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The Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), a joint venture between [[Government of India]] and the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] builds and operates Chennai Metro. The system has a mix of underground and elevated stations and uses standard gauge. The services operate daily between 06:00 and 22:00 with a varying-frequency of 10-20 minutes.
The Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), a joint venture between [[Government of India]] and the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] builds and operates Chennai Metro. The system has a mix of underground and elevated stations and uses standard gauge. The services operate daily between 06:00 and 22:00 with a varying-frequency of 10-20 minutes.


The system has also planned to complete the takeover of the existing [[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System]] by 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/report-on-merger-of-metro-rail-mrts-in-six-months/article18596779.ece|title=Chennai Metro-MRTS merger report in six months|last=Reporter,|first=Staff|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-06-17|language=en}}</ref>, which would be upgraded to operate using the rolling stock of the Chennai Metro.<ref>{{cite news |last=Janardhanan|first=Arun |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Chennai/Chennai-Metro-rail-likely-to-take-over-MRTS/articleshow/39454072.cms |title=Chennai Metro rail likely to take over MRTS |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 August 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> CMRL was recognised by the [[International Association of Public Transport]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chennaimetrorail.gov.in/newsletter/CMRL%20l%20Newsletter%20l%20Aug%202015%20l%20Final%20PDF.pdf#page=2 |title=Chennai Metro Rail Newsletter (August 2015) |work=Chennai Metro Rail Limited |access-date=15 September 2015}}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref>
The system has also planned to complete the takeover of the existing [[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System]] by 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/report-on-merger-of-metro-rail-mrts-in-six-months/article18596779.ece|title=Chennai Metro-MRTS merger report in six months|last=Reporter,|first=Staff|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-06-17|language=en}}</ref>, which would be upgraded to operate using the rolling stock of the Chennai Metro.<ref>{{cite news |last=Janardhanan|first=Arun |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Chennai/Chennai-Metro-rail-likely-to-take-over-MRTS/articleshow/39454072.cms |title=Chennai Metro rail likely to take over MRTS |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 August 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> CMRL was recognised by the [[International Association of Public Transport]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chennaimetrorail.gov.in/newsletter/CMRL%20l%20Newsletter%20l%20Aug%202015%20l%20Final%20PDF.pdf#page=2 |title=Chennai Metro Rail Newsletter (August 2015) |work=Chennai Metro Rail Limited |access-date=15 September 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005112751/http://chennaimetrorail.gov.in/newsletter/CMRL%20l%20Newsletter%20l%20Aug%202015%20l%20Final%20PDF.pdf#page=2 |archivedate=5 October 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


