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List of Internet top-level domains

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This list of Internet top-level domain extensions contains all top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet.

The official list of all top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).[1] IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains. As of January 2016, the root domain contains 1205 top-level domains,[2] while a few have been retired and are no longer functional.

Types

Main article: Top-level domain § Types

As of 2015, IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:[3]

Original top-level domains

Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and pre-date the creation of ICANN in 1998.[4]

Name Entity Administrator[5] Notes IDN DNSSEC
.com commercial Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the "main" TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name, to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense. Yes Yes
.org organization Public Interest Registry This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by non-profit organizations, and still primarily used by some. Yes Yes
.net network Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by domains pointing to a distributed network of computers, or "umbrella" sites that act as the portal to a set of smaller websites. Yes Yes
.int international organizations Internet Assigned Numbers Authority The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few grandfathered domains do not meet these criteria. No No
.edu U.S. higher education Educause (via Verisign) The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies maintained by the United States Department of Education. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names. No Yes
.gov U.S. national and state government agencies General Services Administration (via Verisign) The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies. No Yes
.mil U.S. military United States Department of Defense The .mil TLD is limited to use by the United States military. No Yes

Infrastructure top-level domain

Infrastructure Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.arpa "Address and Routing Parameter Area" Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD. No Yes

Country code top-level domains

Table legend
Name DNS name of the two-letter country-code top-level domain. They follow ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, with some exceptions.
Entity Country, dependency, or region
Explanation Explanation of the code when not self-evident from the English name of the country
Notes General remarks
IDN Support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
DNSSEC Presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
SLD Allows second-level domain registration (restrictions may apply)
IPv6 Registry fully supports IPv6 access
Name Entity Explanation Notes IDN DNSSEC SLD IPv6
.ac  Ascension Island Commonly used for academic websites, such as universities. However, .ac is not to be confused with the official British academic domain .ac.uk. Also used in the accounting, consulting, and air-conditioning industries. Yes Yes Yes Yes
.ad  Andorra Local trademark, trade name or citizenship required[6][7] Yes Yes
.ae  United Arab Emirates No Yes
.af  Afghanistan Yes Yes
.ag  Antigua and Barbuda Also unofficially used by German businesses (where AG is an abbreviation of Aktiengesellschaft) Yes Yes
.ai  Anguilla No Yes
.al  Albania Citizenship no longer required No Yes
.am  Armenia Also unofficially used by AM radio stations, podcasts or related business No Yes Yes Yes
.an  Netherlands Antilles Local presence required; Netherlands Antilles were dissolved on October 10, 2010. No Yes
.ao  Angola No Un­known
.aq  Antarctica Antarctique Defined by the Antarctic Treaty as everything south of latitude 60°S. AQ domain names are available to government organizations who are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty and to other registrants who have a physical presence in Antarctica. No Yes
.ar  Argentina Spanish[cctld 1] Yes No Yes
.as  American Samoa Also unofficially used by the Principality of Asturias, Spain Yes No Yes
.at  Austria Yes Yes
.au  Australia Restrictions apply. In general, registrants must be Australian, and must have a minimum 2 year registration period.[8] Includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands. Yes No
.aw  Aruba Aruba, West Indies Restricted to registered Aruban companies, organisations and citizens Yes Yes
.ax  Åland Restricted to registered Åland companies, organisations and citizens No Yes
.az  Azerbaijan No Yes
.ba  Bosnia and Herzegovina No Yes
.bb  Barbados No Yes
.bd  Bangladesh Yes No Yes
.be  Belgium Also unofficially used in the canton of Bern, Switzerland Latin[9] Yes Yes Yes[10]
.bf  Burkina Faso No Yes
.bg  Bulgaria Russian and Bulgarian[9] Yes Yes
.bh  Bahrain No Yes
.bi  Burundi No Yes
.bj  Benin No Yes
.bm  Bermuda Local corporate registration required No Yes
.bn  Brunei No No
.bo  Bolivia No Yes
.bq  Bonaire Not yet assigned as of 1 December 2015
.br  Brazil Restricted. Registration is done under several categories (i.e.: .edu.br for higher education institutions, .gov.br for government agencies, etc.)[11] Yes[12] Yes No[cctld 2]
.bs  Bahamas No Yes
.bt  Bhutan No No
.bv  Bouvet Island Not in use (Norwegian dependency; see .no). No No No
.bw  Botswana No Yes
.by  Belarus Byelorussia also unofficially used to denote Bayern (Bavaria), Germany Yes Yes
.bz  Belize Yes Yes
.ca  Canada Subject to Canadian Presence Requirements.[13] French[cctld 3] Yes Yes
.cc  Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian territory: not to be confused with Cocos islands in Guam. Also used as a free domain service to the public as cc.cc, cu.cc or cz.cc domain. Yes Yes
.cd  Democratic Republic of the Congo No Yes
.cf  Central African Republic Also used as a free domain service to the public. No Yes
.cg  Republic of the Congo No Yes
.ch   Switzerland Confoederatio Helvetica Yes[cctld 4] Yes Yes
.ci  Côte d'Ivoire No Yes
.ck  Cook Islands No Yes
.cl  Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes
.cm  Cameroon A local entity/company in Cameroon is required to register a domain name. No Yes
.cn  People's Republic of China A local company in China is required to register a domain name, or for personal registrations a valid Resident Identity Card. See ICP license for more information regarding registrations. Hong Kong and Macau also maintain TLDs. Yes Yes
.co  Colombia Marketed as a global domain – recognized as a gccTLD by Google. Anyone can register. Yes Yes
.cr  Costa Rica Yes Yes
.cu  Cuba No Yes
.cv  Cape Verde No Yes
.cw  Curaçao Curaçao, West Indies No Un­known
.cx  Christmas Island Yes Yes
.cy  Cyprus No No
.cz  Czech Republic No[cctld 5] Yes Yes
.de  Germany Deutschland German postal address for administrative contact (admin-c) required. Proxy registrations are allowed. Yes[cctld 6] Yes Yes Yes
.dj  Djibouti No Yes
.dk  Denmark Yes[cctld 7] Yes Yes
.dm  Dominica No Yes
.do  Dominican Republic No Yes
.dz  Algeria Dzayer (from Al-Jazair) No Yes
.ec  Ecuador No Yes
.ee  Estonia Eesti Yes[cctld 8] Yes Yes
.eg  Egypt No Yes
.eh  Western Sahara Saguia el-Hamra .eh is reserved for Western Sahara, but does not exist in the root.
.er  Eritrea Inactive – The domain registrar Eritrea Telecommunication Services Corporation offers no services to register domains. No No
.es  Spain España Yes Yes
.et  Ethiopia No No
.eu  European Union Restricted to legal and natural persons in European Union member states. Previously unofficially used for sites in the Basque language, but now .eus is in official use. Yes[cctld 9] Yes Yes Yes[15]
.fi  Finland Restricted to legal and natural persons residing in Finland. Yes[cctld 10] Yes Yes
.fj  Fiji No Yes
.fk  Falkland Islands No No
.fm  Federated States of Micronesia Also unofficially used by FM radio stations, podcasts or related business No Yes
.fo  Faroe Islands Føroyar Yes Yes
.fr  France Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 11] Yes[cctld 12] Yes Yes
.ga  Gabon Also used as a free domain service to the public. No Yes
.gb  United Kingdom Great Britain Deprecated.[16] The primary ccTLD used for the United Kingdom is .uk. No No
.gd  Grenada Yes Yes
.ge  Georgia Available for registration for residents of Georgia (unlimited) or for foreign companies via representation of any local legal person (one domain name per registrant)[17] No No Yes
.gf  French Guiana Guyane française No
.gg  Guernsey Commonly used in reference to the gamer slang for good game. No Yes
.gh  Ghana No No
.gi  Gibraltar Yes Yes
.gl  Greenland Previously also unofficially used in Galicia, Spain, but now .gal has been approved for such use and was implemented in mid-2014 Yes Yes
.gm  The Gambia Domain name should match the domain owners name or trademarks. Common nouns are blocked. No Yes
.gn  Guinea A local contact is required Yes No
.gp  Guadeloupe Still used for Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin No Yes
.gq  Equatorial Guinea Guinée équatoriale Also used as a free domain service to the public. No
.gr  Greece Yes[cctld 13] Yes Yes
.gs  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Yes Yes
.gt  Guatemala Yes No Yes
.gu  Guam No No
.gw  Guinea-Bissau No Yes
.gy  Guyana No Yes
.hk  Hong Kong Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Yes No Yes
.hm  Heard Island and McDonald Islands No Yes
.hn  Honduras Yes Yes
.hr  Croatia Hrvatska Yes Yes
.ht  Haiti Yes No Yes
.hu  Hungary citizens of EU or entity established by virtue of law in the territory of EU   Yes Yes
.id  Indonesia Restricted to Indonesian companies (co.id), organisations (or.id), academic (ac.id & sch.id) and citizens (biz.id, my.id & web.id). Second-level domains are becoming available now and opened to general registration on August 17, 2014.[18] Yes Yes Yes
.ie  Ireland In 2002, registration was expanded to include persons or businesses with a "real and substantive" connection with the island of Ireland (including Northern Ireland).[19][20] No Yes Yes
.il  Israel Yes No No
.im  Isle of Man No Yes
.in  India Under INRegistry since April 2005 (except: gov.in, nic.in, mil.in, ac.in, edu.in, res.in). Yes Yes
.io  British Indian Ocean Territory Used unofficially by technology companies, startups, and web applications because IO can be an acronym for input/output that is useful for domain hacks. Yes Yes
.iq  Iraq Partial[21] Yes
.ir  Iran Yes No Yes
.is  Iceland Ísland Yes Yes Yes
.it  Italy Restricted to companies and individuals in the European Union. Yes[cctld 14] No Yes
.je  Jersey -je is used in Dutch to form a diminutive: boek = a book, boekje = a little book No Yes
.jm  Jamaica No No
.jo  Jordan No Yes
.jp  Japan Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Japan. Yes Yes
.ke  Kenya Yes No
.kg  Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes
.kh  Cambodia Khmer No No
.ki  Kiribati Yes Yes
.km  Comoros Komori No Yes
.kn  Saint Kitts and Nevis No Yes
.kp  North Korea No No
.kr  South Korea Yes Yes Yes
.kw  Kuwait No No
.ky  Cayman Islands Restricted to qualified Cayman entities[22] Yes Yes
.kz  Kazakhstan No Yes
.la  Laos Currently being marketed as the unofficial domain for Los Angeles[23] Yes Yes
.lb  Lebanon Restricted to registration with a company in Lebanon Yes No
.lc  Saint Lucia Yes Yes
.li  Liechtenstein Also used by Long Island Yes Yes Yes
.lk  Sri Lanka Lanka   Yes Yes
.lr  Liberia Partial[21] No
.ls  Lesotho No No
.lt  Lithuania Yes Yes Yes
.lu  Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes
.lv  Latvia Yes Yes Yes
.ly  Libya No Yes
.ma  Morocco Maroc Also used as a free domain service to the public as cu.ma Partial[21] Yes
.mc  Monaco Only for companies with a trademark registered in Monaco No Yes
.md  Moldova Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Moldova. No Yes
.me  Montenegro Yes Yes
.mg  Madagascar No Yes
.mh  Marshall Islands No
.mk  Macedonia Makedonija Restricted to registration with a company in Macedonia No Yes
.ml  Mali Also used as a free domain service to the public. No Yes
.mm  Myanmar Yes No
.mn  Mongolia The second-level domains '.gov.mn', '.org.mn', and '.edu.mn' are reserved for special use. See .mn for more information. Yes Yes
.mo  Macau Macao Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Registrants must have a registered business in Macau, with the same name as the domain they wish to register.[24] No Yes
.mp  Northern Mariana Islands Marianas Pacific No Yes
.mq  Martinique No No
.mr  Mauritania No Yes
.ms  Montserrat Unofficially used for Microsoft-related domains. No Yes
.mt  Malta No No
.mu  Mauritius No Yes
.mv  Maldives No Yes
.mw  Malawi No Yes
.mx  Mexico Yes Yes
.my  Malaysia Restricted to registration by an individual or company in Malaysia Yes[cctld 15] Yes Yes
.mz  Mozambique No No
.na  Namibia Yes Yes
.nc  New Caledonia   Restricted to companies that have a New Caledonian Business Registration Certificate or individuals living in New Caledonia for at least 6 months. Yes Yes
.ne  Niger No Yes
.nf  Norfolk Island Yes Yes
.ng  Nigeria No Yes
.ni  Nicaragua No No
.nl  Netherlands First official country code TLD.[25] No Yes Yes
.no  Norway Businesses and professionals must be registered as an approved type of organization in the Brønnøysund Register Centre. Individual applicants must be of age (18 years) and be registered in the Folkeregisteret. All applicants must have a Norwegian postal address. Yes Yes Yes
.np    Nepal All .np domains are free to register for individuals and registered businesses. No No
.nr  Nauru Also used as a free domain service to the public as co.nr. No Yes
.nu  Niue Commonly used by Danish, Dutch and Swedish websites, because in those languages "nu" means "now". Yes Yes Yes
.nz  New Zealand Māori[cctld 16] Yes Yes[26]
.om  Oman Registrant must have company or trademark registered in Oman as well as a local administrative contact. No No
.pa  Panama No No
.pe  Peru Yes[cctld 17] Yes Yes
.pf  French Polynesia Polynésie française With Clipperton Island No Yes
.pg  Papua New Guinea No No
.ph  Philippines No Yes
.pk  Pakistan Operated by PKNIC since 1992 No Yes
.pl  Poland Yes[cctld 18] Yes Yes
.pm  Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 11] Yes Yes
.pn  Pitcairn Islands No Yes
.pr  Puerto Rico Yes Yes
.ps  Palestine[27] West Bank and Gaza Strip. No Yes
.pt  Portugal Portuguese Yes Yes Yes[28]
.pw  Palau Pelew Yes Yes
.py  Paraguay No No
.qa  Qatar No No
.re  Réunion Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 11] Yes[cctld 12] Yes Yes
.ro  Romania No Yes Yes[29]
.rs  Serbia Republika Srbija No Yes
.ru  Russia See also .su, still in use, and .рф, for IDN. No Yes Yes Yes
.rw  Rwanda No Yes
.sa  Saudi Arabia Registrant must have a registered trademark in Saudi Arabia matching the domain name to register or provide company incorporation documents of a company in Saudi Arabia or for personal registrations a copy of valid ID. A letter on the official letterhead of your organization addressed to SaudiNIC requesting the domain name registration is also required. Local administrative contact required. 2LD registrations rolled out in 2011.[30] Arabic[9] No Yes
.sb  Solomon Islands Solomon Islands, British Yes No
.sc  Seychelles Yes Yes
.sd  Sudan No Yes
.se  Sweden Yes[cctld 19] Yes Yes
.sg  Singapore No Yes
.sh  Saint Helena Yes[cctld 20] Yes Yes
.si  Slovenia Yes[cctld 21] Yes Yes
.sj  Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no). No Yes[31] No
.sk  Slovakia Restricted to Slovak companies, organisations and citizens No Yes
.sl  Sierra Leone No Yes
.sm  San Marino Domain name must be same as company name or trademark No Yes
.sn  Senegal No Yes
.so  Somalia Relaunched on November 1, 2010 No No Yes
.sr  Suriname No Yes
.ss  South Sudan Removed from the root DNS zone in April 2013
.st  São Tomé and Príncipe No Yes
.su  Soviet Union Still in use. Yes[cctld 22] Yes Yes Yes[cctld 23]
.sv  El Salvador No No
.sx  Sint Maarten Yes No
.sy  Syria No Yes
.sz  Swaziland Registration is restricted to Swaziland organizations with Swaziland Trading Licenses. No No
.tc  Turks and Caicos Islands .TC domains are also marketed in Turkey. The official abbreviation of 'Türkiye Cumhuriyeti' (Republic of Turkey) is TC. No Yes
.td  Chad Tchad Chadian (.td) domains are available for registration to entities connected with Chad only. No Yes
.tf  French Southern and Antarctic Lands Terres australes et antarctiques françaises Seldom used. Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 11] Yes[cctld 12] Yes Yes
.tg  Togo No Yes
.th  Thailand Yes Yes No
.tj  Tajikistan No Yes
.tk  Tokelau Also used as a free domain service to the public. Used in the Netherlands because tk ('te koop') means 'for sale' in Dutch. No Yes
.tl  East Timor Timor-Leste Old code .tp is deactivated since 2015. No Yes
.tm  Turkmenistan Yes[cctld 24] Yes Yes
.tn  Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes
.to  Tonga Often used unofficially for Torrent, Turin, Toronto, Tokyo, or Tocantins Yes No Yes
.tp  East Timor Timor Português ISO code has changed to TL; .tl is now assigned and .tp is deactivated since 2015. No Yes
.tr  Turkey .nc.tr used by Northern Cyprus Yes[cctld 25] No Yes Yes[32]
.tt  Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes
.tv  Tuvalu Used as an abbreviation of television, the domain is currently operated by dotTV, a VeriSign company; the Tuvalu government owns twenty percent of the company. Yes Yes
.tw  Taiwan Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. In line with ISO 3166-1, IANA's official position is that “TW” is "designated for use to represent "Taiwan."[33] Yes[cctld 26] Yes Yes
.tz  Tanzania Must have a presence in Tanzania Yes No
.ua  Ukraine Ukraina Ukrainian trademark required Yes Yes
.ug  Uganda Yes Yes
.uk  United Kingdom The ISO 3166-1 code for the United Kingdom is GB. UK is a specially reserved ISO 3166-1 code. However, the creation of the .uk TLD predates the ISO 3166-1 list of ccTLD and is the primary TLD for the United Kingdom.[16] Yes Yes
.us  United States of America Registrants must be United States citizens, residents, or organizations, or a foreign entity with a presence in the United States. Formerly commonly used by U.S. State and local governments, see also .gov TLD Yes Yes
.uy  Uruguay 2LD rollout began on 10 July 2012.[34] Yes Yes
.uz  Uzbekistan No Yes
.va  Vatican City Vaticano Limited to the official sites of the Holy See (including those of the Vatican City State) No No
.vc  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Partial[21] Yes
.ve  Venezuela No No
.vg  British Virgin Islands No Yes
.vi  United States Virgin Islands No Yes
.vn  Vietnam Yes[cctld 27] No Yes
.vu  Vanuatu Yes Yes
.wf  Wallis and Futuna Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 11] Yes[cctld 12] Yes Yes
.ws  Samoa Western Samoa Marketed for use in general WebSites Yes Yes[35] Yes
.ye  Yemen No No
.yt  Mayotte Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 11] Yes[cctld 12] Yes Yes
.za  South Africa Zuid-Afrika No No
.zm  Zambia Yes Yes[cctld 28]
.zw  Zimbabwe No No

