Jump to content

Shanghai Metro

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Jc.Sun1998 (talk | contribs) at 03:32, 1 December 2016 (→History). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Shanghai Metro
Overview
OwnerShanghai Municipal Government
LocaleShanghai and Kunshan, Jiangsu
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines14[note 1]
Number of stations364[note 2]
Daily ridership8.41 million (2015 avg.)[1]
11.299 million (record)[2]
Annual ridership3.068 billion (2015)[1]
Websitewww.shmetro.com
Operation
Began operationMay 28, 1993 (1993-05-28)
Operator(s)Shanghai Shentong Metro Group
Technical
System length588 km (365.4 mi)[3][note 1]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
ElectrificationDC 1500 V overhead line; (Line 16) DC 1500 V third-rail
System map

Shanghai Metro
Simplified Chinese上海轨道交通
Traditional Chinese上海軌道交通
Literal meaningShanghai Rail Transit
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShànghǎi Guǐdào Jiāotōng
Wade–GilesShang4-hai3 Kui3-tao4 Chiao1-t'ung1
Wu
Romanization[zɑ̃˨ he˦ kue˧ dɔ˥ tɕiɔ˨ tʰoŋ˨]
Commonly abbreviated as
Simplified Chinese上海地铁
Traditional Chinese上海地鐵
Literal meaningShanghai Subway
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShànghǎi Dìtiě
Wu
RomanizationZånhae dithih

The Shanghai Metro is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, China, operating urban and suburban rail transit services to 13 of its 16 municipal districts (except Fengxian, Jinshan and Chongming) and to Huaqiao Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. Opening in 1993 with full-scale construction extending back to 1986, Shanghai Metro is the third oldest rapid transit system in China, after the Beijing Subway and the Tianjin Metro. It has seen substantial growth, significantly during the years leading up to the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and is still expanding, with its most recent expansions having opened in December 2015. It is the largest component of the Shanghai metropolitan rail transit network, together with the Shanghai Maglev Train, the Zhangjiang Tram and the China Railway-operated commuter rail services to Jinshan and to Nanhui New City in Pudong. The metro system is also heavily tied with other forms of public transport in Shanghai.

Currently, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's largest rapid transit system by route length[4][5][6][7][8] and second largest by number of stations[note 2] with 14 lines[note 1] and 364 stations totaling 588 kilometres (365 mi).[9][note 1] It also ranks second in the world by annual ridership after the Beijing Subway, with 3.068 billion rides delivered in 2015.[1] The daily ridership record was set at 11.299 million on April 1, 2016,[2] while over 10 million people use the system on an average workday.[10]

On 16 October 2013, with the extension of Line 11 into Kunshan, Jiangsu province, Shanghai Metro became the first rapid transit system in China to provide cross-provincial service. Further plans to connect the Shanghai Metro with the metro systems of Suzhou and Wuxi are under active review.[11] The first line connecting Shanghai Metro Line 11 and Suzhou Metro Line 3 is projected to be completed in 2020.[12] Ambitious expansion plans call for 25 Lines with over 1,000 km of length by 2025.[13] By then, every location in the central area of Shanghai will be within 600 meters of a subway station.[14]

