Jump to content

Chennai Metro

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 164.53.218.20 (talk) at 10:01, 1 January 2014 (→‎Planning). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Not to be confused with Chennai Metropolitan Area.
For the elevated railway in Chennai, see Mass Rapid Transit System (Chennai).

Chennai Metro Rail
Overview
OwnerChennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)[1]
LocaleChennai, Tamil Nadu
Transit typeRapid Transit
Number of lines2 (under construction in Phase I)
3 (proposed in Phase II)
Number of stations41 (Phase I + extension)
Chief executivePankaj Kumar Bansal, MD[2]
HeadquartersChennai
Websitehttp://www.chennaimetrorail.gov.in/
Operation
Operation will start2013 (Elevated Section on Corridor 2)
Ended operationPresent
Operator(s)CMRL
Number of vehicles42 (Phase I)
Train length86.5 m
Technical
System length117.046 km (72.73 mi) [Phase I, extension and Phase II]
Track gaugestandard gauge
Electrification25 kV, 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)

The Chennai Metro Rail (Tamil: சென்னை மெட்ரோ ரயில்) is a rapid transit system currently under construction in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The Phase I of the project consisting of two corridors covering a length of 45.1 km is under construction. The elevated section of the project is scheduled to be operational by mid 2014 and the entire project is scheduled to be completed by the financial year 2014-2015. About 55% of the corridors in Phase I is underground and the remaining is elevated.

Background

Chennai is the fourth largest metropolitan city in India. In recent years, the population has risen rapidly and thus required the need for reliable and safe transportation. Currently, the city already has multiple modes of transportation including an extensive bus system run by the Chennai MTC. The transportation network is augmented by the Chennai suburban railway network run by the Southern Railway. Furthermore, the Southern Railway runs the Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System, an elevated metropolitan railway system was sanctioned in 1984 to relieve congestion in central Chennai. Despite the improvement measures that were made, traffic congestion has continued to be an issue for both the residents and the city government. As a result, the Chennai Corporation has decided to implement the Chennai Metro project which will provide another mode of transportation for Chennai. Mr K.Rajaraman IAS, 1989 Batch Officer of Tamil Nadu Cadre has been named as the Managing Director of CMRL.

History

Other proposals

Several studies and proposals have been made to identify new lines to augment the two lines currently under construction. Two lines have been proposed in the comprehensive transportation study submitted by Wilbur Smith Associates [3] from Medavakkam to St. Thomas Mount and Pattinambakkam to Lighthouse via Radhakrishnan Salai. A metro line from Thiruvanmiyur to Kottivakkam and beyond via ECR has been proposed by CMRL in the steering committee meeting of the Department of Highways and Minor Ports. But it has been decided to defer construction for the present and resume later. This was proposed as an alternate for the East Coast Elevated Expressway[4] A project study was produced to establish links between Moolakadai and Thirumangalam, Moolakadai and Thiruvanmiyur and Luz and Poonamallee through Iyyappanthangal.[5]

Construction history

The construction started on 10 June 2009 with the piling work for the elevated viaduct between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stretch. Construction is expected to be fully completed by February 2015. The first section to be opened will be on Line 2 between Koyambedu and St. Thomas Mount and this stretch is likely to be in operation by 2013. The construction work on the project was suspended on 9 August 2012, following an accident that killed a worker and injured six others, a day earlier. The work resumed after safety audit across its 32 stations was completed.[6]

The project is estimated to cost around ₹146 billion (US$1.7 billion) for the two corridors totaling 45 km. However, the previous estimate in 2007 was ₹95.65 billion (US$1.1 billion).[7] But it is likely to increase by 23% to ₹180 billion (US$2.2 billion)[8] The Underground tunneling will cost about Rs3 billion per km, whereas Elevated track will cost about Rs1 billion per km. The estimated construction cost of Underground and Elevated Station will be Rs1 billion and Rs3 billion respectively.[9]

2008

  • 16 April: Planning commission gives in-principle approval for the project[10]
  • 21 November: Deal signed with Japan Banking Corporation for procuring 59% loan at Tokyo.[11]

