99th United States Congress

99th United States Congress
98th ← → 100th
United States Capitol
January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987
Members	100 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Republican
Senate President	George H. W. Bush (R)
House majority	Democratic
House Speaker	Tip O'Neill (D)
Sessions
1st: January 3, 1985 – December 20, 1985 2nd: January 21, 1986 – October 18, 1986

The Ninety-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1985 to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980. The Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.

Major events

Main articles: 1985 in the United States, 1986 in the United States, and 1987 in the United States

• January 20, 1985: Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a second term as U.S. President (publicly sworn in, January 21).
• January 28, 1986: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Destruction of the shuttle and death of the crew shortly after lift-off.
• April 15, 1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.
• October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
• November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
• November 3, 1986: Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
• November 4, 1986: United States general elections, 1986: Congressional Democrats regained (+8) their Senate majority (55-45), and slightly increased (+5) their House majority (258-177).

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation

• December 12, 1985: Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act) Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–177 (title II)
• December 17, 1985: Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–185
• April 7, 1986: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–272 (including Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
• May 19, 1986: Firearm Owners Protection Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–308
• October 1, 1986: Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 (Defense Reorganization), Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–433
• October 2, 1986: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–440
• October 17, 1986: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–499 (title III)
• October 21, 1986: Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–508
• October 22, 1986: Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–514
• October 27, 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–570
• October 31, 1986: Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–592
• November 6, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–603, S. 1200
• November 17, 1986: Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 99–662

Party summary

Senate

Party standings on the opening day of the 99th Congress

  47 Democratic Senators

  53 Republican Senators

Affiliation		Members	Democratic Party	47	Republican Party	53
Total		100

House of Representatives

House seats by party holding majority in state
80+ -100% Republican	80+ -100% Democratic
60+ -80% Republican	60+ -80% Democratic
50+ -60% Republican	50+ -60% Democratic
striped: evenly split

Template:American politics/party colors/Republican/row

Affiliation		Members	Voting share	Democratic Party	253	58.2%
Republican Party	182	41.8%
Total		435

Leadership

Senate

• President of the Senate: George Bush (R)
• President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond

Majority (Republican) leadership

• Majority Leader: Bob Dole
• Majority Whip: Alan K. Simpson

Minority (Democratic) leadership

• Minority Leader: Robert Byrd
• Minority Whip: Alan Cranston

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

• Majority Leader: Jim Wright
• Majority Whip: Tom Foley

Minority (Republican) leadership

• Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
• Minority Whip: Trent Lott

Caucuses

• Congressional Arts Caucus
• Congressional Automotive Caucus
• Congressional Black Caucus
• Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
• Congressional Hispanic Caucus
• Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
• Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
• Congresswomen's Caucus
• House Democratic Caucus

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.

Alabama

• 2. Howell Heflin (D)
• 3. Jeremiah Denton (R)

Alaska

• 2. Ted Stevens (R)
• 3. Frank Murkowski (R)

Arizona

• 3. Barry Goldwater (R)
• 1. Dennis DeConcini (D)

Arkansas

• 3. Dale Bumpers (D)
• 2. David Pryor (D)

California

• 3. Alan Cranston (D)
• 1. Pete Wilson (R)

Colorado

• 3. Gary Hart (D)
• 2. William L. Armstrong (R)

Connecticut

• 1. Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. (R)
• 3. Chris Dodd (D)

Delaware

• 1. William Roth (R)
• 2. Joe Biden (D)

Florida

• 1. Lawton Chiles (D)
• 3. Paula Hawkins (R)

Georgia

• 2. Sam Nunn (D)
• 3. Mack Mattingly (R)

Hawaii

• 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
• 1. Spark Matsunaga (D)

Idaho

• 2. James A. McClure (R)
• 3. Steve Symms (R)

Illinois

• 3. Alan J. Dixon (D)
• 2. Paul Simon (D)

Indiana

• 1. Richard Lugar (R)
• 3. Dan Quayle (R)

Iowa

• 3. Chuck Grassley (R)
• 2. Tom Harkin (D)

Kansas

• 3. Bob Dole (R)
• 2. Nancy Kassebaum (R)

Kentucky

• 3. Wendell H. Ford (D)
• 2. Mitch McConnell (R)

Louisiana

• 3. Russell B. Long (D)
• 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D)

Maine

• 2. William Cohen (R)
• 1. George J. Mitchell (D)

Maryland

• 3. Charles Mathias (R)
• 1. Paul Sarbanes (D)

Massachusetts

• 1. Ted Kennedy (D)
• 2. John Kerry (D)

Michigan

• 1. Donald W. Riegle, Jr. (D)
• 2. Carl Levin (D)

Minnesota

• 2. Rudy Boschwitz (R)
• 1. David Durenberger (R)

