List of state leaders in 1998
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This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1998.
Africa
- Algeria
- President – Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998)
- Smail Hamdani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1998–1999)
- Angola
- President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
- Prime Minister – Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996–1999)
- Benin
- President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister – Adrien Houngbédji, Prime Minister of Benin (1996–1998)
- Botswana
- President –
- Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
- Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
- President –
- Burkina Faso
- President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister – Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
- Burundi
- President – Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
- Prime Minister – Pascal-Firmin Ndimira. Prime Minister of Burundi (1996–1998)
- Cameroon
- President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister – Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
- Cape Verde
- President – António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
- Prime Minister – Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
- Central African Republic
- President – Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister – Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1997–1999)
- Chad
- President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister – Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime Minister of Chad (1997–1999)
- Comoros
- President –
- Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, President of the Comoros (1996–1998)
- Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, Interim President of the Comoros (1998–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Nourdine Bourhane, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1997–1998)
- Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1998–1999)
- Anjouan (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim, President of Anjouan (1997–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Chamasse Said Omar, Prime Minister of Anjouan (1998)
- Abdou Mohamed Mhindi, Prime Minister of Anjouan (1998)
- Mohéli (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Said Mohamed Soefu, President of Mohéli (1997–1998)
- Prime Minister – Soidri Ahmed, Prime Minister of Mohéli (1997–1998)
- President –
- Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
- Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President – Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
- Côte d'Ivoire
- President – Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
- Prime Minister – Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
- Djibouti
- President – Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Prime Minister – Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
- Egypt
- President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister – Kamal Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt (1996–1999)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister – Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
- Eritrea
- President – Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)[1]
- Ethiopia
- President – Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
- Gabon
- President – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister – Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994–1999)
- The Gambia
- President – Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994–present)
- Ghana
- President – Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea
- President – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister – Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996–1999)
- Guinea-Bissau
- President – João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1997–1998)
- Francisco Fadul, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1998–2000)
- Kenya
- President – Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho
- Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1994–1998)
- Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
- Liberia
- President – Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State – Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Head of Government – Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1997–2000)
- Madagascar
- President – Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister –
- Pascal Rakotomavo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1997–1998)
- Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
- Malawi
- President – Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
- Mali
- President – Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister – Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994–2000)
- Mauritania
- President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1997–1998)
- Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
- Mauritius
- President – Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995–2000)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect –
- Philippe Boisadam, Prefect of Mayotte (1996–1998)
- Pierre Bayle, Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
- President of the General Council – Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
- Prefect –
- Morocco
- Monarch – Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Abdellatif Filali, Prime Minister of Morocco (1994–1998)
- Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
- Prime Minister – Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1995–1999)
- Mozambique
- President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister – Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
- Namibia
- President – Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister – Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
- Niger
- President – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger (1996–1999)
- Prime Minister – Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime Minister of Niger (1997–2000)
- Nigeria
- Head of State –
- Rwanda
- President – Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister – Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995–2000)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British dependent territory)
- Governor – David Leslie Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena (1995–1999)
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- President – Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister – Raul Bragança Neto, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1996–1999)
- Senegal
- President – Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Prime Minister –
- Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991–1998)
- Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime Minister of Senegal (1998–2000)
- Seychelles
- President – France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone
- Head of State –
- Somalia
- no functioning central government
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
- Puntland (self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)
- autonomy declared on 23 July 1998
- President – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998–2002)
- Jubaland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- independence declared on 3 September 1998
- President – Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, President of Jubaland (1998–1999)
- South Africa
- President – Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994–1999)
- Sudan
- President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
- Swaziland
- Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
- Tanzania
- President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Togo
- President – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister – Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996–1999)
- Tunisia
- President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister – Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda
- President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994–1999)
- Zambia
- President – Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
- Zimbabwe
- President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) (mostly unrecognized government, controlling about 90% of the country)
- De facto leader - Mullah Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Head of State - Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Islamic State of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) (internationally recognized government, controlling about 10% of the country)
- President - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister - Ravan A. G. Farhâdi, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1997–2001)
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) (mostly unrecognized government, controlling about 90% of the country)
- Bahrain
- Monarch – Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[2]
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[3]