2009

  • 20 January: Tenders floated for Phase I of the Metro project; winning bidder yet to be announced, work to commence in the end of February or beginning of March.
  • 29 January: Chennai Metro becomes one of the fastest projects to get approval from the Economic Ministry, signed for commencement by officiating Finance Minister Mr. Pranab Mukherjee.
  • 13 February: The Hyderabad-based Soma Enterprise Ltd has been awarded a INR 199.2-crore (INR 1.99 billion) contract in the Chennai Metro Rail Project, marking the start of the work on the project. It has begun construction on the 4.5 km stretch elevated viaduct along the IRR (Inner Ring Road) between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar. It does not include stations as it would be tendered separately.[12]
  • 10 March: A Five-member consortium led by Egis Rail S.A, France has been awarded the USD 30 million general consultancy contract by CMRL. The other members of the consortium are Egis India Consulting Engineers Private Ltd., India, Maunsell Consultants Asia Ltd., Hong Kong, Balaji Rail Road Systems Ltd., India and Yachiyo Engineering Co. Ltd., Japan.[13]
  • 20 May: CMRL started to evaluate the integration of Metro corridor with the planned grade separator at the junction of Arcot Road and Jawaharlal Nehru Road.[14]
  • 27 May: Trial Pile Load Tests are being conducted at three locations in Inner Ring Road (IRR) — At Ashok Nagar opposite to Karaikudi Restaurant, at vadapalani opposite to Hotel Ambica Palace Empire and at Koyambedu opposite to SAF Games Village.
  • 10 June: Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Thiru. M.K.Stalin inaugurated the piling work for the construction of elevated viaduct from Koyambedu to Ashok Nagar.[15]
  • 23 July: Pre-qualification tenders invited by EMBYE consultant for the rolling stock.[16]
  • 30 July: Soil tests conducted by DMRC at Wimco Nagar, Periyar Nagar and Neydhal Nagar in Tiruvottiyur for Chennai Metro Extension.
  • 26 August: Tenders invited for the elevated viaducts for the Corridor 1 from Saidapet including station viaducts until OTA and for Corridor 2 from Ashok Nagar including station viaducts until Alandur.[17]
  • 4 September: Pre-qualification tenders invited for underground stations and tunnels. Invite for bids are expected around January 2010.
  • 31 December: Pre-qualification tenders invited for track works (design and build). Invite for bids are expected around May 2010.

2010

  • 11 January: Pre-qualification tenders invited for power supply system and overhead equipment (design and build). Invite for bids are expected around May 2010.
  • 28 January: Larsen and Toubro (L&T) bags the contract for 9.73 elevated viaducts from Corridor 1 from Saidapet until OTA (5.17 km @ INR 1733.0 million) and for Corridor 2 from Ashok Nagar until St. Thomas Mount (4.56 km @ INR 1411.3 million) valued together at INR 3144.3 million.[18][19][20]
  • 12 February: Tenders invited for 10 elevated stations and an integrated viaduct-flyover @ vadapalani.
  • 12 March: Tender invited for Koyambedu Depot pre-filling and two PQs invited for Telecom, Platform Screen Doors & Signalling and Lifts & Escalators.
  • 29 March: Chennai Metro Project Phase II receives INR 29326 million loan agreement from Japan. Finance Ministry of India signs agreement with Japanese Ambassador to India Hideaki Domichi.[21][22]
  • 19 April: Tender for pre-filling of Koyambedu depot has been awarded to Tantia Construction Limited for 205.2 million.
  • 22 June: Tenders for 10 elevated stations have been awarded. 5 stations in - Koyambedu, CMBT, Arumbakkam, Vadapalani and Ashok Nagar/K.K Nagar as 1 package at a cost of 1395.4 million and another 5 in Little Mount, Guindy, Alandur, O.T.A., and SIDCO as another package at a cost of 949.9 million have been awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium Limited.[23][24]
  • 29 June: Works on Underground sections, underground stations, signaling and telecom, tracks, OHE, etc. would begin before the end of 2010-2011 financial year.
  • 2 August: Rolling stock tenders have been awarded to Alstom Transport S.A & Alstom Projects India Ltd consortium at a cost of INR 14713 million. 42 train-sets of 4-car configuration (168 coaches) is to be procured. The first delivery of cars is expected to reach by end of 2012. The train sets will be equipped with air-conditioned interiors, electrically operated automatic sliding doors, regenerative braking system.[25][26]
  • 19 August: Phase-I extension will have 2.3 km underground and 6.6 km elevated with 7 stations.[27]
  • 30 October: Metro rail extension to Tambaram would be considered.[28]
  • 2 November: Depot work for Phase I has been awarded to L&T.[29][30]

