99th United States Congress
99th United States Congress | |
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98th ← → 100th | |
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January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987 | |
Members | 100 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates |
Senate majority | Republican |
Senate President | George H. W. Bush (R) |
House majority | Democratic |
House Speaker | Tip O'Neill (D) |
Sessions | |
1st: January 3, 1985 – December 20, 1985 2nd: January 21, 1986 – October 18, 1986 |
The Ninety-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1985, to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980. The Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.
Major events
- January 20, 1985: Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a second term as U.S. President (publicly sworn in, January 21).
- January 28, 1986: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Destruction of the shuttle and death of the crew shortly after lift-off.
- April 15, 1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.
- October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
- November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
- November 3, 1986: Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
- November 4, 1986: United States general elections, 1986: Congressional Democrats regained (+8) their Senate majority (55-45), and slightly increased (+5) their House majority (258-177).
Major legislation
- December 12, 1985: Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act) Pub. L. 99–177 (title II)
- December 17, 1985: Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, Pub. L. 99–185
- April 7, 1986: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) Pub. L. 99–272 (including Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
- May 19, 1986: Firearm Owners Protection Act, Pub. L. 99–308
- October 1, 1986: Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 (Defense Reorganization), Pub. L. 99–433
- October 2, 1986: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, Pub. L. 99–440
- October 17, 1986: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Pub. L. 99–499 (title III)
- October 21, 1986: Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–508
- October 22, 1986: Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514
- October 27, 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act, Pub. L. 99–570
- October 31, 1986: Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Pub. L. 99–592
- November 6, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), Pub. L. 99–603, S. 1200
- November 17, 1986: Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–662
Party summary
Senate
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/099senate.svg/220px-099senate.svg.png)
Affiliation | Members | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 47 | |
Republican Party | 53 | |
Total | 100 |
House of Representatives
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/99_us_house_membership.png/320px-99_us_house_membership.png)
House seats by party holding majority in state | |
---|---|
80–100% Republican | 80–100% Democratic |
60–80% Republican | 60–80% Democratic |
50–60% Republican | 50–60% Democratic |
striped: evenly split |
Affiliation | Members | Voting share | |
---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 253 | 58.2% | |
Republican Party | 182 | 41.8% | |
Total | 435 |
Leadership
Senate
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Bob Dole
- Majority Whip: Alan K. Simpson
- Conference Chairman: John Chafee
- Republican Conference Secretary: Thad Cochran
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: H. John Heinz III
- Policy Committee Chairman: William L. Armstrong
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader: Robert Byrd
- Minority Whip: Alan Cranston
- Caucus Secretary: Daniel Inouye
- Campaign Committee Chairman: George J. Mitchell
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Jim Wright
- Majority Whip: Tom Foley
- Chief Deputy Majority Whip: William Vollie Alexander Jr.
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dick Gephardt
- Caucus Secretary: Mary Rose Oakar
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Tony Coelho
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
- Minority Whip: Trent Lott
- Chief Deputy Whip: Tom Loeffler
- Conference Chair: Jack Kemp
- Conference Vice-Chair: Lynn Morley Martin
- Conference Secretary: Robert J. Lagomarsino
- Policy Committee Chairman: Dick Cheney
- Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
Caucuses
- Congressional Arts Caucus
- Congressional Automotive Caucus
- Congressional Black Caucus
- Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
- Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
- Congresswomen's Caucus
- House Democratic Caucus
- Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1986; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1988; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1990.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
Senate
Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate
|-
| West Virginia
(2)
| Vacant
| Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing term as Governor of West Virginia.
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jay Rockefeller (D)
| January 15, 1985
|-
| North Carolina
(3)
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John Porter East (R)
| Died June 29, 1986.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jim Broyhill (R)
| July 14, 1986
|-
| North Carolina
(3)
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jim Broyhill (R)
| Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected to finish the term.
| nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Terry Sanford (D)
| November 5, 1986
|}
House of Representatives
Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep
|- | Indiana's 8th | Disputed | House declared McCloskey the winner after auditors from the US General Accounting Office conducted a recount and Republican floor votes were rejected. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Frank McCloskey (D) | May 1, 1985
|- | Louisiana's 8th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Gillis W. Long (D) | Died January 20, 1985. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Catherine S. Long (D) | March 30, 1985
|- | Texas's 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Sam B. Hall (D) | Resigned May 27, 1985 to become judge for the US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jim Chapman (D) | August 3, 1985
|- | New York's 6th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Joseph P. Addabbo (D) | Died April 10, 1986. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alton R. Waldon Jr. (D) | June 10, 1986
|- | Hawaii's 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Cecil Heftel (D) | Resigned July 11, 1986. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Neil Abercrombie (D) | September 20, 1986
|- | North Carolina's 10th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jim Broyhill (R) | Resigned July 14, 1986 to become U.S. Senator. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Cass Ballenger (R) | November 4, 1986
|- | Illinois's 4th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | George M. O'Brien (R) | Died July 17, 1986. | Vacant | Not filled this term
|- | Illinois's 14th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John E. Grotberg (R) | Died November 15, 1986. | Vacant | Not filled this term
|- | North Carolina's 3rd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Charles O. Whitley (D) | Resigned December 31, 1986. | Vacant | Not filled this term |}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- Aging (Special) (Chair: H. John Heinz III)
- Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Jesse Helms)
- Appropriations (Chair: Mark Hatfield)
- Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
- Legislative Branch
- Military Construction
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services (Chair: Barry Goldwater)
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Jake Garn)
- Budget (Chair: Pete Domenici)
- Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: John Danforth)
- Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: James A. McClure)
- Environment and Public Works (Chair: Robert Stafford)
- Ethics (Select) (Chair: Warren Rudman)
- Finance (Chair: Bob Packwood)
- Foreign Relations (Chair: Richard Lugar)
- Governmental Affairs (Chair: Bill Roth)
- Impeachment of Harry E. Claiborne (Select) (Chair: Charles Mathias)
- Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: Mark Andrews)
- Judiciary (Chair: Strom Thurmond)
- Intelligence (Select) (Chair: David Durenberger)
- Labor and Human Resources (Chair: Orrin Hatch)
- Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)
- Rules and Administration (Chair: Charles Mathias)
- Security and Cooperation in Europe (Special)
- Small Business (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker Jr.)
- Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Frank Murkowski)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Aging (Select)
- Agriculture (Chair: Kika de la Garza)
- Appropriations (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten)
- Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health and Human Services
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services (Chair: Les Aspin)
- Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Fernand St. Germain)
- Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
- Housing and Community Development
- Consumer Affairs and Coinage
- Domestic Monetary Policy
- International Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy
- General Oversight and Renegotiation
- Economic Stabilization
- International Development Institutions and Finance
- Budget (Chair: William H. Gray)
- Children, Youth and Families (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chair: Ron Dellums)
- Education and Labor (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins)
- Energy and Commerce (Chair: John Dingell)
- Foreign Affairs (Chair: Dante Fascell)
- Government Operations (Chair: Jack Brooks)
- House Administration (Chair: Frank Annunzio)
- Hunger (Select)
- Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: Mo Udall)
- Judiciary (Chair: Peter W. Rodino)
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.)
- Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works and Transportation (Chair: James J. Howard)
- Rules (Chair: Claude Pepper)
- Science and Technology (Chair: Don Fuqua)
- Small Business (Chair: Parren Mitchell)
- SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems
- General Oversight and the Economy
- Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business
- Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business
- Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities
- Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems
- Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: Julian C. Dixon)
- Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Gillespie V. Montgomery)
- Ways and Means (Chair: Dan Rostenkowski)
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees and legislative agency directors
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary (until 1986), William Narva (starting 1986)
- Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Rudolph G. Penner
- Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
- Public Printer of the United States: Ralph E. Kennickell Jr.
Senate
- Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Bob Dove
- Secretary: Jo-Anne L. Coe
- Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
- Secretary for the Minority: David Pratt
- Sergeant at Arms: Larry E. Smith (until June 3, 1985), Ernest W. Garcia (starting June 3, 1985)
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: James David Ford
- Clerk: Benjamin J. Guthrie
- Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
- Historian: Ray Smock
- Reading Clerks: Meg Goetz (D) and Bob Berry (R)
- Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
- Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
- Sergeant at Arms: Jack Russ
See also
- United States elections, 1984 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1986 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
See also
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- "Videos of House of Representatives Sessions for the 99th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
- "Videos of Senate Sessions for the 99th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
- "Videos of Committees from the House and Senate for the 99th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 99th Congress (PDF).
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress.
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress (Revised).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 99th Congress.