Jump to content

British Airways

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Plane Person (talk | contribs) at 15:51, 4 July 2010 (→‎Fleet: Added part on the A318 not being equipped with IAE engines). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For the 1930s airline of similar name, see British Airways Ltd.

British Airways
IATA ICAO Callsign
BA BAW

SHT

SPEEDBIRD

SHUTTLE

Founded31 March 1974
(after BOAC & BEA merger)
Hubs
Frequent-flyer program
AllianceOneworld
Subsidiaries
Fleet size245(+48 orders) excl.subsidiaries
Destinations150 excl.subsidiaries and code-shares
Parent companyInternational Airlines Group
HeadquartersWaterside, Harmondsworth, London Borough of Hillingdon, England
Key peopleWillie Walsh (CEO)
Martin Broughton (Chairman)
RevenueDecrease GB£7.994 billion(2010) [1]
Websitewww.ba.com

British Airways plc (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. BA has its headquarters in Waterside near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport and based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations is the largest airline in the UK. Its second hub is London Gatwick Airport. British Airways has discontinued all direct overseas flights from UK airports other than Heathrow, Gatwick and London City Airport. BA's UK passengers originating at non-London airports must now connect via London or use other airlines with direct services.

The British Airways Group was formed on 1 September 1974 through nationalisation by the Labour Government of the time. BA was formed from two large London-based airlines, BOAC and BEA, and two much smaller regional airlines, Cambrian Airways from Cardiff and Northeast Airlines from Newcastle upon Tyne. On 31 March 1974 all four companies were dissolved to form British Airways (BA). After almost 13 years as a nationalised company, British Airways was privatised in February 1987 as part of the privatisation plan by the Conservative Government of the time. The carrier soon expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian (BCAL) in 1987 and Gatwick-based carrier Dan-Air in 1992.

Despite being a primarily Boeing customer, British Airways placed a major order for Airbus aircraft in August 1998 with the purchase of 59 Airbus A320 family aircraft. In 2007, the carrier placed its next major order, marking the start of its long-haul fleet replacement, ordering 12 Airbus A380s and 24 Boeing 787s. The centrepiece of the airline's long-haul fleet is the Boeing 747-400; with 57 examples in service, British Airways is the largest operator of the type in the world.

The formation of Richard Branson's Virgin Atlantic Airways in 1984 began a tense relationship with BA. In 1993, the fierce rivalry led to British Airways apologising “unreservedly” for a “dirty tricks” campaign against Virgin leading to them paying damages and legal costs after "one of the most bitter and protracted libel actions in aviation history".[2]

Until 2008, British Airways was the largest airline based in the UK in terms of passenger numbers. The airline carried 35.7 million passengers in 2008 but rival UK low-cost carrier easyJet carried 44.5 million passengers in the same year, taking the title from British Airways.

On 12 November 2009, British Airways confirmed that it had reached a preliminary agreement to merge with Iberia. The merger between the two carriers will create the world's third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue and the second largest airline group in Europe. The merger was confirmed on 8 April 2010, and it is expected to be completed by the end of the year.

British Airways is one of the founding members of the oneworld airline alliance along with four other carriers - American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas and the now defunct Canadian Airlines. The alliance has since grown to become the third largest airline alliance, with only SkyTeam and Star Alliance being larger.

British Airways is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

History

Main article: History of British Airways
British Airways Concorde at Heathrow Airport

British Airways (BA) was created in 1974, when the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA) managements were combined under the newly formed British Airways Board.[3] In 1976 a change in the Government's aviation policy meant British Airways and British Caledonian, the second-biggest airline in Britain, were no longer permitted to compete on long-haul routes.[4]

British Airways was one of only two airlines, the other being Air France, to operate the supersonic airliner Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde;[5] inaugurating the world's first supersonic passenger service in January 1976 from London Heathrow to Bahrain. Services to the eastern seaboard of the US, for which Concorde had been designed for, were inaugurated with a service to Washington Dulles airport on May 24, 1976 and with flights to New York JFK airport starting on September 22, 1977. This was followed by a service to Singapore in cooperation with Singapore Airlines as a continuation of the flight to Bahrain.[3] Concorde operations soon expanded with charter services inaugurated in 1982 and a service to Miami (served as a continuation of the Washington flight) beginning in March 1984.[6] Following the Air France Concorde crash in Paris and the slump in demand for air travel after the September 11 Attacks in New York, the announement was made on April 23, 2003, that both Air France and British Airways would cease Concorde operations by the end of October 2003, after 27 years of service. The final commercial Concorde flight flew as BA002 from New York JFK to London Heathrow on 24 October 2003.[7]

In 1981, the airline was instructed to prepare for privatisation by the Conservative government leading to the appointment of Sir John King, later Lord King, as Chairman with the goal of bringing the airline back into profitability. King was credited with transforming the loss-making giant into one of the most profitable air carriers in the world, while many other large airlines struggled.[8] The flag carrier was privatised and was floated on the London Stock Exchange in February 1987 by the Conservative government.[9] In July 1987, British Airways effected the controversial takeover of Britain's "second" airline, British Caledonian.[6]

In 1992, British Airways expanded through the acquisition of financially troubled Gatwick-based carrier Dan-Air, giving BA a much larger presence at Gatwick airport. In March 1993, the rapid expansion continued with the formation of British Asia Airways, a subsidiary based in the Taiwan, to operate between London and Taipei. Throughout 1993, British Airways expanded through the purchased of a 25% stake in Australian airline Qantas in March, and the acquisition Brymon Airways in May to form BA Connect.[10]

In 1993, intense rivalry between British Airways and Virgin Atlantic Airways, formed 9 years earlier in 1984, culminated with British Airways being sued £610,000 for a "dirty tricks" campaign against Virgin and around £3 million in Virgin's legal costs. British Airways' campaign against Virgin included BA poaching Virgin Atlantic customers and tampering with private files belonging to Virgin. Following a court case, British Airways was forced to pay Virgin damages and legal costs causing BA management to apologise "unreservedly" for the alleged "dirty tricks" campaign.[2]

British Airways Hawker Siddeley Trident in 1974–1984 livery with enlarged "British" titles