Notes

  1. ^ (November 17, 2009) Spanish-Portuguese specific characters (á, â, ã, à, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ñ, ç) allowed, as approved by law
  2. ^ Currently not allowed, but some higher-learning institutions were grandfathered in.
  3. ^ "About Internationalized Domain Names" (PDF). Cira.ca. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  4. ^ Since March 2004, see details
  5. ^ IDN not adopted due to lack of public and corporate interest[14]
  6. ^ 93 non-ASCII characters, see details
  7. ^ (January 1, 2004), (æ, ø, å, ö, ä, ü, & é): see details Archived 2007-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Estonian domain names to incorporate diacritics (IDN) Starting from June 13, 2011 [1]
  9. ^ Supported characters (Latin, Greek, Cyrillic): see details
  10. ^ (September 2005) Supported characters (Latin): see details
  11. ^ a b c d e f (6 December 2011) "Opening to Europe of the .fr, .wf, .re, .yt, .pm, and .tf TLDs"..
    Before restricted to residents of the corresponding French territory.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Availability of IDN on the .fr, .yt, .pm, .wf, .tf, and .re TLDs". Afnic.fr. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  13. ^ Support for Greek characters since July 2005, see details
  14. ^ "Idn: un successo". Nic.it. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  15. ^ ".my Domain Registry". Domainregistry.my. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  16. ^ "F.A.Q. for Domain Names with macrons (IDNs) - .nz Domain Name Commission". Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  17. ^ (8 December 2007): see details
  18. ^ "www.dns.pl: IDN". Retrieved 11 September 2003.
  19. ^ (October 2003), for Swedish characters, summer 2007 also for Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish: see details
  20. ^ "IDN Code Points Policy for the .SH Top Level Domain" (PDF). Nic.sh. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  21. ^ Since October 2010, see details
  22. ^ (28 April 2008) see details
  23. ^ "ccTLD.su". Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  24. ^ "IDN Code Points Policy for the .TM Top Level Domain" (PDF). Nic.tm. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  25. ^ (14 November 2006): see details
  26. ^ Traditional Chinese characters: see details
  27. ^ "TRUNG TÂM INTERNET VIÊT NAM – Tên mien tieng viet". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Restricted to ISPs and other undefined entities. See .zm