2011

  • 21 January: Rs449.22-crore contract for design and construction of track works was awarded to a joint venture of L&T and Alstom.[31] Rs.1.98 billion contract for supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts Pvt. Limited and SJEC Corporation (China).[32]
  • 1 February: Transtonnelstroy-AFCONS JV bags two contracts for underground sections with value of Rs15.67 billion and Rs10.31 billion respectively. A joint venture of city-based Metro Tunnelling and L&T SUCG bagged the Rs705.75-crore contract to design and build three underground stations and associated tunnels from Nehru Park to Pachaiyappa's College.[33]
  • 2 February: OJSC Mosmetrostroy-Gammon India JV has been awarded two underground packages for a value of INR 9328.8 million and INR 10474.2 million.[34]
  • 22 February: Contract for power supply and overhead electrification (OHE) was awarded to Siemens AG of Germany and Siemens Ltd India Consortium for Rs3.05 billion.[35]
  • 3 March: Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) system design-and-build contract to Nippon Signal Co Ltd for 1098.8 million.
  • 7 March: The contract for tunnel ventilation system (design and build) was awarded to Emirates Trading Agency LLC, Dubai and ETA Engineering Private Limited, India donsortium for Rs.2418.3 million. Underground stations air conditioning system contract was awarded to Voltas ltd for Rs.1962.0 million.
  • 10 August: Contract for Construction of Elevated Station at Meenambakkam, Viaduct and Cut - Cover Tunnel between OTA Station and Chennai Airport Station was awarded to Lanco Infratech Limited for 1789.4 million.
  • 12 September: Work on ‘double-decker’ structure at Arcot Road–100-ft Road at Vadapalani begins. The 4-lane flyover below the Metro will be 700-m long and 18.6-m wide, with 7.5-m wide service roads and 2.5-m wide drainage-cum-footpath on either side.[36]

2012

  • 22 March:The complex engineering of the Chennai Metro Rail construction.[37]
  • 7 April: The Madras High Court dismisses a petition filed by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage challenging the demolition of the rear section of the P. Orr and Sons building on Anna Salai.[38]
  • 10 September:The erection of electrical masts on elevated viaduct between Vadapalani and Koyambedu was started. 30 Masts were erected at the site and further erection is going on. In the elevated viaduct, flexible overhead catenary system is adopted.
  • 24 September: The track works for about 3.5 km between Vadapalani and CMBT stations have been completed. About 2.6 km has been handed over for other system works such as OHE Erection etc.[39]
  • 4 October:Walls are being built below the surface at all underground station sites, including Mannadi, near the high court and Chennai Central, in Egmore, at Government Estate, near LIC, in Thousand Lights, near Gemini Flyover, Teynampet, Chamiers Road, Kilpauk Medical College & Hospital, Pachaiyappa’s College, Anna Nagar Tower, in Anna Nagar East and Thirumangalam.[39]
  • 6 October:A total of 11 TBMs have been commissioned to bore tunnels along the underground stretch. The first TBM, launched in July, has readied a nearly 100-metre-long tunnel and the second machine will be launched within a fortnight. A total of three TBMs are currently stationed at the May Day Park, Chintadripet. Two Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs), just arrived from China, will soon begin boring an underground path from Saidapet to Gemini.[39]
  • 18 October:Eight cars shells required for the first two trains is completed and further fitment of cables, pipes, panels and equipments are progressing well in Alstom factory located in São Paulo, Brazil. Mock up model of the passenger saloon and cab is completed in Brazil. The saloon mockup is shipped from Brazil and is expected to reach Chennai by the end of November 2012.[39]
  • 4 December:The first model coach of Chennai Metro Rail that was manufactured in Brazil arrived in the city.[39]

2013

  • 6 November:The test run of the Chennai Metro Rail was flagged off by the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa. The four-coach train made a small trip of one km along the test track in Koyambedu on Wednesday.[40]

Design

The lines of Chennai Metro are double-tracked ones. The average height of the tracks will be 12 m, which increases at two points, namely, above the Vadapalani flyover where it reaches about 18 m and over the Kathipara grade separator where the height reaches a maximum of about 25 m. The underground stretch will run at a depth of 17 m below the street level. The Metro corridor accommodates a complex structure over the Kathipara grade separator. Technically called the balanced cantilever, it is a bridge-like structure at a height of about 25 m above the street, connecting the Metro corridor on both sides of the grade separator.[41]

Lines and routes

As part of the first phase, two metro lines are currently under construction.

