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{{Distinguish|List of current heads of state and government}}{{short description|List of state leaders in 2024}}
{{Distinguish|List of current heads of state and government}}{{short description|List of state leaders in 2024}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2023}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{SLBY|2024}}
{{SLBY|2024}}



==Africa==
==Africa==
*'''{{flag|Algeria}}'''
*'''{{flag|Algeria}}'''
**President – [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]], [[President of Algeria]] (2019–present)
**President – [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]], [[President of Algeria]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Nadir Larbaoui]], [[Prime Minister of Algeria]] (2023–present)
**#[[Aymen Benabderrahmane]], [[Prime Minister of Algeria]] (2021–2023)
**#[[Nadir Larbaoui]], [[Prime Minister of Algeria]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Angola}}'''
*'''{{flag|Angola}}'''
**President – [[João Lourenço (politician)|João Lourenço]], [[President of Angola]] (2017–present)
**President – [[João Lourenço (politician)|João Lourenço]], [[President of Angola]] (2017–present)
Line 53: Line 50:
*'''{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}'''
*'''{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}'''
**President – [[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]], [[President of Equatorial Guinea]] (1979–present)
**President – [[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]], [[President of Equatorial Guinea]] (1979–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Manuela Roka Botey]], [[Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea]] (2023–present)
**#[[Francisco Pascual Obama Asue]], [[Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea]] (2016–2023)
**#[[Manuela Roka Botey]], [[Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Eritrea}}'''
*'''{{flag|Eritrea}}'''
**President – [[Isaias Afwerki]], [[President of Eritrea]] (1991–present){{Thinsp}}{{efn|Eritrea only became independent in 1993.}}
**President – [[Isaias Afwerki]], [[President of Eritrea]] (1991–present){{Thinsp}}{{efn|Eritrea only became independent in 1993.}}
*'''{{flag|Eswatini}}'''
*'''{{flag|Eswatini}}'''
**Monarch – [[Mswati III]], [[King of Eswatini]] (1986–present)
**Monarch – [[Mswati III]], [[King of Eswatini]] (1986–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Russell Dlamini]], [[Prime Minister of Eswatini]] (2023–present)
**#[[Cleopas Dlamini]], [[Prime Minister of Eswatini]] (2021–2023)
**#[[Mgwagwa Gamedze]], [[Prime Minister of Eswatini]] (2023)
**#[[Russell Dlamini]], [[Prime Minister of Eswatini]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Ethiopia}}'''
*'''{{flag|Ethiopia}}'''
**President – [[Sahle-Work Zewde]], [[President of Ethiopia]] (2018–present)
**President – [[Sahle-Work Zewde]], [[President of Ethiopia]] (2018–present)
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*'''{{flag|Gabon}}'''
*'''{{flag|Gabon}}'''
**Junta Leader  – [[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]], Chairman of the [[Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions]] (2023–present)
**Junta Leader  – [[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]], Chairman of the [[Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions]] (2023–present)
**President – [[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]], [[President of Gabon|Transitional President of Gabon]] (2023–present)
**President –
**#[[Ali Bongo|Ali Bongo Ondimba]], [[President of Gabon]] (2009–2023)
**Prime Minister – [[Raymond Ndong Sima]], [[Prime Minister of Gabon]] (2023–present)
**#[[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]], [[President of Gabon|Transitional President of Gabon]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister –
**#[[Rose Christiane Raponda]], [[Prime Minister of Gabon]] (2020–2023)
**#[[Alain Claude Bilie By Nze]], [[Prime Minister of Gabon]] (2023)
**#[[Raymond Ndong Sima]], [[Prime Minister of Gabon]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|The Gambia}}'''
*'''{{flag|The Gambia}}'''
**President – [[Adama Barrow]], [[President of the Gambia]] (2017–present)
**President – [[Adama Barrow]], [[President of the Gambia]] (2017–present)
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*'''{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}'''
*'''{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}'''
**President – [[Umaro Sissoco Embaló]], [[President of Guinea-Bissau]] (2020–present)
**President – [[Umaro Sissoco Embaló]], [[President of Guinea-Bissau]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Rui Duarte de Barros]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau]] (2023–present)
**#[[Nuno Gomes Nabiam]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau]] (2020–2023)
**#[[Geraldo Martins]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau]] (2023)
**#[[Rui Duarte de Barros]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Ivory Coast}}'''
*'''{{flag|Ivory Coast}}'''
**President – [[Alassane Ouattara]], [[President of the Ivory Coast]] (2010–present)
**President – [[Alassane Ouattara]], [[President of the Ivory Coast]] (2010–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Robert Beugré Mambé]], [[Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast]] (2023–present)
**#[[Patrick Achi]], [[Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast]] (2021–2023)
**#[[Robert Beugré Mambé]], [[Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Kenya}}'''
*'''{{flag|Kenya}}'''
**President – [[William Ruto]], [[President of Kenya]] (2022–present)
**President – [[William Ruto]], [[President of Kenya]] (2022–present)
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***Prime Minister – [[Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh]], [[Prime Minister of the State of Libya|Prime Minister of Libya]] (2021–present)
***Prime Minister – [[Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh]], [[Prime Minister of the State of Libya|Prime Minister of Libya]] (2021–present)
**[[Government of National Stability]] (unrecognized, rival government)
**[[Government of National Stability]] (unrecognized, rival government)
***Prime Minister –
***Prime Minister – [[Osama Hamada]], Acting Prime Minister of Libya (2023–present)
***#[[Fathi Bashagha]], [[Prime Minister of the State of Libya|Prime Minister of Libya]] (2022–2023)
***#[[Osama Hamada]], Acting Prime Minister of Libya (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Madagascar}}'''
*'''{{flag|Madagascar}}'''
**President –
**President – [[Andry Rajoelina]], [[President of Madagascar]] (2023–present)
**#[[Andry Rajoelina]], [[President of Madagascar]] (2019–2023)
**#[[Christian Ntsay]], Acting [[President of Madagascar]] (2023)
**#[[Richard Ravalomanana]], Acting [[President of Madagascar]] (2023)
**#[[Andry Rajoelina]], [[President of Madagascar]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister – [[Christian Ntsay]], [[Prime Minister of Madagascar]] (2018–present)
**Prime Minister – [[Christian Ntsay]], [[Prime Minister of Madagascar]] (2018–present)
*'''{{flag|Malawi}}'''
*'''{{flag|Malawi}}'''
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**Prime Minister – [[Saara Kuugongelwa]], [[Prime Minister of Namibia]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister – [[Saara Kuugongelwa]], [[Prime Minister of Namibia]] (2015–present)
*'''{{flag|Niger}}'''
*'''{{flag|Niger}}'''
**President – [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]], President of the [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland]] (2023–present)
**President –
**#[[Mohamed Bazoum]], [[President of Niger]] (2021–2023)
**Prime Minister – [[Ali Lamine Zeine]], [[Prime Minister of Niger]] (2023–present)
**#[[Abdourahamane Tchiani]], President of the [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister –
**# [[Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]], [[Prime Minister of Niger]] (2021–2023)
**# [[Ali Lamine Zeine]], [[Prime Minister of Niger]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Nigeria}}'''
*'''{{flag|Nigeria}}'''
**President –
**President – [[Bola Tinubu]], [[President of Nigeria]] (2023–present)
**#[[Muhammadu Buhari]], [[President of Nigeria]] (2015–2023)
**#[[Bola Tinubu]], [[President of Nigeria]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Rwanda}}'''
*'''{{flag|Rwanda}}'''
**President – [[Paul Kagame]], [[President of Rwanda]] (2000–present)
**President – [[Paul Kagame]], [[President of Rwanda]] (2000–present)
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*'''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}'''
*'''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}'''