History

Evolution of the Shanghai Metro
  • May 28, 1993 – Southern section of Line 1 (New Longhua/Shanghai South Railway Station – Xujiahui) enters operation[15][16] (4.4 km).
  • April 10, 1995 – Line 1 (Jinjiang Park – Shanghai Railway Station; including initial section, which opened 1993) enters operation [15][16] (16.1 km).
  • December 28, 1996 – Southern extension to Line 1 (Xinzhuang – Jinjiang Park) enters operation (4.5 km).[17][18]
  • Sept 20, 1999 – Line 2 (Zhongshan Park – Longyang Road) enters operation (16.3 km).[19][20][15]
  • December 26, 2000 – The eastern extension to Line 2 (Longyang Road – Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park) (2.8 km)[21][15] and Line 3 (Shanghai South Railway Station – Jiangwan Town) (24.6 km)[15][21] open.
  • November 25, 2003 – Line 5 (Xinzhuang – Minhang) enters operation (17.2 km).[22]
  • December 28, 2004 – Northern extension to Line 1 (Shanghai Railway Station – Gongfu Xincun) enters operation (12.4 km).[23]
  • December 31, 2005 – Line 4 enters operation, except the section between Lancun Road and Damuqiao Road that was delayed due to a construction accident.[24]
  • December 18, 2006 – Northern extension to Line 3 (Jiangwan Town – North Jiangyang Road) enters operation (15.7 km).[25][15]
  • December 30, 2006 – Western extension to Line 2 (Songhong Road – Zhongshan Park) enters operation (6.15 km).[15][25]
  • December 29, 2007 – Five lines or sections enter operation on the same day:[26]
    • Second northern extension to Line 1 (Gongfu Xincun – Fujin Road) (3.4 km)[27]
    • Delayed section of Line 4 (Lancun Road – Damuqiao Road), completing the loop.[27]
    • Line 6 (Gangcheng Road – South Lingyan Road) (31.1 km)[27]
    • Line 8 (Shiguang Road – Yaohua Road)[27]
    • Line 9 (Songjiang New Town– Guilin Road)[27]
  • December 28, 2008 – Line 9 is extended from Guilin Road to Yishan Road, connecting with the rest of the metro network.[28]
  • July 5, 2009 – Southern extension to Line 8 (Yaohua Road – Shendu Highway) enters operation (14.4 km).[29]
  • December 5, 2009 – Line 7 (Shanghai University – Huamu Road) enters operation (34.4 km).[29][30]
  • December 31, 2009 – The downtown section of Line 9 (Yishan Road – Century Avenue) and[29] the first section of Line 11 (Jiangsu Road – North Jiading)[29] open.
  • February 24, 2010 – Short section of eastern extension of Line 2 (Longyang Road - Guanglan Road) enters operation. Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park station is rebuilt underground.[31]
  • March 16, 2010 – Second western extension to Line 2 (Xujing East – Songhong Road) enters operation, connecting Hongqiao Airport to the metro system.[15][31]
  • March 29, 2010 – Branch line of Line 11 (Jiading Xincheng- Anting) enters operation.[32]
  • April 8, 2010 – Eastern extension to Line 2 (Guanglan Road – Pudong International Airport) enters operation, connecting the two airports.[31][33]
  • April 10, 2010 – Line 10 (New Jiangwan City – Hangzhong Road) enters operation.[31] Shanghai Metro becomes the longest metro system in the world after 15 years of breakneck growth.[34]
  • April 20, 2010 – Expo section of Line 13 (Madang Road – Shibo Avenue) enters temporary operation.[35][36]
  • July 1, 2010 – with the opening of Hongqiao Railway Station, its metro station of the same name on Line 2 enters operation.[37]
  • November 2, 2010 – With the end of Shanghai Expo, Expo section of Line 13 suspends service, to be reopened when the rest of the line is completed.
  • November 30, 2010 – Section of Line 10 (Longxi Road – Hongqiao Railway Station) enters operation, connecting the two terminals of Hongqiao Airport.[31]
  • December 28, 2010 – The 10-km long northern extension to Line 7 (Shanghai University – Meilan Lake) enters operation.[31]
  • April 12, 2011 – Oriental Sports Center Station Opens[38][39]
  • April 26, 2011 – Line 11 East Changji Road Station opens.[38]
  • June 30, 2011 – Panguang Road and Liuhang Stations on Line 7 open.[38]
  • December 30, 2012 – The southern extension of Line 9 (Songjiang South Railway Station – Songjiang Xincheng) opens[40] and the first phase of Line 13 (Jinyun Road – Jinshajiang Road) opens as well.[40]
  • August 31, 2013 – The second phase of Line 11 (Jiangsu Road – Luoshan Road) enters operation.[41]
  • October 16, 2013 – The 6-km long branch extension of Line 11 (Anting – Huaqiao) enters operation. Shanghai Metro is extended into Jiangsu province.[42]
  • December 29, 2013 – The eastern section of Line 12 (Tiantong Road - Jinhai Road) and Line 16 (Luoshan Road - Dishui Lake) both enter operation.[43]
  • May 10, 2014 – Line 12 Extension to Qufu Road Station.[44]
  • December 28, 2014 – Extensions to Line 13 (Jinshajiang Road – Changshou Road) and Line 16 (Luoshan Road – Longyang Road) open [9]
  • December 19, 2015 – Extensions to Line 11 (Luoshan Road – Kangxin Highway), Line 12 (Qufu Road - Qixin Road), Line 13 (Changshou Road – Shibo Avenue) open.[45]
  • April 26, 2016 – Disney Resort Station on Line 11 opens.[46]

Lines

For the Maglev Train and the China Railway-operated service formerly denoted as Line 22, see Shanghai Maglev Train and Jinshan Railway.