Schematic diagram of Chennai Metro lines
Line Termini Opening Date Length
(km) 		Underground
(km) 		Underground
stations 		Elevated
stations 		Rakes # of Coaches Interchange
Line 1 Washermanpet Chennai International Airport 2014 23.1 14.3 11 6 23 92 Suburban, MRTS, 2
Line 1 Extension Wimco Nagar Washermanpet 2015 9 2.3 1 6 North, West North, West South
Line 2 Chennai Central St. Thomas Mount 2014 22 9.7 9 8 23 92 Suburban, MRTS, 1

Line 1 is intended to cover the Anna Salai stretch and corridor 2 is intended to cover Poonamallee High Road and Inner Ring Road.

  • Line 1 is being extended from Washermapet to Thiruvottiyur as it was originally planned. A detailed investigation is being undertaken by the announcement of Governor of Tamil Nadu.[42]
  • DMRC conducts soil tests in Thiruvottiyur areas for Metro extension.

The Metro rail tracks are ballast less and the track work comprises 109 route km, including 15 route km inside the Koyambedu depot.[43]

Line 1

Underground stations (12): Sathiyamoorthy Nagar, Tiruvottiyur, Washermanpet, Mannadi, High Court, Chennai Central, Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, LIC, Thousand Lights, Gemini, Teynampet, and Saidapet

Elevated stations (6): Little Mount, Guindy, Alandur, Officer's Training Academy, Meenambakkam and Chennai International Airport.

Line 2

Underground stations (9): Chennai Central (Interchange), Egmore, Nehru Park, Kilpauk Medical College, Pachaiyappa's College, Shenoy Nagar, Anna Nagar East, Anna Nagar Tower and Tirumangalam.

Elevated stations (8): Koyambedu, CMBT, Arumbakkam, Vadapalani, Ashok Nagar-KK Nagar, SIDCO, Alandur (Interchange) and St. Thomas Mount (Parangimalai)

Rolling stock

Alstom won its first metro rolling stock contract in India to supply 168 cars and 16 additional metro cars to Chennai Metro for €243 million.[44] Alstom will supply Chennai metro's public operator with 42 train-sets composed of four cars each. Each coach costs CMRL Rs.90 million.[39] The stainless steel trains will feature air-conditioned interiors and electrically operated automatic sliding doors, offering comfort and easy access to passengers. They will be equipped with a regenerative braking system ensuring significant energy savings. The cars will operate on 25 KV AC through an overhead catenary system at speeds of up to 80 km/h.[45] The first coach from Alstom Transport for the Chennai Metro Rail project is expected to be launched from the Sri City Special Economic Zone by April 2013. Alstom Transport has set up a metro car manufacturing unit at Sri City SEZ at Tada, Andhra Pradesh, about 90 km from Chennai.[46]

File:Chennai metro train front.jpg
Chennai metro train front view
File:Chennai metro train side.jpg
Chennai metro train side view
File:Chennai metro train interior.jpg
Chennai metro train coach interior look

The initial frequency will be every 4.5 minutes in peak hours and every 15 minutes in lean hours, when the Metro Rail is inaugurated.[47] CMRL is planning to increase the frequency to one train every 2.5 minutes once footfalls reach 600,000 passengers a day.[48] The train will have an average speed of 34 km per hour and will halt at every station for about 30 seconds.

The first 9 trains will be made in Lapa, São Paulo, Brazil[44] and the remainder will be made in Sri City.[49]

Each 4-car train will have a carrying capacity of 1,276 people and each 6-car train can carry 1,580 people. A single trip in a 4-car train is equivalent to a ride in 16 buses, 300 cars, and 600 two-wheelers. By 2016, the number of passengers using the service during peak hours is expected to be around 24,968 in corridor I and 24,324 in corridor II.[47]

The first class car will have 14 seats while each normal car will have 44 seats.[49] Dubai Metro also has gold class compartment where the tickets cost twice as much as normal cars.

Fares

Upon its opening, the Chennai Metro is slated to adopt a fare based ticketing structure. The following table is an approximate table for what the preliminary fare scheme will be:

Distance (km) Metro Fare ()
0 - 2 8.00
2 - 4 10.00
4 - 6 11.00
6 - 9 14.00
9 - 12 15.00
12 - 15 17.00
15 - 18 18.00
18 - 21 19.00
21 - 24 20.00
24 - 27 22.00
>27 23.00

The first car in each train will be first class with tickets costing twice as much as the second class tickets.[49]

Stations

A total of 41 stations have been planned along the two lines. As many as 19 stations are underground and 12 are elevated. Of these, the Chennai Central (underground) and Alandur (elevated) are common for both the corridors and serve as interchange stations.

