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95th United States Congress

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95th United States Congress
94th ←
→ 96th
United States Capitol
January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1979
Members100 senators
435 representatives
5 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentNelson Rockefeller (R)
until January 20, 1977
Walter Mondale (D)
from January 20, 1977
House majorityDemocratic
House SpeakerTip O'Neill (D)
Sessions
1st: January 4, 1977 – December 15, 1977
2nd: January 19, 1978 – October 15, 1978

The Ninety-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1977, to January 3, 1979, during the final weeks of the administration of U.S. President Gerald Ford and the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. Both chambers had a Democratic majority. It was the first time either party held a filibuster-proof 60% super majority in both the Senate and House chambers since the 89th United States Congress in 1965, and last time until the 111th United States Congress in 2009. All three super majorities were Democratic party and also were accompanied by Democratic Presidents.[1] As of 2024, this is the most recent Congress to approve an amendment (the unratified District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment) to the Constitution.

Major events

Main articles: 1977 in the United States, 1978 in the United States, and 1979 in the United States

Hearings

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1901-2001 § 95th United States Congress

Constitutional amendments

See also: List of amendments to the United States Constitution

Treaties ratified

  • March 16, 1978: First of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties (Panama Canal) treaty: "The Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal," commonly known as the "Neutrality Treaty"
  • April 19, 1978: Second of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties treaty, commonly known as "The Panama Canal Treaty"

Party summary

Senate

Party standings on the opening day of the 95th Congress
  61 Democratic Senators
  1 Independent Senator, caucusing with Democrats
  38 Republican Senators
Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Conservative
(C) 		Democratic
(D)		Independent
(I)		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 1 60 1 38 100 0
Begin 0 61 1 38 100 0
End 58 41
Final voting share 0.0% 58.0% 1.0% 41.0%
Beginning of next congress 0 58 1 41 100 0

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 287 146 433 2
Begin 292 143 435 0
End 275 141 41619
Final voting share 66.1% 33.9%
Beginning of next congress 276 157 433 2

Leadership

Senate

Senate President
Nelson Rockefeller
Nelson Rockefeller (R),
until January 20, 1977
Walter Mondale
Walter Mondale (D),
from January 20, 1977

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Caucuses

Members

Senate

In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1978; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1980; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1982.

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives elected statewide at-large, are preceded by "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

See also: Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives and Category:United States congressional delegations by state

Changes in Membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
  • replacements: 11
  • deaths: 4
  • resignations: 5
  • vacancy:
  • Total seats with changes: 9

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | nowrap | Arkansas
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | John L. McClellan
(D) | Died November 28, 1977.
Successor appointed to finish the term. | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Kaneaster Hodges Jr.
(D) | December 10, 1977

|- | nowrap | Montana
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Lee Metcalf
(D) | Died January 12, 1978.
Successor appointed to finish the term. | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Paul G. Hatfield
(D) | January 22, 1978

|- | nowrap | Minnesota
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Hubert Humphrey
(DFL) | Died January 13, 1978.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Muriel Humphrey
(D) | January 25, 1978

|- | nowrap | Alabama
(3) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | James Allen
(D) | Died June 1, 1978.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Maryon Pittman Allen
(D) | June 8, 1978

|- | nowrap | Alabama
(3) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Maryon Pittman Allen
(D) | Appointee lost special election.
Successor elected November 7, 1978. | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Donald Stewart
(D) | November 7, 1978

|- | nowrap | Minnesota
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Muriel Humphrey
(DFL) | Appointee retired when successor qualified.
Successor elected November 7, 1978. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | David Durenberger
(R) | November 8, 1978

|- | nowrap | Montana
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Paul G. Hatfield
(D) | Lost nomination to the next term.
Resigned early December 12, 1978.
Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term. | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Max Baucus
(D) | December 15, 1978

|- | nowrap | Kansas
(2) | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | James B. Pearson
(R) | Resigned December 23, 1978.
Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Nancy Kassebaum
(R) | December 23, 1978

|- | nowrap | Mississippi
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | James Eastland
(D) | Resigned December 27, 1978.
Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Thad Cochran
(R) | December 27, 1978

|- | nowrap | Minnesota
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Wendell R. Anderson
(DFL) | Resigned December 29, 1978.
Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Rudy Boschwitz
(R) | December 30, 1978

|- | nowrap | Wyoming
(2) | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Clifford Hansen
(R) | Resigned December 31, 1978.
Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Alan Simpson
(R) | January 1, 1979

|- | nowrap | Virginia
(2) | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | William L. Scott
(R) | Resigned January 1, 1979.
Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | John Warner
(R) | January 2, 1979

|}

House of Representatives

  • replacements: 6
  • deaths: 6
  • resignations: 21
  • contested election:
  • Total seats with changes: 25


See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep |- | Minnesota 7th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Robert Bergland (DFL) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Agriculture | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Arlan Stangeland (R) | February 22, 1977 |- | Washington 7th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Brock Adams (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Transportation | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | John E. Cunningham (R) | May 17, 1977 |- | Georgia 5th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Andrew Young (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 29, 1977, after being appointed United States Ambassador to the United Nations | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Wyche Fowler (D) | April 6, 1977 |- | Louisiana 1st | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Richard Alvin Tonry (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Forced to resign May 4, 1977 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Bob Livingston (R) | August 27, 1977 |- | New York 18th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Ed Koch (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1977, after being elected Mayor of New York City | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Bill Green (R) | February 14, 1978 |- | New York 21st | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Herman Badillo (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1977, after becoming Deputy Mayor of New York City. Elected on the Republican and Liberal tickets on February 14th, but officially took office as a Democrat after being accepted by the caucus on February 21st. | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Robert Garcia (D) | February 21, 1978 |- | Tennessee 5th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Clifford Allen (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 18, 1978 | rowspan=19 |Vacant | rowspan=19 |Not filled this term |- | California 18th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | William M. Ketchum (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 24, 1978 |- | Illinois 1st | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Ralph Metcalfe (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 10, 1978 |- | Maryland 6th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Goodloe Byron (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 11, 1978 |- | California 11th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Leo Ryan (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Murdered by members of the Peoples Temple at the Guyana Airport November 18, 1978, shortly before the Jonestown Massacre |- | Wisconsin 6th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | William A. Steiger (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 4, 1978 |- | Montana 1st | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Max Baucus (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 14, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate |- | Mississippi 4th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Thad Cochran (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 26, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate |- | Wyoming At-large | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Teno Roncalio (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 30, 1978 |- | California 3rd | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | John E. Moss (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | California 14th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | John J. McFall (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | California 33rd | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Del M. Clawson (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | Kansas 5th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Joe Skubitz (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | Michigan 10th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" nowrap | Elford Albin Cederberg (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | New Jersey 14th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Joseph A. LeFante (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | New York 9th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | James J. Delaney (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | Texas 6th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Olin E. Teague (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | Texas 11th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | William R. Poage (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |- | Texas 17th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" nowrap | Omar Burleson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1978 |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (2 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  1. ^ "Court declares Franken the winner of Minnesota Senate race". CNN. June 30, 2009.
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