Mississippi

• 1. John C. Stennis (D)
• 2. Thad Cochran (R)

Missouri

• 3. Thomas Eagleton (D)
• 1. John Danforth (R)

Montana

• 1. John Melcher (D)
• 2. Max Baucus (D)

Nebraska

• 1. Edward Zorinsky (D)
• 2. J. James Exon (D)

Nevada

• 3. Paul Laxalt (R)
• 1. Chic Hecht (R)

New Hampshire

• 2. Gordon J. Humphrey (R)
• 3. Warren Rudman (R)

New Jersey

• 2. Bill Bradley (D)
• 1. Frank Lautenberg (D)

New Mexico

• 2. Pete Domenici (R)
• 1. Jeff Bingaman (D)

New York

• 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D)
• 3. Al D'Amato (R)

North Carolina

• 2. Jesse Helms (R)
• 3. John Porter East (R), until June 29, 1986
  • Jim Broyhill (R), from July 14, 1986

North Dakota

• 1. Quentin N. Burdick (D)
• 3. Mark Andrews (R)

Ohio

• 3. John Glenn (D)
• 1. Howard Metzenbaum (D)

Oklahoma

• 2. David L. Boren (D)
• 3. Don Nickles (R)

Oregon

• 2. Mark Hatfield (R)
• 3. Bob Packwood (R)

Pennsylvania

• 1. H. John Heinz III (R)
• 3. Arlen Specter (R)

Rhode Island

• 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
• 1. John Chafee (R)

South Carolina

• 2. Strom Thurmond (R)
• 3. Ernest Hollings (D)

South Dakota

• 2. Larry Pressler (R)
• 3. James Abdnor (R)

Tennessee

• 1. Jim Sasser (D)
• 2. Al Gore (D)

Texas

• 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D)
• 2. Phil Gramm (R)

Utah

• 3. Jake Garn (R)
• 1. Orrin Hatch (R)

Vermont

• 1. Robert Stafford (R)
• 3. Patrick Leahy (D)

Virginia

• 2. John Warner (R)
• 1. Paul S. Trible, Jr. (R)

Washington

• 3. Slade Gorton (R)
• 1. Daniel J. Evans (R)

West Virginia

• 1. Robert Byrd (D)
• 2. Jay Rockefeller (D), from January 15, 1985

Wisconsin

• 1. William Proxmire (D)
• 3. Bob Kasten (R)

Wyoming

• 1. Malcolm Wallop (R)
• 2. Alan K. Simpson (R)

House of Representatives

Alabama

(5-2 Democratic)

• 1. Sonny Callahan (R)
• 2. Bill Dickinson (R)
• 3. Bill Nichols (D)
• 4. Tom Bevill (D)
• 5. Ronnie G. Flippo (D)
• 6. Ben Erdreich (D)
• 7. Dick Shelby (D)

Alaska

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Don Young (R)

Arizona

(4-1 Republican)

• 1. John McCain (R)
• 2. Morris K. Udall (D)
• 3. Bob Stump (R)
• 4. Eldon Rudd (R)
• 5. Jim Kolbe (R)

Arkansas

(3-1 Democratic)

• 1. Bill Alexander (D)
• 2. Tommy F. Robinson (D)
• 3. John Paul Hammerschmidt (R)
• 4. Beryl Anthony, Jr. (D)

California

(27-18 Democratic)

• 1. Douglas H. Bosco (D)
• 2. Eugene A. Chappie (R)
• 3. Robert T. Matsui (D)
• 4. Vic Fazio (D)
• 5. Sala Burton (D)
• 6. Barbara Boxer (D)
• 7. George Miller (D)
• 8. Ronald V. Dellums (D)
• 9. Pete Stark (D)
• 10. Don Edwards (D)
• 11. Tom Lantos (D)
• 12. Ed Zschau (R)
• 13. Norman Y. Mineta (D)
• 14. Norman D. Shumway (R)
• 15. Tony Coelho (D)
• 16. Leon Panetta (D)
• 17. Charles (Chip) Pashayan (R)
• 18. Richard H. Lehman (D)
• 19. Robert J. Lagomarsino (R)
• 20. Bill Thomas (R)
• 21. Bobbi Fiedler (R)
• 22. Carlos J. Moorhead (R)
• 23. Anthony C. Beilenson (D)
• 24. Henry A. Waxman (D)
• 25. Edward R. Roybal (D)
• 26. Howard L. Berman (D)
• 27. Mel Levine (D)
• 28. Julian C. Dixon (D)
• 29. Augustus F. Hawkins (D)
• 30. Matthew G. Martinez (D)
• 31. Mervyn M. Dymally (D)
• 32. Glenn M. Anderson (D)
• 33. David Dreier (R)
• 34. Esteban E. Torres (D)
• 35. Jerry Lewis (R)
• 36. George Brown, Jr. (D)
• 37. Al McCandless (R)
• 38. Bob Dornan (R)
• 39. William E. Dannemeyer (R)
• 40. Robert E. Badham (R)
• 41. Bill Lowery (R)
• 42. Dan Lungren (R)
• 43. Ron Packard (R)
• 44. Jim Bates (D)
• 45. Duncan Hunter (R)