All metro stations are being constructed as disabled friendly and elderly friendly, with automatic fare collection system, automatic announcement system, electronic information display boards, escalators, lifts, and toilets. Elevated stations will have shopping malls and parking space, with additional space for future growth. Wi-Fi facility is also being planned at some of the stations. Underground stations will be air-conditioned and will have boosters to amp up cellphone signals within the premises.[50]

Underground stations will have two levels, namely, a platform level and a concourse level. A mezzazine (additional level) in between the two has been planned where the depth of the station is greater. Platform level of the stations will have space for the commuters to assemble during normal operations, delays and emergency situation. The concourse level will be divided into paid and unpaid area and will also house an automatic fare collection system. The unpaid area provides the commuters with facilities such as access to the station, travel information and tickets counters. Automatic ticket gates with scanners provide access to the platforms, which is a common feature at underground and elevated stations.[50]

The elevated stations will have three levels, namely, street, concourse and platform. Street level of the stations will have entry and exit, service rooms for diesel generators and transformers. Concourse level of the stations will be over 5.65 metres above the street level and will have station control room, ticketing counters, ticket gates. The platform for boarding trains will be around 12.6 meters above the street level.[50]

Of the stations, Chennai Central, spread over 70,000 sq m, will be the largest, followed by St. Thomas Mount, Shenoy Nagar, Gemini and Washermenpet. SIDCO station in Guindy will be the smallest.[50] The Chennai Central metro station is being constructed at a depth of 25 metres[51] and will serve as a nerve centre since the both the corridors of the Metro Rail project converge in the station. St. Thomas Mount station, where MRTS and suburban lines meet, will be the second largest metro station in the city, where metro line and MRTS line will meet at two levels. A separate pathway is being provided for commuters from suburban railway station to walk into the Metro-MRTS station complex.[50]

Parking facilities will be available only in some of the stations, including Chennai Central, Chennai Airport, Alandur, and Washermenpet, while others may not have parking provision due to lack of space.[47]

More Information visit: www.chennaimetrorail.gov.in

Proposed connections

The metro system will provide connections with various other transportation modes in the city. They are listed below at the proposed station site:

The CMRL also planned to construct a 400-metre long flyover along Inner Ring Road, Chennai at the junction of Arcot Road in Vadapalani on either side of the metro viaduct.[52][53][54]

New Batch CHENNAI METRO RAIL LIMITED NEW BATCH LIST JOIN IN 06.01.2014 send to conformation copy in send of all of freshers,

Future expansion

Phase II


Three lines covering a distance of 63 kilometres [55] have been proposed in the second phase of the network. A detailed project report is to be prepared in a year regarding feasibility of the proposed lines.[56][57][58]

Line 3

Line 3 is envisioned to be a 19 kilometre route with 15 stations from Moolakadai to Thiruvanmiyur. Stations are currently planned at: Moolakadai, Madhavaram, Retteri Junction, Villivakkam Railway Station, Periyar Nagar Bus Terminus, Venus, Perambur, Aynavaram Bus Terminus, Kellys, Purasaiwalkam, KMC Hospital, Egmore, Thousand Lights, Mylapore and Thiruvanmiyur.

This is not yet Confirmed.

Line 4

Line 4 is envisioned to be a 22 kilometre route with 8 stations from Moolakadai to Thirumangalam Junction. Stations are currently planned at: Moolakadai,Vinayagapuram/Teachers Colony, Surapet, Redhills, Ambattur OT, Maduravoyil Junction,MMM Hospital and Thirumangalam Junction

Line 5

Line 5 is also envisioned to be a 22 kilometre route with 8 stations from Mylapore to Poonamallee. Stations are currently planned at: Mylapore, Luz, Teynampet, T Nagar, Vadapalani, Saligramam, Iyyapanthangal and Poonamallee

Takeover of MRTS

The MRTS, operated by Southern Railway, is proposed to be taken over by the CMRL thereby bringing all the elevated tracks and underground tracks inside the city under one organization. The Chennai MRTS is a well executed project and is a fully public service oriented enterprise at present. After the merger, it is proposed to replace the current EMUs in the MRTS with air-conditioned coaches with automatic doors.[59]