Internationalized country code top-level domains

DNS name IDN ccTLD Country Language Script Transliteration Comments Other ccTLD DNSSEC
xn--lgbbat1ad8j الجزائر.  Algeria Arabic Arabic (Arabic) al Jaza'ir .dz No
xn--y9a3aq .հայ  Armenia Armenian Armenian hay Not in use .am Yes
xn--54b7fta0cc .বাংলা  Bangladesh Bengali Bengali Bangla Not delegated .bd No
xn--90ais .бел  Belarus Belarusian Cyrillic bel .by No
xn--90ae .бг[36]  Bulgaria Bulgarian Cyrillic bg Not delegated .bg No
xn--fiqs8s .中国  China Chinese Chinese (Simplified) Zhōngguó .cn Yes
xn--fiqz9s .中國  China Chinese Chinese (Traditional) Zhōngguó .cn Yes
xn--wgbh1c مصر.  Egypt Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Masr [37] .eg Yes
xn--e1a4c .ею  European Union Bulgarian Cyrillic eyu Not delegated .eu No
xn--node .გე  Georgia Georgian Georgian (Mkhedruli) GE Delegated .ge No
xn--qxam .ελ[36]  Greece Greek Greek el Not in use .gr No
xn--j6w193g .香港  Hong Kong Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) Hoeng1 gong2 / Xiānggǎng .hk No
xn--h2brj9c .भारत  India Hindi Devanagari Bhārat Became available 27 Aug 2014 [38] .in Yes
xn--mgbbh1a71e بھارت.  India Urdu Urdu Bhārat Not in use .in Yes
xn--fpcrj9c3d .భారత్  India Telugu Telugu Bhārata Not in use .in Yes
xn--gecrj9c .ભારત  India Gujarati Gujarati Bhārat Not in use .in Yes
xn--s9brj9c .ਭਾਰਤ  India Punjabi Gurmukhī Bhārat Not in use .in Yes
xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h .இந்தியா  India Tamil Tamil Intiyā Became available 2015 .in Yes
xn--45brj9c .ভারত  India Bengali Bengali Bharôt Not in use .in Yes
xn--mgba3a4f16a ایران.  Iran Persian Persian (Persian) Īrān .ir No
xn--mgbtx2b عراق.  Iraq Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Iraq Not in use .iq No
xn--mgbayh7gpa الاردن.  Jordan Arabic Arabic (Arabic) al 'Urdun .jo No
xn--80ao21a .қаз  Kazakhstan Kazakh Cyrillic (Kazakh) qaz .kz No
xn--mix082f .澳门  Macao Chinese Chinese (Simplified) Ou3 mun4 / Àomén Not delegated .mo No
xn--mix891f .澳門  Macao Chinese Chinese (Traditional) Ou3 mun4 / Àomén Not delegated .mo No
xn--d1alf .мкд  Macedonia Macedonian Cyrillic (Macedonian) mkd .mk No
xn--mgbx4cd0ab مليسيا.  Malaysia Malay Arabic (Jawi) Malaysia .my Yes
xn--l1acc .мон  Mongolia Mongolian Cyrillic (Mongolian) mon .mn Yes
xn--mgbc0a9azcg المغرب.  Morocco Arabic Arabic (Arabic) al Maghrib .ma No
xn--mgb9awbf عمان.  Oman Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Oman .om No
xn--mgbai9azgqp6j پاکستان.  Pakistan Urdu Urdu Pakistan Not delegated .pk No
xn--ygbi2ammx فلسطين.  State of Palestine Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Filastīn .ps No
xn--wgbl6a قطر.  Qatar Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Qatar .qa No
xn--p1ai .рф  Russia Russian Cyrillic (Russian) rf .ru Yes
xn--mgberp4a5d4ar السعودية.  Saudi Arabia Arabic Arabic (Arabic) as-Sa'ūdiyyah .sa No
xn--90a3ac .срб  Serbia Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) Cyrillic (Serbian) srb .rs No
xn--yfro4i67o .新加坡  Singapore Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) Xīnjiāpō .sg No
xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd .சிங்கப்பூர்  Singapore Tamil Tamil Cinkappūr .sg No
xn--3e0b707e .한국  South Korea Korean Hangul Han-guk .kr Yes
xn--fzc2c9e2c .ලංකා  Sri Lanka Sinhala Sinhala Lanka .lk Partial[21]
xn--xkc2al3hye2a .இலங்கை  Sri Lanka Tamil Tamil Ilangai .lk Partial[21]
xn--mgbpl2fh سودان.  Sudan Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Sudan .sd No
xn--ogbpf8fl سورية.  Syria Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Sūryā .sy No
xn--kprw13d .台湾  Taiwan Chinese Chinese (Simplified) Táiwān .tw Yes
xn--kpry57d .台灣  Taiwan Chinese Chinese (Traditional) Táiwān .tw Yes
xn--o3cw4h .ไทย  Thailand Thai Thai Thai .th Yes
xn--pgbs0dh تونس.  Tunisia Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Tūnis .tn Yes
xn--j1amh .укр  Ukraine Ukrainian Cyrillic (Ukrainian) ukr .ua No
xn--mgbaam7a8h امارات.  United Arab Emirates Arabic Arabic (Arabic) Imārāt .ae No
xn--mgb2ddes اليمن.  Yemen Arabic Arabic (Arabic) al Yemen Not delegated .ye No

Source:[39]

Proposed internationalized ccTLDs

Main article: Proposed top-level domain § Internationalized country code top-level domains