The construction began in June 2009 and the first stretch covering seven stations from [[Koyambedu]] to [[Alandur]] over a distance of {{convert|10|km|mi}}, began operation on 29 June 2015. And as of May 2017, [[Nehru Park metro station|Nehru Park]] to [[St. Thomas Mount]] on [[Green Line (Chennai Metro)|Green line]] and [[Little Mount metro station|Little Mount]] to [[Chennai International Airport]] on [[Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|Blue line]] are commercially operational which brings the total operational network to 28 km.
The construction began in June 2009 and the first stretch covering seven stations from [[Koyambedu]] to [[Alandur]] over a distance of {{convert|10|km|mi}}, began operation on 29 June 2015. And as of May 2017, [[Nehru Park metro station|Nehru Park]] to [[St. Thomas Mount]] on [[Green Line (Chennai Metro)|Green line]] and [[Little Mount metro station|Little Mount]] to [[Chennai International Airport]] on [[Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|Blue line]] are commercially operational which brings the total operational network to 28 km.
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In February 2009, Hyderabad-based Soma Enterprise was awarded a {{INRconvert|199.2|c}} contract for the construction of a {{convert|4.5|km}} long viaduct along the Inner Ring Road.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2009/02/19/stories/2009021951070300.htm |title=Soma Enterprise bags Chennai Metro Rail order|newspaper=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=19 February 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> In March 2009, a five-member consortium led by Egis Rail SA, France was awarded {{USD}} 30 million contract for general consultancy contract.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Transportation/Another-Milestone-in-Chennai-metro-to-be-designed-French/articleshow/4250688.cms|title=USD 30 million contract by CMRL |last=Ramesh|first=Niranjana|access-date=10 March 2009|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=10 March 2009}}</ref> On May 20, CMRL started to evaluate the integration of Metro corridor with the planned grade separator at the junction of Arcot Road and Jawaharlal Nehru Road.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/20/stories/2009052059360300.htm|title=Ball set rolling on Vadapalani flyover |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 May 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> The construction started on 10 June 2009 with the [[piling]] work for the elevated viaduct between [[Koyambedu]] and [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]] stretch. In July 2009, tenders were invited for supplying rolling stock and construction of elevated viaducts for Phase I of the metro.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.projectstoday.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=27154 |title=Chennai Metro to invite bids for passenger EMUs|work=Projects Today|date=25 July 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.projectstoday.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?smid=24&nid=27592|title=CMRL invites bids for construction of elevated viaducts|work=Projects Today|date=25 August 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref>
In February 2009, Hyderabad-based Soma Enterprise was awarded a {{INRconvert|199.2|c}} contract for the construction of a {{convert|4.5|km}} long viaduct along the Inner Ring Road.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2009/02/19/stories/2009021951070300.htm |title=Soma Enterprise bags Chennai Metro Rail order|newspaper=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=19 February 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> In March 2009, a five-member consortium led by Egis Rail SA, France was awarded {{USD}} 30 million contract for general consultancy contract.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Transportation/Another-Milestone-in-Chennai-metro-to-be-designed-French/articleshow/4250688.cms|title=USD 30 million contract by CMRL |last=Ramesh|first=Niranjana|access-date=10 March 2009|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=10 March 2009}}</ref> On May 20, CMRL started to evaluate the integration of Metro corridor with the planned grade separator at the junction of Arcot Road and Jawaharlal Nehru Road.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/20/stories/2009052059360300.htm|title=Ball set rolling on Vadapalani flyover |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 May 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> The construction started on 10 June 2009 with the [[piling]] work for the elevated viaduct between [[Koyambedu]] and [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]] stretch. In July 2009, tenders were invited for supplying rolling stock and construction of elevated viaducts for Phase I of the metro.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.projectstoday.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=27154 |title=Chennai Metro to invite bids for passenger EMUs|work=Projects Today|date=25 July 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.projectstoday.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?smid=24&nid=27592|title=CMRL invites bids for construction of elevated viaducts|work=Projects Today|date=25 August 2009|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref>