Colorado

(4-2 Republican)

• 1. Patricia Schroeder (D)
• 2. Timothy E. Wirth (D)
• 3. Mike Strang (R)
• 4. Hank Brown (R)
• 5. Ken Kramer (R)
• 6. Dan Schaefer (R)

Connecticut

(3-3 split)

• 1. Barbara B. Kennelly (D)
• 2. Sam Gejdenson (D)
• 3. Bruce A. Morrison (D)
• 4. Stewart B. McKinney (R)
• 5. John G. Rowland (R)
• 6. Nancy L. Johnson (R)

Delaware

(1 Democrat)

• At-large. Thomas R. Carper (D)

Florida

(12-7 Democratic)

• 1. Earl Hutto (D)
• 2. Don Fuqua (D)
• 3. Charles Edward Bennett (D)
• 4. William V. Chappell, Jr. (D)
• 5. Bill McCollum (R)
• 6. Buddy MacKay (D)
• 7. Sam M. Gibbons (D)
• 8. C.W. Bill Young (R)
• 9. Michael Bilirakis (R)
• 10. Andy Ireland (R)
• 11. Bill Nelson (D)
• 12. Tom Lewis (R)
• 13. Connie Mack (R)
• 14. Daniel A. Mica (D)
• 15. E. Clay Shaw, Jr. (R)
• 16. Lawrence J. Smith (D)
• 17. William Lehman (D)
• 18. Claude Pepper (D)
• 19. Dante B. Fascell (D)

Georgia

(8-2 Democratic)

• 1. Lindsay Thomas (D)
• 2. Charles Floyd Hatcher (D)
• 3. Richard Ray (D)
• 4. Pat Swindall (R)
• 5. Wyche Fowler, Jr. (D)
• 6. Newt Gingrich (R)
• 7. George Darden (D)
• 8. J. Roy Rowland (D)
• 9. Ed Jenkins (D)
• 10. Doug Barnard, Jr. (D)

Hawaii

(2 Democrats)

• 1. Cecil Heftel (D), until July 11, 1986
  • 1. Neil Abercrombie (D), from September 20, 1986
• 2. Daniel K. Akaka (D)

Idaho

(1-1 split)

• 1. Larry E. Craig (R)
• 2. Richard H. Stallings (D)

Illinois

(13-9 Democratic)

• 1. Charles A. Hayes (D)
• 2. Gus Savage (D)
• 3. Marty Russo (D)
• 4. George M. O'Brien (R), until July 17, 1986
• 5. William O. Lipinski (D)
• 6. Henry J. Hyde (R)
• 7. Cardiss Collins (D)
• 8. Dan Rostenkowski (D)
• 9. Sidney R. Yates (D)
• 10. John Edward Porter (R)
• 11. Frank Annunzio (D)
• 12. Philip M. Crane (R)
• 13. Harris W. Fawell (R)
• 14. John E. Grotberg (R), until November 15, 1986
• 15. Edward Madigan (R)
• 16. Lynn Morley Martin (R)
• 17. Lane Evans (D)
• 18. Robert H. Michel (R)
• 19. Terry L. Bruce (D)
• 20. Richard J. Durbin (D)
• 21. Melvin Price (D)
• 22. Kenneth J. Gray (D)

Indiana

(5-5 split)

• 1. Peter J. Visclosky (D)
• 2. Philip R. Sharp (D)
• 3. John P. Hiler (R)
• 4. Dan Coats (R)
• 5. Elwood Hillis (R)
• 6. Dan Burton (R)
• 7. John T. Myers (R)
• 8. Frank McCloskey (D), from May 1, 1985
• 9. Lee H. Hamilton (D)
• 10. Andrew Jacobs, Jr. (D)

Iowa

(4-2 Republican)

• 1. James A. Leach (R)
• 2. Tom Tauke (R)
• 3. T. Cooper Evans (R)
• 4. Neal Edward Smith (D)
• 5. Jim Ross Lightfoot (R)
• 6. Berkley Bedell (D)

Kansas

(3-2 Republican)

• 1. Pat Roberts (R)
• 2. Jim Slattery (D)
• 3. Jan Meyers (R)
• 4. Dan Glickman (D)
• 5. Bob Whittaker (R)