ICANN-era generic top-level domains

English

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.academy academic institutes — Donuts[donuts 1] Yes Yes
.accountant accountants and accounting firms — Famous Four Media Un­known Yes
.accountants accountants and accounting firms — Donuts[donuts 2] Yes Yes
.cloud —
.active general — The Active Network Un­known Yes
.actor actors — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.adult adult entertainment (pornography) For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Yes Yes
.aero air-transport industry Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register. SITA No No
.agency business associations — Donuts[donuts 3] Yes[9] Yes
.airforce defense contractors — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.apartments apartments — Donuts Yes Yes
.app Phone apps — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.archi architects and architect firms[40] Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry.[41] STARTING DOT LIMITED Un­known Yes
.army defense contractors — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.associates business associations — Donuts[donuts 4] Yes Yes
.attorney attorneys and legal organizations — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.auction — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.audio stereo/sound systems, music — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.autos — DERAutos Un­known Yes
.band — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.bar Bars and related industry — Punto 2012 Yes Yes
.bargains coupons and online sellers — Donuts[donuts 5] Yes Yes
.beer breweries and beer aficionados — Minds + Machines[n 3] Un­known Yes
.best — BestTLD Pty Ltd Un­known Yes
.bid auctions — dot Bid Limited Yes Yes
.bike bicycles — Donuts[donuts 6] Yes[43] Yes
.bingo bingo — Donuts Yes Yes
.bio biodiversity, biographies May require compliance with organic agriculture principles.[44] STARTING DOT LIMITED Un­known Yes
.biz business Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken. NeuStar Yes[9] Yes
.black those who like the color black[45] — Afilias Yes Yes
.blackfriday Black Friday, retail — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.blog Blogs — Un­known Yes
.blue those who like the color blue[46] — Afilias Yes Yes
.boo ghosts and spooky business — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.boutique specialized businesses — Donuts[donuts 7] Yes Yes
.build construction industry —[47] Yes Yes
.builders construction workers — Donuts[donuts 8] Yes Yes
.business businesses — Donuts[donuts 9] Yes Yes
.buzz marketing and social networking — DOTSTRATEGY Yes Yes
.cab cabs and taxi companies — Donuts[donuts 10] Yes Yes
.camera camera-related businesses — Donuts[donuts 11] Yes Yes
.camp camps and camping — Donuts[donuts 12] Yes Yes
.cancerresearch Organizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research [48] — Australian Cancer Research Foundation Un­known Yes
.capital financial firms — Donuts[donuts 13] Yes Yes
.cards general — Donuts[donuts 14] Yes Yes
.care healthcare industry — Donuts[donuts 15] Yes Yes
.career — dotCareer LLC Yes Yes
.careers Employment — Donuts[donuts 16] Yes Yes
.cash financial — Donuts[donuts 17] Yes Yes
.casino casinos — Donuts Yes Yes
.catering Food service — Donuts[donuts 18] Yes Yes
.center general — Donuts[donuts 19] Yes Yes
.ceo CEOs —[49] CEOTLD Pty Ltd Un­known Yes
.channel — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.chat online chat — Donuts Yes Yes
.cheap Resellers — Donuts[donuts 20] Yes Yes
.christmas Christmas — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.church churches — Donuts[donuts 21] Yes Yes
.city general — Donuts[donuts 22] Yes Yes
.claims retail, auctions — Donuts[donuts 23] Yes Yes
.cleaning Cleaning services — Donuts[donuts 24] Yes Yes
.click — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.clinic healthcare clinics — Donuts[donuts 25] Yes Yes
.clothing Apparel — Donuts[donuts 26] Yes Yes
.club groups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general —[50] .CLUB DOMAINS Yes[51] Yes
.coach travel (flights and motor coaches) — Donuts Yes Yes
.codes computer and/or encryption code enthusiasts — Donuts[donuts 27] Yes Yes
.coffee cafés and coffee aficionados — Donuts[donuts 28] Yes Yes
.college Educational — XYZ.com Yes Yes
.community social groups, neighborhoods — Donuts[donuts 29] Yes Yes
.company business associations — Donuts[donuts 30] Yes Yes
.computer Technology — Donuts[donuts 31] Yes Yes
.condos Real estate — Donuts[donuts 32] Yes Yes
.construction Construction industry — Donuts[donuts 33] Yes Yes
.consulting hired advisors — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.contractors Remodeling and independent businesses — Donuts[donuts 34] Yes Yes
.cooking sharing recipes — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.cool General interests — Donuts[donuts 35] Yes Yes
.coop Food co-ops — — Yes Yes
.country general — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.coupons coupons — Donuts Yes Yes
.credit Financial institutions — Donuts[donuts 36] Yes Yes
.creditcard Financial institutions — Donuts[donuts 37] Yes Yes
.cricket cricket — Famous Four Media[ffm 1] Un­known Yes
.cruises cruise businesses and travel — Donuts[donuts 38] Yes Yes
.dad families — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.dance Dance studios and companies — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.date online dating — Un­known Yes
.dating online dating — Donuts[donuts 39] Yes Yes
.day general — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.deals online shopping and couponing — Donuts[donuts 40] Yes Yes
.degree general — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.delivery general — Donuts[donuts 41] Yes Yes
.democrat Democratic Party politics — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.dental dentists — Donuts[donuts 42] Yes Yes
.dentist dentists — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.design graphic art and fashion — Top Level Design Yes Yes
.diamonds diamond and jewelry industry — Donuts[donuts 43] Yes Yes
.diet — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.digital general — Donuts[donuts 44] Yes Yes
.direct general — Donuts[donuts 45] Un­known Yes
.directory general directory — Donuts[donuts 46] Yes Yes
.discount general — Donuts[donuts 47] Yes Yes
.dog dog stores and owners — Donuts Yes Yes
.domains domain registries — Donuts[donuts 48] Yes Yes
.download technology — Famous Four Media Un­known Yes
.eat restaurants and foodies — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.education educational institutes — Donuts[donuts 49] Yes Yes
.email email — Donuts[donuts 50] Yes Yes
.energy energy industry and marketing — Donuts[donuts 51] Yes Yes
.engineer engineers and engineering firms — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.engineering engineering firms — Donuts[donuts 52] Yes Yes
.equipment equipment-related businesses — Donuts[donuts 53] Yes Yes
.esq lawyers, law firms, legal professionals To be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys[52] Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.estate real estate businesses — Donuts[donuts 54] Yes Yes
.events happenings — Donuts[donuts 55] Yes Yes
.exchange generic trade — Donuts[donuts 56] Yes Yes
.expert generic expertise — Donuts[donuts 57] Yes Yes
.exposed general interest — Donuts[donuts 58] Yes Yes
.express shipping — Donuts Yes Yes
.fail general — Donuts[donuts 59] Yes Yes
.faith religion and churches — Un­known Yes
.family families — Un­known Yes
.fans general — Un­known Yes
.farm farms and agriculture — Donuts[donuts 60] Yes Yes
.fashion clothing industry — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.pid — Top Level Spectrum Un­known Yes
.finance financial — Donuts[donuts 61] Yes Yes
.financial financial — Donuts[donuts 62] Yes Yes
.fish fishing businesses, sports, and interests — Donuts[donuts 63] Yes Yes
.fishing fishing businesses, sports, and interests — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.fit Fitness and exercise — Minds + Machines[n 3] Un­known Yes
.fitness Fitness and exercise — Donuts[donuts 64] Yes Yes
.flights airline businesses and travel — Donuts[donuts 65] Yes Yes
.florist florists — Donuts[donuts 66] Yes Yes
.flowers florists and gardens — Uniregistry Yes Yes
.fly travel To be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers[53] Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.foo web development —[54] Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.football soccer and American football — Donuts Yes Yes
.forsale online retail — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.foundation charitable organizations — Donuts[donuts 67] Yes Yes
.fund financial — Donuts[donuts 68] Yes Yes
.furniture furniture businesses — Donuts[donuts 69] Yes Yes
.fyi "for your information" — Donuts Yes Yes
.gallery photo and art galleries — Donuts[donuts 70] Yes Yes
.garden gardening — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.gift gift-giving — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.gifts gift-giving — Donuts[donuts 71] Yes Yes
.gives charities and gift-giving — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.glass window sales and repairs — Donuts[donuts 72] Yes Yes
.global general — Dot GLOBAL Yes Yes
.gold gold and luxury — Donuts Un­known Yes
.golf golf — Donuts Yes Yes
.gop Republican Party politics — Republican State Leadership Committee Spanish[55] Yes
.graphics graphics — Donuts[donuts 73] Yes Yes
.green the environmentally-focused "As a Registrant you may not ... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand."[56] Afilias Un­known Yes
.gripe opinion sites — Donuts[donuts 74] Yes Yes
.guide help sites — Donuts[donuts 75] Yes Yes
.guitars Guitars — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.guru generic expertise — Donuts[donuts 76] Yes[57] Yes
.healthcare healthcare industry — Donuts[donuts 77] Un­known Yes
.help help sites — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.here generic geographic — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.hiphop Hip hop culture — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.hiv AIDS and HIV — dotHIV Un­known Yes
.hockey hockey — Donuts Yes Yes
.holdings real estate or financial business — Donuts[donuts 78] Yes Yes
.holiday holiday gift industry — Donuts[donuts 79] Yes Yes
.homes individuals interested in real estate and home improvement — Dominion Enterprises Un­known Yes
.horse horse-related businesses and interest — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.host network companies — Radix Registry Un­known Yes
.hosting — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.house real estate and construction businesses — Donuts[donuts 80] Yes Yes
.how how-to guides — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.info information — Afilias German[9] Yes
.ing Verbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing". — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.ink creative printing or tattooing[58] — Top Level Design Yes Yes
.institute[59] — Donuts[donuts 81] Yes Yes
.insure Insurance companies — Donuts[donuts 82] Yes Yes
.international international entities — Donuts[donuts 83] Yes Yes
.investments financial — Donuts[donuts 84] Yes Yes
.jewelry jewelry stores — Donuts Yes Yes
.jobs Employment For websites with job opportunities and job listings.[60] Employ Media No Yes
.kim people named Kim
Also means "who" in Turkish		 — Afilias Un­known Yes
.kitchen food industry and remodeling — Donuts[donuts 85] Yes Yes
.land real estate — Donuts[donuts 86] Yes Yes
.lawyer lawyers and legal organizations — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.lease financing — Donuts[donuts 87] Yes Yes
.legal lawyers and legal organizations — Donuts Yes Yes
.lgbt the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community "Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community."[61] Afilias Un­known Yes
.life general — Donuts[donuts 88] Yes Yes
.lighting lighting — Donuts[donuts 89] Yes Yes
.limited general — Donuts[donuts 90] Yes Yes
.limo limousine businesses — Donuts[donuts 91] Yes Yes
.link connecting to information[62] — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.loan banks and lenders — Famous Four Media Un­known Yes
.loans banks and lenders — Donuts[donuts 92] Yes Yes
.lol LOL: laughing out loud — Uniregistry[63] Un­known Yes
.lotto — Afilias Un­known Yes
.love dating sites — Un­known Yes
.luxe — Minds + Machines[n 3] Un­known Yes
.luxury businesses catering to the wealthy — Luxury Partners Yes Yes
.management business management — Donuts[donuts 93] Yes Yes
.market marketing services and retailers — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.marketing marketing services — Donuts[donuts 94] Yes Yes
.markets financial and stock markets — IG Group Un­known Yes
.mba Masters in Business Administration — Donuts Yes Yes
.media general media interests — Donuts[donuts 95] Yes Yes
.meet social gatherings, meeting new people — Afilias Un­known Yes
.meme Internet memes — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.memorial memorial sites — Donuts Yes Yes
.men men — Famous Four Media Un­known Yes
.menu restaurants — Wedding TLD2 Yes Yes
.mobi mobile devices Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards. Afilias Yes No
.moe Japanese otaku culture
The word "moe" (Japanese: 萌え, pronounced as "moh-ay") is a slang word rooted deep in the Japanese Otaku culture. It has often been used to mean a particular type of "adorable" or "cute" towards fictional characters, people, animals, etc.[64]		 — Interlink Yes Yes
.money financial — Donuts Yes Yes
.mortgage mortgage lenders — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.motorcycles motorcycles — DERMotorcycles Un­known Yes
.mov Digital video — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.movie movies and cinemas — Donuts Yes Yes
.museum museums Must be verified as a legitimate museum. Museum Domain Management Association Latin script[9] Yes
.name individuals, by name Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter. Verisign Yes[9] Yes
.navy defense contractors — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.network general — Donuts[donuts 96] Yes Yes
.new general — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.news news sites — Un­known Yes
.ngo Non-governmental organizations.
Sold packaged with .ong.		 Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements. Public Interest Registry Un­known Yes
.ninja general expertise — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.one generic — .one (top-level domain) Un­known Yes
.ong Non-governmental organizations.
Sold packaged with .ngo.		 Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements. Public Interest Registry Un­known Yes
.onl short for "online" — I-REGISTRY Un­known Yes
.online generic — Un­known Yes
.ooo general — Infibeam No Yes
.organic organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc. Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community.[65] Afilias Un­known Yes
.partners businesses — Donuts[donuts 97] Yes Yes
.parts manufacturing and consumer auto — Donuts[donuts 98] Yes Yes
.party nightclubs and social gatherings — Famous Four Media[ffm 2] Un­known Yes
.pharmacy pharmacies "All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients."[66] National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Un­known Yes
.photo photography and photo-sharing — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.photography photography and photo-sharing — Donuts[donuts 99] Yes Yes
.photos photography and photo-sharing — Donuts[donuts 100] Yes Yes
.physio physical therapists Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy.[67][68] PhysBiz Un­known Yes
.pics photography and photo-sharing — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.pictures photography and photo-sharing — Donuts[donuts 101] Yes Yes
.feedback — Top Level Spectrum Un­known Yes
.pink those who like the color pink — Afilias Yes Yes
.pizza pizza parlors — Donuts[donuts 102] Yes Yes
.place general — Donuts[donuts 103] Yes Yes
.plumbing plumbing businesses — Donuts[donuts 104] Yes Yes
.plus generic — Donuts Yes Yes
.poker Poker players and sites — Afilias[n 4] Un­known Yes
.porn adult entertainment (pornography) For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Yes Yes
.post postal services The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services".[69] Universal Postal Union No[70] Yes
.press publishing and journalism — Radix Registry Un­known Yes
.pro professions/professionals — Registry Services Corporation No No
.productions studio/art businesses — Donuts[donuts 105] Yes Yes
.prof Professors, teachers and learning — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.properties real estate — Donuts[donuts 106] Yes Yes
.property real estate — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.qpon coupons — dotCOOL Un­known Yes
.racing racing — Famous Four Media Un­known Yes
.recipes recipes and cooking — Donuts[donuts 107] Yes Yes
.red those who like the color red[71]
Also Spanish variant of .net
Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'.		 — Afilias Yes Yes
.rehab Rehab centers and support sites — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.ren Renren users