Six months after the "dirty tricks" campaign, Lord King stepped down as chairman in 1993 and was replaced by former deputy, Colin Marshall, while Robert Ayling took over as CEO.[10] Benefits under his management included cost savings of £750m and the establishment of Go in 1998.[11] However, one year on, in 1999, British Airways reported an 84 percent drop in profits, its worst for seven years.[12] In March 2000, Robert Ayling was removed from his position and British Airways announced Rod Eddington as his successor. Eddington set about cutting the workforce further, in response to the slump caused by the 11 September attacks in 2001.[7] On 8 September 2004, British Airways announced that it was to sell its 18.5 percent stake in Qantas.[13]

In September 1998, British Airways, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific Airways, Qantas and the now defunct Canadian Airlines, agreed to form the oneworld airline alliance in order to better compete with the growing Star Alliance members. oneworld began operations on February 1, 1999 and has since grown to include 11 carriers with 2 pending and has become one of the largest airline alliances in the world, behind only SkyTeam and Star Alliance[6]

In September 2005, new CEO Willie Walsh, former Aer Lingus pilot and then boss, took charge of the company.[14]

In January 2008, BA unveiled its new subsidiary OpenSkies which takes advantage of the liberalisation of transatlantic traffic rights between Europe and the United States. OpenSkies flies non-stop from Paris to New York and Washington D.C.[15]

Merger with Iberia

British Airways and Iberia announced their merger in April 2010, creating the International Airlines Group, one of the world's largest airlines.

On 30 July 2008, British Airways and Spanish carrier Iberia announced a merger plan that would result in the two airlines joining forces in an all-stock transaction while retaining their separate brands similar to KLM and Air France in their merger agreement.[16] On 12 November 2009, British Airways confirmed that it had reached a preliminary agreement to merge with Iberia.[17] The merger between British Airways and Iberia will create the world's third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue and the second largest airline group in Europe. The agreement was confirmed on 8 April 2010, and it is expected to be completed by the end of the year.[18]

British Airways currently owns a 13.5% stake in Iberia but will receive ownership of 55% of the new combined group, which will be known as “International Airlines Group”, with Iberia's shareholders receiving the remaining 45% of the company.[19] The merged entity will operate 419 aircraft, carry over 62 million passengers annually and serve more than 200 destinations. It is expected that the merger will create 400 million Euros of savings every year for the carriers.[18] The head office will be in London.[20]

Corporate affairs

Waterside, the head office of British Airways
A British Airways Boeing 747-400 in a special Oneworld livery at London Heathrow Airport, England. (2009)

British Airways has its head office, Waterside, in Harmondsworth, London Borough of Hillingdon, England.[21] Waterside was completed in June 1998.[22] British Airways formerly had its head office in the Speedbird House, on the grounds of London Heathrow Airport. The building was sometimes nicknamed the "Birdseed House".[23]

British Airways is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.[24]

Financial performance

British Airways Financial Performance
Year Ended Passengers Flown[25] Turnover (£m) Profit/Loss Before Tax (£m) Net Profit/Loss (£m) Basic EPS (p)
31 March 2010 31,825,000 7,994 (531) (425) (38.5)
31 March 2009[26] 33,117,000 8,992 (401) (358) (32.6)
31 March 2008 33,161,000 8,753 883 696 59.0
31 March 2007 33,068,000 8,492 611 438 25.5
31 March 2006* 32,432,000 8,213 616 464 40.4
31 March 2006 35,634,000 8,515 620 467 40.4
31 March 2005 35,717,000 7,772 513 392 35.2
31 March 2004 36,103,000 7,560 230 130 12.1
31 March 2003 38,019,000 7,688 135 72 6.7
31 March 2002 40,004,000 8,340 (200) (142) (13.2)
31 March 2001 36,221,000 9,278 150 114 10.5
31 March 2000 36,346,000 8,940 5 (21) (2.0)
31 March 1999 37,090,000 8,915 225 206 19.5
31 March 1998 34,377,000 8,642 580 460 44.7
31 March 1997 33,440,000 8,359 640 553 55.7
31 March 1996 32,272,000 7,760 585 473 49.4

* Restated for the disposal of the regional business of BA Connect.

Destinations

Main articles: British Airways destinations and British Airways franchise destinations

British Airways serves nearly 150 destinations, including six domestic. It is one of only nine carriers to fly to all six permanently inhabited continents (the eight other carriers are Delta, Emirates, Korean Air, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Qatar Airways, South African Airways and United Airlines).[27]

Codeshare agreements

Other than codesharing with oneworld alliance members, British Airways also codeshare agreements with:[28]

Fleet

With the exception of the Boeing 707 and Boeing 747 from BOAC, the airline as formed in 1972-4 inherited a mainly UK-built fleet of aircraft. The airline introduced the Boeing 737 and Boeing 757 into the fleet in the 1980s, followed by the Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767 and Boeing 777 in the 1990s.[6][10]

British Airways has, with the exception of 29 of its Boeing 777 fleet and its 2 Airbus A318s, equipped its aircraft exclusively with British-made Rolls-Royce or IAE alliance engines, of which Rolls-Royce is a contibutor, examples including the Trent 800 on its Boeing 777s, the RB211-524 on its 747-400s and 767s, and RB211-535s on its 757-200s.[29]

Boeing-built aircraft for British Airways are allocated the customer code 36, which appears in their aircraft designation as a suffix, such as 737-436, 747-436, 777-236.[30]

Although British Airways utilizes a large Boeing fleet it has always operated aircraft from other manufacturers.[31] British built aircraft were transferred from BEA (e.g. Trident) and BOAC (e.g. VC10), and in the 1980s the airline bought the Lockheed L-1011.[32] It also acquired the DC-10 and Airbus A320 through the acquisition of British Caledonian Airways in the 1980s. In August 1998, British Airways placed its first direct Airbus order, for 59 A320/A319s to replace its own aging fleet of Boeing 737s and A320-100s.[10] British Airways replaced the L-1011 and DC-10 tri-jet fleet with twinjet Boeing 777 aircraft in the 1990's. In September 2007 BA placed its first order for long-haul Airbus jets, 12 Airbus A380s with 7 options.[33]

The British Airways fleet includes the following aircraft in June 2010:[34]