Kentucky

(4-3 Democratic)

• 1. Carroll Hubbard, Jr. (D)
• 2. William H. Natcher (D)
• 3. Romano L. Mazzoli (D)
• 4. Gene Snyder (R)
• 5. Hal Rogers (R)
• 6. Larry J. Hopkins (R)
• 7. Carl C. Perkins (D)

Louisiana

(6-2 Democratic)

• 1. Bob Livingston (R)
• 2. Lindy Boggs (D)
• 3. Billy Tauzin (D)
• 4. Buddy Roemer (D)
• 5. Jerry Huckaby (D)
• 6. W. Henson Moore III (R)
• 7. John Breaux (D)
• 8. Gillis W. Long (D), until January 20, 1985
  • Catherine S. Long (D), from March 30, 1985

Maine

(2 Republicans)

• 1. John R. McKernan, Jr. (R)
• 2. Olympia J. Snowe (R)

Maryland

(6-2 Democratic)

• 1. Roy Dyson (D)
• 2. Helen Delich Bentley (R)
• 3. Barbara A. Mikulski (D)
• 4. Marjorie S. Holt (R)
• 5. Steny H. Hoyer (D)
• 6. Beverly B. Byron (D)
• 7. Parren J. Mitchell (D)
• 8. Michael D. Barnes (D)

Massachusetts

(10-1 Democratic)

• 1. Silvio O. Conte (R)
• 2. Edward P. Boland (D)
• 3. Joseph D. Early (D)
• 4. Barney Frank (D)
• 5. Chester G. Atkins (D)
• 6. Nicholas Mavroules (D)
• 7. Edward J. Markey (D)
• 8. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr. (D)
• 9. John Joseph Moakley (D)
• 10. Gerry E. Studds (D)
• 11. Brian J. Donnelly (D)

Michigan

(11-7 Democratic)

• 1. John Conyers, Jr. (D)
• 2. Carl D. Pursell (R)
• 3. Howard Wolpe (D)
• 4. Mark D. Siljander (R)
• 5. Paul B. Henry (R)
• 6. Bob Carr (D)
• 7. Dale E. Kildee (D)
• 8. Bob Traxler (D)
• 9. Guy Vander Jagt (R)
• 10. Bill Schuette (R)
• 11. Robert William Davis (R)
• 12. David E. Bonior (D)
• 13. George W. Crockett, Jr. (D)
• 14. Dennis M. Hertel (D)
• 15. William D. Ford (D)
• 16. John D. Dingell (D)
• 17. Sander M. Levin (D)
• 18. William S. Broomfield (R)

Minnesota

(5-3 Democratic)

• 1. Tim Penny (DFL)
• 2. Vin Weber (R)
• 3. Bill Frenzel (R)
• 4. Bruce F. Vento (DFL)
• 5. Martin Olav Sabo (DFL)
• 6. Gerry Sikorski (DFL)
• 7. Arlan Stangeland (R)
• 8. James L. Oberstar (DFL)

Mississippi

(3-2 Democratic)

• 1. Jamie L. Whitten (D)
• 2. Webb Franklin (R)
• 3. G.V. Montgomery (D)
• 4. Wayne Dowdy (D)
• 5. Trent Lott (R)

Missouri

(6-3 Democratic)

• 1. William L. Clay (D)
• 2. Robert A. Young (D)
• 3. Richard A. Gephardt (D)
• 4. Ike Skelton (D)
• 5. Alan Wheat (D)
• 6. Tom Coleman (R)
• 7. Gene Taylor (R)
• 8. Bill Emerson (R)
• 9. Harold L. Volkmer (D)

Montana

(1-1 split)

• 1. John Patrick Williams (D)
• 2. Ron Marlenee (R)

Nebraska

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Doug Bereuter (R)
• 2. Hal Daub (R)
• 3. Virginia D. Smith (R)

Nevada

(1-1 split)

• 1. Harry Reid (D)
• 2. Barbara F. Vucanovich (R)

New Hampshire

(2 Republicans)

• 1. Bob Smith (R)
• 2. Judd Gregg (R)

New Jersey

(8-6 Democratic)

• 1. James J. Florio (D)
• 2. William J. Hughes (D)
• 3. James J. Howard (D)
• 4. Chris Smith (R)
• 5. Marge Roukema (R)
• 6. Bernard J. Dwyer (D)
• 7. Matthew J. Rinaldo (R)
• 8. Robert A. Roe (D)
• 9. Robert G. Torricelli (D)
• 10. Peter W. Rodino, Jr. (D)
• 11. Dean A. Gallo (R)
• 12. Jim Courter (R)
• 13. H. James Saxton (R)
• 14. Frank J. Guarini (D)