**President – [[Julius Maada Bio]], [[President of Sierra Leone]] (2018–present)
**President – [[Julius Maada Bio]], [[President of Sierra Leone]] (2018–present)
**Chief Minister – [[David Moinina Sengeh]], [[List of heads of government of Sierra Leone|Chief Minister of Sierra Leone]] (2023–present)
**Chief Minister –
**#[[Jacob Jusu Saffa]], [[List of heads of government of Sierra Leone|Chief Minister of Sierra Leone]] (2021–2023)
**#[[David Moinina Sengeh]], [[List of heads of government of Sierra Leone|Chief Minister of Sierra Leone]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Somalia}}'''
*'''{{flag|Somalia}}'''
**President – [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]], [[President of Somalia]] (2022–present)
**President – [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]], [[President of Somalia]] (2022–present)
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*'''{{flag|Tunisia}}'''
*'''{{flag|Tunisia}}'''
**President – [[Kais Saied]], [[President of Tunisia]] (2019–present)
**President – [[Kais Saied]], [[President of Tunisia]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Ahmed Hachani]], [[Prime Minister of Tunisia]] (2023–present)
**#[[Najla Bouden]], [[Prime Minister of Tunisia]] (2021–2023)
**#[[Ahmed Hachani]], [[Prime Minister of Tunisia]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Uganda}}'''
*'''{{flag|Uganda}}'''
**President – [[Yoweri Museveni]], [[President of Uganda]] (1986–present)
**President – [[Yoweri Museveni]], [[President of Uganda]] (1986–present)
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**Prime Minister – Prince [[Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa]], [[Prime Minister of Bahrain]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister – Prince [[Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa]], [[Prime Minister of Bahrain]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Bangladesh}}'''
*'''{{flag|Bangladesh}}'''
**President –
**President – [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]], [[President of Bangladesh]] (2023–present)
**#[[Mohammad Abdul Hamid]], [[President of Bangladesh]] (2013–2023)
**#[[Mohammed Shahabuddin]], [[President of Bangladesh]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister – [[Sheikh Hasina]], [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] (2009–present)
**Prime Minister – [[Sheikh Hasina]], [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] (2009–present)
*'''{{flag|Bhutan}}'''
*'''{{flag|Bhutan}}'''
**Monarch – [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]], [[Druk Gyalpo|King of Bhutan]] (2006–present)
**Monarch – [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]], [[Druk Gyalpo|King of Bhutan]] (2006–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Chogyal Dago Rigdzin]], [[Chief Advisor of Bhutan]] (2023–present)
**#[[Lotay Tshering]], [[Prime Minister of Bhutan]] (2018–2023)
**#[[Chogyal Dago Rigdzin]], [[Chief Advisor of Bhutan]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Brunei}}'''
*'''{{flag|Brunei}}'''
**Monarch – [[Hassanal Bolkiah]], [[Sultan of Brunei]] (1967–present){{Thinsp}}{{efn|Brunei only became independent in 1984.}}
**Monarch – [[Hassanal Bolkiah]], [[Sultan of Brunei]] (1967–present){{Thinsp}}{{efn|Brunei only became independent in 1984.}}
Line 220: Line 182:
*'''{{flag|Cambodia}}'''
*'''{{flag|Cambodia}}'''
**Monarch – [[Norodom Sihamoni]], [[King of Cambodia]] (2004–present)
**Monarch – [[Norodom Sihamoni]], [[King of Cambodia]] (2004–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Hun Manet]], [[Prime Minister of Cambodia]] (2023–present)
**#[[Hun Sen]], [[Prime Minister of Cambodia]] (1985–2023){{Thinsp}}{{efn|Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister from 1993 to 1998.}}
**#[[Hun Manet]], [[Prime Minister of Cambodia]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|China|name=China (People's Republic of China)}}'''
*'''{{flag|China|name=China (People's Republic of China)}}'''
**Communist Party Leader – [[Xi Jinping]], [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]] (2012–present)
**Communist Party Leader – [[Xi Jinping]], [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]] (2012–present)
**President – [[Xi Jinping]], [[President of the People's Republic of China|President of China]] (2013–present)
**President – [[Xi Jinping]], [[President of the People's Republic of China|President of China]] (2013–present)
**Premier – [[Li Qiang]], [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier of the State Council of China]] (2023–present)
**Premier –
**#[[Li Keqiang]], [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier of the State Council of China]] (2013–2023)
**#[[Li Qiang]], [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier of the State Council of China]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|East Timor}}'''
*'''{{flag|East Timor}}'''
**President – [[José Ramos-Horta]], [[President of East Timor]] (2022–present)
**President – [[José Ramos-Horta]], [[President of East Timor]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister –
**Prime Minister – [[Xanana Gusmão]], [[Prime Minister of East Timor]] (2023–present)
**#[[Taur Matan Ruak]], [[Prime Minister of East Timor]] (2018–2023)
**#[[Xanana Gusmão]], [[Prime Minister of East Timor]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|India}}'''
*'''{{flag|India}}'''
**President – [[Droupadi Murmu]], [[President of India]] (2022–present)
**President – [[Droupadi Murmu]], [[President of India]] (2022–present)
Line 258: Line 214:
**Prime Minister – [[Älihan Smaiylov]], [[Prime Minister of Kazakhstan]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister – [[Älihan Smaiylov]], [[Prime Minister of Kazakhstan]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|North Korea|name=North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)}}'''
*'''{{flag|North Korea|name=North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)}}'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Kim Jong Un]], [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea]]<ref>Title changed from Chairman to General Secretary on 10 January 2021.</ref> (2012–present)
**Communist Party Leade
**''De facto'' Head of State&nbsp;– [[Kim Jong Un]], Chairman of the [[State Affairs Commission of the DPRK|State Affairs Commission of North Korea]]{{Thinsp}}{{efn|Kim was referred to as ''[[supreme leader]]'' in 2011, and then appointed as First Chairman of the National Defence Commission in 2012 and Chairman of the State Affairs Commission in 2016 —having been ''[[de facto]]'' [[list of leaders of North Korea|leader]] of North Korea throughout.}} (2011–present)
**''De jure'' Head of State&nbsp;– [[Choe Ryong-hae]], [[Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly|Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea]] (2019–present)<ref>Title changed from Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly to Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly in 2021.</ref>
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Kim Tok-hun]], [[Premier of North Korea|Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|South Korea|name=South Korea (Republic of Korea)}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Yoon Suk-yeol]], [[President of South Korea]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Han Duck-soo]], [[Prime Minister of South Korea]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Kuwait}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]], [[Emir of Kuwait]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah]], [[Prime Minister of Kuwait]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Sadyr Japarov|Sadyr Dzaparov]], [[President of Kyrgyzstan]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Akylbek Japarov|Akylbek Dzaparov]], [[Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Laos}}'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Thongloun Sisoulith]], [[General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party]] (2021–present)
