List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet
Google is a computer software and a web search engine company that has been acquiring, on average, more than one company per week since 2010.[1] The table below is an incomplete list of acquisitions, with each acquisition listed being for the respective company in its entirety, unless otherwise specified. The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between Google and the acquisition subject. The price of each acquisition is listed in US dollars because Google is headquartered in the United States. If the price of an acquisition is unlisted, then it is undisclosed. If the Google service that is derived from the acquired company is known, then it is also listed here.
Google has acquired over 100 companies, with its largest acquisition being the purchase of Motorola Mobility, a mobile device manufacturing company, for $12.5 billion. Most of the firms acquired by Google are based in the United States, and, in turn, most of these are based in or around the San Francisco Bay Area. To date, Google has divested itself of three [2] business units: Frommers, which was sold back to Arthur Frommer in April 2012;[3] SketchUp, which was sold to Trimble in April 2012;[4] and Google Radio Automation, which was sold to WideOrbit in 2009.[5]
Many Google products originated as services provided by companies that Google has since acquired. For example, Google's first acquisition was the Usenet company Deja News, and its services became Google Groups. Similarly, Google acquired Dodgeball, a social networking service company, and eventually replaced it with Google Latitude. Other acquisitions include web application company JotSpot, which became Google Sites; Voice over IP company GrandCentral, which became Google Voice; and video hosting service company Next New Networks, which became YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group.
Following the acquisition of Israel-based startup Waze in June 2013, Google submitted a "10-Q" filing with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) that revealed that the corporation spent US$1.3 billion on acquisitions during the first half of 2013, with US$966 million of that total going to Waze.[6]
Acquisitions
See also
- Google Ventures
- List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple
- List of mergers and acquisitions by Facebook
- List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft
- List of mergers and acquisitions by Yahoo!
- List of mergers and acquisitions by Twitter
- Mergers and acquisitions
References
- ^ Rusli, Evelyn M. (October 27, 2011). "For Google, a New High in Deal-Making". The New York Times. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
- ^ Josh Constine (April 26, 2012). "SketchUp Is Google's First Divestment In Years, And It Made A Profit". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
- ^ Julianne Pepitone (April 4, 2013). "Frommer's founder buys back travel guide brand from Google". CNNMoney.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ John Bacus (April 26, 2012). "A new home for SketchUp". SketchUp. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "WideOrbit Acquires Google Radio Automation". WideOrbit. August 5, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ a b Rip Empson (29 July 2013). "Yahoo And Google Are Both Spending Big Money On Acquisition Sprees And What That Says About Their Futures". TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires Usenet Discussion Service and Significant Assets from Deja.com". Google. February 12, 2001. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ Cindy McCaffrey (September 20, 2001). "Google Acquires Technology Assets of Outride Inc". Google. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ Chris Sherman (February 18, 2003). "Puzzling Out Google's Blogger Acquisition". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ "Google acquires Neotonic Software". Search Engine Journal. June 4, 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google Buys Applied Semantics". Search Engine Watch. April 23, 2003. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Andrew Orlowski (September 30, 2003). "Google buys search engine – PageRank RIP?". The Register. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Ilana Grunberg (November 5, 2003). "Google Acquires Sprinks". SearchNewz. Retrieved July 3, 2007.
- ^ "List of Companies Acquired by Google". SEO Consultants. Retrieved July 3, 2007.
- ^ "Google Quietly Acquires Ignite Logic". WebProNews. May 10, 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ Janis Mara (July 13, 2007). "Google Acquires Picasa". Clickz. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Michael Bazeley (March 30, 2005). "Google acquires traffic info start-up Zipdash". SiliconBeat. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Renai LeMay (July 29, 2005). "Google mapper advises: take browsers to the limit". CNET. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009. Retrieved january 8, 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Google Acquires Keyhole Corp". Google. October 27, 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google Agrees To Acquire Urchin". Google. March 28, 2005. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google buys Dodgeball". Engadget. May 12, 2005. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google Continues International Expansion, Opens Offices in Latin America". Google. November 17, 2005. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google turning Canada into mobile software mecca". The Register. January 10, 2006. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google invests in power-line broadband". ZDNet. July 7, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google's Biggest Acquisitions So Far, And What They Became". Gizmodo. August 16, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ "Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal". Business Week. August 17, 2005. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ Anne Krishnan (January 6, 2007). "Google already has foothold in Triangle". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ Elinor Mills (June 27, 2007). "Ex-Googler tells all to Microsoft". CNET. Retrieved March 18, 2008.