New Mexico

(2-1 Republican)

• 1. Manuel Lujan, Jr. (R)
• 2. Joe Skeen (R)
• 3. Bill Richardson (D)

New York

(19-15 Democratic)

• 1. William Carney (R)
• 2. Thomas J. Downey (D)
• 3. Robert J. Mrazek (D)
• 4. Norman F. Lent (R)
• 5. Raymond J. McGrath (R)
• 6. Joseph P. Addabbo (D), until April 10, 1986
  • Alton R. Waldon, Jr. (D), from June 10, 1986
• 7. Gary L. Ackerman (D)
• 8. James H. Scheuer (D)
• 9. Thomas J. Manton (D)
• 10. Charles E. Schumer (D)
• 11. Edolphus Towns (D)
• 12. Major R. Owens (D)
• 13. Stephen J. Solarz (D)
• 14. Guy V. Molinari (R)
• 15. S. William Green (R)
• 16. Charles B. Rangel (D)
• 17. Ted Weiss (D)
• 18. Robert Garcia (D)
• 19. Mario Biaggi (D)
• 20. Joseph J. DioGuardi (R)
• 21. Hamilton Fish, Jr. (R)
• 22. Benjamin A. Gilman (R)
• 23. Samuel S. Stratton (D)
• 24. Gerald B.H. Solomon (R)
• 25. Sherwood Boehlert (R)
• 26. David O'Brien Martin (R)
• 27. George C. Wortley (R)
• 28. Matthew F. McHugh (D)
• 29. Frank Horton (R)
• 30. Fred J. Eckert (R)
• 31. Jack Kemp (R)
• 32. John J. LaFalce (D)
• 33. Henry J. Nowak (D)
• 34. Stan Lundine (D)

North Carolina

(6-5 Republican)

• 1. Walter B. Jones, Sr. (D)
• 2. Tim Valentine (D)
• 3. Charles Whitley (D), until December 31, 1986
• 4. Bill Cobey (R)
• 5. Stephen L. Neal (D)
• 6. Howard Coble (R)
• 7. Charlie Rose (D)
• 8. Bill Hefner (D)
• 9. Alex McMillan (R)
• 10. James T. Broyhill (R), until July 14, 1986
  • Cass Ballenger (R), from November 4, 1986
• 11. Bill Hendon (R)

North Dakota

(1 Democrat)

• At-large. Byron Dorgan (D)

Ohio

(11-10 Democratic)

• 1. Tom Luken (D)
• 2. Bill Gradison (R)
• 3. Tony P. Hall (D)
• 4. Mike Oxley (R)
• 5. Del Latta (R)
• 6. Bob McEwen (R)
• 7. Mike DeWine (R)
• 8. Tom Kindness (R)
• 9. Marcy Kaptur (D)
• 10. Clarence E. Miller (R)
• 11. Dennis E. Eckart (D)
• 12. John Kasich (R)
• 13. Don Pease (D)
• 14. John F. Seiberling (D)
• 15. Chalmers Wylie (R)
• 16. Ralph Regula (R)
• 17. Jim Traficant (D)
• 18. Douglas Applegate (D)
• 19. Edward F. Feighan (D)
• 20. Mary Rose Oakar (D)
• 21. Louis Stokes (D)

Oklahoma

(5-1 Democratic)

• 1. James R. Jones (D)
• 2. Mike Synar (D)
• 3. Wes Watkins (D)
• 4. Dave McCurdy (D)
• 5. Mickey Edwards (R)
• 6. Glenn English (D)

Oregon

(3-2 Democratic)

• 1. Les AuCoin (D)
• 2. Robert Freeman Smith (R)
• 3. Ron Wyden (D)
• 4. James H. Weaver (D)
• 5. Denny Smith (R)

Pennsylvania

(13-10 Democratic)

• 1. Thomas M. Foglietta (D)
• 2. William H. Gray, III (D)
• 3. Robert A. Borski (D)
• 4. Joe Kolter (D)
• 5. Dick Schulze (R)
• 6. Gus Yatron (D)
• 7. Bob Edgar (D)
• 8. Peter H. Kostmayer (D)
• 9. Bud Shuster (R)
• 10. Joseph M. McDade (R)
• 11. Paul E. Kanjorski (D)
• 12. John P. Murtha (D)
• 13. Lawrence Coughlin (R)
• 14. William J. Coyne (D)
• 15. Donald L. Ritter (R)
• 16. Robert Smith Walker (R)
• 17. George W. Gekas (R)
• 18. Doug Walgren (D)
• 19. William F. Goodling (R)
• 20. Joseph M. Gaydos (D)
• 21. Tom Ridge (R)
• 22. Austin J. Murphy (D)
• 23. William F. Clinger (R)

