Chick-fil-A

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Chick-fil-A, Inc.
Company typePrivate
IndustryRestaurants
FoundedAtlanta, Georgia, United States 1946
FounderS. Truett Cathy
Headquarters
College Park, Georgia
,
United States
Number of locations
1,800[1]
Key people
Dan T. Cathy, Chairman/CEO
ProductsSandwiches, chicken entrées
RevenueIncreaseUS$4.0 billion (2011)
Websitechick-fil-a.com
A Chick-fil-A in the food court of The Galleria in Uptown Houston, Texas
A series of Chick-fil-A trucks at the Airport West Distribution Center
Chick-fil-A at Holcombe and Buffalo Speedway, Houston, Texas
Chick-fil-A headquarters in College Park, Georgia

Chick-fil-A is an American fast food restaurant chain headquartered in the Atlanta suburb of College Park, Georgia, specializing in chicken sandwiches.[2][3] Founded in 1946, it has been associated with the Southern United States, where it has become a cultural icon.[4] Chick-fil-A has over 1,700 restaurants in 39 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, and is focusing future growth in the American Midwest, southern California, Canada, the Philippines, and South Korea.[5]

The company's culture is strongly influenced by its founder's Southern Baptist beliefs. Unlike most fast food restaurants and retail chain stores, all Chick-fil-A restaurants are closed for business on Sunday. In 2012, COO Dan Cathy's public statements in opposition to same-sex marriage became the subject of public controversy.

History

The chain's origin can be traced to the Dwarf Grill (now the Dwarf House, see below), a restaurant opened by S. Truett Cathy, the chain's former Chairman and CEO, in 1946. The restaurant is located in Hapeville, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta,[2] and is near the location of the now-demolished Ford Motor Company Atlanta Assembly Plant, for many years a source of many of the restaurant's patrons.

In 1961, after 15 years in the fast food business, Cathy found a pressure-fryer that could cook the chicken sandwich in the same amount of time it took to cook a fast-food hamburger.[6] Following this discovery, he registered the name Chick-fil-A, Inc. The company's current trademarked slogan, "We Didn't Invent the Chicken, Just the Chicken Sandwich," [7] refers to their flagship menu-item, the Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich.

Cathy initially called his creation a "chicken steak sandwich", but he wanted to create a more appealing name. Because the fillet is the best cut of beef, Cathy chose to call the chicken in his sandwiches a "fillet", hence the name "Chick-fil-A". The capital A is supposed to connote high quality.[8]

The first Chick-fil-A opened in 1967, in the food court of the Greenbriar Mall, in a suburb of Atlanta.[2] During the 1970s and early 1980s, the chain expanded by opening new franchises in suburban malls' food courts.[9] The first freestanding franchise was opened in 1986, and the company began to focus more on this type of franchise than on the food court type. Although it has expanded outward from its original geographic base, most new restaurants are located in Southern suburban areas.[2] As of 2012, the chain has approximately 1000 stand-alone locations.[2] It also has 32 drive-through-only locations.[2] Chick-fil-A also can be found at universities, hospitals, and airports through licensing agreements.[2]

Since 1994, the Atlanta-based company has been the title sponsor of the Peach Bowl, an annual college football bowl game played in Atlanta on New Year's Eve. Chick-fil-A also is a key sponsor of the SEC and the ACC of college athletics.[10][11]

Business model

Chick-fil-A uses a model significantly different from other restaurant franchises, notably in retaining ownership of each restaurant. Chick-fil-A selects the restaurant location, builds it and retains ownership. Whereas franchisees from competing chains pay almost $2 million up front to open a franchise, Chick-fil-A franchisees need only a $5,000 initial investment to become an operator.[1] The company gets 10,000–25,000 applications from potential franchise operators for 60–70 slots they open each year. Chick-fil-A gets a larger share of revenue from its franchises than other chains, but the formula works well for operators – franchisees make an average of $190,000 per year. In 2010 Chick-fil-A took the industry lead in average sales per restaurant, making an average of $2.7 million per restaurant in 2010 (McDonald's was second with $2.4 million per restaurant).[12]

Advertising

"Eat mor chikin" is the chain's most prominent advertising slogan, created by the The Richards Group in 1995. The slogan is often seen in advertisements, featuring cows that are often seen wearing (or holding) signs that [usually] read: "Eat mor chikin" in all capital letters. According to Chick-fil-A's advertising strategies, the cows have united in an effort to reform American food, in an effort to reduce the amount of beef that is eaten. They wish the American public to refrain from eating beef burgers, common at Chick-fil-A's competitors, such as McDonald's, Burger King, and Wendy's, and instead focus on eating chicken. The ad campaign was temporarily halted during a mad cow disease scare on January 1, 2004 so as not to make the chain seem insensitive or appear to be taking advantage of the scare to increase its sales. Two months later, the cows were put up again. The cows replaced the chain's old mascot, Doodles, an anthropomorphized chicken who still appears as the C on the logo.[13]

