada- Canadian whisky, Canadian beer - AKA "A Two-Four" (24 beer), Caesar (cocktail), Newfoundland Screech, Ice Wine
- Chile – pisco, chicha, Chilean Wine
- China - Chinese tea
- Colombia - Tinto (coffee) - Aguadepanela - Aguardiente - Refajo
- Cuba - Mojito, Daiquiri, Cuba Libre
- Cyprus – zivania
- Czech Republic – beer - Becherovka
- Denmark – akvavit, bitters, lager beer
- Finland – coffee (bag variation, extremely acidic), vodka
- France – wine, champagne, cognac, armagnac
- Germany – beer, schnapps
- Greece – ouzo, Greek frappé
- Hungary - Tokaji, Unicum
- Iceland – brennivín
- India - Chai, Lassi
- Indonesia - Es cendol, Kolak, Bandrek, Teh botol, Tuak, STMJ
- Ireland – Irish Whiskey; Stout; Lager; Cider; Irish Breakfast tea.
- Israel - Sabra liqueur
- Italy – espresso, grappa, wine
- Jamaica - sorrel, ginger beer, rum.
- Japan – green tea, sake.
- Korea - soju, Korean tea
- Laos - Lao-Lao
- Malaysia - teh tarik
- Malta - Kinnie
- Mexico - tequila, chocolate, sotol, mezcal, pulque, apple soda
- Netherlands – jenever, advocaat
- Nicaragua - Macuá
- Norway - Akvavit
- Peru - pisco, Inca Kola
- Pakistan - Lassi, tea
- Philippines - kapeng barako, lambanog, salabat, tubá, bahalina
- Poland - vodka, Beer
- Portugal - wine, port wine, bica (longer espresso)
- Puerto Rico - Coquito, Piña colada
- Romania - tuica
- Russia – kvas, tea, vodka
- Serbia - Šljivovica
- Slovakia - Borovicka, Slivovica
- Singapore - Singapore Sling
- South Africa - rooibos tea
- Spain - sangria, sherry, wine
- Sri Lanka - Arack
- Sweden - coffee, Aqvavit, Glögg
- Taiwan - Bubble tea
- Turkey – rakı, Turkish coffee, apple tea
- United Kingdom
- By Country:
- England – beer (ale), tea, cider (in the West Country), Vimto, gin, mead
- Scotland – single malt whisky, Scotch whisky, Drambuie, Irn-Bru
- Northern Ireland - Suckie, Harp
- Wales - Barley wine
- Jersey and Guernsey – Channel Island milk
- By Country:
- United States of America – Coffee, Cola, bourbon, Beer, Super-sized soda
- By State/ Region
- Maine - Moxie
- Rhode Island - Coffee Milk
- Washington- Washington apple shot, Red Hook Beer,
- By City
- By State/ Region
- United States Virgin Islands - bush tea, maubi, sorrel
- Uruguay - Medio y Medio
- Venezuela - Papelón con limón, Chicha de arroz, Chicha andina
- Vietnam - Green tea (trà xanh or chè xanh)
References
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Andorra.html
- ^ Wienna cuisine
- ^ http://www.caribbeanamericanfoods.com/?page=island_dishes
- ^ http://www.culinaryartsblog.com/index.php/2006/03/17/national_dishes_of_the_world_b_1
- ^ http://www.culinaryartsblog.com/index.php/2006/03/22/national_dishes_of_the_world_c
- ^ Brady, Emily (2008-11-05). "The Years of Living Nervously". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=20988
- ^ The Ethnic Food Lover's Companion by Eve Zibart (ISBN 978-0897323727), page 181
- ^ Israel Handbook: The Travel Guide by David Winter (ISBN 978-1900949484), page 52
- ^ From Tapas to Meze: Small Plates from the Mediterranean by Joanne Weir (ISBN 978-1580085861), page 187