Rhode Island

(1-1 split)

• 1. Fernand St. Germain (D)
• 2. Claudine Schneider (R)

South Carolina

(3-3 split)

• 1. Thomas F. Hartnett (R)
• 2. Floyd Spence (R)
• 3. Butler Derrick (D)
• 4. Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R)
• 5. John M. Spratt, Jr. (D)
• 6. Robin Tallon (D)

South Dakota

(1 Democrat)

• At-large. Thomas Daschle (D)

Tennessee

(6-3 Democratic)

• 1. James H. Quillen (R)
• 2. John J. Duncan, Sr. (R)
• 3. Marilyn Lloyd (D)
• 4. Jim Cooper (D)
• 5. Bill Boner (D)
• 6. Bart Gordon (D)
• 7. Don Sundquist (R)
• 8. Ed Jones (D)
• 9. Harold E. Ford, Sr. (D)

Texas

(17-10 Democratic)

• 1. Sam B. Hall (D), until May 27, 1985
  • Jim Chapman (D), from August 3, 1985
• 2. Charles Wilson (D)
• 3. Steve Bartlett (R)
• 4. Ralph M. Hall (D)
• 5. John Wiley Bryant (D)
• 6. Joe Barton (R)
• 7. Bill Archer (R)
• 8. Jack Fields (R)
• 9. Jack Brooks (D)
• 10. J. J. Pickle (D)
• 11. Marvin Leath (D)
• 12. Jim Wright (D)
• 13. Beau Boulter (R)
• 14. Mac Sweeney (R)
• 15. Kika de la Garza (D)
• 16. Ronald D. Coleman (D)
• 17. Charles W. Stenholm (D)
• 18. Mickey Leland (D)
• 19. Larry Combest (R)
• 20. Henry B. Gonzalez (D)
• 21. Tom Loeffler (R)
• 22. Tom DeLay (R)
• 23. Albert G. Bustamante (D)
• 24. Martin Frost (D)
• 25. Michael A. Andrews (D)
• 26. Richard K. Armey (R)
• 27. Solomon P. Ortiz (D)

Utah

(3 Republicans)

• 1. James V. Hansen (R)
• 2. David S. Monson (R)
• 3. Howard C. Nielson (R)

Vermont

(1 Republican)

• At-large. James M. Jeffords (R)

Virginia

(6-4 Republican)

• 1. Herbert H. Bateman (R)
• 2. G. William Whitehurst (R)
• 3. Thomas J. Bliley, Jr. (R)
• 4. Norman Sisisky (D)
• 5. Dan Daniel (D)
• 6. Jim Olin (D)
• 7. D. French Slaughter, Jr. (R)
• 8. Stan Parris (R)
• 9. Rick Boucher (D)
• 10. Frank R. Wolf (R)

Washington

(5-3 Democratic)

• 1. John Miller (R)
• 2. Al Swift (D)
• 3. Don Bonker (D)
• 4. Sid Morrison (R)
• 5. Thomas S. Foley (D)
• 6. Norman D. Dicks (D)
• 7. Mike Lowry (D)
• 8. Rod Chandler (R)

West Virginia

(4 Democrats)

• 1. Alan B. Mollohan (D)
• 2. Harley O. Staggers, Jr. (D)
• 3. Bob Wise (D)
• 4. Nick J. Rahall II (D)

Wisconsin

(5-4 Democratic)

• 1. Les Aspin (D)
• 2. Robert W. Kastenmeier (D)
• 3. Steve Gunderson (R)
• 4. Gerald D. Kleczka (D)
• 5. Jim Moody (D)
• 6. Thomas E. Petri (R)
• 7. David R. Obey (D)
• 8. Toby Roth (R)
• 9. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)

Wyoming

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Dick Cheney (R)

Non-voting members

(4-1 Democratic)

• American Samoa. Fofó Iosefa Fiti Sunia (D)
• District of Columbia. Walter E. Fauntroy (D)
• Guam. Ben Blaz (R)
• Puerto Rico. Jaime B. Fuster (PD)
• Virgin Islands. Ron de Lugo (D)

Changes in membership

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

|- | West Virginia
(2) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Seat remained vacant at end of previous congress until Sen-elect Rockefeller finished term as Governor of West Virginia | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jay Rockefeller (D) | January 15, 1985 |- | North Carolina
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John Porter East (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 29, 1986. Successor appointed until a Special Election. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jim Broyhill (R) | July 14, 1986 |- | North Carolina
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jim Broyhill (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Interim appointee lost Special Election.
His successor was elected to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Terry Sanford (D) | November 5, 1986 |}