**President&nbsp;– [[Thongloun Sisoulith]], [[President of Laos]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Sonexay Siphandone]], [[Prime Minister of Laos]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Lebanon}}'''
**President&nbsp;– Vacant, (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Najib Mikati]], [[Prime Minister of Lebanon|President of the Council of Ministers]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Malaysia}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Abdullah of Pahang|Abdullah]], [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong|Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Anwar Ibrahim]], [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Maldives}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Mohamed Muizzu]], [[President of the Maldives]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Mongolia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh]], [[President of Mongolia]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene]], [[Prime Minister of Mongolia]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Myanmar}}'''
**'''[[State Administration Council]]'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Myint Swe]], [[President of Myanmar|Acting President of Myanmar]] (2021–present)
***Junta Leader&nbsp;– [[Min Aung Hlaing]], [[Chairman of the State Administration Council]] (2021–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Min Aung Hlaing]], [[Prime Minister of Myanmar]] (2021–present)
**[[National Unity Government of Myanmar|National Unity Government]] (unrecognized, rival government)
***President&nbsp;– [[Duwa Lashi La]], Acting President of the National Unity Government (2021–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mahn Win Khaing Than]], Prime Minister of the National Unity Government (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Nepal}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ram Chandra Poudel]], [[President of Nepal]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]], [[Prime Minister of Nepal]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Oman}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Haitham bin Tariq|Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]], [[Sultan of Oman]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Haitham bin Tariq|Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]], [[Prime Minister of Oman]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Pakistan}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Arif Alvi]], [[President of Pakistan]] (2018–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Anwaar ul Haq Kakar]], [[Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Palestine}}'''
**'''[[Palestinian National Authority]]'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Mahmoud Abbas]], [[President of the State of Palestine|President of Palestine]] (2005–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mohammad Shtayyeh]], [[Prime Minister of the State of Palestine|Prime Minister of Palestine]] (2019–present)
**[[Governance of the Gaza Strip|Hamas government in Gaza]] (unrecognized, rival government)
***Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Ismail Haniyeh]], Chairman of the [[Hamas]] Political Bureau (2017–present)
***President&nbsp;– [[Aziz Dweik]], [[Hamas government of October 2016|Interim President of the Palestinian National Authority]] (2016–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Issam al-Da’alis]], [[Hamas government of October 2016|Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Philippines}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Bongbong Marcos]], [[President of the Philippines]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Qatar}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]], [[Emir of Qatar]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani]], [[Prime Minister of Qatar]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman]], [[King of Saudi Arabia]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mohammed bin Salman]], Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Singapore}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]], [[President of Singapore]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Lee Hsien Loong]], [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] (2004–present)
*'''{{flag|Sri Lanka}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ranil Wickremesinghe]], President of Sri Lanka (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Dinesh Gunawardena]], Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2022–present)
*'''[[Syria]]'''
**'''{{flag|Syrian Arab Republic}}'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Bashar al-Assad]], [[President of Syria]] (2000–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Hussein Arnous]], [[Prime Minister of Syria]] (2020–present)
**'''[[Syrian opposition]]'''
***'''{{flagdeco|Syrian opposition}}&nbsp;[[National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces|Syrian National Coalition]]''' ([[international recognition of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces|partially recognised]], [[Syrian Interim Government|rival government]])
****President&nbsp;– [[Salem al-Meslet]], [[President of the Syrian National Coalition]] (2021–present)
****Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Abdurrahman Mustafa]], [[Prime Minister of the Syrian National Coalition]] (2019–present)
***{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Salvation Government.svg}}&nbsp;[[Syrian Salvation Government]] (unrecognized, rival government)
****Militant Leader&nbsp;– [[Abu Mohammad al-Julani]], Commander-in-Chief of [[Tahrir al-Sham]] (2017–present)<ref>{{cite news |title=Syria's Idlib enclave: how does it work? |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190628-syrias-idlib-enclave-how-does-it-work |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |agency=[[France 24]] |date=28 June 2019 |location=[[Beirut, Lebanon]] |quote=The head of the Salvation Government is [the prime minister], who assumed his post late last year, but the region's strongman is HTS chief Abu Mohammed al-Jolani.}}</ref>
****President&nbsp;– [[Mustafa al-Mousa]], President of the General Shura Council (2020–present)
****Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ali Keda]], Prime Minister of the Syrian Salvation Government (2019–present)
*{{flag|Taiwan|name=Taiwan (Republic of China)}}
**President&nbsp;– [[Tsai Ing-wen]], [[President of the Republic of China|President of Taiwan]] (2016–present)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Chen Chien-jen]], [[Premier of the Republic of China|President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Tajikistan}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Emomali Rahmon]], [[President of Tajikistan]] (1992–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Kokhir Rasulzoda]], [[Prime Minister of Tajikistan]] (2013–present)
*'''{{flag|Thailand}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Vajiralongkorn]], [[Monarchy of Thailand|King of Thailand]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Srettha Thavisin]], [[Prime Minister of Thailand]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Turkey}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], [[President of Turkey]] (2014–present)
*'''{{flag|Turkmenistan}}'''
**National Leader&nbsp;– [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]], Chairman of the [[People's Council of Turkmenistan]] (2023–present)<ref name="Berdimuhamedow">{{cite news |title=Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-gurbanguly-berdimuhamedow-turkmenistan-a8e746a5bb9935323f3f52e193b54468 |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Associated Press]] |date=22 January 2023 |location=[[Ashgabat]]}}</ref>
**President&nbsp;– [[Serdar Berdimuhamedow]], [[President of Turkmenistan]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}'''
**President&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]], [[President of the United Arab Emirates]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, [[Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates]] (2006–present)
*'''{{flag|Uzbekistan}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]], [[President of Uzbekistan]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Abdulla Aripov]], [[Prime Minister of Uzbekistan]] (2016–present)
*'''{{flag|Vietnam}}'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]], [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam]] (2011–present)
**President&nbsp;– [[Võ Văn Thưởng]], [[President of Vietnam]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Phạm Minh Chính]], [[Prime Minister of Vietnam]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Yemen}}'''
**'''[[Presidential Leadership Council]]'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Rashad al-Alimi]], [[President of Yemen|Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council of Yemen]] (2022–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed]], [[Prime Minister of Yemen]] (2018–present)
**'''[[Supreme Political Council]]''' (partially-recognized, rival government)
***Militant Leader&nbsp;– [[Abdul-Malik al-Houthi]], Leader of [[Ansar Allah]] (2015–present){{efn|Leader of Ansar Allah as [[Houthi insurgency in Yemen|an insurgency]] since 2004, until the successful [[Houthi takeover in Yemen|takeover in 2015]]}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nasser |first1=Afrah |title='Republic of fear': A return to Yemen after 11 years |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/12/18/republic-of-fear-a-return-to-yemen-after-11-years |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=18 December 2022}}</ref>
***President&nbsp;– [[Mahdi al-Mashat]], [[President of Yemen|Chairman of the Supreme Political Council of Yemen]] (2018–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour]], [[Prime Minister of Yemen]] (2016–present)