- Bangladesh
- President – Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Bhutan
- Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Prime Minister – Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1998–1999)
- Brunei
- Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[4]
- Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia
- Monarch – Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
- Prime Ministers –
- Ung Huot, First Prime Minister of Cambodia (1997–1998)
- Hun Sen, Second Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present)
- China (People's Republic of China) –
- Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
- President – Jiang Zemin, President of China (1993–2003)
- Premier –
- Li Peng, Premier of the State Council of China (1987–1998)
- Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003)
- India
- President – K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister –
- I. K. Gujral, Prime Minister of India (1997–1998)
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
- Indonesia
- President –
- Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, President of Indonesia (1998–1999)
- President –
- Iran
- Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President – Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
- Iraq
- President – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister – Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
- Israel
- President – Ezer Weizman, President of Israel (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999)
- Palestinian Authority (non-state administrative authority)
- President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
- Japan
- Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Ryutaro Hashimoto, Prime Minister of Japan (1996–1998)
- Keizō Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (1998–2000)
- Jordan
- Monarch – Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Regent – Prince Hassan bin Talal, Regent of Jordan (1998–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Abdelsalam al-Majali, Prime Minister of Jordan (1997–1998)
- Fayez al-Tarawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan (1998–1999)
- Kazakhstan
- President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)[5]
- Prime Minister – Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1997–1999)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011)[6]
- Nominal Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present)
- Premier – Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (1997–2003)
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President –
- Kim Young-sam, President of South Korea (1993–1998)
- Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Goh Kun, Prime Minister of South Korea (1997–1998)
- Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1998–2000)
- President –
- Kuwait
- Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)[7]
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)[8]
- Kyrgyzstan
- President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)[9]
- Prime Minister –
- Apas Jumagulov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1993–1998)
- Kubanychbek Jumaliyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998)
- Boris Silayev, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998)
- Jumabek Ibraimov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998–1999)
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
- President –
- Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (1992–1998)
- Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
- Premier –
- Lebanon
- President –
- Elias Hrawi, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992–1998)
- Selim al-Hoss, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1998–2000)
- President –
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor – Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Governor of Macau (1991–1999)
- Malaysia
- Monarch – Tuanku Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister – Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Maldives
- President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1996–1998)
- Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1998–1999)
- Myanmar
- Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister – Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
- Nepal
- Monarch – Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister –
- Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (1997–1998)
- Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1998–1999)
- Oman
- Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President –
- Wasim Sajjad, Acting President of Pakistan (1997–1998)
- Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998–2001)
- Prime Minister – Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1997–1999)
- President –
- Philippines
- President –
- General Fidel V. Ramos, President of the Philippines (1992–1998)
- Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998–2001)
- President –
- Qatar
- Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Singapore
- President – Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993–1999)
- Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
- Sri Lanka
- President – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister – Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994–2000)
- Syria
- President – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister – Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
- Taiwan (Republic of China) –
- President – Lee Teng-hui, President of Taiwan (1988–2000)
- Premier – Vincent Siew, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1997–2000)
- Tajikistan
- President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister – Yahyo Azimov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1996–1999)
- Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister – Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
- Turkey
- President – Süleyman Demirel, President of Turkey (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister – Mesut Yılmaz, Prime Minister of Turkey (1997–1999)
- Turkmenistan
- President – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)[10]
- United Arab Emirates
- President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
- Uzbekistan
- President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–present)[11]
- Prime Minister – O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader – Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997–2001)
- President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Yemen
- President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012)[12]
- Prime Minister –
- Faraj Said Bin Ghanem, Prime Minister of Yemen (1997–1998)
- Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen (1998–2001)
Europe
- Albania
- President – Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister –
- Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (1997–1998)
- Pandeli Majko, Prime Minister of Albania (1998–1999)
- Andorra
- Monarchs
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Pierre de Bousquet de Florian (1997–1999)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
- Monarchs
- Armenia
- President –
- Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President of Armenia (1990–1998)[13]
- Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1997–1998)
- Armen Darbinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1998–1999)
- President –
- Austria
- President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor – Viktor Klima, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1997–2000)
- Azerbaijan
- President – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President – Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
- Prime Minister
- Leonard Petrosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1998)
- Zhirayr Poghosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1998–1999)
- Belarus
- President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister - Sergey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1996–2000)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bosniak member – Alija Izetbegović (1996–2000), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998)
- Serb member –
- Momčilo Krajišnik (1996–1998)
- Živko Radišić (1998–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998–1999)
- Croat member –
- Krešimir Zubak (1996–1998)
- Ante Jelavić (1998–2001)
- Co-prime Ministers – Haris Silajdžić and Boro Bosić, Co-Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
- High Representative – Carlos Westendorp, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- President – Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister – Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
- Croatia
- President – Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990–1999)[14]
- Prime Minister – Zlatko Mateša, Prime Minister of Croatia (1995–2000)
- Cyprus
- President – Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
- Prime Minister – Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
- Czech Republic