Tambaram extension

The Government of Tamil Nadu is considering an extension of the metro lines to Tamabaram,[28] after many demands.[60]

Parks taken over for construction

As of 2011, four urban parks in the city has been taken over by CMRL for construction-related activities. These have been closed to the public since then. They include Corporation parks at Ashok Nagar, Thiru-Vi-Ka Park in Shenoy Nagar, Nehru Park on Poonamallee High Road, and May Day Park in Chintadripet. At the Ashok Nagar Park, the pillars of the elevated corridor would come up on the edge of the park to provide sufficient turning radius.[61]

Upon completion of the construction work, all the four parks will be renovated at a cost of ₹20 million.[61]

Accidents and incidents

During construction

  • In August 2012, a construction worker was killed and six others were seriously injured due to a crane boom failure near Pachaiyappa's College.[62]
  • On 10 January 2013, a 22-year-old construction worker was killed and three others were injured at a Metro Rail site on Railway Station Road between Alandur and St. Thomas Mount at around 3:45 am.[62]
  • Chennai Metro Rail work in progress near the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly-secretariat complex
    Chennai Metro Rail work in progress near the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly-secretariat complex
  • Constructed Metro rail bridge as seen early in the morning near the Spic House
    Constructed Metro rail bridge as seen early in the morning near the Spic House
  • Barricade showing CMRL and Soma
    Barricade showing CMRL and Soma
  • Viaduct work by SOMA. Date 6 July 2011
    Viaduct work by SOMA. Date 6 July 2011
  • Viaduct work by L&T. Date 5 July 2011
    Viaduct work by L&T. Date 5 July 2011
  • Viaduct work by L&T. Date 5 July 2011
    Viaduct work by L&T. Date 5 July 2011
  • Metro work in Progress in Guindy Chennai. Date 14 June 2012
    Metro work in Progress in Guindy Chennai. Date 14 June 2012