There are currently 14 lines in operation, with Lines and services are denoted numerically as well as by characteristic colors, which are used as a visual aid for better distinction on station signage and on the exterior of trains, in the form of a colored block or belt.

Unlike in other systems such as the New York City Subway, most tracks in the Shanghai Metro system are served by a single service; thus "Line X" usually refers both to the physical line and its service. The only exception is the segment shared by Lines 3 and 4, between Hongqiao Road Station and Baoshan Road Station, where both services use the same tracks and platforms.

System map of the Shanghai Metro as of April 26, 2016, including the Shanghai Maglev Train
Line Termini
(Location) 		Service patterns Opened Newest
extension 		Length
km 		Stations
Shanghai Metro
01 1  Fujin Road
(Baoshan) 		Xinzhuang
(Minhang) 		Fujin Road ↔ Xinzhuang
Partial: Shanghai Railway Station ↔ Xinzhuang[47] 		1993[15][16] 2007[27] 36.4 28
02 2  East Xujing
(Qingpu) 		Pudong International Airport
(Pudong) 		Rush Hour: East Xujing ↔ Tangzhen[48]

Mainline: East Xujing ↔ Guanglan Road
Partial: Songhong Road ↔ Guanglan Road
Suburban segment: Guanglan Road ↔ Pudong International Airport[49]

1999 2010 63.8 30
03 3  North Jiangyang Road
(Baoshan) 		Shanghai South Railway Station
(Xuhui) 		North Jiangyang Road ↔ Shanghai South Railway Station
Partial: South Changjiang Road ↔ Shanghai South Railway Station[50] 		2000 2006 40.3 29
04 4 
Loop line 		Yishan Road
(Xuhui) 		Yishan Road
(Xuhui) 		Loop line; certain trains terminate at Yishan Road.[51] 2005 2007 33.7 26
05 5  Xinzhuang
(Minhang) 		Minhang Development Zone
(Minhang) 		Xinzhuang ↔ Minhang Development Zone[52] 2003 — 17.2 11
06 6  Gangcheng Road
(Pudong) 		Oriental Sports Center
(Pudong) 		Gangcheng Road ↔ Oriental Sports Center
Partial: Jufeng Road ↔ Gaoqing Road[53] 		2007 2011 32.3 28
07 7  Meilan Lake
(Baoshan) 		Huamu Road
(Pudong) 		Meilan Lake ↔ Huamu Road
Partial: Qihua Road ↔ Huamu Road[54] 		2009 2014 44.2 33
08 8  Shiguang Road
(Yangpu) 		Shendu Highway
(Minhang) 		Shiguang Road ↔ Shendu Highway

Partial: Middle Yanji Road ↔ Oriental Sports Center[55]

2007 2011 37.4 30
09 9  Songjiang South Railway Station
(Songjiang) 		Middle Yanggao Road
(Pudong) 		Songjiang South Railway Station ↔ Middle Yanggao Road
Partial: Sheshan ↔ Middle Yanggao Road[56] 		2007 2012 52.1 26
10 10  Xinjiangwancheng
(Yangpu) 		Hongqiao Railway Station (Minhang) Xinjiangwancheng ↔ Hongqiao Railway Station
Xinjiangwancheng ↔ Hangzhong Road[57] 		2010 2010 35.4 31
Hangzhong Road (Minhang)
11 11  North Jiading (Jiading) Disney Resort
(Pudong) 		Huaqiao ↔ Sanlin
North Jiading ↔ Disney Resort[58] 		2009 2016 82.4 38
Huaqiao (Kunshan, Jiangsu)
12 12  Qixin Road
(Minhang) 		Jinhai Road
(Pudong) 		Qixin Road ↔ Jinhai Road
Partial: Hongmei Road ↔ Jufeng Road[59] 		2013 2015 40.4 32
13 13  Shibo Avenue
(Pudong) 		Jinyun Road
(Jiading) 		Shibo Avenue ↔ Jinyun Road[60] 2012 2015 22.0 19
16 16  Longyang Road
(Pudong) 		Dishui Lake
(Pudong) 		Longyang Road ↔ Dishui Lake, stopping all stations.