==Europe==
*{{flag|Abkhazia}} ([[international recognition of Abkhazia|partially recognised, secessionist state]])
**President&nbsp;– [[Aslan Bzhania]], [[President of Abkhazia]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Alexander Ankvab|Aleksander Ankvab]], [[Prime Minister of Abkhazia]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Albania}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Bajram Begaj]], [[President of Albania]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Edi Rama]], [[Prime Minister of Albania]] (2013–present)
*'''{{flag|Andorra}}'''
**Monarchs&nbsp;–
***French Co-Prince&nbsp;– [[Emmanuel Macron]], [[Co-Princes of Andorra|French Co-prince of Andorra]] (2017–present)
****Co-Prince's Representative&nbsp;– [[Patrick Strzoda]] (2017–present)
***Episcopal Co-Prince&nbsp;– Archbishop [[Joan Enric Vives Sicília]], [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra]] (2003–present)
****Co-Prince's Representative&nbsp;– [[Josep Maria Mauri]] (2012–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Xavier Espot Zamora]], [[Prime Minister of Andorra|Head of Government of Andorra]] (2019–present)
*'''{{flag|Armenia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]], [[President of Armenia]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Nikol Pashinyan]], [[Prime Minister of Armenia]] (2018–present)
*{{flag|Artsakh}} ([[international recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh|unrecognised, secessionist state]])
**President&nbsp;– [[Samvel Shahramanyan]], [[President of Artsakh]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Austria}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Alexander Van der Bellen]], [[President of Austria|Federal President of Austria]] (2017–present)
**Chancellor&nbsp;– [[Karl Nehammer]], [[Chancellor of Austria|Federal Chancellor of Austria]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ilham Aliyev]], [[President of Azerbaijan]] (2003–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ali Asadov]], [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan]] (2019–present)
*'''[[Belarus]]'''
**'''{{flag|Belarus|name=Republic of Belarus}}'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Alexander Lukashenko]], [[President of Belarus]] (1994–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Roman Golovchenko]], [[Prime Minister of Belarus]] (2020–present)
**{{flagdeco|Belarus|1991}}&nbsp;[[Coordination Council (Belarus)|Coordination Council for the Transfer of Power]] (partially-recognized, exile government)
***President&nbsp;– [[Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya]], President of the Coordination Council (2020–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Head of the [[United Transitional Cabinet]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Belgium|state}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]], [[monarchy of Belgium|King of the Belgians]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Alexander De Croo]], [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}'''
**Head of State&nbsp;– [[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
***Bosniak Member&nbsp;– [[Denis Bećirović]] (2022–present)
***Croat Member&nbsp;– [[Željko Komšić]] (2018–present: [[Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], 2023–present)
***Serb Member&nbsp;– [[Željka Cvijanović]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Borjana Krišto]], [[Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (2023–present)
**High Representative&nbsp;– [[Christian Schmidt (politician)|Christian Schmidt]], [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Bulgaria}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Rumen Radev]], [[President of Bulgaria]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Nikolai Denkov]], [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Croatia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Zoran Milanović]], [[President of Croatia]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Andrej Plenković]], [[Prime Minister of Croatia]] (2016–present)
*'''{{flag|Cyprus}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nikos Christodoulides]], [[President of Cyprus]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Czech Republic|}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Petr Pavel]], [[President of the Czech Republic]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Petr Fiala]], [[Prime Minister of the Czech Republic]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Denmark}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], [[monarchy of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]] (1972–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mette Frederiksen]], [[Prime Minister of Denmark]] (2019–present)
*'''{{flag|Estonia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Alar Karis]], [[President of Estonia]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Kaja Kallas]], [[Prime Minister of Estonia]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Finland}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Sauli Niinistö]], [[President of Finland]] (2012–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Petteri Orpo]], [[Prime Minister of Finland]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|France}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Emmanuel Macron]], [[President of France]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Élisabeth Borne]], [[Prime Minister of France]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Georgia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Salome Zurabishvili]], [[President of Georgia]] (2018–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Irakli Garibashvili]], [[Prime Minister of Georgia]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Germany}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]], [[President of Germany|Federal President of Germany]] (2017–present)
**Chancellor&nbsp;– [[Olaf Scholz]], [[Chancellor of Germany (1949–)|Federal Chancellor of Germany]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Greece}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Katerina Sakellaropoulou]], [[President of Greece]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Kyriakos Mitsotakis]], [[Prime Minister of Greece]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Hungary}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Katalin Novák]], [[President of Hungary]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Viktor Orbán]], [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] (2010–present)
*'''{{flag|Iceland}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Guðni Th. Jóhannesson]], [[President of Iceland]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Katrín Jakobsdóttir]], [[Prime Minister of Iceland]] (2017–present)
*'''{{flag|Ireland}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Michael D. Higgins]], [[President of Ireland]] (2011–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Leo Varadkar]], [[Taoiseach|Taoiseach of Ireland]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Italy}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Sergio Mattarella]], [[President of Italy]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Giorgia Meloni]], [[Prime Minister of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers of Italy]] (2022–present)
*{{flag|Kosovo}} ([[international recognition of Kosovo|partially recognised, secessionist state]]; [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|under nominal international administration]]){{Thinsp}}{{disputed inline|Kosovo as a subentry to Serbia (and subentry layout in general)|date=March 2016}}
**President&nbsp;– [[Vjosa Osmani]], [[President of Kosovo]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Albin Kurti]], [[Prime Minister of Kosovo]] (2021–present)
**UN Special Representative&nbsp;– [[Zahir Tanin]], [[Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo|Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo]] (2015–present)
*'''{{flag|Latvia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]], [[President of Latvia]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Evika Siliņa]], [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Liechtenstein}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Hans-Adam II]], [[Prince of Liechtenstein|Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein]] (1989–present)
**Regent&nbsp;– Hereditary Prince [[Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein|Alois]], [[Regent of Liechtenstein]] (2004–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Daniel Risch]], [[Prime Minister of Liechtenstein|Head of Government of Liechtenstein]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Lithuania}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Gitanas Nausėda]], [[President of Lithuania]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ingrida Šimonytė]], [[Prime Minister of Lithuania]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Henri]], [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] (2000–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Luc Frieden]], [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Malta}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[George Vella]], [[President of Malta]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Robert Abela]], [[Prime Minister of Malta]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Moldova}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Maia Sandu]], [[President of Moldova]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Dorin Recean]], [[Prime Minister of Moldova]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Monaco}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]], [[monarchy of Monaco|Sovereign Prince of Monaco]] (2005–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Pierre Dartout]], [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State of Monaco]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Montenegro}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Jakov Milatović]], [[President of Montenegro]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Milojko Spajić]], [[Prime Minister of Montenegro]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], [[monarchy of the Netherlands|King of the Netherlands]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister – [[Mark Rutte]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] (2010–present)
*'''{{flag|North Macedonia}}'''{{Thinsp}}
**President&nbsp;– [[Stevo Pendarovski]], [[President of North Macedonia]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Dimitar Kovačevski]], [[Prime Minister of Macedonia|President of the Government of North Macedonia]] (2022–present)
*{{flag|Northern Cyprus}} ([[international recognition of Northern Cyprus|unrecognised, secessionist state]])
**President&nbsp;– [[Ersin Tatar]], [[President of Northern Cyprus]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ünal Üstel]], [[Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Norway}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]], [[monarchy of Norway|King of Norway]] (1991–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Jonas Gahr Støre]], [[Prime Minister of Norway]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Poland}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Andrzej Duda]], [[President of Poland]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Donald Tusk]], [[Prime Minister of Poland|Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Portugal}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]], [[President of Portugal]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[António Costa]], [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] (2015–present)
*'''{{flag|Romania}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Klaus Iohannis]], [[President of Romania]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Marcel Ciolacu]], [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Russia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Vladimir Putin]], [[President of Russia]] (2012–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mikhail Mishustin]], [[Prime Minister of Russia|Chairman of the Government of Russia]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|San Marino}}'''
**Captains-Regent&nbsp;– [[Filippo Tamagnini]] and [[Gaetano Troina]], [[Captains Regent|Captains Regent of San Marino]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Serbia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Aleksandar Vučić]], [[President of Serbia]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ana Brnabić]], [[Prime Minister of Serbia]] (2017–present)
*'''{{flag|Slovakia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Zuzana Čaputová]], [[President of Slovakia]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Robert Fico]], [[Prime Minister of Slovakia]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Slovenia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nataša Pirc Musar]], [[President of Slovenia]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Robert Golob]], [[Prime Minister of Slovenia]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|South Ossetia}}''' ([[international recognition of South Ossetia|partially recognised, secessionist state]])
**President&nbsp;– [[Alan Gagloev]], [[President of South Ossetia]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Konstantin Dzhussoev]], [[Prime Minister of South Ossetia]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Spain}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]], [[monarchy of Spain|King of Spain]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Pedro Sánchez (Spanish politician)|Pedro Sánchez]], [[Prime Minister of Spain|President of the Government of Spain]] (2018–present)
*'''{{flag|Sweden}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]], [[monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]] (1973–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ulf Kristersson]], [[Prime Minister of Sweden]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Switzerland}}'''
**Council&nbsp;– [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council of Switzerland]]{{Thinsp}}{{efn|The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is [[head of state]] and [[head of government|government]] collectively. Within this executive council, the president serves solely in a ''[[primus inter pares]]'' capacity for one year.}}
***Members&nbsp;– <!-- ordered by seniority --> [[Viola Amherd]] (2019–present; [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of Switzerland]], 2024–present), [[Guy Parmelin]] (2016–present), [[Ignazio Cassis]] (2017–present), [[Karin Keller-Sutter]] (2019–present), [[Élisabeth Baume-Schneider]] (2023–present), [[Albert Rösti]] (2023–present), [[Viktor Rossi
]] (2024–present) and [[Beat Jans]] (2024–present)
*{{flag|Transnistria|state}} ([[International recognition of Transnistria|unrecognized, secessionist state]])
**President&nbsp;– [[Vadim Krasnoselsky]], [[President of Transnistria]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Aleksandr Rozenberg]], [[Prime Minister of Transnistria]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Ukraine}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], [[President of Ukraine]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Denys Shmyhal]], [[Prime Minister of Ukraine]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|United Kingdom}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of the United Kingdom]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Rishi Sunak]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Vatican City}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Pope]] [[Pope Francis|Francis]], [[list of sovereigns of Vatican City State|Sovereign of Vatican City]] (2013–present)
**Head of Government&nbsp;– Cardinal [[Fernando Vérgez Alzaga]], [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Governorate of Vatican City]] (2021–present)
**[[Holy See]] ([[legal status of the Holy See|''sui generis'' subject]] of [[public international law]])
***Secretary of State&nbsp;– Cardinal [[Pietro Parolin]], [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] (2013–present)