- ^ a b "Google Subsidiaries". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
- ^ "Google Acquires dMarc Radio for $102 Million". Information Week. January 17, 2006. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Here comes Measure Map". Official Google Blog. February 14, 2006. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google buys Web word-processing technology". CNET. March 9, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ "Google acquires @Last Software". CNET. March 14, 2006. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ John Oates (April 10, 2006). "Google buys Orion algorithm". The Register. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ Paul Roberts (June 7, 2006). "Google bites the Big Apple". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
- ^ Rex Chan (February 1, 2007). "Strategic Use of Information Technology" (PDF). University of California, Irvine. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
- ^ "A better way to organize photos?". Official Google Blog. August 15, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
- ^ Paul R La Monica (October 9, 2006). "Google to buy YouTube for $1.65 billion". CNN. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
- ^ "Google To Acquire YouTube for $1.65 Billion in Stock". Google. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
- ^ Ben Ames (October 31, 2006). "Google Buys JotSpot, Offers Free Wiki Pages". PC World. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
- ^ Juan Carlos Perez (December 18, 2006). "Google buys Endoxon". InfoWorld. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
- ^ "Google buys video game ad firm Adscape". USA Today. March 18, 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Rachel Rosmarin (March 16, 2007). "Google Buys Data Visualization Software". Forbes. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
- ^ "We want to welcome the team from Tonic Systems to Google". Official Google Blog. April 13, 2007. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
- ^ "Collaborating with Marratech". Official Google Blog. April 19, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2007.
- ^ Susan Wojcicki (April 13, 2007). "The next step in Google advertising". Official Google Blog. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ "US Clears Google Acquisition of DoubleClick". Economic Times. December 23, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Ellen West (March 11, 2008). "Google Closes Acquisition of DoubleClick". Google. Retrieved March 18, 2008.
- ^ Dawn Kawamoto (May 29, 2007). "Google acquires GreenBorder Technologies". CNET. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Geoff Duncan (June 1, 2007). "Google has announced plans to acquire Spain's Panoramio photo sharing service". Digital Trends. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
- ^ "Google buys Internet news delivery firm FeedBurner". Melbourne: The Age. June 2, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ "Google shivs server crowd with PeakStream buy". The Register. June 5, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
- ^ "We're pleased to announce that we've acquired the assets of Zenter". Official Google Blog. June 19, 2007. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ "Moving to Google Voice!". Official Google Voice Blog. March 12, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
- ^ "We're pleased to announce that we have acquired GrandCentral Communications". Official Google Blog. July 2, 2007. Retrieved July 2, 2007.
- ^ "We have acquired ImageAmerica, a company that builds high resolution cameras for the collection of aerial imagery". Google LatLong Blog. July 20, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2007.
- ^ "Google buys Postini for $625m". vnunet. July 9, 2007. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ James Niccolai (September 29, 2007). "Google Buys Mobile Social Network Zingku". PC World. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ "Google acquires Jaiku". Jaiku. October 9, 2007. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ "YouTube and Omnisio Join Forces". YouTube Blog. July 30, 2008. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
- ^ Das, Anupreeta (September 13, 2008). "Google buys Korean blogging software company". Reuters. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
- ^ "Google Bullied Out Of Another $26.5 Million In Cash By On2 Shareholders". Business Insider. January 7, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ "Teaching computers to read: Google acquires reCAPTCHA". September 16, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Facts about Google's acquisition of AdMob". September 16, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Exclusive: Google Has Acquired Gizmo5". TechCrunch. September 16, 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
- ^ "Google Has Acquired Teracent". November 24, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- ^ "Google Acquires AppJet". December 4, 2009. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ "Google acquires social search engine Aardvark". February 12, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
- ^ "Google Continues Shopping Spree; Acquires reMail And Former Gmail Employee". TechCrunch. February 17, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
- ^ "Picnik Acquired by Google". March 1, 2010. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
- ^ "Deals may rise as tech firms overflow with cash". May 13, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
- ^ "Google Acquires Docverse To Further Office Arms Race". TechCrunch. March 5, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Episodic Joins Google". April 2, 2010. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
- ^ "Google Acquires Its First Ever UK Startup. Visual Search Engine Plink". April 12, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