Chick-fil-A vigorously protects its intellectual property, sending cease and desist letters to those they think have infringed on their trademarks. The corporation has successfully protested at least 30 instances of the use of an "eat more" phrase, saying that the use would cause confusion of the public, dilute the distinctiveness of their intellectual property, and diminish its value.[14] A 2011 letter to Vermont artist Bo Muller-Moore who screen prints t-shirts reading: "Eat More Kale" demanded that he cease printing the shirts and turn over his website.[15] The incident has drawn criticism from Vermont governor Peter Shumlin, and has created backlash against what he termed Chick-fil-A's "corporate bullying."[16]

Distribution of Chick-fil-a stores in the U.S. by county.
Chick-fil-A Classic
The Chick-fil-A Classic is a high school basketball tournament held in Columbia, South Carolina.[17] The tournament is in its eighth year of operation, and features nationally ranked players, and teams.[18] The tournament is co-sponsored by the Greater Columbia Educational Advancement Foundation (GCEAF), which provides scholarships to high school seniors in the greater Columbia area.
Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl
The Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl is a college football bowl game played each year in Atlanta, Georgia.
Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game
The Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game is an annual early-season college football game played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. It features two highly ranked teams, one of which has always been from the Southeastern Conference. Starting with the 2012 season, the event will be expanded to two games.
Chick-fil-A Kyle Petty Charity Ride Across America
The Chick-fil-A Kyle Petty Charity Ride Across America is an annual charity motorcycle tour to raise money for, among other charities, the Victory Junction Gang Camp for terminally ill children.

Related restaurants

The Hapeville Dwarf House

Truett Cathy opened his first restaurant, The Dwarf Grill – later renamed the Dwarf House – in Hapeville, Georgia, in 1946, and developed the pressure-cooked chicken breast sandwich there.[2] At the original Chick-fil-A Dwarf Grill, in addition to the full-size entrances, there is also an extra small-sized front door.[19] The original Dwarf House in Hapeville, Georgia is open 24 hours a day, six days a week, except on Sundays. The store closes at 10:00 p.m. on Saturday nights and reopens at 6 a.m. on Monday mornings. It has a larger dine-in menu than the other Dwarf House locations as well as an animated seven dwarfs display in the back of the restaurant.[19]

Dwarf House

Truett's original, full-service restaurants offer an extensive menu, and provide customers a choice of table service, walk-up counter service or a drive-thru window. Eleven Chick-fil-A Dwarf House restaurants currently operate in the metro Atlanta area.[2]

Truett's Grill in Griffin, Georgia

Truett's Grill

In 1996, the first Truett's Grill was opened in Morrow, Georgia. The second location opened in 2003 in McDonough, Georgia, and a third location opened in 2006 in Griffin, Georgia.[20] Similar to the Chick-fil-A Dwarf Houses, these independently owned restaurants offer traditional, sit-down dining and expanded menu selections in a diner-themed atmosphere. One major difference from other Chick-fil-A restaurants, however, is the fact that beef products are served there, including steaks and hamburgers.[21][22][23]

Corporate culture

S. Truett Cathy was a devout Southern Baptist; his religious beliefs had a major impact on the company.[24] The company's official statement of corporate purpose says that the business exists "To glorify God by being a faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us. To have a positive influence on all who come in contact with Chick-fil-A."[25]

Cathy's beliefs are also responsible for one of the chain's distinctive features: all Chick-fil-A locations (corporate owned and franchised) are closed on Sundays,[26] as well as on Thanksgiving, and Christmas.[27] Cathy states as the final step in his Five-Step recipe for Business Success "I was not so committed to financial success that I was willing to abandon my principles and priorities. One of the most visible examples of this is our decision to close on Sunday. Our decision to close on Sunday was our way of honoring God and of directing our attention to things that mattered more than our business."[28]

In an interview with ABC News's Nightline, Truett's son Dan T. Cathy told reporter Vicki Mabrey that the company is also closed on Sundays because "by the time Sunday came, he was just worn out. And Sunday was not a big trading day, anyway, at the time. So he was closed that first Sunday and we've been closed ever since. He figured if he didn't like working on Sundays, that other people didn't either." The younger Cathy also quoted his father as saying, "I don't want to ask people to do that what I am not willing to do myself."[29]