In January 2011, Larsen and Toubro was awarded the contract for elevated viaducts for {{INRconvert|314.43|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeschennai.com/index.php?mod=article&cat=Chennai&article=45494|title=L&T bags metro contract|newspaper=Times Chennai|access-date=6 June 2016|date=16 August 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref> In March 2011, Chennai Metro reached an agreement with [[Government of Japan]] for a loan of {{INRconvert|2932.6|c}} for the second phase.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Japan-commits-Rs10535cr-towards-six-infra-projects-in-India/articleshow/5738120.cms|title=Japan commits Rs 10535cr towards six infra projects in India |newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=29 March 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/article318785.ece|title=Japan credit for six infrastructure projects|newspaper=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=29 March 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> In June, tenders for the elevated stations of the first phase was awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium Limited.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Elevated-metro-stations-to-come-up-at-10-places/articleshow/6103582.cms|title=Elevated metro stations to come up at 10 places|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=29 June 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article490699.ece|title=Tenders awarded for 10 Metro Rail stations|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 June 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> In August 2010, the contract for supplying rolling stock was awarded to [[Alstom]] at a cost of {{INRconvert|1471.3|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/alstom-to-provide-168-cars-for-chennais-metro/680434/|title=Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|date=11 September 2010|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url= http://www.transport.alstom.com/home/news/press_archive/52365.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/home/news/press_archive/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100913163844/http://www.transport.alstom.com:80/home/news/press_archive/52365.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/home/news/press_archive/|dead-url= yes|archive-date= 13 September 2010|title=First Metro Rolling Stock contract in India|work=Alstom Transport|date=9 September 2010|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref> It was announced that the first phase will be extended by {{convert|8.9|km}} and Larsen and Toubro was awarded a contract to construct a depot at Koyambedu.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ajai|last=Sreevatsan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article580776.ece|title=Metro Rail set to be extended to Tiruvottiyur|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 August 2010|access-date=20 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/indl-goods-/-svs/engineering/LT-awarded-construction-of-Metro-Rail-depot-works/articleshow/7107356.cms|title=L&T awarded construction of Metro Rail depot works|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=15 December 2010|access-date=3 March 2011}}</ref> In December 2010, DMRC submitted a report for extending Corridor-I from Washemenpet to Wimco Nagar, a distance of {{convert|9|km}} at an estimated cost of {{INRconvert|2240|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/pursue-phaseii-of-chennai-metro-e-sreedharan/article2756362.ece |title=Pursue Phase-II of Chennai Metro: E. Sreedharan|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref>
In January 2011, Larsen and Toubro was awarded the contract for elevated viaducts for {{INRconvert|314.43|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeschennai.com/index.php?mod=article&cat=Chennai&article=45494|title=L&T bags metro contract|newspaper=Times Chennai|access-date=6 June 2016|date=16 August 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref> In March 2011, Chennai Metro reached an agreement with [[Government of Japan]] for a loan of {{INRconvert|2932.6|c}} for the second phase.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Japan-commits-Rs10535cr-towards-six-infra-projects-in-India/articleshow/5738120.cms|title=Japan commits Rs 10535cr towards six infra projects in India |newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=29 March 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/article318785.ece|title=Japan credit for six infrastructure projects|newspaper=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=29 March 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> In June, tenders for the elevated stations of the first phase was awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium Limited.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Elevated-metro-stations-to-come-up-at-10-places/articleshow/6103582.cms|title=Elevated metro stations to come up at 10 places|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=29 June 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article490699.ece|title=Tenders awarded for 10 Metro Rail stations|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 June 2010|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> In August 2010, the contract for supplying rolling stock was awarded to [[Alstom]] at a cost of {{INRconvert|1471.3|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/alstom-to-provide-168-cars-for-chennais-metro/680434/|title=Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|date=11 September 2010|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url= http://www.transport.alstom.com/home/news/press_archive/52365.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/home/news/press_archive/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100913163844/http://www.transport.alstom.com/home/news/press_archive/52365.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=%2Fhome%2Fnews%2Fpress_archive%2F|dead-url= yes|archive-date= 13 September 2010|title= First Metro Rolling Stock contract in India|work= Alstom Transport|date= 9 September 2010|access-date= 18 September 2010|df= dmy-all}}</ref> It was announced that the first phase will be extended by {{convert|8.9|km}} and Larsen and Toubro was awarded a contract to construct a depot at Koyambedu.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ajai|last=Sreevatsan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article580776.ece|title=Metro Rail set to be extended to Tiruvottiyur|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 August 2010|access-date=20 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/indl-goods-/-svs/engineering/LT-awarded-construction-of-Metro-Rail-depot-works/articleshow/7107356.cms|title=L&T awarded construction of Metro Rail depot works|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=15 December 2010|access-date=3 March 2011}}</ref> In December 2010, DMRC submitted a report for extending Corridor-I from Washemenpet to Wimco Nagar, a distance of {{convert|9|km}} at an estimated cost of {{INRconvert|2240|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/pursue-phaseii-of-chennai-metro-e-sreedharan/article2756362.ece |title=Pursue Phase-II of Chennai Metro: E. Sreedharan|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref>