- ^ "Google buys Agnilux, eyeing processors". CNN. April 21, 2010. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
- ^ "Google buys Labpixies". InformationWeek. April 27, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
- ^ Womack, Brian (May 2, 2010). "Google Buys Bump Technologies, Maker of 3-D Desktop Software". Bloomberg, L.P. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ "Google Buys GIPS to Challenge Skype in VOIP". eWeek. May 18, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
- ^ "Google Buys Simplify Media To Power Music Syncing For New iTunes Competitor". TechCrunch. May 20, 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- ^ nclick_check=1 "Serial entrepreneur Mike Cassidy sells Ruba to Google". Venturebeat. May 21, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ "Google's Final Price Tag for Invite Media: $81 Million". Media Memo – All Things Digital. June 9, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google and ITA Software Sign Acquisition Agreement". Google Investor Relations. July 1, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
- ^ Jennifer Gantman (July 16, 2010). "Metaweb joins Google – The Freebase Blog". Semantic Web. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Confirms Zetawire Buy for NFC vs. Apple, RIM". eWeek. December 14, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Siemers, Erik (August 5, 2010). "Instantiations acquired by Google". Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ "Google buys Java tools from Instantiations". August 5, 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ "SAD MAX: Google Just Bought Slide For A Measly $228 Million". August 4, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ "Google to Acquire jambool". TechCrunch. August 10, 2010. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- ^ "Google to Acquire Like.com". TechCrunch. August 15, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
- ^ "Geek chic: Google launches Boutiques.com". November 18, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Google buys Angstro". August 30, 2010. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Google buys Canadian gaming company SocialDeck". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. August 30, 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Google purchases Israeli startup Quiksee". September 13, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
- ^ "Google Buys Schedule Management Startup Plannr". TechCrunch. September 28, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google has acquired Plannr. If you are looking for a Google alternative, Google Calendar". Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "BlindType has been acquired by Google!". Archived from the original on October 7, 2010.
We are excited to announce that BlindType has been acquired by Google! We want to thank everyone for their overwhelming support and positive feedback.
- ^ "Google Acquires Impressive Touchscreen Keyboard Startup BlindType". TechCrunch. October 1, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Can we talk? Better speech technology with Phonetic Arts". Official Google Blog. December 3, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "On demand is in demand: we've agreed to acquire Widevine". Official Google Blog. December 3, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Google acquires eBook Technologies". InfoWorld. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google acquires SayNow". SayNow. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011.
- ^ "Google To Acquire fflick For $10 Million". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Share and share alike: we've acquired Fflick". YouTube. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "zynamics acquired by Google !". Zynamics. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Buys Security Analytics Software Developer Zynamics". Techcrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Beat that! Google acquires the UK's BeatThatQuote.com for £37.7m". Techcrunch Europe. March 7, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Making financial comparisons easy with Google Advisor". Google. May 19, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "It's Official: YouTube Buys Next New Networks". GigaOm. March 7, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "YouTube Continues To Amp Up Its Content Quality, Buys Green Parrot Pictures". Techcrunch. March 15, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Buys Mobile Entertainment Platform Pushlife". Techcrunch. April 8, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires TalkBin, A Feedback Platform For Businesses That's Only Five Months Old". Techcrunch. April 26, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires 'Kayak For Consumer Electronics' Sparkbuy". Techcrunch. May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires PostRank, An Analytics Service For The Social Web". Techcrunch. June 3, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires AdMeld For $400 Million". Techcrunch. June 9, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Helping publishers get the most from display advertising with Admeld". DoubleClick Publisher Blog. June 13, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google To Buy Mobile Loyalty Card Startup Punchd". Techcrunch. July 8, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Confirms That It Has Acquired Digital Loyalty Startup Punchd". Techcrunch. July 11, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google+ Makes Its First Acquisition And Buys Social Group Startup Fridge". Business Insider. July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires Facial Recognition Software Company PittPatt". TechCrunch. July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Sofge, Erik. "The End of Anonymity". Popular Science. 284 (2): 52.