Airbus A319
Airbus A321-200
Boeing 777-200ER
Boeing 747-400
British Airways Fleet
Aircraft Total Orders Passengers
(First/Club World/World
Traveller Plus/World Traveller) 		Base
Airbus A318 2 0 32 (0/32/0/0) LCY
Airbus A319 33 0 132 (0/0/0/132)
129 (0/0/15/114) 		LGW
LHR
Airbus A320-200 44 6 156 (0/0/0/156)
152 (0/0/15/137) 		LHR
Airbus A321-200 11 0 188 (0/0/0/188)
184 (0/0/15/169) 		LHR
Airbus A380-800 0 12 TBA LHR
Boeing 737-400 19 0 159 (0/0/0/159)
145 (0/0/13/132) 		LGW
Boeing 747-400 57 0 329 (14/52/36/227)
291 (14/70/30/177) 		LHR
Boeing 757-200 12 0 173 (0/0/35/138) LHR
Boeing 767-300ER 21 0 247 (0/0/26/221)
192 (0/24/24/144) 		LHR
Boeing 777-200 3 0 220 (17/48/24/127) LHR
Boeing 777-200ER 43 0 229 (14/48/40/127)
220 (13/48/32/127)
272 (0/36/24/212)
286 (0/48/24/214) 		LGW
LHR
Boeing 777-300ER 0 6 297 (14/56/44/183) LHR
Boeing 787-8 0 8 183 (0/42/51/90) LHR
Boeing 787-9 0 16 TBA LHR
Total 245 48

As of February 2010, the average age of the BA fleet was 11.6 years.[35]

Aircraft operated

British Airways Fleet, 1970s[36]
Aircraft Introduced Retired
BAC One-Eleven 1974 1993
Boeing 707-400 1974 1984
Boeing 737-200 1974 2001
Boeing 747-100 1974 1999
Boeing 747-200 1977 2001
Concorde 1976 2003
Hawker Siddeley Trident 1974 1989
Hawker Siddeley HS 748 1975 1985
Lockheed L-1011 TriStar 1974 1999
Vickers VC10 1974 1983
Vickers Vanguard 1974 1975
Vickers Viscount 1974 1982
British Airways Fleet, 1980s–2000s[36]
Aircraft Introduced Retired
Airbus A318 2009
Airbus A319 1999
Airbus A320-100 1988 2007
Airbus A320-200 1989
Airbus A321 2004
Boeing 737-300 1988 2009
Boeing 737-400 1990
Boeing 737-500 1996 2009
Boeing 747-400 1989
Boeing 757-200 1983
Boeing 767-200 1993 1996
Boeing 767-300 1991
Boeing 777-200 1995
Dash 8-100 1993 1998
Saab 340 1990 1991
BAe 146-200 1989 1994
McDonnell Douglas DC-10 1988 1999

Future aircraft

British Airways has 32 outstanding options with Airbus, which may be taken as any member of the A320 family. Secured delivery positions on 10 Boeing 777 aircraft are held.[37]

On 27 March 2007, British Airways placed a firm order for four 777-200ER aircraft with an option for four more, with the order totalling more than US$800 million at list price.[38] The company has stated that these are for fleet expansion. BA's first 777s were fitted with General Electric GE90 engines, but BA switched to Rolls-Royce Trent 800s for the most recent 19 aircraft.[39] This engine choice has been continued with the most recent four orders as Trent 800 engines were selected as the powerplant for the new aircraft.[40]

British Airways has placed firm orders for 24 Boeing 787s, which will replace the oldest Boeing 767s in the fleet from 2012.

On 27 September 2007, BA announced their biggest order since 1998 by ordering 36 new long-haul aircraft. The company ordered 12 A380s with options on a further seven, and 24 Boeing 787s with options on a further 18 for delivery between 2012 and 2016.[41] Rolls-Royce Trent engines were selected for both orders with Trent 900s powering the A380s and Trent 1000s powering the 787s. The Boeing 787s will replace 14 of British Airways' Boeing 767 fleet and the Airbus A380s will replace 20 of BA's oldest Boeing 747-400s and will most likely be used to increase capacity on key routes from London Heathrow, such as Hong Kong and Los Angeles.[42]

The Airbus A380 is due to enter service with British Airways in 2013.

On 1 February 2008, it was announced that British Airways had ordered two Airbus A318s to operate a premium service between London City Airport (LCY) and New York JFK.[43] The two A318s used for the service are fitted out with 32 lie-flat beds in an all business class cabin.[44] The service, operating under the flight numbers previously reserved for Concorde, BA001 and BA003, began in September 2009.[45] It was subsequently announced that, because of runway length limitations at LCY, this route will include a westbound fuel stop.[46]

On 1 August 2008, BA announced orders for six Boeing 777-300ERs and options for four more as an interim measure to cover for delays over the deliveries of their 787-8/9s. Of the 6 that have been ordered, 4 will be leased & 2 will be fully acquired by British Airways.[47] On 12 January 2009 CEO Willie Walsh stated that BA's purchase of six 777-300ERs did not indicate that they had ruled out purchasing the A350 for their fleet renewal programme and "that the airline expects to reach a decision towards the end of the year."[48]

Marketing

Further information: [[:British Airways face advertisement]]

The musical theme predominantly used on British Airways advertising is "The Flower Duet" by Léo Delibes.[49] This, and the slogan "The World's Favourite Airline" were introduced in 1989 with the launch of the iconic "Face" advertisement.[50] The slogan was dropped in 2001, after having been overtaken by Lufthansa in terms of passenger numbers.[51] However, "Flower Duet" is still used by the airline, and has been through several different arrangements since 1989. The recent version of this melody was shown in 2007, with a new slogan, "Upgrade to British Airways".[52]

The advertising agency used for many years by BA was Saatchi & Saatchi, who created many of the most famous advertisements for the airline.[53] It created the influential "Face" commercial for the airline; following the termination of its relationship with BA, it made an imitation of this commercial for rival Silverjet in 2007.[54][55] As of February 2007, BA's advertising agency is Bartle Bogle Hegarty.[56]

British Airways' speedbird logo marks the entrance to London Heathrow Terminal 5

Prior to "The World's Favourite Airline", advertising slogans included:

  • "The World's Best Airline".
  • "We'll Take More Care Of You".
  • "Fly the Flag".

