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Google Closure Tools

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Not to be confused with Clojure.
Google Closure Tools
Original author(s)Google
Initial releaseNovember 5, 2009[1]
Repository
Available inJavaScript
TypeAjax framework
LicenseApache License 2.0
Websitedevelopers.google.com/closure/

Google Closure Tools[2] is a set of tools to help developers build rich web applications with JavaScript. It was developed by Google for use in their web applications such as Gmail, Google Docs and Google Maps.[3]

Closure Compiler

The Closure Compiler is a tool for making JavaScript download and run faster, at the expense of human readability. It does not compile from JavaScript to machine code, but rather compiles from JavaScript to more efficient JavaScript. It parses JavaScript, analyzes it, removes dead code and rewrites and minimizes what's left. It also checks syntax, variable references, and types, and warns about common JavaScript pitfalls. It supports transpiling some ECMAScript 6 code to ECMAScript 3, so that programmers can write JavaScript that uses those features, and run it in browsers or other environments that don't yet support them. (The Traceur Compiler is another Google project that supports transpiling ES6 to ES3.) Closure source code can be compiled in three ways:

  • Command-line:
    • A Java application can be invoked from the command line and passed the list of JavaScript files to be compiled.
  • Interactive-way:
    • Closure Compiler service website provides a form for user to input a URL pointing a JavaScript source or input a JavaScript source in a textbox and the website will response with the optimized JavaScript on right side for user to copy.
  • HTTP POST API:
    • [ Closure Compiler server website] is waiting HTTP POST with severals HTTP POST parameters, see complete list. One is js_code or code_url which contains the string of JavaScript to be optimized. In return to the HTTP POST, the optimized JavaScript code will be the response content of application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

The Closure compiler also supports type checking via type annotations that must be written in JSDoc comments.[4]

Ecosystem

Programming languages that transpile to JavaScript benefit from Closure Tools. For example, Closure Compiler helps to make ClojureScript practical by making the compiled JavaScript code more efficient.[5]

Closure Library

The Closure Library is a JavaScript library, written specifically to take advantage of the Closure Compiler, based on a modular architecture. It provides cross-browser functions for DOM manipulations and events, Ajax and JSON, as well as more high-level objects such as User Interface widgets and Controls.

Closure Templates

Closure Templates are a templating system for dynamically generating HTML in both Java[6] and JavaScript.[7]

Because the language was apparently referred to as "Soy" internal to Google, and "Soy" remains in some of the documentation and classes,[8] sometimes Closure Templates are referred to as "Soy Templates".

Closure Stylesheets

This is a compiler which provides an extended version of CSS, which is compiled down to ordinary CSS. Internally in Google, this extended version of CSS is referred to as GSS.

See also

References

  1. ^ http://googlecode.blogspot.com/2009/11/introducing-closure-tools.html
  2. ^ Bolin, Michael, "Closure: The Definitive Guide", O'Reilly Media Inc., Sebastopol, CA, 2010
  3. ^ https://developers.google.com/closure/faq#gwt
  4. ^ https://developers.google.com/closure/compiler/docs/js-for-compiler
  5. ^ "Motivations for using Google's Closure Tools".
  6. ^ https://code.google.com/closure/templates/docs/helloworld_java.html
  7. ^ https://code.google.com/closure/templates/docs/helloworld_js.html JavaScript
  8. ^ https://code.google.com/p/closure-templates/source/browse/trunk/javascript/soyutils.js
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