==North America==
*'''{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda|King of Antigua and Barbuda]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Rodney Williams (governor-general)|Rodney Williams]], [[Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Gaston Browne]], [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda]] (2014–present)
*'''{{flag|The Bahamas}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of the Bahamas|King of the Bahamas]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– [[Cynthia A. Pratt]], [[Governor-General of the Bahamas]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)|Philip Davis]], [[Prime Minister of the Bahamas]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Barbados}}'''
**President&nbsp;– Dame [[Sandra Mason]], [[President of Barbados]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mia Mottley]], [[Prime Minister of Barbados]] (2018–present)
*'''{{flag|Belize}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Belize|King of Belize]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– [[Froyla Tzalam|Dame Froyla Tzalam]], [[Governor-General of Belize]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Johnny Briceño]], [[Prime Minister of Belize]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Canada}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Canada|King of Canada]] (2022–present)
**Governor General&nbsp;– [[Mary Simon]], [[Governor General of Canada]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Justin Trudeau]], [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (2015–present)
*'''{{flag|Costa Rica}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]], [[President of Costa Rica]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Cuba}}'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]], [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba]] (2021–present)
**President&nbsp;– [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]], [[President of Cuba]]{{Efn|Titled President of the Council of State until 10 October 2019.}} (2018–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Manuel Marrero Cruz]], [[Prime Minister of Cuba|Prime Minister]] (2019–present)
*'''{{flag|Dominica}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Sylvanie Burton]], [[President of Dominica]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Roosevelt Skerrit]], [[Prime Minister of Dominica]] (2004–present)
*'''{{flag|Dominican Republic}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Luis Abinader]], [[President of the Dominican Republic]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|El Salvador}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nayib Bukele]], [[President of El Salvador]] (2019–present)
***[[Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara]], [[President of El Salvador|Acting President of El Salvador]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Grenada}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Grenada|King of Grenada]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Dame [[Cécile La Grenade]], [[Governor-General of Grenada]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Dickon Mitchell]], [[Prime Minister of Grenada]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Guatemala}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Alejandro Giammattei]], [[President of Guatemala]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Haiti}}'''
**President&nbsp;– Vacant (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ariel Henry]], [[Prime Minister of Haiti|Acting Prime Minister of Haiti]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Honduras}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Xiomara Castro]], [[President of Honduras]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Jamaica}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Jamaica|King of Jamaica]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Patrick Allen (governor-general)|Patrick Allen]], [[Governor-General of Jamaica]] (2009–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Andrew Holness]], [[Prime Minister of Jamaica]] (2016–present)
*'''{{flag|Mexico}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], [[President of Mexico]] (2018–present)
*'''{{flag|Nicaragua}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Daniel Ortega]], [[President of Nicaragua]] (2007–present)
*'''{{flag|Panama}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Laurentino Cortizo]], [[President of Panama]] (2019–present)
*'''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis|King of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Dame [[Marcella Liburd]], [[Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Terrance Drew]], [[Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Saint Lucia}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Saint Lucia|King of Saint Lucia]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– [[Errol Charles]], [[Governor-General of Saint Lucia|Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Philip Pierre]], [[Prime Minister of Saint Lucia]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|King of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– <!-- Dame -->[[Susan Dougan|Dame Susan Dougan]], [[Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ralph Gonsalves]], [[Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] (2001–present)
*'''{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Christine Kangaloo]], [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]] (2023–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Keith Rowley]], [[Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago]] (2015–present)
*'''{{flag|United States}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Joe Biden]], [[President of the United States]] (2021–present)