Longyang Road ↔ Dishui Lake, an express route stopping at Longyang Road, Luoshan Road, Xinchang, Huinan and Dishui Lake.[61]

2013 2014 59 13
Total 588
[3][note 1] 		364
[note 2]

Services

Unlike in other systems such as the New York City Subway, most tracks in the Shanghai Metro system are served by a single service; thus "Line X" usually refers both to the physical line and its service. The only exception is the segment shared by Lines 3 and 4, between Hongqiao Road Station and Baoshan Road Station, where both services use the same tracks and platforms.

Partial service patterns

Partial service patterns exist on Lines 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12.[47][49][50][53][54][55][56][58][59] Partial services serve only a (usually busier) sub-segment of the entire physical line. In addition, Line 2 has a piecewise service pattern whereby the suburban segment between Guanglan Road Station and Pudong International Airport Station is served by a 4-car fleet separately. Passengers traveling across Guanglan Road on Line 2 must change trains across the platform at Guanglan Road.

Line 11, one of the two branch lines of the metro system, operates a different partial service pattern. Trains travelling to and from the branch line terminate at Huaqiao Station and Sanlin respectively. Hence, a passenger who wants to travel from the terminus of the branch to the eastern terminus of the line, at Disney Resort must change trains.[58]

Line 16

Line 16, unlike the rest of the system, is built with an express track and operates a rush-hour express service. The service was canceled in January 30, 2014, due to lack of available trains, but resumed on March 21, 2016.[62][63][64]

Announcements

All trains in the Shanghai Metro display destinations in Simplified Chinese and English, and make announcements in Standard Mandarin, English, and (on line 16 only) Shanghainese in order to indicate next stations, directions, and partial/full-length service patterns.[65]

Stations

Main article: List of Shanghai Metro stations
Line 4
Line 7
Line 10

Transfer stations

There are two types of transfer stations: physical transfer stations and transit-card only ones. In a physical transfer station, passengers can transfer between subway lines without exiting a fare zone. In a transit-card only transfer station, however, passengers have to exit and re-enter fare zones as they transfer from one subway line to another. In order to receive a discounted fare, passengers must use a Shanghai public transport card (SPTC) instead of Single-Ride tickets.

Transit-card only transfer stations

A transit-card only transfer station is a station where two lines meet, but unlike a physical interchange, there is no direct pathway between them within the paid fare area. Passengers wishing to interchange must exit the paid fare area for the first line, walk a short distance on the street, and re-enter the paid fare area for the second line. Since June 1, 2008, passengers interchanging using a Shanghai public transport card have their trip regarded as one journey and the distance will be accumulated for fare calculation. Passengers must exit a station and re-enter another within 30 minutes using the same Shanghai public transport card. Those using single-ride tickets cannot use virtual transfers and must purchase a new ticket.

In some cases virtual interchanges in place during a period of construction were superseded by physical interchanges at the completion of the construction. For example, Hongkou Football Stadium Station was previously a virtual interchange between Line 3 and Line 8. Another previously virtual interchange was South Shaanxi Road Station between Line 1 and Line 10; after the opening of an extension of line 12 to the station in December 2015 transfers among all three lines became a physical interchange.

The current virtual interchanges are:

Transport hubs

The busiest station in Shanghai Metro system is People's Square station (Lines 1, 2 and 8). As the interchange station for three lines, it is extremely crowded during peak hours. It remains busy during the rest of the day as it is located near major shopping and tourist destinations such as East Nanjing Road, a pedestrian street, as well as the Shanghai Museum, People's Park, the Shanghai Grand Theatre and Yan'an Park on People's Square. It has the second largest number of exits (totalling 17) in the stations of the metro system.

Xujiahui (Lines 1, 9 and 11) is located in the major Xujiahui commercial center of Shanghai. Six large shopping malls and eight large office towers are each within a three-minute walk of one of the station's exits, numbering a total of 18 since the addition of the four in the Line 9 part of the station that opened in December 2009. This is the largest number of exits of all the stations on the system. This station is also widely used as a pedestrian tunnel across the wide roads.

Lujiazui (Line 2) is the major station in Pudong area. It is situated in the heart of Lujiazui financial district, the financial center of Shanghai. The city's iconic landmarks, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Jin Mao Tower and Shanghai World Financial Centre are all within walking distance of the station. In contrast to Xujiahui and People's Square, Lujiazui is not particularly busy during off-peak hours or on weekends as it is located in financial district of Shanghai.