Online, the value of the British Airways Brand was pushed in 2002 as the company was given an opportunity to buy its acronym, and its IATA Airline code the letters "BA" as their internet domain ba.com. The domain was previously owned by Bell Atlantic.[57]

British Airways is the official airline of the Wimbledon Championship tennis tournament, and the official airline and tier 1 partner of the 2012 Olympics.[58][59]

British Airways is also the official airline of England's bid to host the 2018 Football World Cup.[60]

Tail fins

Further information: [[:British Airways ethnic liveries]]

Since its formation in 1974, though to a limited extent until all aircraft were repainted, British Airways' aeroplanes carried a Union Flag scheme painted on their tail fins. The original predominantly red tail scheme was changed with the launch of a new livery designed by the New York design agency, Landor Associates.[61] The new tail was predominantly dark blue and carried the British Airways Coat of Arms. On 10 June 1997 there was a highly controversial change from the use of the British colours to ethnic logos and abstract world images,[62] such as Delftware or Chinese calligraphy for example. All the designs related to countries on the company's network of routes. This caused problems with air traffic control: whereas previously controllers had been able to tell pilots to follow a BA plane, they were now harder to visually identify because each plane was painted in a range of different colours and colour schemes.[63]

Several people spoke out against the change from the traditional Union Flag Scheme, including the former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who covered the tail of a model BA plane with a white hankerchief captured by BBC News cameras.[64] BA's traditional rival, Virgin Atlantic, quickly adopted the British flag along with the slogan "Britain's national flagcarrier".[65] On 6 June 1999, BA CEO Bob Ayling announced that all BA planes would be repainted with the Union Flag, based on a design first used on Concorde.[66]

Cabins

Short Haul

UK Domestic is British Airways' economy class offering on domestic UK flights. The seat pitch is 31" on all aircraft and the aircraft are in a one-class configuration.[67] Food on these services depends on the destination and time of day. On Domestic services within England before 10am, a hot breakfast baguette is served, while a hot breakfast tray is served on Scottish services. After 10am there is a drinks service with a light snack on all services.[68]

Business UK operates exactly the same service (same cabin) as UK Domestic, with a fully flexible ticket and lounge access.

Euro Traveller is British Airways' economy class offering on flights from the UK to the rest of Europe. Seat pitch is 31", except on Boeing 757 aircraft where it is 32" and Airbus A321 aircraft where it is 30".[67] Food on board depends on the destination "band" (e.g. Band 1 to Paris, Band 2 to Frankfurt, Band 3 to Rome, Band 4 to Athens). Band 1 and 2 receive a bar service with a choice of sweet or salty snacks, Band 3 receive a filled sub roll and Band 4 are served with hot meals. All flights before 0959 are served with a cold breakfast roll with a drinks service. In-flight entertainment is offered on Band 4 flights on 767-300 aircraft (and some A320 flights where IFE is fitted).[69]

Club Europe is the short-haul business class product offered by British Airways on all short-haul flights (except within the UK). Passengers have access to business lounges at most airports and are also served a full English breakfast in the mornings or 'extended breakfast' on later flights (ham, salami etc.) and afternoon tea later in the day.[70][71] Seat pitch is 31" on most aircraft, but on the Boeing 757 fleet it is 36-37". Club Europe currently offers the same number of seats across as Euro Traveller but the middle seats are kept free. Since 2 September 2009, Club Europe has seats in a 2-3 configuration on certain narrow-body aircraft - this change is being implemented progressively across the fleet. The remaining middle seat is also kept free.[72] Club Europe was originally launched on 5 January 1988 along with Club World.[6]

Long Haul

A Next-Generation Club World seat.

First (rebranded from 'FIRST' in 2009) is the long-haul first class service on British Airways and is offered only on Boeing 747 and Boeing 777 aircraft. There are 14 private "demi-cabins" per aircraft, each with a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) bed, a 15 inch wide in-flight entertainment screen, in-seat power for laptops and personal phones. Menus are upgraded from Club World, British Airways' long-haul business class product, and offer greater choice and quality. Some airports boast dedicated First check-in desks but in airports without a dedicated First check-in, passengers use Club World check-in. In 2009, British Airways announced that the first major upgrade to the cabin since 1996 was to be inaugurated by January 2010, with a minor refresh taking place immediately.[73] The upgrade to the First product has also seen the introduction of a private concierge service provided by Quintessentially. The new First service was originally meant to have been launched on the London - New York Route but due to the US East Coast Snowstorm the new cabin was launched on 10 February 2010, on the London-Chicago Route.[74] The majority of the London Gatwick longhaul fleet do not feature First as they fly predominantly to high capacity family holiday destinations - instead they carry a 3 class configuration of Club World, World Traveller Plus and World Traveller.

Club World is the long-haul business class product on British Airways 767, 777 and 747 aircraft. Passengers have access to departure lounges at most airports and an exclusive arrivals lounge at London Heathrow Terminal 5.[75][76] On 13 November 2006, British Airways launched a new Club World service, termed Next Generation New Club World, offering larger seats and a service revamp. The Club World cabin provides a 20 in (51 cm) wide, 6 ft (1.8 m) long fully flat bed (6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) long in Next Generation New Club World cabins when in Z-bed position, which is not fully flat). There are 24 old generation Club World seats fitted on Boeing 767-300ER aircraft but these aircraft will be replaced by the Boeing 787 which will feature the Next-Generation Club World cabin from 2012 onwards. There are either 36 or 48 Next-Generation Club World seats on all of British Airways' Boeing 777s and since 2007 there are either 52 or 70 Next-Generation seats on Boeing 747-400 aircraft. Club World was originally launched on 5 January 1988 along with the original Club Europe product.[6]

World Traveller cabin.

World Traveller Plus is the premium economy offering provided by British Airways on all long-haul aircraft. World Traveller Plus features a 38 inch seat pitch, 7 inches more than World Traveller (British Airways' long-haul economy class).[67] It also provides fewer seats per row, two armrests per seat, an adjustable headrest, lumbar support, additional recline and in-seat laptop power.[77] World Traveller Plus is situated in a separate cabin from World Traveller and in a quieter location of the aircraft.[77]

World Traveller is the long-haul economy class offered on international flights by British Airways to destinations outside Europe. World Traveller offers a 31" seat pitch, lumbar support and fully adjustable headrests, seat-back entertainment systems, a free bar-service and complimentary three-course meals.[67][78]

Special cabin configuration

In 2001, British Airways became the first carrier to introduce a ten abreast economy class configuration on the Boeing 777, an aircraft which is designed for nine abreast seating.[79] This utilised specially built narrow seats and aisles, and was applied to three GE-engined 777-200ERs used predominantly on Caribbean routes, but sometimes flown to and from Florida.[80] After British Airways piloted this development, the configuration has been emulated by Emirates, Air France, KLM and China Southern Airlines among others. British Airways has since removed this unpopular configuration, returning to standard nine abreast seating.

Seating policies

Main article: Airline sex discrimination policy controversy

In March 2001, it was revealed that British Airways has a policy of not seating adult male passengers next to children who are sitting by themselves, even if a child's parents are elsewhere on the plane.[81] This led to accusations of sex discrimination, with the company eventually admitting the offence in 2010 during a case brough by Mirko Fischer.[82] The policy is currently under review.