Means "people/person" in Mandarin Chinese pinyin

Restricted TLD[72] Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co. Un­known Yes
.rent Real estate professionals and small businesses — xyz.xyz Un­known Yes
.rentals short-term ownership — Donuts[donuts 108] Yes Yes
.repair general repair/maintenance businesses — Donuts[donuts 109] Yes Yes
.report business services — Donuts[donuts 110] Yes Yes
.republican Republican Party politics — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.rest Restaurants and related industry — Punto 2012 Yes Yes
.review public reviews — Un­known Yes
.reviews public reviews — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.rich businesses catering to the wealthy — I-REGISTRY Un­known Yes
.rip memorial sites[73] — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.rocks general — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.rodeo Rodeo interest — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.rsvp Invitations and replies — Google[n 2] Un­known Yes
.run running and jogging — Donuts Yes Yes
.sale retail — Un­known Yes
.school schools — Donuts[donuts 111] Yes Yes
.science science-related sites — dot Science Un­known Yes
.services business services — Donuts[donuts 112] Yes Yes
.sex adult entertainment (pornography) For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Yes Yes
.sexy adult entertainment — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.shoes shoes — Donuts[donuts 113] Yes Yes
.show entertainment and vlogs — Donuts Yes Yes
.singles online dating — Donuts[donuts 114] Yes Yes
.site general — Un­known Yes
.soccer soccer — Donuts Yes Yes
.social general interest — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.software computer software — Rightside Group[n 1] Un­known Yes
.solar solar-power — Donuts[donuts 115] Yes Yes
.solutions business services — Donuts[donuts 116] Yes Yes
.space as a creative space — Radix Registry Un­known Yes
.studio art, fitness, & entertainment — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.style fashion — Donuts Yes Yes
.sucks gripe sites — Vox Populi Un­known Yes
.supplies manufacturing industries — Donuts[donuts 117] Yes Yes
.supply manufacturing industries — Donuts[donuts 118] Yes Yes
.support help pages — Donuts[donuts 119] Yes[74] Yes
.surf surfing — Minds + Machines[n 3] Un­known Yes
.surgery healthcare industry — Donuts[donuts 120] Yes Yes
.systems technology — Donuts[donuts 121] Yes Yes
.tattoo tattoo aficionados — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.tax financial — Donuts Yes Yes
.taxi taxi services — Donuts Yes Yes
.team team sports — Donuts Yes Yes
.tech technology — Dot Tech LLC Yes Yes
.technology technology — Donuts Yes Yes
.tel Internet communication services A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System. Yes[75] No
.tennis tennis — Donuts Yes Yes
.theater theaters and cinemas — Donuts Yes Yes
.tips general help topics — Donuts Yes Yes
.tires tire manufacturers — Donuts Yes Yes
.today general — Donuts Yes Yes
.tools manufacturing industries — Donuts Yes Yes
.top general — Jiangsu Bangning Un­known Yes
.tours tourism — Donuts Yes Yes
.town generic geographic — Donuts Yes Yes
.toys toy businesses — Donuts Yes Yes
.trade businesses — Yes Yes
.training training and how-tos — Donuts Yes Yes
.travel travel and tourism industry related sites Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity. No No
.university young adults, university life — Donuts Yes Yes
.vacations travel — Donuts Yes Yes
.vet veterans and veterinarians — Yes Yes
.video video sharing — Un­known Yes
.villas real estate and/or travel businesses — Donuts Yes Yes
.vision eye-care businesses — Donuts Yes Yes
.vodka Vodka-related businesses and interest — Yes Yes
.vote democratic elections and campaign websites Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[76] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[77] Afilias Un­known Yes
.voting polling sites — Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9] Yes
.voyage travel — Donuts Yes Yes
.wang general
Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (web).[78]
Wang is also a common surname in mainland China.		 — Yes[79] Yes
.watch Watches — Donuts Yes Yes
.webcam Web cam shows and video sharing — Yes Yes
.website general — Radix Registry Un­known Yes
.wed engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with prohibitive third-year renewal fees for second-level domains).[80]
And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script.[81]		 No Yes
.wedding wedding-oriented businesses — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.whoswho general An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications. Who's Who Registry Yes Yes
.wiki wikis "An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation" Top Level Design Yes Yes
.win games, Microsoft Windows — Famous Four Media Un­known Yes
.wine Wine — — Un­known Un­known
.work general — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.works general — Donuts Yes Yes
.world general — Donuts Yes Yes
.wtf general — Donuts Yes Yes
.xxx adult entertainment (pornography) For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Yes Yes
.xyz general — XYZ.com Yes[82] Yes
.yoga yoga — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.zone general — Donuts Yes Yes

French

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.maison "house" — Donuts[donuts 122] Chinese, French, German, Spanish[83] Yes

Spanish

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.abogado "lawyer" To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms.[84] Minds + Machines[n 3] Un­known Yes
.gratis "free" — Donuts[donuts 123] Yes Yes
.futbol soccer — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.juegos "games" — Uniregistry Yes[42] Yes
.soy "I am"
Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives		 — Google[n 2] Latin script, Japanese[85] Yes
.tienda "shop", "store" — Donuts Spanish Yes
.uno "one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers — Spanish Yes
.viajes "travel" — Donuts Spanish Yes

German

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.haus "house" — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.immobilien "real estate" — Rightside Group[n 1] German[9] Yes
.jetzt "now" — New TLD Company Yes Yes
.kaufen "buy" — Rightside Group[n 1] German[9] Yes
.reise "travel" Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes.[86] dotreise Latin script[9] Yes
.reisen "traveling" — Donuts[donuts 124] German[9] Yes
.schule "school" — Donuts[donuts 125] Yes Yes
.versicherung "insurance" — Latin script[9] Yes

Hindi

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.desi Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia
See also Desi		 — Desi Networks Un­known Yes
.shiksha Hindi for "education". — Afilias Un­known Yes

Italian

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.casa "house" — Minds + Machines[n 3] Yes Yes
.cafe "café", "coffee shop", "coffee" — Donuts Yes Yes
.immo French, German, Dutch [citation needed], and Italian abbreviation for "real estate" — Donuts[donuts 126] Yes Yes
.moda "fashion" — Rightside Group[n 1] Spanish[9] Yes
.voto "vote", for election and campaign websites Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[87] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[88] Afilias Un­known Yes

