Jump to content

Benzatropine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 70.161.228.61 (talk) at 02:02, 21 September 2016 (→Pharmacology). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Benzatropine
Clinical data
Trade namesCogentin
Other namesBenztropine
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Routes of
administration		Oral, IM, IV
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life12-24 hours
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
  • (3-endo)-3-(Diphenylmethoxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H25NO
Molar mass307.429 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CN4[C@@H]1CC[C@H]4C[C@H](C1)OC(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3
  • InChI=1S/C21H25NO/c1-22-18-12-13-19(22)15-20(14-18)23-21(16-8-4-2-5-9-16)17-10-6-3-7-11-17/h2-11,18-21H,12-15H2,1H3/t18-,19+,20+ checkY
  • Key:GIJXKZJWITVLHI-PMOLBWCYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Benzatropine (INN), also known as benztropine (USAN, BAN), is an anticholinergic marketed under the trade name Cogentin which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism, and dystonia.

Medical uses

Benzatropine is an anticholinergic drug used in patients to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic treatment. Benzatropine is also a second-line drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It improves tremor, but not rigidity and bradykinesia[citation needed]. Benzatropine is also sometimes used for the treatment of dystonia, a rare disorder that causes abnormal muscle contraction, resulting in twisting postures of limbs, trunk, or face. In veterinary medicine, benzatropine is used to treat priapism in stallions.[1]

Adverse effects

These are principally anticholinergic:

While some studies suggest that use of anticholinergics increases the risk of tardive dyskinesia (a long-term side effect of antipsychotics),[2][3] other studies have found no association between anticholinergic exposure and risk of developing tardive dyskinesia,[4] although symptoms may be worsened.[5]

Drugs that decrease cholinergic transmission may impair storage of new information into long-term memory. Anticholinergic agents can also impair time perception.[6]

Pharmacology

Benzatropine is a centrally acting anticholinergic/antihistamine agent. It is a selective M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Benzatropine partially blocks cholinergic activity in the basal ganglia and has also been shown to increase the availability of dopamine by blocking its reuptake and storage in central sites, and as a result, increasing dopaminergic activity. Animal studies have indicated that anticholinergic activity of benzatropine is approximately one-half that of atropine, while its antihistamine activity approaches that of mepyramine. Its anticholinergic effects have been established as therapeutically significant in the management of Parkinsonism. Benzatropine antagonizes the effect of acetylcholine, decreasing the imbalance between the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and dopamine, which may improve the symptoms of early Parkinson's disease.[7]

Benzatropine analogues are atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors,[8] which might make them useful for people with akathisia secondary to antipsychotic therapy.[9]

Benzatropine also acts as a functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA).[10]

Benzatropine has been also identified, by a high throughput screening approach, as a potent differentiating agent for oligodendrocytes, possibly working through M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors. In preclinical models for multiple sclerosis, benzatropine decreased clinical symptoms and enhanced re-myelination.[11]

According to one source, benztropine has a reported Ki of 119nM for DA, 32nM for NA, and >10knM for 5-HT, respectively.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Wilson, DV; Nickels, FA; Williams, MA (1 Nov 1991). "Pharmacologic treatment of priapism in two horses". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association: 1183–4. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ^ Kane JM, Smith JM (1982). "Tardive dyskinesia: Prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979". Archives of General Psychiatry. 39 (4): 473–81. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010. PMID 6121548.
  3. ^ Wszola BA, Newell KM, Sprague RL (2001). "Risk factors for tardive dyskinesia in a large population of youths and adults". Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 9 (3): 285–96. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.9.3.285. PMID 11534539.
  4. ^ van Harten PN, Hoek HW, Matroos GE, Koeter M, Kahn RS (1998). "Intermittent neuroleptic treatment and risk for tardive dyskinesia: Curaçao Extrapyramidal Syndromes Study III". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 155 (4): 565–7. PMID 9546009.
  5. ^ Yassa R (1988). "Tardive dyskinesia and anticholinergic drugs. A critical review of the literature". L'Encephale. 14 (Spec No): 233–9. PMID 3063514.
  6. ^ Gelenberg AJ, Van Putten T, Lavori PW, Wojcik JD, Falk WE, Marder S, Galvin-Nadeau M, Spring B, Mohs RC, Brotman AW (1989). "Anticholinergic effects on memory: benztropine versus amantadine". Clinical Psychopharmacology. 9 (3): 180–5. doi:10.1097/00004714-198906000-00004. PMID 2661606.
  7. ^ MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. MIMS.
  8. ^ Hiranita T, Kohut SJ, Soto PL, Tanda G, Kopajtic TA, Katz JL (2014). "Preclinical efficacy of N-substituted benztropine analogs as antagonists of methamphetamine self-administration in rats". J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 348 (1): 174–91. doi:10.1124/jpet.113.208264. PMC 3868882. PMID 24194527.
  9. ^ "A controlled comparison of the effects of propranolol, benztropine, and placebo on akathisia: an interim analysis". 1993. PMID 8290678. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ Kornhuber J, Muehlbacher M, Trapp S, Pechmann S, Friedl A, Reichel M, Mühle C, Terfloth L, Groemer T, Spitzer G, Liedl K, Gulbins E, Tripal P (2011). "Identification of novel functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e23852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023852. PMC 3166082. PMID 21909365.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ Deshmukh VA, Tardif V, Lyssiotis CA, Green CC, Kerman B, Kim HJ, Padmanabhan K, Swoboda JG, Ahmad I, Kondo T, Gage FH, Theofilopoulos AN, Lawson BR, Schultz PG, Lairson LL (2013). "A regenerative approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis". Nature. 502 (7471): 327–332. doi:10.1038/nature12647. PMID 24107995.
  12. ^ Wong, David T.; Bymaster, Frank P. (1978). "An inhibitor of dopamine uptake, LR5182, CIS-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-N, N-dimethylaminomethyl-bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane, hydrochloride". Life Sciences. 23 (10): 1041–1047. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(78)90664-1. ISSN 0024-3205.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benzatropine&oldid=740435584"