Airport lounges

British Airways Concorde Room at Heathrow Terminal 5A

British Airways operate different types of lounge for passengers travelling in the premium cabins and passengers with status.[83] The Concorde Room at New York JFK Terminal 7 will be refurbished to the same standard as the Concorde Room at Heathrow Terminal 5A. First lounges are being replaced by Galleries First lounges. Terraces and Executive Club lounges are being replaced by Galleries Club lounges. The Gate 1 lounge at Heathrow Terminal 4 closed on 29 October 2009 as the three remaining BA long-haul services moved to Heathrow Terminal 3. At the same time, a new Galleries First lounge opened in Heathrow Terminal 3 to complement the existing Galleries Club lounge.

At airports in which BA does not operate a departure lounge, a third party departure lounge is usually provided for premium/status passengers. A third party arrivals lounge is provided at London Gatwick Airport within the Sofitel hotel.[84]

Operations

British Airways and British Airways franchise Destinations.
  United Kingdom
  British Airways destinations
  Destinations served only by British Airways franchise

British Airways holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, and is permitted to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.[85]

British Airways is the largest airline based in the United Kingdon in terms of fleet size and was, until 2008, the largest airline based in the UK in terms of passenger numbers as well. The airline carried 35.7 million passengers in 2008 but rival UK low-cost carrier easyJet carried 44.5 million passengers in the same year, taking the title from British Airways for the first time.[86][87]

British Airways main base is at London Heathrow Airport in west London, England but it also has a major presence at London Gatwick Airport and at one time they had a significant hub at Manchester Airport. However, hub operations at Manchester, and international services from outside London, ceased after the airline sold their subsidiary, BA Connect, citing lack of profitability. Passengers wishing to travel internationally with BA either to or from other UK destinations must now transfer in London.[88] Heathrow airport in particular is dominated by British Airways, due to their ownership of 40% of the slots available at the airport.[89]

On 27 March 2008, British Airways moved almost half of their Heathrow operating staff, equipment, and aircraft to the new Terminal 5. The vast majority of British Airways services to and from Heathrow currently operate from Terminal 5, with the exception of some service flights which will operate out of Terminal 3.[90] T3 British Airways operations include long-haul codeshare flights and European flights operated by Boeing 757 aircraft.[90][91]

Subsidiaries, franchisees and shareholdings

Subsidiaries

BA CityFlyer is a subsidiary with both Avro RJ & Embraer aircraft based in London City Airport. In December 2008 CityFlyer signed a contract with Embraer to modernise the current fleet with an order for 11 E-Jet aircraft which are replacing the existing Avro RJ aircraft. BA CityFlyer operates around 250 flights per week from London City Airport.[92]

British Airways previously was the full owner of Airways Aero Associations Limited, which operates the British Airways flying club and runs its own aerodrome under the British Airways brand at Wycombe Air Park, High Wycombe.[93]

With the creation of an Open Skies agreement between Europe and the United States in March 2008, British Airways started a new subsidiary airline called OpenSkies (previously codenamed "Project Lauren").[94] The airline started operations in June 2008, and now flies direct from Paris to New York JFK Airport and Washington Dulles.[95]

The former BEA Helicopters was renamed British Airways Helicopters in 1974 and operated passenger and offshore oil support services until it was sold in 1986.[96]

Franchisees

Shareholdings

  • British Airways currently owns a 13.5% stake in Spanish airline Iberia.[19]
  • British Airways obtained a 15% stake in UK regional airline Flybe, through the sale of BA Connect in March 2007.[99]

Cargo

BA is, through its subsidiary British Airways World Cargo, the world's twelfth-largest cargo airline based on total freight tonne-kilometres flown.[101] BA World Cargo has global freight opportunities through the British Airways flight routes. In addition to the main fleet, BA World Cargo wet lease three Boeing 747-400F aircraft from Global Supply Systems on a multi-year basis, as well as utilising space on dedicated freighters operated by other carriers.[102] Dedicated freighter services gives British Airways World Cargo the opportunity to service destinations that are not available on their passenger route network.

British Airways opened a World Cargo centre at Heathrow in the late 1990s.[103] As an advanced automated freight handling centre, it can handle unusual and premium cargo, and fresh produce, of which it handles over 80,000 tons per year.[104] BA World Cargo also handles freight at London's Gatwick and Stansted airports, and, through its partner British Airways Regional Cargo, at all of the main regional airports throughout the UK.[105]

Loyalty programmes

File:British Airways Executive Club Logo.png
British Airways Executive Club logo

Executive Club

The Executive Club is British Airways' main frequent flyer programme. It is part of the network of frequent flyer programmes in the Oneworld alliance. The Executive Club has three tiers of membership: Blue, Silver, Gold. The benefits of the Silver and Gold cards include access to airport lounges and dedicated reservation lines.[106] Unlike most airlines' frequent flyer programmes, the Executive Club keeps separate account of the redeemable BA Miles and the loyalty Tier Points. Flying in higher Classes of Service, i.e. Premium Economy, Business or First, will earn extra BA Miles and Tier Points. As of August 2009, Tier Points can be earned on any flight, including discounted economy fares.[107]

Discounted economy fares will only earn 25% BA Miles.[106] Membership of the Executive Club will be extended annually upon attaining the relevant number of Tier Points. For instance, to maintain the Silver Executive Club will require 4 Premium Economy Returns between the UK and the US Eastern Seaboard.

The number of tier points required for Silver and Gold card membership varies substantially between countries leading to some passengers changing their address to a European country in order to qualify for membership with fewer tier points.

Redeemable miles expire after 36 months of inactivity.

Premier

BA operates an invitation-only Premier programme which gives more benefits than the Executive Club Gold Card scheme including an increased number of BA miles per flight and access to the Concorde Lounge regardless of travel class. It is given only by the BA board and has 1,200 members.[108]

Industrial relations

Staff working for British Airways are represented by a number of trade unions, which include:

British Airways, under Bob Ayling's management, faced strike action by cabin crew over the £1 billion cost-cutting drive that was made to return the carrier to profitability in 1997. This was the last time cabin crew at BA went on strike until 2009. Following these strikes and the cost-cutting programme implemented by Ayling, staff morale never recovered, leading to unrest within the company ever since.[109]

In 2005, wildcat action was taken by union members over the decision by Gate Gourmet to lock out 670 workers and replace them with agency staff after a contract with British Airways was not renewed. It is estimated that the strike cost British Airways £30 million and caused disruption to 100,000 passengers.[110]

In October 2006, a dispute over the right of a Christian check-in worker to wear a visible symbol of faith occurred.[111] The employee lost an employment tribunal in January 2008.[112]

In 2007 cabin crew threatened strike action over salary changes to be imposed by the British Airways Board. The strike was then confirmed but called off just before the start of the action, leading to British Airways losing £80 million.[109]

Relations have been turbulent between BA and Unite, particularly in 2009 and 2010 with regard to proposed changes to working conditions for cabin crew.