In January 2011, a {{INRconvert|449.22|c}} contract for design and construction of track works was awarded to a joint venture of L&T and Alstom and a {{INRconvert|198|c}} contract for supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts and SJEC Corporation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2011/01/22/stories/2011012251870200.htm|title=L&T, Alstom venture bags Chennai Metro project|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 January 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Metro Rail awards contract for lifts|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article1147579.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> In February 2011, contracts were awarded for the construction of underground sections of the first phase.<ref>{{cite news|title=Two firms bag 12 underground tunnels & stations work|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Two-firms-bag-12-underground-tunnels-stations-work/articleshow/7381968.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=1 February 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gammon India bags two Chennai Metro orders worth Rs 19.47&nbsp;billion|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/indl-goods-/-svs/construction/gammon-india-bags-two-chennai-metro-orders-worth-rs-1947-cr/articleshow/7555112.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2 February 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> The contract for power supply and overhead electrification was awarded to [[Siemens]] for {{INRconvert|305|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Siemens wins power supply contract for Chennai metro|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/siemens-wins-power-supply-contract-for-chennai-metro/426153/|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=12 February 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> Contracts for Automatic Fare Collection (AFC), tunnel ventilation and air conditioning were awarded to Nippon Signal, [[Emirates Trading Agency]] and [[Voltas]] for {{INRConvert|109.88|c}}, {{INRConvert|241.83|c}} and {{INRConvert|196.2|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Work on ‘double-decker’ structure at Arcot Road|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2448588.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 September 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref>
In January 2011, a {{INRconvert|449.22|c}} contract for design and construction of track works was awarded to a joint venture of L&T and Alstom and a {{INRconvert|198|c}} contract for supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts and SJEC Corporation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2011/01/22/stories/2011012251870200.htm|title=L&T, Alstom venture bags Chennai Metro project|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 January 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Metro Rail awards contract for lifts|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article1147579.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> In February 2011, contracts were awarded for the construction of underground sections of the first phase.<ref>{{cite news|title=Two firms bag 12 underground tunnels & stations work|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Two-firms-bag-12-underground-tunnels-stations-work/articleshow/7381968.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=1 February 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gammon India bags two Chennai Metro orders worth Rs 19.47&nbsp;billion|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/indl-goods-/-svs/construction/gammon-india-bags-two-chennai-metro-orders-worth-rs-1947-cr/articleshow/7555112.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2 February 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> The contract for power supply and overhead electrification was awarded to [[Siemens]] for {{INRconvert|305|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Siemens wins power supply contract for Chennai metro|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/siemens-wins-power-supply-contract-for-chennai-metro/426153/|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=12 February 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> Contracts for Automatic Fare Collection (AFC), tunnel ventilation and air conditioning were awarded to Nippon Signal, [[Emirates Trading Agency]] and [[Voltas]] for {{INRConvert|109.88|c}}, {{INRConvert|241.83|c}} and {{INRConvert|196.2|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Work on ‘double-decker’ structure at Arcot Road|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2448588.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 September 2011|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref>
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A total of 32 stations have been planned along the two lines of the first phase with 20 underground stations. In the underground sections, a walkway runs along the length with cross passages every {{convert|250|m}} for the maintenance and emergency evacuation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|title=First underground Metro network by December 2015|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 August 2014|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/first-underground-metro-network-by-dec-2015/article6299711.ece|access-date=4 October 2014}}</ref> The underground stations will have an average width of {{convert|220|m}} to {{convert|390|m}} and will go up to {{convert|50|ft}} deep from the ground level.<ref>{{cite news|title=மெட்ரோ ரெயில் சேவைக்காக 50 அடி ஆழத்தில் 1 6 ரெயில் நிலையங்கள் அமைக்கும் பணி தீவிரம்|newspaper=[[Dina Thanthi]]|language=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|date=28 February 2014|url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/2014-02-28-Metro-rail-service-at-a-depth-of-50-feet%252C-6-train-to-work-on-the-intensity-of-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302105939/http://www.dailythanthi.com/2014-02-28-Metro-rail-service-at-a-depth-of-50-feet%252C-6-train-to-work-on-the-intensity-of-1|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2 March 2014|access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref> The elevated stations will have three levels, namely, street, concourse and platform with the concourse level at an average height of {{convert|5.65|m}} and platforms for boarding at {{convert|12.6|m}} above the street level.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai Central to be biggest metro station|work=MagicBricks|date=30 August 2011|url=http://content.magicbricks.com/chennai-central-to-be-biggest-metro-station/|access-date=8 November 2012}}</ref> Underground stations will have two levels and will be air-conditioned. The metro stations are disabled and elderly friendly equipped with automatic fare collection system, announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts. The stations are equipped with non-slippery flooring with grip-rails, audio announcements and Braille facilities to help visually challenged passengers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|title=No clarity on access at Chennai Metro stations yet, say disabled|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 June 2016|date=20 January 2014|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/no-clarity-on-access-at-chennai-metro-stations-yet-say-disabled/article5594316.ece?ref=sliderNews}}</ref> Parking facilities will be available only in select stations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Metro rail seals fate of shops near Central|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 July 2012|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3666956.ece|access-date=5 August 2012}}</ref> None of the stations will be provided with toilets, with the idea of not having passengers inside the station for long hours.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Jackson|title=Posh Metro will come without toilet facility|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=15 December 2014|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141215/nation-current-affairs/article/posh-metro-will-come-without-toilet-facility|access-date=25 December 2014}}</ref>
A total of 32 stations have been planned along the two lines of the first phase with 20 underground stations. In the underground sections, a walkway runs along the length with cross passages every {{convert|250|m}} for the maintenance and emergency evacuation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|title=First underground Metro network by December 2015|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 August 2014|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/first-underground-metro-network-by-dec-2015/article6299711.ece|access-date=4 October 2014}}</ref> The underground stations will have an average width of {{convert|220|m}} to {{convert|390|m}} and will go up to {{convert|50|ft}} deep from the ground level.<ref>{{cite news|title=மெட்ரோ ரெயில் சேவைக்காக 50 அடி ஆழத்தில் 1 6 ரெயில் நிலையங்கள் அமைக்கும் பணி தீவிரம்|newspaper=[[Dina Thanthi]]|language=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|date=28 February 2014|url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/2014-02-28-Metro-rail-service-at-a-depth-of-50-feet%252C-6-train-to-work-on-the-intensity-of-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302105939/http://www.dailythanthi.com/2014-02-28-Metro-rail-service-at-a-depth-of-50-feet%2C-6-train-to-work-on-the-intensity-of-1|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2 March 2014|access-date=1 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The elevated stations will have three levels, namely, street, concourse and platform with the concourse level at an average height of {{convert|5.65|m}} and platforms for boarding at {{convert|12.6|m}} above the street level.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai Central to be biggest metro station|work=MagicBricks|date=30 August 2011|url=http://content.magicbricks.com/chennai-central-to-be-biggest-metro-station/|access-date=8 November 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101085704/http://content.magicbricks.com/chennai-central-to-be-biggest-metro-station|archivedate=1 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Underground stations will have two levels and will be air-conditioned. The metro stations are disabled and elderly friendly equipped with automatic fare collection system, announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts. The stations are equipped with non-slippery flooring with grip-rails, audio announcements and Braille facilities to help visually challenged passengers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|title=No clarity on access at Chennai Metro stations yet, say disabled|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 June 2016|date=20 January 2014|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/no-clarity-on-access-at-chennai-metro-stations-yet-say-disabled/article5594316.ece?ref=sliderNews}}</ref> Parking facilities will be available only in select stations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Metro rail seals fate of shops near Central|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 July 2012|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3666956.ece|access-date=5 August 2012}}</ref> None of the stations will be provided with toilets, with the idea of not having passengers inside the station for long hours.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Jackson|title=Posh Metro will come without toilet facility|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=15 December 2014|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141215/nation-current-affairs/article/posh-metro-will-come-without-toilet-facility|access-date=25 December 2014}}</ref>