See also

References

  1. ^ "Home Page of Chennai Metro Rail Limited". Chennaimetrorail.gov.in. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  2. ^ "Apurva Varma, new Home Secretary; Pankaj Kumar Bansal, New MD, Chennai Metro Rail". The Hindu. 24 December 2013.
  3. ^ "Front Page : Big plans for transport infrastructure for Chennai". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 28 February 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  4. ^ A. Srivathsan (18 July 2010). "Cities / Chennai : Metro Rail along ECR deferred". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  5. ^ Sreevatsan, Ajai (11 January 2011). "Focus on Metro Rail's place in transportation grid". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  6. ^ "Metro Rail project work suspended". 10 August 2012.
  7. ^ "Chennai Metro back on track". Hinduonnet.com. 22 August 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  8. ^ "Chennai metro project cost likely to rise 23%". Sify.com. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  9. ^ "Cost of Track & Station". Times of India. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  10. ^ TNN, 16 April 2008, 09.00am IST (16 April 2008). "Center nod for Metro Rail in Chennai". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 20 August 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Home Page of Chennai Metro Rail Limited". Chennaimetrorail.gov.in. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  12. ^ "Soma Enterprise bags Chennai Metro Rail order". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  13. ^ Egis Rail India (10 March 2009). "USD 30 million contract by CMRL". The Times Of India. Retrieved 10 March 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : Ball set rolling on Vadapalani flyover". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 20 May 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  15. ^ [1][dead link]
  16. ^ "Chennai Metro to invite bids for passenger EMUs". Projectstoday.com. 25 July 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  17. ^ "CMRL invites bids for construction of elevated viaducts". Projectstoday.com. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  18. ^ [2][dead link]
  19. ^ "The Hindu Business Line : L&T bags two Chennai Metro Rail tenders". Blonnet.com. 29 January 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  20. ^ "Chennai". Times Chennai. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  21. ^ PTI, 29 Mar 2010, 01.19pm IST (29 March 2010). "Japan commits Rs10535cr towards six infra projects in India - India - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 16 August 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Special Correspondent (29 March 2010). "The Hindu : Business News : Japan credit for six infrastructure projects". Chennai, India: Beta.thehindu.com. Retrieved 16 August 2010. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  23. ^ TNN, 29 June 2010, 01.25am IST (29 June 2010). "Elevated metro stations to come up at 10 places - Chennai - City - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 16 August 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Special Correspondent (29 June 2010). "Cities / Chennai : Tenders awarded for 10 Metro Rail stations". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 16 August 2010. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  25. ^ Financial Express (11 September 2010). "Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro". Retrieved 18 September 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Alstom Transport (9 September 2010). "First Metro Rolling Stock contract in India". Retrieved 18 September 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Ajai Sreevatsan (19 August 2010). "Cities / Chennai : Metro Rail set to be extended to Tiruvottiyur". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  28. ^ a b "Government to consider extension of Metro Rail". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 30 October 2010.
  29. ^ [3][dead link]
  30. ^ 15 Dec 2010, 09.36PM IST,PTI (15 December 2010). "L&T awarded construction of Metro Rail depot works - The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 3 March 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ L&T, Alstom venture bags Chennai Metro project : http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2011/01/22/stories/2011012251870200.htm
  32. ^ Metro Rail awards contract for lifts : http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article1147579.ece
  33. ^ Two firms bag 12 underground tunnels & stations work : http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Two-firms-bag-12-underground-tunnels-stations-work/articleshow/7381968.cms
  34. ^ Gammon India bags two Chennai Metro orders worth Rs19.47 billion http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/indl-goods-/-svs/construction/gammon-india-bags-two-chennai-metro-orders-worth-rs-1947-cr/articleshow/7555112.cms
  35. ^ Siemens wins power supply contract for Chennai metro : http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/siemens-wins-power-supply-contract-for-chennai-metro/426153/
  36. ^ Work on ‘double-decker’ structure at Arcot Road: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2448588.ece
  37. ^ "Metro dips under historic Cooum". The Times Of India. 22 March 2012.
  38. ^ Sangameswaran, K. T. (5 April 2012). "Plea against razing part of heritage building for Metro Rail dismissed". Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  39. ^ a b c d e f "Chennai Metro Rail". 24 September 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2012. Cite error: The named reference "Facebook Official CMRL Page" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  40. ^ "Chennai Metro Rail Test Run". 6 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  41. ^ Srinivasan, Meera (3 February 2013). "Countdown to Chennai Metro begins". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 3 February 2013. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  42. ^ "Front Page : Metro Rail may cover Tiruvottiyur". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  43. ^ "Koyambedu-St Thomas Mount metro line by July next year". The Times of India. Chennai: The Times Group. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  44. ^ a b [4]
  45. ^ "Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro for €243 million (approx. INR 1470 crore)".
  46. ^ "First coach for Chennai Metro by April 2013: Alstom Transport".
  47. ^ a b c "Single train trip to equal 16 buses, 300 cars and 600 bikes". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  48. ^ Soman, Sandhya (26 July 2012). "Metro rail plans to ply a train every 2.5 minutes". The Times of India. Chennai: The Times Group. Retrieved 9 November 2012. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  49. ^ a b c [5]
  50. ^ a b c d e "Chennai Central to be biggest metro station". Magic Bricks.com. Chennai: MagicBricks.com. 30 August 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2012. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  51. ^ "Metro rail seals fate of shops near Central". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. 22 July 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  52. ^ V, Ayyapan (16 February 2010). "Metro Rail to build flyover at Vadapalani". Chennai: The Times of India. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  53. ^ "Flyover planned at Arcot Rd jn to ease traffic congestion". Chennai: The Times of India. 29 October 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2012. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  54. ^ Meera Srinivasan, Deepa H. Ramakrishnan (15 May 2012). "Metro, flyover merger at Vadapalani hits road bump". Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  55. ^ "Front Page : Metro Rail may begin run by 2013: Stalin". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 29 January 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  56. ^ "Article Window". Epaper.timesofindia.com. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  57. ^ "Article Window". Epaper.timesofindia.com. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  58. ^ "Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : New Metro Rail routes announced". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 8 January 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  59. ^ Ajai Sreevatsan (6 August 2010). "Cities / Chennai : Metro Rail may take over MRTS". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  60. ^ 16 August 2010 DC Correspondent. "Baalu for extension of Metro to Tambaram | Deccan Chronicle | 2010-08-16". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 16 August 2010. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  61. ^ a b Sreevatsan, Ajai (17 May 2011). "Another park taken over for Metro Rail". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 12 May 2013. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  62. ^ a b Manikandan, K. (10 January 2013). "Girder crash kills worker at Chennai Metro Rail site". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 10 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chennai Metro.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chennai_Metro&oldid=588642200"