==Oceania==
*'''{{flag|Australia}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Australia|King of Australia]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– [[David Hurley]], [[Governor-General of Australia]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Anthony Albanese]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Fiji}}'''
**President&nbsp;– Ratu [[Wiliame Katonivere]], [[President of Fiji]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Sitiveni Rabuka]], [[Prime Minister of Fiji]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Kiribati}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Taneti Mamau]], [[President of Kiribati]] (2016–present)
*'''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[David Kabua]], [[President of the Marshall Islands]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Micronesia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Wesley Simina]], [[President of Micronesia]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Nauru}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[David Adeang]], [[President of Nauru]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|New Zealand}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of New Zealand|King of New Zealand]] (2022–present)
**Governor General&nbsp;– Dame [[Cindy Kiro]], [[Governor-General of New Zealand]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Christopher Luxon]], [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Palau}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Surangel Whipps Jr.]], [[President of Palau]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Papua New Guinea|King of Papua New Guinea]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Bob Dadae]], [[Governor-General of Papua New Guinea]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[James Marape]], [[Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea]] (2019–present)
*'''{{flag|Samoa}}'''
**Head of State&nbsp;– [[Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II]], [[O le Ao o le Malo|O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa]], [[Prime Minister of Samoa]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Solomon Islands|King of Solomon Islands]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[David Vunagi]], [[Governor-General of Solomon Islands]] (2019–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Manasseh Sogavare]], [[Prime Minister of Solomon Islands]] (2019–present)
*'''{{flag|Tonga}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Tupou VI]], [[monarchy of Tonga|King of Tonga]] (2012–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Siaosi Sovaleni]], [[Prime Minister of Tonga]] (2021–present)
*'''{{flag|Tuvalu}}'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Tuvalu|King of Tuvalu]] (2022–present)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– [[Tofiga Vaevalu Falani|Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani]], [[Governor-General of Tuvalu]] (2021–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Kausea Natano]], [[Prime Minister of Tuvalu]] (2019–present)
*'''{{flag|Vanuatu}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nikenike Vurobaravu]], [[President of Vanuatu]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Charlot Salwai]], [[Prime Minister of Vanuatu]] (2023–present)

