97th United States Congress: Difference between revisions
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress] |
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* [http://clerk.house.gov/histHigh/Congressional_History/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601013451/http://clerk.house.gov/histHigh/Congressional_History/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History] |
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* [http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists] |
* [http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists] |
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* {{cite book |title=House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 97th Congress |url= http://library.clerk.house.gov/reference-files/House_Calendar_97th_Congress.pdf#page=1 }} |
* {{cite book |title=House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 97th Congress |url= http://library.clerk.house.gov/reference-files/House_Calendar_97th_Congress.pdf#page=1 }} |
Revision as of 15:45, 30 September 2016
97th United States Congress | |
---|---|
96th โ โ 98th | |
![]() | |
January 3, 1981 โ January 3, 1983 | |
Members | 100 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates |
Senate majority | Republican |
Senate President | Walter Mondale (D) until Jan. 20, 1981 George Bush (R) from Jan. 20, 1981 |
House majority | Democratic |
House Speaker | Tip O'Neill (D) |
Sessions | |
1st: January 5, 1981 โ December 16, 1981 2nd: January 25, 1982 โ December 23, 1982 |
The Ninety-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1981 to January 3, 1983, during the final weeks of Jimmy Carter's presidency and the first two years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. The House of Representatives had a Democratic majority. The Republicans gained control of the Senate, the first time that Republicans gained control of any chamber of Congress since 1953.
Major events
- Early 1980s recession
- January 20, 1981 โ Inauguration of President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George Bush
- January 20, 1981 โ Iran hostage crisis ended
- March 30, 1981 โ Reagan assassination attempt
- April 12, 1981 โ First space shuttle launched
- June 5, 1981 โ First recognized case of AIDS
- August 5, 1981 โ President Reagan fired the air traffic controllers
- September 21, 1981 โ Senate confirmed the first female United States Supreme Court justice, Sandra Day O'Connor
- November 2, 1982 โ United States general elections: Republicans retained Senate; Democrats increased control in House
Major legislation
- August 13, 1981 โ Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA or Kemp-Roth Tax Cut), Pub. L. 97โ34, 95 Stat. 172
- August 13, 1981 โ Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97โ35, 95 Stat. 357
- September 3, 1982 โ Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97โ248, 96 Stat. 324
- September 8, 1982 - Uniformed Services Former Spouses Protection Act USFSPA, Pub. L. 97โ252, 96 Stat. 730
- September 20, 1982 โ Bus Regulatory Reform Act, Pub. L. 97โ261, 96 Stat. 1102
- October 13, 1982 โ Job Training Partnership Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97โ300, 96 Stat. 1322
- October 15, 1982 โ GarnโSt. Germain Depository Institutions Act, Pub. L. 97โ320, 96 Stat. 1469
- January 6, 1983 โ Surface Transportation Assistance Act, Pub. L. 97โ424, 96 Stat. 2140
- January 7, 1983 โ Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Pub. L. 97โ425, 96 Stat. 2201
Constitutional amendments
- June 30, 1982 โ Potential ratification of Equal Rights Amendment expired
Special or select committees
- Senate Select Committee on Small Business โ Became a standing committee on March 25, 1981
- Senate Select Committee on Law Enforcement Undercover Activities of the Justice Department โ March 24, 1982 - December 15, 1982
Party summary
Senate
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/097senate.svg/220px-097senate.svg.png)
Affiliation | Members | Republican Party | 53 | Democratic Party | 46 | Independent | 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 100 |
House of Representatives
Affiliation | Members | Voting share |
Democratic Party | 244 | 56.1% | Republican Party | 191 | 43.9% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 435 |
Leadership
Senate
- President of the Senate: Walter Mondale (D), until January 20, 1981
- George Bush (R), from January 20, 1981
- President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/97_us_house_membership.png/320px-97_us_house_membership.png)
House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
---|---|
>80% Republican | >80% Democratic |
>60% Republican | >60% Democratic |
>50% Republican | >50% Democratic |
(Striped): even split |
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
Caucuses
- Congressional Arts Caucus
- Congressional Black Caucus
- Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
- Congresswomen's Caucus
- House Democratic Caucus
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.
House of Representatives
Members of the House of Representatives are listed by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
Senate
There were 2 resignations.
Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate
|-
| nowrap | New Jersey
(Class 1)
| style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Harrison A. Williams
(D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 11, 1982 before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in the Abscam sting operation. His successor was appointed to complete the term.
| style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Nicholas F. Brady
(R)
| April 27, 1982
|-
| nowrap | New Jersey
(Class 1)
| style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Nicholas F. Brady
(R)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 27, 1982 so his elected successor could be appointed for preferential seniority.
| style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Frank Lautenberg
(D)
| December 27, 1982
|}
House of Representatives
There were 4 deaths, 4 resignations, one declared vacancy, and one party change.
Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep
|- | Michigan 4th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | David Stockman (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 27, 1981 after being appointed Director of the Office of Management and Budget | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Mark D. Siljander (R) | April 21, 1981 |- | Maryland 5th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Gladys Spellman (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Incapacitated since last Congress and seat declared vacant February 24, 1981 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Steny H. Hoyer (D) | May 19, 1981 |- | Ohio 4th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Tennyson Guyer (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 12, 1981 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Mike Oxley (R) | June 25, 1981 |- | Mississippi 4th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Jon Hinson (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 13, 1981 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Wayne Dowdy (D) | July 7, 1981 |- | Pennsylvania 3rd | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Raymond F. Lederer (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 29, 1981, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in the Abscam sting operation | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Joseph F. Smith (D) | July 21, 1981 |- | Connecticut 1st | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | William R. Cotter (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 7, 1981 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Barbara B. Kennelly (D) | January 12, 1982 |- | Pennsylvania 25th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Eugene Atkinson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Changed parties October 14, 1981 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Eugene Atkinson (R) | October 14, 1981 |- | California 30th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | George E. Danielson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 9, 1982 after being appointed associate justice of the California Courts of Appeal | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Matthew G. Martรญnez (D) | July 13, 1982 |- | Ohio 17th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | John M. Ashbrook (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 24, 1982 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Jean Spencer Ashbrook (R) | June 29, 1982 |- | Indiana 1st | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Adam Benjamin, Jr. (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 7, 1982 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Katie B. Hall (D) | November 2, 1982 |}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Aging (Special)
- Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
- Soil and Water Conservation
- Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrification
- Agricultural Production, Marketing and Stabilization of Prices
- Agricultural Research and General Legislation
- Rural Development, Oversight and Investigations
- Foreign Agricultural Policy
- Nutrition
- Foreign, Water Resources and Environment
- Appropriations
- Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- State, Justice, Commerce and Judiciary
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
- Budget
- Commerce, Science and Transportation
- Energy and Natural Resources
- Environment and Public Works
- Ethics (Select)
- Finance
- Taxation and Debt Management
- International Trade
- Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy
- Economic Growth, Employment and Revenue
- Energy and Foundations
- Private Pension Plans and Employee Fringe Benefits
- Tourism and Sugar
- Public Assistance
- Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service
- Unemployment and Related Programs
- Revenue Sharing, Ingovernmental Revenue Impact and Economic Problems
- Foreign Relations
- International Economic Policy
- Arms Control, Oceans, International Operations and Environment
- Western Hemisphere Affairs
- East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- European Affairs
- International Economic Policy
- African Affairs
- Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- Arms Control, Oceans, International Operations and Environment
- Governmental Affairs
- Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
- Intergovernmental Relations
- Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia
- Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services
- Federal Expenditures, Research and Rules
- Civil Service, Post Office and General Services
- Oversight of Government Management
- Congressional Operations and Oversight
- Indian Affairs (Select)
- Judiciary
- Intelligence (Select)
- Labor and Human Resources
- Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)
- Rules and Administration
- Small Business
- Veterans' Affairs
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Aging (Select)
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Power
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health and Human Services
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services
- Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
- Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
- Housing and Community Development
- General Oversight and Renegotiation
- Consumer Affairs and Coinage
- International Development Institutions and Finance
- Domestic Monetary Policy
- International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy
- Economic Stabilization
- Budget
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Energy and Commerce
- Foreign Affairs
- Government Operations
- House Administration
- Insular Affairs
- Judiciary
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works and Transportation
- Rules
- Science and Technology
- Small Business
- SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems
- General Oversight
- Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business
- Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business
- Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities
- Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Veterans' Affairs
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint appointments
Employees and legislative agency directors
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary
- Comptroller General of the United States: Elmer B. Staats (until March 3), Charles A. Bowsher (starting date unknown in 1981)
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Alice M. Rivlin
- Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
- Public Printer of the United States: Danford L. Sawyer, Jr.
Senate
- Chaplain: Edward L.R. Elson (until February 9, 1981), Richard C. Halverson (starting February 9, 1981)
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Robert Dove
- Secretary: J. Stanley Kimmitt (until January 4, 1981), W.F. Hildenbrand (starting January 4, 1981)
- Sergeant at Arms: Frank Hoffmann (until January 4, 1981), Howard S. Liebengood (starting January 4, 1981)
- Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene, Jr.
- Secretary for the Minority: Walter J. Stewart
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: James D. Ford
- Clerk: Edmund L. Henshaw, Jr.
- Doorkeeper: James T. Malloy
- Parliamentarian: William Holmes Brown
- Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
- Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives: Meg Goetz
- Sergeant at Arms: Benjamin J. Guthrie
See also
- United States elections, 1980 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1982 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 97th Congress (PDF).
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 97th Congress.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 97th Congress.