- President – Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Josef Tošovský, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1997–1998)
- Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
- Denmark
- Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister – Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
- Estonia
- President – Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister – Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia (1997–1999)
- Finland
- President – Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister – Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995–2003)
- France
- President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
- Georgia
- President – Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Niko Lekishvili, Minister of State of Georgia (1995–1998)
- Vazha Lortkipanidze, Minister of State of Georgia (1998–2000)
- Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)[15]
- Prime Minister – Sergei Bagapsh, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001)
- Prime Minister –
- Aleksandr Shavlokhov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1996–1998)
- Merab Chigoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1998–2001)
- Germany
- President – Roman Herzog, Federal President of Germany (1994–1999)
- Chancellor –
- Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)[16]
- Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
- Greece
- President- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
- Hungary
- President – Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister –
- Gyula Horn, Prime Minister of Hungary (1994–1998)
- Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
- Iceland
- President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–present)
- Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
- Ireland
- President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
- Italy
- President – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Latvia
- President – Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Guntars Krasts, Prime Minister of Latvia (1997–1998)
- Vilis Krištopans, Prime Minister of Latvia (1998–1999)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Prime Minister – Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
- Lithuania
- President –
- Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
- Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister – Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1996–1999)
- President –
- Luxembourg
- Monarch – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Regent – Hereditary Grand Duke Henri, Lieutenant Representative of Luxembourg (1998–2000)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
- Macedonia
- President – Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1995–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1992–1998)
- Ljubčo Georgievski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1998–2002)
- Malta
- President – Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Alfred Sant, Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998)
- Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
- Moldova
- President – Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister – Ion Ciubuc, Prime Minister of Moldova (1997–1999)
- Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)[17]
- Monaco
- Monarch – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government – Michel Lévêque, Minister of State of Monaco (1997–2000)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister – Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Aruba (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Norway
- Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (1997–2000)
- Anne Enger Lahnstein, Acting Prime Minister of Norway (1998)
- Poland
- President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Jerzy Buzek, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
- Portugal
- President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister – António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
- Romania
- President – Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania (1996–2000)
- Prime Minister –
- Victor Ciorbea, Prime Minister of Romania (1996–1998)
- Gavril Dejeu, Interim Prime Minister of Romania (1998)
- Radu Vasile, Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999)
- Russia
- President – Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990–1999)[18]
- Prime Minister –
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Aslan Maskhadov, President of Ichkeria (1997–2005)[19]
- Prime Minister – Shamil Basayev, Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1998)
- San Marino
- Captains-Regent –
- Luigi Mazza and Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1997 – 1998)
- Alberto Cecchetti and Loris Francini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1998)
- Pietro Berti and Paolo Bollini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1998 – 1999)
- Captains-Regent –
- Slovakia
- President –
- Michal Kováč, President of Slovakia (1993–1998)
- Vladimír Mečiar and Ivan Gašparovič, Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998)
- Mikuláš Dzurinda and Jozef Migaš, Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Vladimír Mečiar, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1994–1998)
- Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
- President –
- Slovenia
- President – Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)[20]
- Prime Minister – Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2000)
- Spain
- Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister – José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
- Sweden
- Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[21]
- Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999, President), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009)
- Federal Council:[21]
- Ukraine
- President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister – Valeriy Pustovoitenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1997–1999)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Coward, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
- Bailiff – Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
- Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor – Sir Timothy Daunt, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1995–2000)
- Chief minister – Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1996–2001)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor – Sir Richard Luce, Governor of Gibraltar (1997–2000)
- Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
- Vatican City
- Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
- Yugoslavia
- President – Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000)
- Prime Minister –
- Radoje Kontić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1993–1998)
- Momir Bulatović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1998–2000)
- Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
- Prime Minister – Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)
North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor – Robert Harris, Governor of Anguilla (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister – Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1994–2000)
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister – Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister – Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1994–2001)
- The Bahamas
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
- Barbados
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
- Belize
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1993–1998)
- Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor – Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda (1997–2002)
- Premier –
- Pamela Gordon, Premier of Bermuda (1997–1998)
- Jennifer M. Smith, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor –
- David Mackilligin, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1995–1998)
- Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1998–2002)
- Chief Minister – Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
- Governor –
- Canada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General – Roméo LeBlanc, Governor General of Canada (1995–1999)
- Prime Minister – Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor – John Wynne Owen, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1995–1999)
- Head of Government – Truman Bodden, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (1994–2000)
- Costa Rica
- President –
- José María Figueres, President of Costa Rica (1994–1998)
- Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
- President –
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica
- President –
- Crispin Sorhaindo, President of Dominica (1993–1998)
- Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister – Edison James, Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
- President –
- Dominican Republic
- President – Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000)
- El Salvador