Line 183: Line 183:
* In August 2012, a construction worker was killed and six others were seriously injured due to a crane boom failure near [[Pachaiyappa's College]].<ref name="Hindu_GirderCrashKillsWorker"/>
* In August 2012, a construction worker was killed and six others were seriously injured due to a crane boom failure near [[Pachaiyappa's College]].<ref name="Hindu_GirderCrashKillsWorker"/>
* On 10 January 2013, a 22-year-old construction worker was killed and three others were injured at a Metro Rail site on Railway Station Road between [[Alandur]] and [[St Thomas Mount]] at around 3:45 am.<ref name="Hindu_GirderCrashKillsWorker">{{cite news|first=K.|last=Manikandan|first2=Meera|last2=Srinivasan|title=Girder crash kills worker at Chennai Metro Rail site|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 January 2013|access-date=6 June 2016|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/girder-crash-kills-worker-at-chennai-metro-rail-site/article4293605.ece}}</ref>
* On 10 January 2013, a 22-year-old construction worker was killed and three others were injured at a Metro Rail site on Railway Station Road between [[Alandur]] and [[St Thomas Mount]] at around 3:45 am.<ref name="Hindu_GirderCrashKillsWorker">{{cite news|first=K.|last=Manikandan|first2=Meera|last2=Srinivasan|title=Girder crash kills worker at Chennai Metro Rail site|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 January 2013|access-date=6 June 2016|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/girder-crash-kills-worker-at-chennai-metro-rail-site/article4293605.ece}}</ref>
* On 11 January 2014, an accident involving a crane had occurred. The crane had toppled over, killing a 20-year-old construction worker and seriously injuring one other worker. The accident took place at 6:45 am at the construction site of the [[Saidapet]] station.<ref>{{cite news|first=Sunitha|last=Sekar|title=Metro Rail worker dies as crane topples|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 January 2014|access-date=6 June 2016|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/one-killed-as-crane-capsizes-at-chennai-metro-site/article5565679.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114024836/http://www.thehindu.com:80/news/cities/chennai/one-killed-as-crane-capsizes-at-chennai-metro-site/article5565679.ece?|dead-url=yes|archive-date=14 January 2014}}</ref>
* On 11 January 2014, an accident involving a crane had occurred. The crane had toppled over, killing a 20-year-old construction worker and seriously injuring one other worker. The accident took place at 6:45 am at the construction site of the [[Saidapet]] station.<ref>{{cite news|first=Sunitha|last=Sekar|title=Metro Rail worker dies as crane topples|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 January 2014|access-date=6 June 2016|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/one-killed-as-crane-capsizes-at-chennai-metro-site/article5565679.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114024836/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/one-killed-as-crane-capsizes-at-chennai-metro-site/article5565679.ece|dead-url=yes|archive-date=14 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*On 17 June 2015, a 30-year-old Software Engineer, L Giridharan was killed on the spot when an iron rod fell on him at an under construction Metro Rail station near Officers Training Academy at [[St Thomas Mount]] around 9 am. The iron rod also hit motorcyclist U Mansoor, who escaped with minor injuries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Software techie dies as iron rod falls on him|newspaper=[[New Indian Express]]|date=17 June 2015|access-date=6 June 2016|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Metro-Work-Safety-Reputation-Takes-a-Big-Hit-After-Railing-Kills-Biker/2015/06/18/article2872617.ece}}</ref>
*On 17 June 2015, a 30-year-old Software Engineer, L Giridharan was killed on the spot when an iron rod fell on him at an under construction Metro Rail station near Officers Training Academy at [[St Thomas Mount]] around 9 am. The iron rod also hit motorcyclist U Mansoor, who escaped with minor injuries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Software techie dies as iron rod falls on him|newspaper=[[New Indian Express]]|date=17 June 2015|access-date=6 June 2016|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Metro-Work-Safety-Reputation-Takes-a-Big-Hit-After-Railing-Kills-Biker/2015/06/18/article2872617.ece}}</ref>