Their website states, "The Chick-fil-A culture and service tradition in our Restaurants is to treat every person with honor, dignity and respect –regardless of their belief, race, creed, sexual orientation or gender."[30]

Same-sex marriage controversy

Main article: Chick-fil-A same-sex marriage controversy
The Chick-Fil-A in Port Charlotte, Florida, on August 1, 2012 "Chick-Fil-A Appreciation Day"
Protestors at Memphis, Tennessee, Chick-fil-A store on Same Sex Kiss Day

In January 2011, the media reported that Chick-fil-A was co-sponsoring a marriage conference with the Pennsylvania Family Institute (PFI), an organization that has opposed same-sex marriage legislation.[31] Chick-fil-A clarified that "one of our independent Restaurant Operators in Pennsylvania was asked to provide sandwiches to two Art of Marriage video seminars."[32] The WinShape Foundation, a charitable organization founded by Truett and his wife, also stated it would not allow same-sex couples to participate in its marriage retreats.[33][34]

Chick-fil-A has donated over $5 million, via WinShape, to anti-gay groups that oppose same-sex marriage. Of this, more than $3 million was donated primarily to Christian organizations whose agendas included positions that are anti-gay,[35] with the money donated between 2003 and 2009.[36] A total of $1.9 million was donated in 2010 to groups such as the Marriage & Family Foundation, Exodus International and the Family Research Council (FRC).[37] That year, the FRC, which received $1,000[36] was listed as an anti-gay[38] hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.[39][40][41] WinShape has also contributed to Christian groups including Fellowship of Christian Athletes and Exodus International, the latter noted for supporting ex-gay conversion therapy.[37] In response, students at several colleges and universities worked to ban or remove the company's restaurants from their campuses.[42]

In June and July 2012, Chick-fil-A Chief operating officer Dan T. Cathy made several public statements supporting the traditional family, saying about same-sex marriage that those who "have the audacity to define what marriage is about" were "inviting God's judgment on our nation".[43] Several prominent politicians expressed disapproval.[44] Boston Mayor Thomas Menino, and Chicago Alderman Proco "Joe" Moreno said they hoped to block franchise expansion into their areas.[45][46] The proposed bans drew criticism from liberal pundits, legal experts, and the American Civil Liberties Union.[47] The Jim Henson Company, which had a Pajanimals kids' meal toy licensing arrangement with Chick-fil-A, said it would cease its business relationship, and donate the payment to the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation.[48] Chick-fil-A stopped distributing the toys, citing unrelated safety concerns that had arisen prior to the controversy.[49] Chick-fil-A released a statement on July 31, 2012 saying, "We are a restaurant company focused on food, service and hospitality; our intent is to leave the policy debate over same-sex marriage to the government and political arena."[50]

Response

In response to the controversy, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee initiated a Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day movement to counter a boycott of Chick-fil-A launched by same-sex marriage activists.[51][52][53] More than 600,000 people RSVPed on Facebook for Huckabee's appreciation event.[52] On August 1, Chick-fil-A restaurants experienced a large show of public support across the nation with the company reporting record-breaking sales.[51][52][53] A consulting firm estimated that the average Chick-fil-A restaurant had 29.9 percent more sales and 367 more customers than on a typical Wednesday.[1]

Protesters staged a same-sex "kiss day" at Chick-fil-A restaurants nationwide on August 3, and suggested that supporters of same-sex marriage donate the cost of a Chick-fil-A meal to gay rights groups.[54]

Report of policy change

In September 2012, The Civil Rights Agenda (TCRA) announced that Chick-fil-A has "ceased donating to organizations that promote discrimination, specifically against LGBT civil rights." Chick-fil-A officials did state in an internal document that they "will treat every person equally, regardless of sexual orientation."[55] In a letter from Chick-fil-A’s Senior Director of Real Estate, the company states, “The WinShape Foundations is now taking a much closer look at the organizations it considers helping, and in that process will remain true to its stated philosophy of not supporting organizations with political agendas.”[56][57]

According to Chicago Alderman Proco "Joe" Moreno, Chick-fil-A has a statement of respect for all people regardless of sexual orientation in an internal document called Chick-fil-A: Who We Are. A document released by Chick-fil-A on September 20, 2012 does not mention any organizations opposed to same-sex marriage as being part of Chick-fil-A's donation base. WinShape Marriage will continue to be supported financially, with a stated focus on couple retreats to strengthen marriages.[58]