House of Representatives

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | Indiana's 8th | Disputed | style="font-size:80%" | House declared McCloskey the winner after auditors from the US General Accounting Office conducted a recount and Republican floor votes were rejected | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Frank McCloskey (D) | May 1, 1985 |- | Louisiana's 8th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Gillis W. Long (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 20, 1985 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Catherine S. Long (D) | March 30, 1985 |- | Texas's 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Sam B. Hall (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 27, 1985 after being appointed judge for the US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jim Chapman (D) | August 3, 1985 |- | New York's 6th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Joseph P. Addabbo (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 10, 1986 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alton R. Waldon, Jr. (D) | June 10, 1986 |- | Hawaii's 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Cecil Heftel (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 11, 1986 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Neil Abercrombie (D) | September 20, 1986 |- | North Carolina's 10th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jim Broyhill (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 14, 1986 after being appointed to the US Senate | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Cass Ballenger (R) | November 4, 1986 |- | Illinois's 4th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | George M. O'Brien (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 17, 1986 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Illinois's 14th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John E. Grotberg (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died November 15, 1986 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | North Carolina's 3rd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Charles O. Whitley (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 1986 | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Aging (Special)
• Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
• Appropriations
  • Agriculture and Related Agencies
  • Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
  • Defense
  • District of Columbia
  • Energy and Water Development
  • Foreign Operations
  • HUD-Independent Agencies
  • Interior
  • Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
  • Legislative Branch
  • Military Construction
  • Transportation
  • Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
• Armed Services
  • Military Construction
  • Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces
  • Preparedness
  • Sea Power and Force Projection
  • Manpower and Personnel
  • Defense Acquistion Policy
• Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
  • Housing and Urban Affairs
  • International Finance and Monetary Policy
  • Financial Institutions and Consumer Affairs
  • Securities
  • Economic Policy
• Budget
• Commerce, Science and Transportation
  • Aviation
  • Business, Trade and Tourism
  • Communications
  • Consumer
  • Merchant Marine
  • Science, Technology and Space
  • Surface Transportation
  • National Ocean Policy Study
• Energy and Natural Resources
  • Energy Conservation and Supply
  • Natural Resources Development and Production
  • Energy Research and Development
  • Water and Power
  • Public Lands, Reserved Water and Resource Conservation
• Environment and Public Works
  • Environmental Pollution
  • Nuclear Regulation
  • Water Resources
  • Transportation
  • Regional and Community Development
  • Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight
• Ethics (Select)
• Finance
  • Taxation and Debt Management
  • International Trade
  • Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy
  • Economic Growth, Employment and Revenue
  • Energy and Agricultural Taxation
  • Health
  • Social Security and Income Maintenance Programs
  • Estate and Gift Taxation
  • Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service
• Foreign Relations
  • Western Hemisphere Affairs
  • International Economic Policy, Oceans and Environment
  • African Affairs
  • Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
  • European Affairs
  • East Asian and Pacific Affairs
• Governmental Affairs
  • Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
  • Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia
  • Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services
  • Intergovernmental Relations
  • Civil Service, Post Office and General Services
  • Oversight of Government Management
• Impeachment of Harry E. Claiborne (Select)
• Indian Affairs (Select)
• Judiciary
  • Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks
  • Criminal Law
  • Constitution
  • Immigration and Refugee Policy
  • Courts
  • Administration Practice and Procedure
  • Security and Terrorism
  • Juvenile Justice
• Intelligence (Select)
• Labor and Human Resources
  • Labor
  • Education, Arts and Humanities
  • Employment and Productivity
  • Handicapped
  • Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism
  • Aging
• Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)
• Rules and Administration
• Security and Cooperation in Europe (Special)
• Small Business
  • Urban and Rural Economic Development
  • Government Procurement
  • Productivity and Competition
  • Innovation and Technology
  • Export Promotion and Market Development
  • Small Business Family Farm
  • Entrepreneurship and Special Problems Facing Small Business
• Veterans' Affairs
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Aging (Select)
• Agriculture
  • Cotton, Rice and Sugar
  • Livestock, Dairy and Poultry
  • Tobacco and Peanuts
  • Wheat, Soybeans and Feed Grains
  • Conservation Credit and Rural Development
  • Department Operations Research and Foreign Agriculture
  • Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition
  • Forests, Family Farms and Energy
• Appropriations
  • Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
  • Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
  • Defense
  • District of Columbia
  • Energy and Water Development
  • Foreign Operations
  • HUD-Independent Agencies
  • Interior
  • Labor-Health and Human Services
  • Legislative
  • Military Construction
  • Transportation
  • Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