==South America==
*'''{{flag|Argentina}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Javier Milei]], [[President of Argentina]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Bolivia|state}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Luis Arce]], [[President of Bolivia]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Brazil}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], [[President of Brazil]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Chile}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Gabriel Boric]], [[President of Chile]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Colombia}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Gustavo Petro]], [[President of Colombia]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Ecuador}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Daniel Noboa]], [[President of Ecuador]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Guyana}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Irfaan Ali]], [[President of Guyana]] (2020–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mark Phillips (Guyana)|Mark Phillips]], [[Prime Minister of Guyana]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Paraguay}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Santiago Peña]], [[President of Paraguay]] (2023–present)
*'''{{flag|Peru}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Dina Boluarte]], [[President of Peru]] (2022–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Alberto Otárola]], [[President of the Council of Ministers of Peru]] (2022–present)
*'''{{flag|Suriname}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Chan Santokhi]], [[President of Suriname]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Uruguay}}'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Luis Lacalle Pou]], [[President of Uruguay]] (2020–present)
*'''{{flag|Venezuela}}'''
**'''[[Venezuela|Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]]'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Nicolás Maduro]], [[President of Venezuela]] (2013–present)
**[[IV National Assembly of Venezuela|2015 National Assembly]] ([[Responses to the Venezuelan presidential crisis|partially recognised, exile government]])
***President&nbsp;– [[Dinorah Figuera]], [[President of the National Assembly of Venezuela|President of the National Assembly]] (2023–present)