According to Focus on the Family's web site, CitizenLink.com, "Chick-fil-A and its charitable-giving arm, the WinShape Foundation, did not agree to stop making donations to groups that support the biblical definition of marriage in exchange for being allowed to open a franchise in Chicago." [59] Mike Huckabee stated that he “talked earlier today personally with Dan Cathy, CEO of Chick Fil-A about the new reports that Chick Fil-A had capitulated to demands of the supporters of same sex marriage. This is not true. The company continues to focus on the fair treatment of all of its customers and employees, but to end confusion gave me this statement.” The statement provided by Chick-fil-A was posted on Huckabee's website.[60][61]

Lawsuit over cancer risk

In 2006 a lawsuit was brought by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine against McDonald's, Applebee's, Outback Steakhouse, Chili's, T.G.I. Friday's, Burger King, and Chick-fil-A.[62] The organization asserted that cooking certain meats, including chicken, at high temperatures causes the formation of a heterocyclic amine called PhIP, a compound which has been shown to cause cancer in lab rats and mice.[63] A 2009 ruling for the defendants was followed by an August 2010 appeal decided in favor of the plaintiffs.[64] The matter has not been fully resolved, and is still before the courts of California.[when?][64][65]

Removal of questionable ingredients

In 2011, food blogger and activist Vani Hari wrote a post titled, Chick-fil-A or Chemical Fil-A?, on her website, FoodBabe.com. She noted that the chain's Chick-fil-A sandwich contained nearly 100 ingredients, including peanut oil with TBHQ.[66] In October 2012, Chick-fil-A invited Hari to meet with company executives at its Atlanta, GA headquarters.[67] In December 2013, Chick-fil-A notified Hari that it had eliminated the dye Yellow No. 5 and reduced sodium content in its chicken soup. The company also said that it is testing a peanut oil that does not contain TBHQ and will start testing sauces and dressings made without high-fructose corn syrup in 2014.[67]

Plan to eliminate antibiotics in chicken

In February 2014, Chick-fil-A announced plans to serve chicken raised without antibiotics in its restaurants nationwide within five years.[68][69] Chick-fil-A is the first quick-service restaurant to set forth a plan and commit to serving only poultry raised without antibiotics.[69]