Corporate Identifiers

Name Entity Type Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.bar bars and pubs — Punto 2012 Yes Yes
.bank banks Restricted to banks and savings associations Un­known Yes
.coop Cooperatives The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles. DotCooperation No No
.enterprises business associations — Donuts[donuts 127] Yes Yes
.industries industrial businesses — Donuts[donuts 128] Yes Yes
.institute Established business associations — Donuts[donuts 129] Yes Yes
.ltda companies in South America Domains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador.[89] InterNetX Un­known Yes
.pub bars and pubs — Rightside Group[n 1] Yes Yes
.realtor realtors To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations.[90] Real Estate Domains Un­known Yes
.reit Real estate investment trusts Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law.[91] National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Un­known Yes
.rest restaurants — Punto 2012 Yes[92] Yes
.restaurant restaurants — Donuts[donuts 130] Yes Yes
.sarl Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company — Donuts[donuts 131] Yes Yes
.ventures funding for start-ups — Donuts Yes Yes
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Domain registry is operated by United TLD Holdco Ltd. t/a Rightside Registry, a subsidiary of the Rightside Group.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Operated by Charleston Road Registry, Inc., a subsidiary of Google. See [2].
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p A subsidiary of Minds + Machines Group (formerly Top Level Domain Holdings.)
  4. ^ Operating as Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited.
  1. ^ Operating as dotCricket
  2. ^ Operating as Blue Sky Registry
  1. ^ Operating as Half Oaks, LLC
  2. ^ Operating as Knob Town, LLC
  3. ^ Operating as Steel Falls, LLC
  4. ^ Operating as Baxter Hill, LLC
  5. ^ Operating as Half Hallow, LLC
  6. ^ Operating as Grand Hollow, LLC
  7. ^ Operating as Over Galley, LLC
  8. ^ Operating as Atomic Madison, LLC
  9. ^ Operating as Spring Cross, LLC
  10. ^ Operating as Half Sunset, LLC
  11. ^ Operating as Atomic Maple, LLC
  12. ^ Operating as Delta Dynamite, LLC
  13. ^ Operating as Delta Mill, LLC
  14. ^ Operating as Foggy Hollow, LLC
  15. ^ Operating as Goose Cross, LLC
  16. ^ Operating as Wild Corner, LLC
  17. ^ Operating as Delta Lake, LLC
  18. ^ Operating as New Falls, LLC
  19. ^ Operating as Tin Mill, LLC
  20. ^ Operating as Sand Cover, LLC
  21. ^ Operating as Holly Fields, LLC
  22. ^ Operating as Snow Sky, LLC
  23. ^ Operating as Black Corner, LLC
  24. ^ Operating as Fox Shadow, LLC
  25. ^ Operating as Goose Park, LLC
  26. ^ Operating as Steel Lake, LLC
  27. ^ Operating as Puff Willow, LLC
  28. ^ Operating as Trixy Cover, LLC
  29. ^ Operating as Fox Orchard, LLC
  30. ^ Operating as Silver Avenue, LLC
  31. ^ Operating as Pine Mill, LLC
  32. ^ Operating as Pine House, LLC
  33. ^ Operating as Fox Dynamite, LLC
  34. ^ Operating as Magic Woods, LLC
  35. ^ Operating as Koko Lake, LLC
  36. ^ Operating as Snow Shadow, LLC
  37. ^ Operating as Binky Frostbite, LLC
  38. ^ Operating as Spring Way, LLC
  39. ^ Operating as Pine Fest, LLC
  40. ^ Operating as Sand Sunset, LLC
  41. ^ Operating as Steel Station, LLC
  42. ^ Operating as Tin Birch, LLC
  43. ^ Operating as John Edge, LLC
  44. ^ Operating as Dash Park, LLC
  45. ^ Operating as Half Trail, LLC
  46. ^ Operating as Extra Madison, LLC
  47. ^ Operating as Holly Hill, LLC
  48. ^ Operating as Sugar Cross, LLC
  49. ^ Operating as Brice Way, LLC
  50. ^ Operating as Spring Madison, LLC
  51. ^ Operating as Binky Birch, LLC
  52. ^ Operating as Romeo Canyon.
  53. ^ Operating as Corn Station, LLC
  54. ^ Operating as Trixy Park, LLC
  55. ^ Operating as Pioneer Maple, LLC
  56. ^ Operating as Spring Falls, LLC
  57. ^ Operating as Magic Pass, LLC
  58. ^ Operating as Victor Beach, LLC
  59. ^ Operating as Atomic Pipe, LLC
  60. ^ Operating as Just Maple, LLC
  61. ^ Operating as Cotton Cypress, LLC
  62. ^ Operating as Just Cover, LLC
  63. ^ Operating as Fox Woods, LLC
  64. ^ Operating as Brice Orchard, LLC
  65. ^ Operating as Fox Station, LLC
  66. ^ Operating as Half Cypress, LLC
  67. ^ Operating as John Dale, LLC
  68. ^ Operating as John Castle, LLC
  69. ^ Operating as Lone Fields, LLC
  70. ^ Operating as Sugar House, LLC
  71. ^ Operating as Goose Sky, LLC
  72. ^ Operating as Black Cover, LLC
  73. ^ Operating as Over Madison, LLC
  74. ^ Operating as Corn Sunset, LLC
  75. ^ Operating as Snow Moon, LLC
  76. ^ Operating as Pioneer Cypress, LLC
  77. ^ Operating as Silver Glen, LLC
  78. ^ Operating as John Madison, LLC
  79. ^ Operating as Goose Woods, LLC
  80. ^ Operating as Sugar Park, LLC
  81. ^ Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
  82. ^ Operating as Pioneer Willow, LLC
  83. ^ Operating as Wild Way, LLC
  84. ^ Operating as Holly Glen, LLC
  85. ^ Operating as Just Goodbye, LLC
  86. ^ Operating as Pine Moon, LLC
  87. ^ Operating as Victor Trail, LLC
  88. ^ Operating as Trixy Oaks, LLC
  89. ^ Operating as John McCook, LLC
  90. ^ Operating as Big Fest, LLC
  91. ^ Operating as Hidden Frostbite, LLC
  92. ^ Operating as June Woods, LLC
  93. ^ Operating as John Goodbye, LLC
  94. ^ Operating as Fern Pass, LLC
  95. ^ Operating as Grand Glen, LLC
  96. ^ Operating as Trixy Manor, LLC
  97. ^ Operating as Magic Glen, LLC
  98. ^ Operating as Sea Goodbye, LLC
  99. ^ Operating as Sugar Glen, LLC
  100. ^ Operating as Sea Corner, LLC
  101. ^ Operating as Foggy Sky, LLC
  102. ^ Operating as Foggy Moon, LLC
  103. ^ Operating as Snow Galley, LLC
  104. ^ Operating as Spring Tigers, LLC
  105. ^ Operating as Magic Birch, LLC
  106. ^ Operating as Big Pass, LLC
  107. ^ Operating as Grand Island, LLC
  108. ^ Operating as Big Hollow, LLC
  109. ^ Operating as Lone Sunset, LLC
  110. ^ Operating as Binky Glen, LLC
  111. ^ Operating as Little Galley, LLC
  112. ^ Operating as Fox Castle, LLC
  113. ^ Operating as Binky Galley, LLC
  114. ^ Operating as Fern Madison, LLC
  115. ^ Operating as Ruby Town, LLC
  116. ^ Operating as Silver Cover, LLC
  117. ^ Operating as Atomic Fields, LLC
  118. ^ Operating as Half Falls, LLC
  119. ^ Operating as Grand Orchard, LLC
  120. ^ Operating as Tin Avenue, LLC
  121. ^ Operating as Dash Cypress, LLC
  122. ^ Operating as Victor Frostbite, LLC
  123. ^ Operating as Pioneer Tigers, LLC
  124. ^ Operating as New Cypress, LLC
  125. ^ Operating as Outer Moon, LLC
  126. ^ Operating as Auburn Bloom, LLC
  127. ^ Operating as Snow Oaks, LLC
  128. ^ Operating as Outer House, LLC
  129. ^ Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
  130. ^ Operating as Snow Avenue, LLC
  131. ^ Operating as Delta Orchard, LLC

Internationalized generic top-level domains

All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC
xn--4gbrim[93] موقع. Arabic Arabic mawqiʿ "site" or "location" Open TLD Yes
xn--ngbc5azd[93] شبكة. Arabic Arabic shabaka "network" Open TLD Yes
xn--mgbab2bd[93] بازار. Persian Arabic bâzâr "market" or "bazaar" Open TLD Yes
xn--q9jyb4c[93] .みんな Japanese Japanese (Hiragana) minna "everyone" Open TLD [94] Yes
xn--3ds443g[93] .在线 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) zàixiàn "online" Open TLD.
The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities.[95]		 Yes
xn--fiq228c5hs[93] .中文网 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) Zhōngwén wǎng "(written) Chinese (language) network" Open TLD.
The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities.[95]		 Yes
xn--6frz82g[93] .移动 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) yídòng "movement" or "mobile" Open TLD Yes
xn--ses554g[93] .网址 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) wǎngzhǐ "network address" or "website" Open TLD Yes
xn--io0a7i[93] .网络 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) wǎngluò "network" Open TLD Yes
xn--55qx5d[93] .公司 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) gōngsī "business organization" or "company" Open TLD Yes
xn--czru2d[93] .商城 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) shāngchéng "mall" Open TLD Yes
xn--nqv7f[93] .机构 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) jīgòu "agency" Open TLD Yes
xn--6qq986b3xl[93] .我爱你 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) wǒ ài nǐ "I love you" Open TLD Yes
xn--czr694b[93] .商标 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) shāngbiāo "trademark" Open TLD Yes
xn--rhqv96g[93] .世界 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) shìjiè "world" Open TLD Yes
xn--3bst00m[93] .集团 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) jítuán "conglomerate" Open TLD Yes
xn--d1acj3b[93] .дети Russian Cyrillic (Russian) dyeti "kids" or "children" Open TLD Yes
xn--80asehdb[93] .онлайн Russian Cyrillic (Russian) onlain "online" Open TLD Yes
xn--c1avg[93] .орг Russian Cyrillic (Russian) org "org" or "organization" Open TLD Yes
xn--80aswg[93] .сайт Russian Cyrillic (Russian) sait "site" Open TLD Yes
xn--i1b6b1a6a2e[93] .संगठन Hindi Devanagari saṅgaṭhana "organization" Open TLD Yes

Geographic top-level domains

Africa

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.capetown Cape Town, South Africa [96] Un­known Yes
.durban Durban, South Africa [97] Un­known Yes
.joburg Johannesburg, South Africa [98] Un­known Yes

Asia

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.asia Asia-Pacific region This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Chinese, Japanese, Korean[9] Yes
.krd  Kurdistan This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan [99][100] Kurdish Yes
.nagoya Nagoya, Japan [101] Japanese[9] Yes
.okinawa Okinawa, Japan Japanese Yes
.ryukyu Ryukyu Islands, Japan [102] Un­known Yes
.taipei Taipei, Taiwan [103] Un­known Yes
.tatar Tatar peoples and places Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[104] Un­known Yes
.tokyo Tokyo, Japan [105] Yes Yes
.yokohama Yokohama, Japan [106] Japanese Yes

Europe

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.alsace Alsace, France [107] Un­known Yes
.amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands [108] Un­known Yes
.barcelona  Barcelona, Spain Un­known Yes
.bayern  Bavaria, Germany [109] Yes Yes
.berlin Berlin, Germany [110] Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9] Yes
.brussels Brussels, Belgium [111] Latin script[9] Yes
.budapest Budapest, Hungary [112] Un­known Yes
.bzh  Brittany, France Breizh in Breton.[113] French[9] Yes
.cat  Catalonia; Catalan language and culture This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[114] Catalan[9] Yes
.cologne Cologne, Germany [115] Yes Yes
.corsica  Corsica, France TLD Related to Corsican Culture Un­known Yes
.cymru  Wales [116] Welsh[9] Yes
.eus Basque, Spain and France Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[117] Un­known Yes
.frl  Friesland Fryslân in (West) Frisian.[118] Un­known Yes
.gal Galiza, Spain This is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture.[119] Un­known Yes
.gent Ghent, Belgium [120] Un­known Yes
.hamburg Hamburg, Germany Latin script[9] Yes
.irish  Ireland; global Irish community Un­known Yes
.koeln Cologne, Germany [121] Yes Yes
.london London, United Kingdom [122] Yes Yes
.madrid Madrid, Spain [123] Un­known Yes
.moscow Moscow, Russia [124] Yes Yes
.nrw North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany [125] Yes Yes
.paris Paris, France [126] French[9] Yes
.ruhr Ruhr, Germany [127] German[9] Yes
.saarland  Saarland, Germany [128] Un­known Yes
.scot  Scotland [129] Un­known Yes
.tirol Tyrol, now split between Austria and Italy [130] Yes[9] Yes
.vlaanderen Flanders, Belgium [131] Latin script[9] Yes
.wales  Wales [116] Welsh[9] Yes
.wien Vienna, Austria [132] Latin script[9] Yes
.zuerich Zurich, Switzerland [133] Un­known Yes