- President – Armando Calderón Sol, President of El Salvador (1994–1999)
- Grenada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General – Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
- Guatemala
- President – Álvaro Arzú, President of Guatemala (1996–2000)
- Haiti
- President – René Préval, President of Haiti (1996–2001)
- Honduras
- President –
- Carlos Roberto Reina, President of Honduras (1994–1998)
- Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras (1998–2002)
- President –
- Jamaica
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
- Mexico
- President – Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico (1994–2000)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor – Tony Abbott, Governor of Montserrat (1997–2001)
- Chief Minister – David Brandt, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990–2002)
- Prime Minister –
- Nicaragua
- President – Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
- Panama
- President – Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama (1994–1999)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General – Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
- Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect – Rémi Thuau, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1997–1999)
- President of the General Council – Bernard Le Soavec, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1996–2000)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
- Prime Minister – Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- President – A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister – Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor – John Kelly, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister – Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003)
- United States of America
- President – Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor – Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1993–2001)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Roy Schneider, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1995–1999)
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor – Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
- Australia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator –
- Ronald Harvey, Administrator of Christmas Island (1997–1998)
- Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1998–1999)
- Shire President – Dave McLane, Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001)
- Administrator –
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator –
- Ronald Harvey, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1997–1998)
- Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1998–1999)
- Shire President – Radal bin Feyrel, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1995–1999)
- Administrator –
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
- Chief Minister – George Charles Smith, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1997–2000)
- Fiji
- President – Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister – Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992–1999)
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner – Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
- President of the Government – Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Carl T.C. Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
- Kiribati
- President – Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
- Marshall Islands
- President – Imata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1997–2000)
- Micronesia
- President – Jacob Nena, President of Micronesia (1997–1999)
- Nauru
- President –
- Kinza Clodumar, President of Nauru (1997–1998)
- Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1998–1999)
- President –
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner – Dominique Bur, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1995–1999)
- New Zealand
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister – Jenny Shipley, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1997–1999)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative – Sir Apenera Short, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister – Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989–1999)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier – Frank Lui, Premier of Niue (1993–1999)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator – Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
- Head of Government –
- Falima Teao, Head of Government of Tokelau (1997–1998)
- Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (1998–1999)
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor –
- Froilan Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1994–1998)
- Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002)
- Governor –
- Palau
- President – Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993–2001)[22]
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister – Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1997–1999)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor –
- Robert Alston, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1994–1998)
- Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1998–2001)
- Mayor – Jay Warren, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
- Governor –
- Samoa
- Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Samoa (1988–1998)
- Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
- Solomon Islands –
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Moses Pitakaka, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister – Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1997–2000)
- Tonga
- Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[23]
- Prime Minister – Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga (1991–2000)
- Tuvalu
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General –
- Sir Tulaga Manuella, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1994–1998)
- Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister – Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1996–1999)
- Vanuatu
- President – Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau, President of Vanuatu (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister –
- Serge Vohor, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1996–1998)
- Donald Kalpokas, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1998–1999)
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior –
- Claude Pierret, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1996–1998)
- Christian Dors, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1998–2000)
- President of the Territorial Assembly – Victor Brial, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1997–1999)
- Administrator-Superior –
South America
- Argentina
- President – Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989–1999)
- Bolivia
- President – Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997–2001)
- Brazil
- President – Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995–2003)
- Chile
- President – Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994–2000)
- Colombia
- President –
- Ernesto Samper, President of Colombia (1994–1998)
- Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998–2002)
- President –
- Ecuador
- President –
- Fabián Alarcón, President of Ecuador (1997–1998)
- Jamil Mahuad, President of Ecuador (1998–2000)
- President –
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor – Richard Ralph, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1996–1999)
- Chief Executive – Andrew Gurr, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1994–1999)
- Guyana
- President – Janet Jagan, President of Guyana (1997–1999)
- Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1997–1999)
- Paraguay
- President –
- Juan Carlos Wasmosy, President of Paraguay (1993–1998)
- Raúl Cubas Grau, President of Paraguay (1998–1999)
- Peru
- President – Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister –
- Suriname
- President – Jules Wijdenbosch, President of Suriname (1996–2000)
- Uruguay
- President – Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay (1995–2000)
- Venezuela
- President – Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1994–1999)
References
- ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of the Chairman was declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on 5 September 1998.
- ^ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ^ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Ali Abdullah Saleh was President of North Yemen until 1990.
- ^ Armenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Croatia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.
- ^ Helmut Kohl was Chancellor of West Germany until 1990.
- ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ^ Russia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The capital was retaken by Russia in 2000 and Maskhadov was in hiding afterwards.
- ^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Palau only became independent in 1994.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.