• Armed Services
  • Military Personnel and Compensation
  • Research and Development
  • Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials
  • Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems
  • Investigations
  • Readiness
  • Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Panel
  • Military Installations and Facilities
• Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
  • Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
  • Housing and Community Development
  • Consumer Affairs and Coinage
  • Domestic Monetary Policy
  • International Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy
  • General Oversight and Renegotiation
  • Economic Stabilization
  • International Development Institutions and Finance
• Budget
  • Defense and International Affairs
  • Economic Policy
  • Budget Process
  • State and Local Government
  • Human Resources
  • Community and Natural Resources
  • Health
  • Income Security
• Children, Youth and Families (Select)
• District of Columbia
  • Fiscal Affairs and Health
  • Government Operations and Metropolitan Affairs
  • Judiciary and Education
• Education and Labor
  • Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education
  • Postsecondary Education
  • Health and Safety
  • Labor-Management Relations
  • Labor Standards
  • Human Resources
  • Select Education
  • Employment Opportunities
• Energy and Commerce
  • Oversight and Investigations
  • Health and the Environment
  • Telecommunications, Consumer Protection and Finance
  • Fossil and Synthetic Fuels
  • Commerce, Transportation and Tourism
  • Energy Conservation and Power
• Foreign Affairs
  • Arms Control, International Security and Science
  • Europe and the Middle East
  • Human Rights and International Organizations
  • International Economic Policy and Trade
  • Asian and Pacific Affairs
  • International Operations
  • Western Hemisphere Affairs
  • Africa
• Government Operations
  • Legislation and National Security
  • Government Activities and Transportation
  • Government Information and Individual Rights
  • Ingovernmental Relations and Human Resources
  • Environment, Energy and Natural Resources
  • Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs
  • Employment and Housing
• House Administration
  • Accounts
  • Services
  • Office Systems
  • Personnel and Police
  • Elections
  • Procurement and Printing
• Hunger (Select)
• Interior and Insular Affairs
  • Energy and the Environment
  • Public Lands
  • General Oversight, Northwest Power and Forest Management
  • Water and Power Resources
  • Mining and Natural Resources
  • National Parks and Recreation
• Judiciary
  • Immigration, Refugees and International Law
  • Administrative Law and Governmental Relations
  • Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice
  • Civil and Constitutional Rights
  • Monopolies and Commercial Law
  • Crime
  • Criminal Justice
• Merchant Marine and Fisheries
  • Merchant Marine
  • Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment
  • Oceangraphy
  • Panama Canal and Outer Continental Stuff
  • Coast Guard and Navigation
  • Oversight and Investigations
• Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)
• Post Office and Civil Service
  • Civil Service
  • Census and Population
  • Postal Operations and Services
  • Compensation and Employee Benefits
  • Human Resources
  • Investigations
  • Postal Personnel and Modernization
• Public Works and Transportation
  • Aviation
  • Economic Development
  • Investigations and Oversight
  • Public Buildings and Grounds
  • Surface Transportation
  • Water Resources
• Rules
  • The Legislative Process
  • Rules of the House
• Science and Technology
  • Energy Development and Applications
  • Natural Resources, Agriculture Research and Environment
  • Energy Research and Production
  • Science, Research and Technology
  • Transportation, Aviation and Materials
  • Investigations and Oversight
  • Space Science and Applications
• Small Business
  • SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems
  • General Oversight and the Economy
  • Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business
  • Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business
  • Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities
  • Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Veterans' Affairs
  • Oversight and Investigations
  • Hospitals and Health Care
  • Education, Training and Employment
  • Compensation, Pension and Insurance
  • Housing and Memorial Affairs
• Ways and Means
  • Trade
  • Oversight
  • Select Revenue Measures
  • Health
  • Social Security
  • Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation
• Whole

Joint appointments

• Economic
• Taxation
• Library
• Printing

Employees and legislative agency directors

Legislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
• Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary (until 1986), William Narva (starting 1986)
• Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
• Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Rudolph G. Penner
• Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
• Public Printer of the United States: Ralph E. Kennickell, Jr.

Senate

• Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson
• Historian: Richard A. Baker
• Parliamentarian: Bob Dove
• Secretary: Jo-Anne L. Coe
• Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene, Jr.
• Secretary for the Minority: David Pratt
• Sergeant at Arms: Larry E. Smith (until June 3, 1985), Ernest W. Garcia (starting June 3, 1985)

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: James David Ford
• Clerk: Benjamin J. Guthrie
• Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
• Historian: Ray Smock
• Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
• Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
• Sergeant at Arms: Jack Russ

See also

• United States elections, 1984 (elections leading to this Congress)
  • United States presidential election, 1984
  • United States Senate elections, 1984
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1984
• United States elections, 1986 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • United States Senate elections, 1986
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1986

See also

• Related articles on a diagram

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 99th Congress (PDF).
• Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress.
• Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress (Revised).
• Official Congressional Directory for the 99th Congress.