North America

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.miami Miami, USA [134] Un­known Yes
.nyc New York City, USA [135] Spanish[9] Yes
.quebec Québec, Canada [136] Un­known Yes
.vegas Las Vegas, NV, USA [137] Yes Yes

Oceania

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.kiwi New Zealanders
(a.k.a. kiwis)		 [138] Latin script[9] Yes
.melbourne Melbourne, Australia [139] Un­known Yes
.sydney Sydney, Australia [140] Un­known Yes

South America

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.lat Latin America [141] Spanish[142] Yes
.rio Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [143] Un­known Yes

Internationalized geographic top-level domains

DNS name IDN Entity Language Script Transliteration Notes Other TLD IDN DNSSEC
xn--1qqw23a .佛山 Foshan, China Chinese Chinese fóshān [144] Yes Yes
xn--80adxhks .москва Moscow, Russia Russian Cyrillic (Russian) moskva [145] .moscow Russian[9] Yes

Brand top-level domains

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft [146] Un­known Yes
.android Google (Android) [147] Un­known Yes
.aquarelle Aquarelle.com [148] Un­known Yes
.axa AXA [149] Yes[9] Yes
.barclays Barclays [150] Un­known Yes
.barclaycard Barclays [150] Un­known Yes
.bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC [151] Un­known Yes
.bmw BMW [152] No Yes
.bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro [153] Un­known Yes
.bnpparibas BNP Paribas [154] Un­known Yes
.cal Google (Google Calendar) [155] Un­known Yes
.caravan Caravan International, Inc. [156] Un­known Yes
.cern CERN [157] Un­known Yes
.chrome Google (Google Chrome) [158] Un­known Yes
.citic CITIC Group [159] No Yes
.crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
(Co-Operative Retailing System)		 [160] Un­known Yes
.cuisinella Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella) [161] Un­known Yes
.dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co. [162] Un­known Yes
.dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft [163] Un­known Yes
.emerck Merck KGaA [164] Un­known Yes
.everbank EverBank [165] Un­known Yes
.firmdale Firmdale Holdings [166] Un­known Yes
.flsmidth FLSmidth A/S [167] Un­known Yes
.frogans OP3FT Solely for use by the Frogans technology[168] Yes[9] Yes
.gbiz Google [169] Un­known Yes
.gle Google [170] Un­known Yes
.globo Grupo Globo [171] No Yes
.gmail Google (Gmail) [172] Un­known Yes
.gmo GMO Internet [173] Un­known Yes
.gmx 1&1 Mail & Media (Global Message Exchange) [174] Un­known Yes
.google Google [175] Un­known Yes
.hsbc HSBC [176] Un­known Yes
.ibm IBM [177] Un­known Yes
.kred KredTLD [178] Un­known Yes
.lacaixa Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona [179] Un­known Yes
.latrobe La Trobe University [180] Un­known Yes
.lds The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[181] [182] Un­known Yes
.mango MANGO [183] Latin script[9] Yes
.mini BMW (Mini) [184] No Yes
.monash Monash University [185][186] No Yes
.mormon The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[181] [187] Un­known Yes
.neustar Neustar [188] No Yes
.nexus Google (Google Nexus) [189] Un­known Yes
.nhk NHK [190] Un­known Yes
.nico Dwango Co., Ltd. (Niconico) [191] Un­known Yes
.nra National Rifle Association [192] Un­known Yes
.otsuka Otsuka Holdings [193] Un­known Yes
.ovh OVH [194] French[9] Yes
.piaget Piaget SA [195] Un­known Yes
.pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
(founder Reinfried Pohl)		 [196] Un­known Yes
.praxi Praxi [197] Un­known Yes
.prod Google (products) [198] Un­known Yes
.pwc PwC [199] Un­known Yes
.sandvikcoromant Sandvik Coromant [200] Un­known Un­known
.sca Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget [201] Un­known Yes
.scb Siam Commercial Bank Thai[9] Yes
.schmidt Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt) [202] Un­known Yes
.sohu Sohu [203] Un­known Yes
.spiegel Spiegel-Verlag [204] Un­known Yes
.suzuki Suzuki Motor Corporation [205] Un­known Yes
.tui TUI AG [206] Un­known Yes
.uol Universo Online Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[207] Un­known Yes
.williamhill William Hill [208] Un­known Yes
.wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment [209] Un­known Yes
.wtc World Trade Centers Association [210] Un­known Yes
.yandex Yandex [211] Un­known Yes
.youtube Google (YouTube) [212] Un­known Yes

Internationalized brand top-level domains

DNS name IDN TLD Entity Script Transliteration Comments DNSSEC
xn--fiq64b .中信 CITIC Group Chinese zhōngxìn [213] Yes
xn--vermgensberater-ctb .vermögensberater Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft Latin [214] Yes
xn--vermgensberatung-pwb .vermögensberatung Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft Latin [215] Yes
xn--qcka1pmc .グーグル Google Katakana gūguru [216] Yes
xn--flw351e .谷歌 Google Chinese
(Simplified)		 gǔgē [217] Yes
xn--cg4bki .삼성 Samsung Hangul samseong [218] Yes

Test TLDs

ICANN created a set of top-level Internationalized domain names in October 2007 for the purpose of testing the use of IDNA in the root zone and within those domains. These testing domains were abolished on 31 October 2013.[219] Each of these TLDs encoded a word meaning "test" in the respective language.[220][221]

Each of these domains contained only one site with the word "example" encoded in the respective script and language. These example.test sites were test wikis used by ICANN.

DNS Name IDN Transliteration Language Script URL of the test site
(archived at the Wayback Machine)
xn--kgbechtv إختبار. ik͡htibār Arabic Arabic http://مثال.إختبار
xn--hgbk6aj7f53bba آزمایشی. ậzmạy̰sẖy Persian Perso-Arabic http://مثال.آزمایشی
xn--0zwm56d .测试 cèshì Chinese Simplified Chinese http://例子.测试
xn--g6w251d .測試 cèshì Chinese Traditional Chinese http://例子.測試
xn--80akhbyknj4f .испытание ispytánije Russian Cyrillic http://пример.испытание
xn--11b5bs3a9aj6g .परीक्षा parīkṣā Hindi Devanagari http://उदाहरण.परीक्षा
xn--jxalpdlp .δοκιμή dokimé Greek Greek http://παράδειγμα.δοκιμή
xn--9t4b11yi5a .테스트 teseuteu Korean Hangul http://실례.테스트
xn--deba0ad טעסט. test Yiddish Hebrew http://בײַשפּיל.טעסט
xn--zckzah .テスト tesuto Japanese Katakana[222] http://例え.テスト
xn--hlcj6aya9esc7a .பரிட்சை pariṭcai Tamil Tamil http://உதாரணம்.பரிட்சை