==See also==
*[[List of current heads of state and government]]
*[[List of national power transfers in 2024]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|35em}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/(filtro)/activos#.VGNX6BODPNw/ CIDOB Foundation] {{in lang|es}}{{emdash}}contextualised biographies of world political leaders
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160223222318/http://www.portalestoria.net/rulers%20countryby.htm Portale Storia] {{in lang|es}}{{emdash}}a list of current rulers by country
*[http://rulers.org/ Rulers]{{emdash}}a list of rulers throughout time and places
*[http://worldstatesmen.org/ WorldStatesmen]{{emdash}}an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories

{{Lists of 21st-century state leaders}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:State leaders in 2024}}
[[Category:2024 in politics|State leaders]]
[[Category:2024-related lists|State leaders]]
[[Category:2024 in international relations|State leaders]]
[[Category:Lists of state leaders by year|2024]]
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders]]

Revision as of 10:32, 31 December 2023

Not to be confused with List of current heads of state and government.

See also

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2024.

Africa

Asia

Europe

]] (2024–present) and Beat Jans (2024–present)

North America

Oceania

South America

See also

Notes

  1. ^ As President of the Transitional Military Council from 2021 to 2022
  2. ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
  3. ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
  4. ^ Kim was referred to as supreme leader in 2011, and then appointed as First Chairman of the National Defence Commission in 2012 and Chairman of the State Affairs Commission in 2016 —having been de facto leader of North Korea throughout.
  5. ^ Leader of Ansar Allah as an insurgency since 2004, until the successful takeover in 2015
  6. ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. Within this executive council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  7. ^ Titled President of the Council of State until 10 October 2019.

References

  1. ^ Between 12 April 2019 and 21 August 2019 Burhan was titled as Chairman of the Transitional Military Council, between 20 August 2019 and 25 October 2021 as Chairman of the Sovereignty Council and between 25 October 2021 and 11 November 2021 was Head of state de facto.
  2. ^ Title changed from Chairman to General Secretary on 10 January 2021.
  3. ^ Title changed from Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly to Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly in 2021.
  4. ^ "Syria's Idlib enclave: how does it work?". Agence France-Presse. Beirut, Lebanon. France 24. 28 June 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2023. The head of the Salvation Government is [the prime minister], who assumed his post late last year, but the region's strongman is HTS chief Abu Mohammed al-Jolani.
  5. ^ "Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power". Associated Press. Ashgabat. 22 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  6. ^ Nasser, Afrah (18 December 2022). "'Republic of fear': A return to Yemen after 11 years". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  • CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
  • Portale Storia (in Spanish)—a list of current rulers by country
  • Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
  • WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories
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