Revision as of 05:19, 4 August 2017

Chennai Metro
File:Chennai Metro Logo.jpg
A train arriving at the Koyambedu metro station.
A train arriving at the Koyambedu metro station.
Overview
OwnerChennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)[1][2]
LocaleChennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Transit typeRapid Transit
Number of lines2
Number of stations20 operational (13 elevated, 7 underground)
42 Phase I
Websitechennaimetrorail.org
Operation
Began operation29 June 2015; 9 years ago (2015-06-29)
Operator(s)CMRL
Number of vehicles42 (Phase I)
Train length86.5 m (284 ft)
Technical
System length27.88 km (17.32 mi) (operational)[3]
54.1 km (33.6 mi) (Phase I and Extension)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification25 kV, 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)
System map

Schematic diagram of Chennai Metro

The Chennai Metro, officially Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), is a rapid transit system serving the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The system commenced revenue service in 2015 after partially opening the first phase of the project. The network consists of two colour-coded lines covering a length of 54.1 kilometres (33.6 mi).[4] Upon completion Chennai Metro will be one of the largest metro system in India along with Delhi Metro, Namma Metro and Kolkata Metro.

The Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), a joint venture between Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu builds and operates Chennai Metro. The system has a mix of underground and elevated stations and uses standard gauge. The services operate daily between 06:00 and 22:00 with a varying-frequency of 10-20 minutes.

The system has also planned to complete the takeover of the existing Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System by 2021[5], which would be upgraded to operate using the rolling stock of the Chennai Metro.[6] CMRL was recognised by the International Association of Public Transport in 2011.[7]

The construction began in June 2009 and the first stretch covering seven stations from Koyambedu to Alandur over a distance of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), began operation on 29 June 2015. And as of May 2017, Nehru Park to St. Thomas Mount on Green line and Little Mount to Chennai International Airport on Blue line are commercially operational which brings the total operational network to 28 km.