A strike ballot was held in December 2009 over changes to working practices which received overwhelming support with planned action over Christmas 2009.[113] This industrial action was blocked by a court injunction deeming the ballot illegal. A re-ballot was held in February.[114] Ongoing negotiations failed to stop strike action in March, and the company withdrew travel perks for those participating in the action.[115] Allegations were made in the Guardian newspaper that BA had sought consultancy on how to undermine the unions operating in BA were withdrawn.[116]

A further strike was announced for May. British Airways again sought an injunction on a technicality which was initially granted, but overturned on appeal during the first aborted planned action. The attempts to avert strike action were delayed after members of the Socialist Workers Party broke up the negotiations between BA leadership and Unite the Union.[117] Negotiations were further strained when Unite co-leader Derek Simpson was found to be using his Blackberry to update his Twitter account with progress of the confidential negotiations under the chairmanship of conciliation service Acas.[118]

Incidents and accidents

  • On 10 September 1976, a Trident 3B on British Airways Flight 476, flying from London Heathrow to Istanbul collided in mid-air with an Inex Adria DC9-32 near Zagreb, Croatia, resulting in the 1976 Zagreb mid-air collision.[121] All 54 passengers and 9 crew members on the BA aircraft died. This is the only fatal accident to a British Airways aircraft since the company's formation in 1974.
  • On 24 June 1982, Flight 9, a Boeing 747-200, G-BDXH, City of Edinburgh flew through a cloud of volcanic ash and dust from the eruption of Mount Galunggung, causing extensive damage to the aircraft, including the failure of all four engines.[122] The crew managed to glide the plane out of the dust cloud and restart all four of its engines, although one later had to be shut down again. The aircraft made an emergency landing at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport just outside Jakarta. No-one was injured.[123]
  • On 10 June 1990, Flight 5390, a BAC One-Eleven flight between Birmingham and Málaga, suffered a windscreen blowout due to the fitting of incorrect bolts the previous day. The Captain suffered major injuries after being partially sucked out of the aircraft, however the co-pilot landed the plane safely at Southampton Airport.[124]
  • On 11 December 2000, British Airways Flight 2069 from London Gatwick Airport to Nairobi experienced a hijack attempt whilst flying over Sudan.[127] A Kenyan student with a mental illness burst into the cockpit of the Boeing 747. As three crew fought to restrain the man, the auto-pilot became disengaged and the jet dropped 10,000 feet (3,000 m) with 398 passengers on board. However, with the help from the passengers, the pilots recovered the aircraft, successfully restrained the Kenyan with handcuffs and the plane landed safely.[128] Passengers aboard the plane included English singer Bryan Ferry and socialite Jemima Khan.[129]
The damaged British Airways Flight 38
  • On 19 February 2005, the No. 2 engine of a Boeing 747-400 G-BNLG surged (whereby the airflow through the engine reverses) and suffered internal damage just after take off from Los Angeles on a flight to London Heathrow with 16 crew and 351 passengers on board.[130] The crew shut the engine down and continued the climb and continued the flight, in line with BA's standard operating procedures for 4 engined aircraft. Because it was unable to attain normal cruising speeds and altitudes, the aircraft diverted to Manchester Airport, England. The United States Federal Aviation Administration had been critical of the Captain's decision and accused BA of operating the aircraft in an non airworthy condition.[131] In June 2006 the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch recommended that the UK and US authorities review the policy on flight continuation and give clear guidance. This has not happened but the FAA have accepted the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority’s determination that the aircraft was airworthy.[132]
  • On 17 January 2008, British Airways Flight 38, a Boeing 777-200ER G-YMMM, flying from Beijing to London, crash-landed approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) short of London Heathrow Airport's runway 27L, and slid onto the runway's threshold. This resulted in damage to the landing gear, the wing roots, and the engines, resulting in the first hull loss of a Boeing 777. There were 136 passengers and 16 crew on board. 1 serious and 12 minor injuries were sustained. The initial report from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch stated that the engines repeatedly failed to respond to commands for more thrust from both the autothrottle system and from manual intervention, beginning when the aircraft was at an altitude of 600 feet (180 m) and 2 miles (3.2 km) from touchdown.[133] In September 2008, it was revealed that ice in the fuel might have caused the crash. In early 2009, Boeing sent an update to aircraft operators, identifying the problem as specific to the Rolls-Royce engine oil-fuel flow heat exchangers.[134]

Arms

Coat of arms of British Airways
Notes
The arms of British Airways consist of:[135]
Escutcheon
Argent between a Chief and a Bendlet sinister couped gules, a Gyron issuing from the dexter the point in sinister chief.
Motto
To Fly To Serve