Shanghai Railway Station (Lines 1, 3 and 4) is a major transportation hub in Shanghai, containing the railway station, two subway lines and the stop for many city bus lines as well as interprovincial buses. These bus lines will soon be housed in a brand-new bus station. The line 1 platform is in the South square while platforms for line 3/4 are in the North square. These two platforms are technically separate stations, so interchange is only possible between lines 3/4. A transfer to the line 1 platform requires a SPTC or a new ticket.

Shanghai South Railway Station (Lines 1 and 3) is a transport station for line 1 and line 3; and the maintenance base of line 1 is also located at Shanghai South Railway Station.

Zhongshan Park Station (Lines 2, 3 and 4) is a heavily trafficked station due to the large shopping malls and hotel immediately above it.

Century Avenue Station (Lines 2, 4, 6 and 9) is the largest interchange station in the Shanghai Metro system.

Pudong International Airport (Line 2) is the eastern terminus of Line 2. It serves the airport of the same name in Shanghai. The station also provides a transfer with the Shanghai Maglev Train to Longyang Road.

Hongqiao Railway Station (Line 2 and Line 10), Hongqiao Airport Terminal 1 and Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 are metro stations located in the Hongqiao Comprehensive Transportation Hub, composed of the Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station. Both Hongqiao Airport stations are directly linked with the airport, offering many domestic and limited international flights, and the Hongqiao Railway metro station is directly linked with the train station. The airport and railway stations themselves offer a zero-distance transfer.

Ticket system

Jiaotong University Station
Dabaishu Station

Like many other metro systems in the world, Shanghai Metro uses a distance-based fare system.The system uses a "one-ticket network", which means that interchanging is possible between all interchange stations, given that the transfer staying within the Shanghai Metro system, without the purchase of another ticket where available. The Shanghai Public Transport Card, which allows access to most public transport in Shanghai under one card, is another form of payment.

Fares

  • For most lines, the base fare is 3 yuan for journeys under 6 km, then 1 yuan for each additional 10 km. As of December 2013, the highest fare is 14 yuan.
  • For journeys exclusively on Line 5 (Xinzhuang – Minhang Development Zone), the fare is 2 yuan for journeys under 6 km and all other journeys are 3 yuan (though the total length of this line is a bit longer than 16 km).
  • Users of the Shanghai public transport card get a 10% discount for the rest of the calendar month after paying 70 yuan. The discount is applied only for journeys after the payment; it is not retroactively applied to previous journeys.
  • Users of the Shanghai public transport card as part of the "Air-conditioned Bus Transfer Discount" get a 1 yuan discount when transferring to the metro within 90 minutes. (The 10% monthly discount may be applied after the transfer discount) This discount also applies for bus to Metro and bus to bus transfers and can accumulate over multiple transfers. For example, to get from Zhenbei Rd/Meichuan Rd to Xiuyan Rd/Hunan Rd would normally cost 8 yuan each way (947 bus to line 4 to 451 bus) but only costs 6 RMB with the card (947 bus discounted transfer to line 4, discounted transfer to 451 bus). Depending on the time spent at the destination the discount will be applied at the start of the return trip as well, making the cost of a round-trip 11 yuan instead of the 16 yuan that would normally be charged without the card.

Single Journey ticket

Single-Journey tickets can be purchased from ticket vending machines, and at some stations, at a ticket window. Single-ride tickets are embedded with RFID contactless chips. When entering the system riders tap the ticket against a scanner above the turnstile, and on exit they insert the ticket into a slot where it is stored and recycled.

Shanghai Public Transportation Card

Main article: Shanghai Public Transportation Card

In addition to a Single-Ride ticket, fare can be paid using a Shanghai public transport card. This RFID-embedded card can be purchased at selected banks, convenience stores and metro stations with a 20-yuan deposit. This card can be loaded at ticket booths, Service Centers at the metro stations as well as many small convenience stores and banks throughout the city. The Shanghai Public Transportation Card can also be used to pay for other forms of transportation, such as taxi or bus.

This transit card is similar to the Oyster card of the London Underground (and other London transport systems), Chicago card of the CTA and the Octopus card of Hong Kong's MTR.

One-day pass

A one-day pass was introduced for the Expo 2010 held in Shanghai. The fare for the calendar day was set at 18 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations.[66]

Three-day pass

A three-day pass is available for Shanghai Metro. The fare for three days was set at 45 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations.

Infrastructure

Platform screen doors installed at Xujiahui Station
Inside a Line 2 train.

Gauge

Standard gauge is used throughout the network, allowing new train equipment to be transported over the Chinese rail network which uses the same gauge.