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, antibiotics used in livestock, many of which are also used to treat humans, have contributed to the rise of dangerous bacteria. In December 2012, the FDA announced plans to phase out certain antibiotics in the food production industry.[70]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Company Fact Sheet". Retrieved July 30, 2012. "Headquarters Chick-fil-A, Inc. 5200 Buffington Road Atlanta, GA 30349-2998"
  3. ^ "City Maps City of College Park". Retrieved May 25, 2009. (Archive)
  4. ^ Green, Frank (December 7, 2006). "Food is family's matter | The San Diego Union-Tribune". Utsandiego.com. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  5. ^ "Chick-fil-A Celebrates 1,500th Restaurant Location, Continued Sales Growth in 2010", Chick-fil-A press release, August 2010 full text
  6. ^ Nickerson, Michelle; Darren Dochuk (2011). Sunbelt Rising: The Politics of Place, Space, and Region. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 295. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  7. ^ "We Didn't Invent the Chicken, Just the Chicken Sandwich". Detailed trademark information from the official US federal trademark database (USPTO). Trademark.Markify.Com. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  8. ^ "Creating the Original Chick-fil-A Sandwich". Chick-fil-A. June 1, 2006. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  9. ^ Darren Grem, "The World of Chick-Fil-A and the Business of Sunbelt Evangelicalism," Southern Spaces, March 8, 2012. http://www.southernspaces.org/2012/world-chick-fil-and-business-sunbelt-evangelicalism
  10. ^ Marilyn Odesser-Torpey. "Reaching Out to NASCAR Nation". QSR.
  11. ^ "Chick-fil-A, Dr Pepper Give Fans a Million Reasons to 'Eat Mor Chikin'". SEC Sports News.
  12. ^ Russell Grantham (December 28, 2011). Chick-fil-A model helps it lead "Chick-fil-A model helps it lead". ajc.com. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved July 29, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  13. ^ Joe Guy Collier (July 9, 2008). "Dress-as-a-cow day reflects Chick-fil-A's 'have fun' culture". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  14. ^ Ring, Wilson (November 28, 2011). "Eat more kale: A David vs. Goliath fight with Chick-fil-A?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  15. ^ Carapezza, Kirk (December 2, 2011). "In Vermont, Fighting For The Rights To 'Eat More'". Vermont Public Radio. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  16. ^ Bidgood, Jess (December 4, 2011). "Chicken Chain Says Stop, but T-Shirt Maker Balks". The New York Times.
  17. ^ "Welcome to 8th Annual Chick-Fil-A Classic.com". Chick-fil-aclassic.com. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  18. ^ "GCEAF". Chick-Fil-A Classic. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  19. ^ a b Bovino, Arthur. "Sandwich of the Week: Dwarf House Chick-fil-A, The Dwarf House in Atlanta – the original Chick-fil-A". The Daily Meal. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
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  22. ^ "Chick-fil-A: Truett's Grill – McDonough". Cfarestaurant.com. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  23. ^ "Chick-fil-A: Truett's Grill – Morrow". Cfarestaurant.com. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
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  25. ^ "Executive Biographies: Dan T. Cathy, President and Chief Operating Officer". Chick-fil-A. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
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  27. ^ "Chick-fil-A". Chick-fil-A. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  28. ^ About Truett. S. Truett Cathy. Retrieved May 26, 2009.
  29. ^ "Nightline(ABC-TV) presents: Chik-fil-A Wins Customers ... by closing". ABC News. September 23, 2009. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  30. ^ "FAQs: Current News".
  31. ^ *January 31, 2011 (January 31, 2011). "Chick-fil-A defends its values". Atlanta Business Chronicle. Retrieved July 29, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  34. ^ Jones, Michael (January 26, 2011). "Yes, Chick-fil-A Says, We Explicitly Do Not Like Same-Sex Couples". Change.Org. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
  35. ^ Ward, Alex (July 23, 2012). "The Muppets cut ties with Chick-Fil-A restaurant after president's anti-gay marriage comments". The Daily Mail. London. Retrieved August 22, 2012. The company, founded in 1946 by Cathy's father, S. Truett Cathy, has also come under fire for donating more than $3million between 2003 and 2009 to Christian organisations with a well-known anti-gay agenda, among them the Marriage & Family Foundation and the Family Research Council.
  36. ^ a b
  37. ^ a b O'Connor, Clare (August 3, 2012). "Meet The Cathys: Your Guide To The Billionaires Behind Chick-fil-A". The billionaire beat: wealth, entrepreneurs and money in politics. Forbes. Retrieved August 7, 2012. WinShape is the vehicle through which Chick-fil-A, and by extension the Cathys, have made about $5 million of donations to anti-gay marriage groups since 2003, with $1.9 million of that donated in 2010 to outfits including the Family Research Council and Marriage & Family Foundation. They've written checks to Exodus International, famous for "ex-gay" conversion therapy, and the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, whose website includes a testimonial from a coach "delivered" from homosexuality.
  38. ^ "Hate Map - Southern Poverty Law Center". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  39. ^ Chick-fil-A Kiss-Ins Divide LGBT Movement
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  41. ^ Dutton, Nick (August 18, 2012). "Shooting sparks controversy over 'hate' designation for conservative group". wtvr.com. Retrieved August 18, 2012. The SPLC says the conservative Washington policy group is listed as a hate group because "it has knowingly spread false and denigrating propaganda" about lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender people.
  42. ^ On January 28, 2013, Shane L. Windmeyer, leader of Campus Pride, suspended their campaign. [1]
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  45. ^ *Turner, Greg (July 20, 2012). "Mayor Menino on Chick-fil-A: Stuff it". The Boston Herald. Retrieved July 21, 2012. Chick-fil-A doesn't belong in Boston. You can't have a business in the city of Boston that discriminates against a population. We're an open city, we're a city that's at the forefront of inclusion... That's the Freedom Trail. That's where it all started right here. And we're not going to have a company, Chick-fil-A or whatever the hell the name is, on our Freedom Trail.
  46. ^ Dardick, Hal (July 25, 2012). "Alderman to Chick-fil-A: No deal". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
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  50. ^ Robinson, Steve (July 31, 2012). Chick-fil-A Response to Recent Controversy. Retrieved August 5, 2012
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  54. ^ CNN Wire Staff (August 4, 2012) Gay rights activists hold 'kiss day' at Chick-fil-A restaurants
  55. ^ Wong, Curtis (September 19, 2012). "Chick-Fil-A Agrees To Cease Funding To Anti-Gay Organizations, Chicago LGBT Group Claims". Social Reading. Huffington Post. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
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  67. ^ a b Strom, Stephanie. "Social Media as a Megaphone to Pressure the Food Industry". New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  68. ^ "Our Journey: Antibiotic-Free Chicken". Chick-fil-A. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
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  70. ^ Landau, Elizabeth (February 12, 2014). "Chick-fil-A to serve antibiotic-free chicken". CNN. Retrieved February 13, 2014.

External links

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