{{cite journal}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - ^ "Google Scoops Up Daily Deal Aggregator 'The Dealmap'". TechCrunch. August 1, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ April Fong (September 7, 2012). "Gadget wars heat up as new Apple iPhone looms". Financial Post. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Todd R. Weiss (August 13, 2012). "Google Buys Frommer's to Expand Local Search Content". eWeek. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
- ^ Meyer, Marissa (September 8, 2011). "Google just got Zagat Rated". The Official Google Blog. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Amir Efrati. "Google Paid $125 Million for Zagat". AllThingsD. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Brian Womack (October 26, 2011). "Google Discloses $151 Million Price Tag for Zagat Service". Bloomberg Television. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google buys German deals site DailyDeal to take Offers global". Reuters. September 19, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires Twitter Analytics Startup SocialGrapple". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Buys Contextual Rich News Browsing Startup Apture To Beef Up Chrome". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires Katango, The Automatic Friend Sorter". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Sisario, Ben (December 9, 2011). "YouTube Buys Company That Processes Music Royalties". The New York Times. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires Clever Sense, Creator Of Local Recommendations App Alfred". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google nabs Digg founder to boost Google+". CNN. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Buys TxVia, Banks On Better Payment Technology (And 100M Customers) For Google Wallet". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google is acquiring messaging and advertising service Meebo for its Google+ team". The Next Web. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google + Quickoffice = get more done anytime, anywhere". Google. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires iOS/Mac Email Client Sparrow". Techcrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Leca, Dom (July 20, 2012). "Sparrow + Google". Sparrow. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ Cunningham, Andrew (July 20, 2012). "Google acquires Sparrow, integrates it into the Gmail team". Ars Technica. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Natasha Lomas (31 August 2013). "Google Confirms It Has Acquired Android Smartwatch Maker WIMM Labs". TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ^ Josh Constine (August 6, 2012). "Google Slaps $100M Golden Handcuffs On Wildfire To Retain Employees After $350M Acquisition". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
- ^ VirusTotal Team (September 7, 2012). "An update from VirusTotal". VirusTotal.com. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
- ^ "Google acquires free security service VirusTotal". ZDNET. September 7, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
- ^ "Google takes on Instagram and Facebook by acquiring top iOS photo app Snapseed". The Verge. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
- ^ Nik Software Team. "Google Acquires Nik Software". Nik Software. Archived from the original on February 7, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
- ^ Lemaire, Brad (September 17, 2012). "Google to acquire Nik Software". Proactive Investors. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Mills, Elinor (October 1, 2012). "Google buying face recognition firm Viewdle". CNET. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Lardinois, Frederic (October 3, 2012). "Confirmed: Google's Motorola Mobility Acquires Image And Gesture Recognition Company Viewdle". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Google buys Cambridge online marketing firm". Boston.com. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
- ^ "Google nabs coupon-marketing startup Incentive Targeting". ZDNet. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
- ^ "Google snaps up Waterloo startup BufferBox". The National Post. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
- ^ "Google acquires Amazon Locker Competitor BufferBox". The National Post. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
- ^ "U of T neural networks start-up acquired by Google". University of Toronto. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
- ^ Frederic Lardinois (March 15, 2013). "Google Acquires Web Application Server Talaria To Enhance Its Cloud Platform". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Ben Woods (April 16, 2013). "Google acquires Android mobile-data firm Behavio". CNet. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
- ^ "Google Buys Wavii For North Of $30 Million". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
- ^ "Google X Acquires Makani Power And Its Airborne Wind Turbines". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
- ^ Albanesius, Chloe (16 September 2013). "Google Buys Bump App for Easy Sharing". PC Mag. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
- ^ "Google Acquires YC-Backed Flutter, A Gesture Recognition Technology Startup, For Around $40M". TechCrunch. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ^ "Google buys the company behind DroidBooster to speed up Android, cross fingers for KitKat". PhoneArena. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h John Markoff (4 December 2013). "Google Puts Money on Robots, Using the Man Behind Android". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
- ^ John Markoff. "Google Adds to Its Menagerie of Robots". New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
- ^ Nick Sarafolean. "Google joins hands with Bitspin, the creators of Timely". Android and Me. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
- ^ "Google to Acquire Nest". Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ^ Google Buys Nest Labs for $3.2B, IEEE Spectrum, 2014.01.14
- ^ "Google snaps up security firm Impermium". Retrieved January 15, 2014.
- ^ "Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Startup DeepMind for $400M". Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ "Google acquires SlickLogin". Retrieved February 16, 2014.
External links
- Google's Subsidiaries – US Securities and Exchange Commission
- Google's Southern California Acquisitions