Stations

Almost all stations, except elevated sections and sections of Line 2, have platform screen doors with sliding acrylic glass at the platform edge. The train stops with its doors lined-up with the sliding doors on the platform edge and open when the train doors open, and are closed at other times. These screens are also being retrofitted on existing lines, starting with Line 1 whose core stations had doors by the end of 2006. On Line 2 and elevated sections (Line 3 and partly 4), the platform has sliding safety doors that reach only halfway up from the ground called Automatic platform gates. However, many of the sliding safety doors on the shared section of Line 3/4 only operate during peak times.

Rolling stock

Train sets used by the Metro system:

  • 134 Bombardier Movia 456 six car sets(AC04) - Lines 9, 7 and 12
  • 61 German Shanghai Metro Group (GSMG) six cars units (Coded as AC01 for those using Alternating Current or DC01 for those using Direct Current for Line 1, AC02 for Line 2) – Line 1 and 2 (all reformed to eight car units)
  • 53 Alstom Metropolis eight car sets(Coded as AC06) – Line 1, (Coded as AC08) – Line 2
  • 16 Alstom Metropolis four car sets(AC06) - Section of Line 2
  • 17 Alstom Metropolis four car sets - Line 5
  • 21 Alstom Metropolis four car sets(AC06) - Line 6
  • 28 Alstom Metropolis six car or seven car sets - Line 8
  • 29 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. four car sets - line 6
  • 38 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. seven car sets - line 8
  • 28 Alstom Metropolis six car sets(AC03) – Line 3
  • 86 Siemens & CSR Zhuzhou six car sets(AC05) - Line 4 and 11
  • 41 Shanghai Electric-Alstom/Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. six car sets – Line 10
  • 24 Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works six car sets - Line 13
  • 46 Siemens & CSR Zhuzhou three car sets - Two sets are coupled to form a six car train.

Most lines currently use 6 car sets, with the exceptions being:

  • Lines 5, 6, and a section of line 2 which use 4 car sets.
  • Some trains on line 8 use 7 car sets.
  • Line 1 and line 2 use 8 car sets.

Signalling

Shanghai Metro lines 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are equipped with CBTC systems capable of headways as low as 90 seconds.[67]

Power supply

In contrast to many other metro systems in the world, the Shanghai Metro uses overhead wires for the power supply, except for Line 16 which uses third rail.

On Line 2, Siemens Transportation Systems equipped the line with an overhead contact line (cantilever material: galvanized steel) and 7 DC traction power supply substations.[68]

Passenger information systems

Plasma screens on the platforms show passengers when the next two trains are coming, along with advertisements and public service announcements. The subway cars contain LCD screens showing advertisements and on some lines, the next stop, while above-ground trains have LED screens showing the next stop. The LED screens are being phased in on Line 1 and are also included in lines 7 and 9, two underground lines. There are recorded messages stating the next stop in Mandarin, English and (on line 16 only) Shanghainese,[65][69] but the messages stating nearby attractions or shops for a given station (a form of paid advertising) are in Mandarin only. The metro operating company is resistant to expanding use of Shanghainese for announcing stops, on the basis that, on most lines, the majority of passengers can understand either Mandarin or English.[70]

Station signs are in Chinese and English. The Metro authority is testing a new systematic numbering system for stations on Line 10.[71]

Future expansion

The Shanghai Metro system is one of the fastest growing metro systems in the world. Four lines were under construction at the end of 2014, and nine other lines or sections began construction in 2015. By the end of 2020, the network will comprise 18 lines spanning 800 kilometres (497 mi).[72] In addition, there are long-term plans to connect the Shanghai Metro with the Suzhou Rail Transit and Wuxi Metro in neighbouring Jiangsu province.[11]

Planned Shanghai Metro network
Planned opening date Route Name Terminals Length (km) Stations Status Notes
2017
  Line 5
 South Extension Dongchuan Road South Nanqiao Xincheng 17 8 Under construction [72]
  Line 8
 3rd Phase Shendu Highway South Pujin Road 6.644 6 Under construction [72]
  Line 9
 3rd Phase Eastern Section Middle Yanggao Road Caolu Railway Station 13.8 9 Under construction [72]
  Line 17
 Hongqiao Railway Station Shanghai Oriental Land 35.3 13 Under construction [72]
2018
  Line 10
 2nd Phase Xinjiangwancheng Jilong Road 10 6 Under construction [72]
  Line 13
 3rd Phase Shibo Avenue Zhangjiang Road 25.5 12 Under construction [72]
2020
  Line 14
 Fengbang Jinhui Road 38.5 31 Under construction [72]
  Line 15
 Jinqiu Road Zizhu Science-Based Industry Park 42.3 30 Under construction [72]
  Line 18
 Changbei Road Hangtou Station 36.8 26 Under construction [72]
2025 and beyond
  Line 1
 West extension Xinzhuang Humin Rd 1 1 Planned [73]