References

  1. ^ "British Airways 2009/10 Annual Report and Accounts". British Airways. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  2. ^ a b "BA dirty tricks against Virgin cost £3m". BBC News. 11 January 1993. Retrieved 23 October 2006.
  3. ^ a b "Explore our past: 1970-1979". British Airways. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  4. ^ "UK abandons long-haul competition". Flight International. 7 August 1975. p. 173. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "Concorde starts regular service". Eugene Register-Guard. 26 January 1976. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Explore our past: 1980-1989". British Airways. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Explore Our Past:2000-Present". British Airways. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  8. ^ Thackray, Rachelle (12 February 1998). "A-Z of Employers". The Independent. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  9. ^ Marshall, Tyler (24 October 1992). "After much fanfare, sale of British Airways set to begin". The Independant. Retrieved 10 February 1987. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. ^ a b c d "Explore our past: 1990-1999". British Airways. Retrieved 8 June 2010. Cite error: The named reference "EOP9" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ "International Business; British Airways Ousts Chief After Four Tumultuous Years". The New York Times. 11 March 2000. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  12. ^ Sorkin, Andrew (29 August 1999). "Market Insight: Seeing Fool's Gold In Airlines' Cheap Seats". New York Times. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  13. ^ FindArticles.com, "British Airways to sell its Qantas stake" Airline Industry Information. 8 September 2004. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  14. ^ Lavery, Brian (9 March 2005). "International Business; Former Chief of Aer Lingus To Get British Air's Top Post". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  15. ^ Jemima Bokaie (9 January 2008). "BA brands new airline "Open Skies"". Brand Republic. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  16. ^ Brothers, Caroline (30 July 2008). "British Airways in Merger Talks". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
  17. ^ "BA and Iberia agree merger deal". BBC News. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  18. ^ a b "British Airways and Iberia sign merger agreement". BBC News. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  19. ^ a b "BA and Iberia agree merger deal". BBC News. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  20. ^ "BA and Iberia sign formal merger agreement". Flight Global. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
  21. ^ "About British Airways." British Airways. Retrieved on 27 February 2010.
  22. ^ McKellar, Susie and Penny Sparke. "The Contemporary Office." Interior Design and Identity. Manchester University Press, 2004. 200. Retrieved from Google Books on 12 February 2010. ISBN 0719067294, 9780719067297.
  23. ^ Willcock, John. "People and Business: Toy story is just a fable." The Independent. Wednesday 7 October 1998. Retrieved on 27 February 2010. "This is a lot more complimentary than the nickname for BA's old head office, Speedbird House, universally known as "Birdseed House". How cheap."
  24. ^ "British Airways Stock Exchange Details". London Stock Exchange. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  25. ^ BA Shares "British Airways shareholder 'Reports & Accounts' Archive". British Airways. Retrieved 27 June 2010. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  26. ^ "British Airways 2008/09 Annual Report and Accounts". British Airways. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
  27. ^ Smith, Patrick (10 July 2009). "Ask the Pilot: Welcome to the Six Continent Club!". Salon.com. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  28. ^ "Our partnerships and alliances". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  29. ^ Harrison, Pete (27 September 2007). "British Airways ditches Boeing jumbo for Airbus A380". USA Today. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  30. ^ "CAA Aircraft Register (Boeing aircraft registered to British Airways)". Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  31. ^ "Britain: Brickbats at BOAC". TIME. 24 March 1967. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  32. ^ "Lockheed wins British pact". Chicago Tribune. 19 August 1976. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  33. ^ Bolger, Joe (27 September 2007). "BA breaks Boeing loyalty with Airbus order". The Times. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  34. ^ "United Kingdom Civil Aircraft Register". United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  35. ^ "British Airways Average Fleet Age". airfleets.net. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  36. ^ a b "British Airways historic fleet". airfleets.net. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  37. ^ "BA Interim Financial Results 2006 Q3, Page 12" (PDF). British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  38. ^ "Boeing and British Airways complete deal for four 777-200ERs; Boeing 777 is logical complement to British Airways' wide-body fleet". M2 Presswire. 28 March 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  39. ^ "Rolls-Royce lands US jets deal". Birmingham Evening Mail. Retrieved 18 August 1998. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  40. ^ "BA picks Rolls-Royce engines for new Boeing 777 jets". Forbes. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
  41. ^ "BA opts for A380 and Dreamliner". BBC News. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  42. ^ Moores, Victoria (27 September 2007). "BA to decide on remaining long-haul renewal in 2008–09". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  43. ^ "British Airways orders two Airbus A318s to launch London City-New York route". Forbes. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  44. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David. "Exclusive: British Airways A318 all-business cabin revealed". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  45. ^ "British Airways Picks A318 Over Boeing 717 For Narrowbody Purchase". aeroworldnet.com. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  46. ^ "BA All Business Flights to Include Westbound Fuel Stop in Shannon Airport, Republic of Ireland". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
  47. ^ Dunkley, Jamie (1 August 2008). "BA warns that ticket prices will jump as routes are axed". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
  48. ^ David Kaminski-Morrow (1 December 2009). "BA's 777-300ER acquisition does not rule out the [[Airbus A350]] : Walsh". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 28 June 2010. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  49. ^ "Flower Duet (From Lakme) by Leo Delibes". Chris Worth Productions. Retrieved 8 June 2007.
  50. ^ "1989 British Airways Commercial". Youtube.com. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
  51. ^ "British Airways takes off". CNN. 22 May 2001. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  52. ^ "BA official website - "Upgrade to British Airways" homepage". British Airways. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
  53. ^ "Saatchi & Saatchi: The agency that made Tory history". The Independent. 17 September 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  54. ^ "Perspective - How will M&C adjust to life after British Airways?". Campaign Magazine. 14 October 2005. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  55. ^ Sweney, Mark (5 October 2007). "Saatchi ad gets revenge on BA". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  56. ^ "Clients & Work". Bartle Bogle Hegarty. Archived from the original on 11 February 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  57. ^ "The History of the ba.com Domain". VB.com. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  58. ^ "British Airways Reminds Visitors to Leave Air Horn, Chili Dog At Home During Wimbledon". Agency.com. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  59. ^ "British Airways - official airline partner of London 2012". British Airways. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  60. ^ "BA part of 2018 World Cup History". 27 April 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  61. ^ Rothenberg, Randall (6 September 1989). "The Media Business: Advertising, Y.&R. Seeks Acquisition Of Landor". New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  62. ^ Aldersey-Williams, Hugh (15 June 1997). "By their tailfins shall we know them?". The Independent. Retrieved 28 june 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  63. ^ Willcock, John (9 April 1998). "People & Business". The Independent. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  64. ^ "Virgin to create 2,000 jobs". BBC News. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  65. ^ Parsons, Tony (14 June 1999). "Tony Parsons' column: Don't Jack it in yet". The Mirror. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  66. ^ "Union Jack is back on the world's favourite airline". The Independant. 7 June 1999. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  67. ^ a b c d "British Airways seat-pitch guide". Skytrax. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  68. ^ "UK Domestic: On-board". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  69. ^ "Euro Traveller: On-board". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  70. ^ "Club Europe: Lounges". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  71. ^ "Club Europe: In-flight dining". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  72. ^ "Wider seats in Club Europe". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  73. ^ "British Airways 2007/08 Annual Report and Accounts". British Airways. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