See also

References

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  2. ^ http://stats.research.icann.org/dns/tld_report/
  3. ^ "IANA root zone database". Iana.org. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
  4. ^ Jon Postel (March 1994). "RFC 1591: Domain Name System Structure and Delegation". IETF.
  5. ^ "Root Zone Database". Iana.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  6. ^ "Andorra Telecom trademark domain registration policy". Nic.ad. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  7. ^ "Andorra Telecom trade name registration policy". Nic.ad. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  8. ^ "Rules for .au Domains".
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "IANA — Repository of IDN Practices". iana.org. Retrieved 22 Sep 2014.
  10. ^ "DNS Belgium and IPv6" (PDF). economie.fgov.be. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  11. ^ "Domínios .br". Registro.br.
  12. ^ (May 9, 2005) for Portuguese (Brazilian) names: see Anúncio 04/05/2005
  13. ^ .ca#Canadian Presence Requirements
  14. ^ "CZ.NIC - IDN - Internationalized domain names". Nic.cz. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  15. ^ ".eu and IPv6". EURid. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  16. ^ a b Milton Mueller (2002), Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 79, ISBN 9780262632980
  17. ^ Article 1.9 of Rules and Conditions for GE Domain Names Registration (Recent Georgian version has some updates not causing this article)
  18. ^ "Shorter .id domain will be available in Indonesia next year". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  19. ^ "Domain chaos spikes e-business ambitions". Silicon Republic. 17 December 2002. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  20. ^ Information Technology Law: Professional Practice Guide, Dublin: Law Society of Ireland, 2004, p. 23
  21. ^ a b c d e f Delegation Signer (DS) record in a root zone is not yet published.
  22. ^ "ICTA: ky Domain Policies". Icta.ky. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  23. ^ ".LA - The Official .LA Registry". La. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  24. ^ "How can I get a .mo domain if I'm not in Macau?". Quora.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  25. ^ Template:Nl icon [3] (Onze mijlpalen), Official website of SIDN
  26. ^ http://dnc.org.nz/content/secondleveldomains.html
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  28. ^ "Notícias - dns.pt". Dns.pt. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  29. ^ http://rotld.ro/portal/news/ro/35/index.html
  30. ^ "Beginning of the Landrush phase of second level domain under (.sa)".
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  32. ^ (21 July 2015), see details
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  35. ^ http://domain.me/me-is-all-about-you-and-all-about-security-with-dnssec/
  36. ^ a b ccTLD applicants who have requested the second and final review
  37. ^ "دوت مصر ::: الصفحة الرئيسية". Dotmasr.eg. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  38. ^ "Launch of .भारत Domain name in Devanagari script by Hon'ble MCIT and Law & Justice Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad". Registry.in. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  39. ^ "Resources - ICANN". Icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  40. ^ ".ARCHI Online Visibility for Architects Worldwide". Retrieved 7 Oct 2014.
  41. ^ ".ARCHI policies". Retrieved 7 Oct 2014.
  42. ^ https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/tlds/bike/bike-amend-1-pdf-09jun14-en.pdf
  43. ^ "Starting Dot Registry Policies". startingdot.com. Retrieved 20 Nov 2014.
  44. ^ "Why .BLACK?". Black/why-black. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  45. ^ "Why .BLUE?". Dotblue.blue. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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  47. ^ .CancerResearch launch Site
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  58. ^ Regitry agreement for .institute
  59. ^ "What is .jobs?". Nic.jobs. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  60. ^ ".LGBT Acceptable Use Policy". Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  61. ^ ".link Official - Uniregistry". Nic.link. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  62. ^ "Uniregistry extensions and domains". Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  63. ^ "The .moe Domain is Here!". Nic.moe. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  64. ^ ".ORGANIC Eligibility". Retrieved 18 Sep 2014.
  65. ^ nic.pharmacy, accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  66. ^ http://nic.physio/
  67. ^ ".physio Eligibility Policy" (PDF). Retrieved 4 Nov 2014.
  68. ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies: Criteria for Registration". E17. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  69. ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies:TLD String". E2. Retrieved 2013-01-01. Only ASCII characters are used
  70. ^ "Why .RED?". Get.red. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  71. ^ "New TLDs this week: .London, .Global and more". Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  72. ^ "A respectful domain name for remembering loved ones". Retrieved 29 Dec 2014.
  73. ^ https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/tlds/support/support-amend-1-pdf-09jun14-en.pdf
  74. ^ Telnic. "IDN.tel". Retrieved 2010-09-02.
  75. ^ ".VOTE Registration Policy". Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.
  76. ^ "Registrant FAQs". Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.
  77. ^ "Zodiac Holdings Limited". En.nic.wang. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  78. ^ "Daily list of new gTLD domain name registrations". Retrieved 10 Nov 2014.
  79. ^ "Weirdest new gTLD launch yet? .wed launches with a single registrar". DomainIncite - Domain Name News & Opinion. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  80. ^ ".WED Third Level Extensions". Atgron, Inc Introduces .WED. A New Top Level Domain for Your Wedding. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  81. ^ "Resources - ICANN". Icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  82. ^ https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/tlds/maison/maison-amend-1-pdf-09jun14-en.pdf
  83. ^ General Eligibility Requirements and Principles for the new .LAW and .ABOGADO top-level domains, accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  84. ^ "IANA — Repository of IDN Practices". iana.org. Retrieved 2 Dec 2014.
  85. ^ §5, Policy for the Registration of .reise Domain Names, dotreise GmbH. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  86. ^ ".VOTO Registration Policy". Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.
  87. ^ "Registrant FAQs". Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.
  88. ^ "Why choose .LTDA?". .LTDA advantages.
  89. ^ NAR Announces Launch of .REALTOR Top-Level Domain, realtor.org. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  90. ^ nic.reit, accessed Dec. 2, 2014.
  91. ^ "CentralNic Account Manager". Manage.centralnic.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  92. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Delegated Strings". Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  93. ^ "Google Registry – Google". Google.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  94. ^ a b "Chinese government buys 20,000 new IDN domain names". Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  95. ^ "dotCapeTown - .CapeTown - The new domain extension for the City of Cape Town". Nic.capetown. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  96. ^ "dotDurban - .Durban - The new domain extension for the City of Durban". Nic.durban. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  97. ^ "dotJoburg - .Joburg - The new domain extension for the City of Johannesburg". Nic.joburg. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  98. ^ IANA - .krd Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  99. ^ .krd Network Information Centre, accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  100. ^ "「.nagoya」名古屋のための新ドメイン - GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  101. ^ IANA - .ryukyu Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  102. ^ ".taipei Net Top City". Retrieved 4 Nov 2014.
  103. ^ "Mission". Tatar Internet. Retrieved 4 Nov 2014.
  104. ^ "「.tokyo」東京のための新ドメイン - GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  105. ^ "「.yokohama」横浜のための新ドメイン - GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  106. ^ IANA — .alsace Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 19, 2014.
  107. ^ amsterdam Top-Level-Domain.
  108. ^ Template:De icon [4]
  109. ^ Template:De icon berlin Top-Level-Domain. Nic.berlin. Retrieved on 2014-05-25.
  110. ^ ".brussels is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.brussels. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  111. ^ IANA — .budapest Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  112. ^ Template:Fr icon [5]
  113. ^ Template:Ca icon Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica’t amb el teu .cat. Fundacio.cat. Retrieved on 2014-05-25.
  114. ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne" (PDF). Dot.cologne. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  115. ^ a b ".cymru .wales Our Home Online". Retrieved 4 Nov 2014.
  116. ^ ".eus Domeinua - .eus - Euskara eta Euskal Kultura Interneten". Nic.eus. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  117. ^ Template:Nl icon frl Top-Level-Domain. Nic.frl. Retrieved on 2014-09-05.
  118. ^ "Dominio .gal". Dominio.gal. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  119. ^ "Official website of .GENT". Retrieved 4 Nov 2014.
  120. ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne" (PDF). Dot.koeln. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  121. ^ "The New London Code". Nic.london. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  122. ^ IANA - .madrid Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  123. ^ "About TLDs .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА - dotMoscow: .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА TLDs for Russian Capital". Nic.moscow. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  124. ^ IANA - .nrw Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line Nov. 26, 2014.
  125. ^ ".PARIS, La nouvelle adresse web de Paris". Retrieved 13 Mar 2015.
  126. ^ ".ruhr". Dot.ruhr. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  127. ^ "dotSaarland GmbH". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  128. ^ "Register .scot domains - Calico .scot domains - dotscot is the new Scottish top level domain". Calico.scot. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  129. ^ "Tirol Domain" (in German). Retrieved 25 Nov 2014.
  130. ^ ".vlaanderen is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.vlaanderen. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  131. ^ ".wien: punktwien". Nic.wien. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  132. ^ ".zuerich Registry Operator Website". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  133. ^ IANA - .miami Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line Nov. 25, 2014.
  134. ^ ".NYC Domain Name Extension - Official Website". .NYC - The Official Website for the Ultimate New York City Address. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  135. ^ ".QUEBEC". .QUEBEC. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  136. ^ "Dot Vegas, Inc". Dot Vegas, Inc. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  137. ^ "About". Hello.kiwi. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  138. ^ Twenty4. "nic.melbourne - Home page". nic.melbourne. Retrieved 21 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  139. ^ IANA - .sydney Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  140. ^ ".LAT Domain - About us". Retrieved 13 Aug 2015.
  141. ^ ".LAT Domain - FAQs". Retrieved 13 Aug 2015.
  142. ^ "IANA - .rio Domain Delegation Data". Retrieved 1 Dec 2014.
  143. ^ IANA - .佛山 Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  144. ^ http://nic.москва/
  145. ^ IANA — .allfinanz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 19, 2014.
  146. ^ IANA — .android Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 19, 2014.
  147. ^ IANA — .aquarelle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  148. ^ "dotAXA: AXA Group New Online Space" (PDF). Domains.axa. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  149. ^ a b "Barclays begins using .Barclays and .Barclaycard top level domains". Retrieved 8 Aug 2015.
  150. ^ IANA — .bloomberg Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 19, 2014.
  151. ^ "Home dotBMW registry operator". nic.bmw. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  152. ^ IANA — .bnl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Jun. 26, 2015.
  153. ^ "nic.bnpparibas". Retrieved 4 Nov 2014.
  154. ^ IANA — .cal Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 19, 2014.
  155. ^ IANA — .caravan Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 19, 2014.
  156. ^ IANA — .cern Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  157. ^ IANA — .chrome Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  158. ^ "中国中信集团有限公司". Nic.citic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  159. ^ IANA — .crs Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  160. ^ IANA — .cuisinella Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  161. ^ IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  162. ^ IANA — .dvag Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  163. ^ IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2014.
  164. ^ IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  165. ^ IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  166. ^ IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  167. ^ "Using the .frogans gTLD". Nic.frogans. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  168. ^ IANA — .gbiz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  169. ^ IANA — .gle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  170. ^ ".globo". Nic.globo. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  171. ^ IANA — .gmail Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  172. ^ IANA — .gmo Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  173. ^ IANA — .gmx Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  174. ^ IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  175. ^ ".hsbc". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  176. ^ IANA — .ibm Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  177. ^ IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  178. ^ IANA — .lacaixa Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 25, 2014.
  179. ^ IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  180. ^ a b This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Intellectual Reserve, Inc., which is owned and operated by the LDS Church.
  181. ^ IANA — .lds Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  182. ^ "MANGO". Nic.mango. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  183. ^ "Home dotMINI registry operator". Nic.mini. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  184. ^ ".monash - Network Information Centre". Nic.monash. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  185. ^ "New gTLD Program : InitialEvaluation Report : Report Date: 10 May 2013" (PDF). Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  186. ^ IANA — .mormon Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 21, 2014.
  187. ^ "Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar". Nic.neustar. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  188. ^ IANA — .nexus Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 26, 2014.
  189. ^ IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 26, 2014.
  190. ^ ".nico - The Brand TLD for DWANGO Co., Ltd". DWANGO Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
  191. ^ IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 26, 2014.
  192. ^ IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 26, 2014.
  193. ^ "The New OVH Code" (PDF). Nic.ovh. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  194. ^ "NIC PIAGET". Retrieved 17 Mar 2015.
  195. ^ IANA — .pohl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  196. ^ IANA — .praxi Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  197. ^ IANA — .prod Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  198. ^ NIC PwC. Accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  199. ^ https://www.google.de/search?q=site:.SANDVIKCOROMANT
  200. ^ ".sca". Retrieved 4 Nov 2014.
  201. ^ IANA — .schmidt Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  202. ^ IANA — .sohu Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  203. ^ IANA — .spiegel Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  204. ^ IANA — .suzuki Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  205. ^ IANA — .tui Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 19, 2014.
  206. ^ IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  207. ^ IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  208. ^ IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  209. ^ IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  210. ^ "This is .yandex" (PDF). Nic.yandex. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  211. ^ IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 2, 2014.
  212. ^ "Nic.中信". nic.中信. Retrieved 21 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  213. ^ IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  214. ^ IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Dec. 1, 2014.
  215. ^ IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  216. ^ IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line Nov. 24, 2014.
  217. ^ "WHOIS 서비스란?". Whois.nic. Retrieved 21 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  218. ^ "ICANN announcement". Icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  219. ^ [6] [dead link‍]
  220. ^ "My Name, My Language, My Internet: IDN Test Goes Live - ICANN launches global test of Internationalized Domain Names". Icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  221. ^ http://例え.テスト, the domain of test page, contains also Kanji (Chinese character in Japanese: 例) and Hiragana (え). See also Japanese writing system.
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