[74]

  Line 13
 West extension Jinyun Rd East Xujing 10 5 Planned
  Line 19
 Meilong Yanghang 40 30+ Planned
  Line 20
 Shanghai West Railway Station Gongqing Forest Park 20 10+ Planned
  Line 21
 Shanghai Int'l Tourism and Resorts Zone Gaohang 28 10+ Planned
  Line 23
 Xujiahui Minhang Development Zone 29 20+ Planned
Jiamin Express Line Xinzhuang Jiading Xincheng 42 10+ Planned
Chongming Express Line Rongqiao Road Chongming Island 47 8 Planned
Airport Express Line Shanghai East Railway Station Hongqiao Railway Station 68 8 Planned

Incidents

  • December 22, 2009—at about 5:50 am, an electrical fault in the tunnel between South Shaanxi Road Station and People's Square Station caused a few trains to stall. While the track was under repair, a low-speed collision occurred between two trains on Line 1, trapping scores of passengers underground for up to two hours and affecting millions of early commuters. Nobody was injured, but the front of the train was badly damaged. Service resumed at around 12:15 pm.[75][76]
  • July 5, 2010—at the Zhongshan Park Station a woman died after trying to crowd into a subway train as the doors were closing. With her wrist trapped in the train doors, she was dragged between the train and the platform screen doors when the train started moving.[77]
  • September 27, 2011—at 2:51 pm, two trains on Line 10 collided between Yuyuan Garden Station and Laoximen Station, injuring 284 - 300 people. Initial investigations found that train operators violated regulations while operating the trains manually after a loss of power on the line caused its signal system to fail. No deaths were reported.[78]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e This figure excludes Maglev line and Line 22, both often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
  2. ^ a b c 337 is the number of stations if interchanges on different lines are counted separately, with the exception of the 9 stations shared by Lines 3 and 4 on the same track. The stations on the Maglev line and Line 22 are not included.