  74. ^ Haslam, Chris (31 January 2010). "Times report on BA First Class". The Times. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  75. ^ "Club World: On arrival". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  76. ^ "Club World: Lounges". British Airways. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  77. ^ a b "World Traveller Plus Information". British Airways. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  78. ^ "World Traveller Information". British Airways. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  79. ^ Haddock, Tim (20 June 2001). Boeing 777: Jetliner for a New Century. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  80. ^ Birtles, Philip (2008). Squeeze Picking Right Plane For Best Seats. ISBN 0760305811. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  81. ^ "Revealed: How BA bans men sitting next to children they don't know". Daily Mail. 4 November 2006. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
  82. ^ "BA seat policy made man 'feel like a child molester'". BBC News. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  83. ^ "Lounges". British Airways. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
  84. ^ "Lounge locations". British Airways. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
  85. ^ "Description of UK Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence". Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  86. ^ "Traffic Statistics". British Airways. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  87. ^ "Passenger statistics for December 2008". EasyJet. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  88. ^ "Flights hit by BA sale to Flybe". BBC News. 5 March 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  89. ^ Gow, David (21 January 2004). "BA outbid for Heathrow slots". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2007. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  90. ^ a b "News In Brief". Air & Travel Business News. 26 October 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
  91. ^ "BAA chiefs expect 'teething problems' at Heathrow Terminal 5 opening". Forbes. 13 March 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
  92. ^ "BA plans major expansion at London City". easier Travel. 14 March 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  93. ^ "History of BAFC". Airways Aero Associations. Archived from the original on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  94. ^ "BA to launch 'open skies' airline". BBC News. 9 January 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  95. ^ Done, Kevin (28 July 2008). "BA takes OpenSkies to Amsterdam". Financial Times. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
  96. ^ "SDR Helicopters Acquires British Airways Helicopters Privatised by British Airways PLC". Alacra Store. 23 September 1986. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  97. ^ "BA franchising forays into South Africa". Flight International. 19 June 1996. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
  98. ^ Kingsley-Jones, Max. "BA's franchising goes offshore". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 15 May 1996. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  99. ^ "Completion of acquisition by Flybe of BA connect". Flybe. 5 March 2007. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008.
  100. ^ "Ownership & Structure". Eurostar. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  101. ^ "BA World Cargo Adds to Surcharge". Journal of Commerce, Inc. 25 August 2005. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  102. ^ "Atlas Air invests in new UK airline". Atlas Air Inc. (Press release). 12 April 2001. Archived from the original on 26 February 2003. Retrieved 19 December 2006.
  103. ^ Andren, Emily (1 June 1995). "British Airways unveils cargo center plan". Air Cargo World. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  104. ^ "British Airways World Cargo". Freight International. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  105. ^ "British Airways Regional Cargo.(People Watch)(general manager appointed)". Traffic World. 23 February 2004.
  106. ^ a b Bown, Jessica (30 April 2006). "Now you can fly further with air loyalty plans". The Times. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  107. ^ Jamieson, Alastair (22 August 2009). "British Airways extends loyalty scheme to passengers on cheapest fares". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  108. ^ Roger Collis (31 January 2003). "The Frequent TRAVELER: The airline concierge:smoothing out the seams for high fliers". New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  109. ^ a b "BA strike: conflict that was always on airline's flight path". The Guardian. 15 December 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  110. ^ "Gate Gourmet probes union claims". BBC News. 18 August 2005. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  111. ^ "Woman to sue BA in necklace row". BBC News. 15 October 2006. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
  112. ^ "Court rules BA may prohibit crosses but not other religious symbols". lifesitenews.com. 16 January 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  113. ^ "British Airways cabin crew vote for Christmas strike". BBC News. 14 December 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  114. ^ "British Airways cabin crew back strike action". BBC News. 22 February 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  115. ^ "BA Strikers to forfeit cheap travel perks". BBC News. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  116. ^ "Apology to Frank Burchill". The Guardian. 2 April 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  117. ^ "Right to Work conference shows opposition to BA boss Willie Walsh". Socialist Worker Online. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  118. ^ "Unite union says BA strike to go ahead". BBC News. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  119. ^ "Four Hijackers Surrender; Tunisian Aide Denies Deal; Passengers in London". New York Times. 26 November 1974. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  120. ^ "Captain Jim Futcher". The Telegraph. 31 May 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  121. ^ "Worst midair crash ever claims 176 in Yugoslavia". Milwaukee Sentinel. 11 September 1976. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  122. ^ "Jet Safe After Heart-Stopping, Dead-Engine Dive". Los Angeles Times. 25 June 1982. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  123. ^ Faith, Nicholas (1996, 1998). Black Box. p. 156. ISBN 0752221183. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Check date values in: |year= (help)
  124. ^ "This is your captain screaming (interview with Nigel Ogden)". The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 February 2005. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
  125. ^ "BA loses Iraq hostage appeal". BBC News. 15 July 1999. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  126. ^ "UK hostages describe Kuwait ordeal". BBC News. 16 October 2006. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  127. ^ Phillips, Don (30 December 2000). "Kenyan tries to seize control of British Jet". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  128. ^ "BA jet plunges in cockpit struggle". BBC News. 29 December 2000. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  129. ^ Walters, Joanna (28 April 2002). "Passengers on jumbo terror flight to sue BA". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  130. ^ Morris, Steven (25 September 2006). "Air controllers amazed as BA pilot flies despite fire". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  131. ^ Flight International, 2005-07.
  132. ^ Flight International, 23 January 2007
  133. ^ "Accident to Boeing 777-236, G-YMMM at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008: Initial Report". Air Accidents Investigation Branch. 18 January 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  134. ^ Croft, John. "Boeing links Heathrow, Atlanta Trent 895 engine rollbacks". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 3 February 2009.
  135. ^ Heraldry Gazette, vol. 65, London, 1976

Bibliography

  • Gregory, Martyn (1996). Dirty tricks: British Airways' secret war against Virgin Atlantic. Warner. ISBN 0751510637.
  • Corke, Alison (1986). British Airways: the path to profitability. Pan. ISBN 0330295705. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |ISBN-status= ignored (help)
  • Hayward, Keith (1983). Government and British civil aerospace: a case study in post-war technology policy. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719008778.
  • Campbell-Smith, Duncan (1986). The British Airways Story: Struggle for Take-Off. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0340394951.
  • Penrose, Harald (1980). Wings Across the World: An Illustrated History of British Airways. Cassell. ISBN 0304306975.
  • Marriott, Leo (1998). British Airways. Plymouth Toy & Book. ISBN 188266339X.
  • British Airways (1974). British Airways annual report and accounts. British Airways Board.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to British Airways.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Airways&oldid=371713703"