References

  1. ^ a b c 2015年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 (in Chinese). shanghai.gov.cn. 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
  2. ^ a b "新年前日上海地铁运送1083万人次创纪录 加班车功劳大" (in Chinese). Eastday. 2016-01-02. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
  3. ^ a b 12月19日起 11、12、13号线新延伸段建成试运营. 上海地铁 (in Chinese). 2015-12-17. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  4. ^ http://www.citymetric.com/transport/which-city-has-longest-metro-system-1359
  5. ^ "Statistics Brief World Metro Figures" (pdf). Union Internationale des Transports Publics (UITP) (International Association of Public Transport). October 2014. Retrieved 2014-12-13.
  6. ^ "Shanghai now the world's longest metro". Railway Gazette. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  7. ^ "Chinese metro boom shows no sign of abating". International Rail Journal. November 19, 2014. Retrieved 23 Nov 2014.
  8. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNCaK4d0GA0
  9. ^ a b 13、16号线12月28日新增5站试运营. 上海地铁 (in Chinese). 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2014-12-26.
  10. ^ "上海地铁工作日客流超千万成为新常态". 凤凰. 2016-03-09. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  11. ^ a b 无锡苏州也将轨交通沪? 目前有规划但尚无时间表. Eastday (in Chinese). 18 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |trans_title= (help)
  12. ^ "上海11号线、17号线有望接轨苏州S1线、4号线". sh.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  13. ^ http://sh.house.ifeng.com/detail/2016_02_22/50699861_0.shtml
  14. ^ "天天快报". kuaibao.qq.com. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i 20年迈向世界：珍贵老照片展示上海地铁发展. Eastday (in Chinese). 27 May 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  16. ^ a b c 《上海年鉴1996》>>十四、城市建设·重大工程>>（二）市政基础设施建设
  17. ^ 《上海年鉴1997》>>十四、城市建设、重大工程>>（二）市政基础设施建设
  18. ^ 《上海年鉴1997》>>四十四、区>>（十四）闵行区
  19. ^ 《上海年鉴2000》>>十四、城市建设·重大工程 >>（二）市政基础设施建设
  20. ^ 《上海年鉴2000》>>二十六、城市管理>>（九）市政设施管理
  21. ^ a b 《上海年鉴2001》>>二十六、城市管理>>(五)市内交通管理
  22. ^ 《上海年鉴2004》>>二十八、城市管理>>(五)市内交通管理
  23. ^ 《上海年鉴2005》>>>>十五、城市建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  24. ^ 《上海年鉴2006》>>十五、城市建设与管理 >>(三)市政基础设施
  25. ^ a b 《上海年鉴2007》>>十五、城市建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  26. ^ "上海5条地铁线初定12月28日通车". Sh.eastday.com. 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  27. ^ a b c d e f 《上海年鉴2008》>>十五、城市建设与管理>>(六)市内交通
  28. ^ 《上海年鉴2009》>>二十五、城市建设与管理>>（六）市内交通
  29. ^ a b c d 《上海年鉴2010》>>二十三、城乡建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  30. ^ 上海轨道交通南北向骨干线路通车 Xinhua Dec. 5, 2009
  31. ^ a b c d e f 《上海年鉴2011》>>二十一、城乡建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  32. ^ "上海轨道交通11号线".
  33. ^ 2号线明起通至浦东国际机场. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  34. ^ "上海地铁总长 全球第一". Zaobao.com. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  35. ^ 轨道交通世博会试运营首日经受考验 Official site of Shanghai Metro. Retrieved on April 21, 2010.
  36. ^ 直击上海世博会试运行首日：水陆路冷热不均
  37. ^ "虹桥火车站站".
  38. ^ a b c 《上海年鉴2012》>>十九、城乡建设与管理>>(四)城市交通
  39. ^ 济阳路地铁站改东方体育中心站
  40. ^ a b [1] Shanghai Metro. Retrieved on December 30, 2012.
  41. ^ 11号线二期8月31日起通车试运营 (in Chinese). Shanghai Metro. 2013-08-29. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
  42. ^ 11号线"北上"江苏花桥段明试运营 沪苏交通卡均可使用. Eastday (in Chinese). 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  43. ^ 上海地铁·新闻中心·12号线、16号线12月29日起载客试运营
  44. ^ "12号线曲阜路站5月10日起开站迎客". 上海地铁运管中心. 2014-05-05. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  45. ^ "上海地铁". www.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
  46. ^ "上海地铁".
  47. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  48. ^ "上海地铁".
  49. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  50. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  51. ^ "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  52. ^ "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  53. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  54. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  55. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  56. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  57. ^ "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  58. ^ a b c "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  59. ^ a b "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  60. ^ "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
  61. ^ "上海地铁". service.shmetro.com. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
  62. ^ 12号线、16号线12月29日起载客试运营
  63. ^ 16号线预计2016年3月21日重新试运行
  64. ^ "16号线首末班车时刻表". 上海地铁官方网站. 27 December 2014.
  65. ^ a b http://sh.sina.com.cn/news/b/2013-12-30/090576042.html
  66. ^ Signs at the Service points seen on 4–5 July 2010 at the Xujiahui (near Exit 8) and Shanghai West Railway Station.
  67. ^ "沪部分轨交线明年采用信号系统升级版". Retrieved 2012-11-22.
  68. ^ "Metro-System Line 2, Shanghai, China". Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  69. ^ http://shanghaiist.com/2014/01/04/shanghai-metro-announcements-shanghainese.php. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  70. ^ "上海地铁副总裁指若地铁增加沪语报站是听觉污染". 羊城网. 2014-09-06.
  71. ^ "Shanghai Daily". Shanghai Daily. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "上海新一轮轨道交通建设全面展开". Shanghai Metro. 2014-12-29.
  73. ^ Shanghai Municipal Government: City mulls plan for nine more Metro projects. publicnow.com. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016. {{cite news}}: Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  74. ^ 上海市轨道交通近期建设规划（2017-2025）出炉 规划有9条线路 (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Government website. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  75. ^ "Subway snag hits thousands". Chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  76. ^ "上海地铁发生列车侧面碰撞事故 目前无乘客受伤". Chinanews.com.cn. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  77. ^ "Woman killed in subway accident in Shanghai". China Daily. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
  78. ^ "Signal maker: Not to blame for Shanghai rail crash". AP.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shanghai Metro.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Metro&oldid=752416095"