History

Background

Chennai had an established Chennai Suburban Railway network, which dates back to 1931 operating on a metre-gauge line from Beach to Tambaram. Two more suburban networks, Chennai Central–Arakkonam and Chennai Central–Gummidipoondi began operations in 1985. The first phase of Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System between Chennai Beach and Thirumyilai opened in 1997 with extension to Velachery in 2007.[8] Modeled after the Delhi Metro, a similar metro rail system was planned for Chennai by Delhi Metro chief E Sreedharan, at the request of Government of Tamil Nadu.

Planning

In 2007-08, ₹50 crore (US$6.0 million) was sanctioned for preliminary works which included a Detailed Project Report to be prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.[9] The project was approved by the state cabinet on 7 November 2007 and was to be executed by a Special Purpose Vehicle, the Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL). Seven lines were planned by the DMRC for the Chennai Metro network.[10] Planning commission gave in-principle approval for the project on 16 April 2008.[11] On 21 November 2009, a deal was signed with Japan Banking Corporation for loan.[12]

Construction

Fully enclosed platform screen doors installed in Chennai Metro's underground stations

In February 2009, Hyderabad-based Soma Enterprise was awarded a ₹199.2 crore (US$24 million) contract for the construction of a 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) long viaduct along the Inner Ring Road.[13] In March 2009, a five-member consortium led by Egis Rail SA, France was awarded US$ 30 million contract for general consultancy contract.[14] On May 20, CMRL started to evaluate the integration of Metro corridor with the planned grade separator at the junction of Arcot Road and Jawaharlal Nehru Road.[15] The construction started on 10 June 2009 with the piling work for the elevated viaduct between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stretch. In July 2009, tenders were invited for supplying rolling stock and construction of elevated viaducts for Phase I of the metro.[16][17]

In January 2011, Larsen and Toubro was awarded the contract for elevated viaducts for ₹314.43 crore (US$38 million).[18] In March 2011, Chennai Metro reached an agreement with Government of Japan for a loan of ₹2,932.6 crore (US$350 million) for the second phase.[19][20] In June, tenders for the elevated stations of the first phase was awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium Limited.[21][22] In August 2010, the contract for supplying rolling stock was awarded to Alstom at a cost of ₹1,471.3 crore (US$180 million).[23][24] It was announced that the first phase will be extended by 8.9 kilometres (5.5 mi) and Larsen and Toubro was awarded a contract to construct a depot at Koyambedu.[25][26] In December 2010, DMRC submitted a report for extending Corridor-I from Washemenpet to Wimco Nagar, a distance of 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) at an estimated cost of ₹2,240 crore (US$270 million).[27]

In January 2011, a ₹449.22 crore (US$54 million) contract for design and construction of track works was awarded to a joint venture of L&T and Alstom and a ₹198 crore (US$24 million) contract for supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts and SJEC Corporation.[28][29] In February 2011, contracts were awarded for the construction of underground sections of the first phase.[30][31] The contract for power supply and overhead electrification was awarded to Siemens for ₹305 crore (US$37 million).[32] Contracts for Automatic Fare Collection (AFC), tunnel ventilation and air conditioning were awarded to Nippon Signal, Emirates Trading Agency and Voltas for ₹109.88 crore (US$13 million), ₹241.83 crore (US$29 million) and ₹196.2 crore (US$24 million).[33]

On 7 April 2012, the Madras High Court dismissed a petition filed by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage challenging the demolition of a building on Anna Salai.[34] In July 2012, the first tunnel boring machine was launched and by October 2012, eleven machines were commissioned to bore tunnels along the underground stretch by three consortiums, namely Afcons-Transtonnelstroy, L&T and SUCG, Gammon India and Mosmetrostroy involved in the construction.[35] On 6 November 2013, the test run along a stretch of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) track was conducted.[36] On 14 February 2014, the maiden trial run for the metro was conducted between the Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stations.[37][38][39] In August 2014, the metro received the statutory speed certification clearance from the Research Design and Standards Organisation.[40][41] In January 2015, a report was submitted to the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety for approval.[42] In April 2015, the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety inspected the rolling stock and submitted a report to the Railway Board.[43][44][45][46] On 29 June 2015, commercial operations started between Alandur and Koyambedu stations.[47] Almost a year later, on 21 September 2016, commercial operations commenced between Chennai International Airport metro station and Little Mount.

Network

Routes

See also: List of Chennai metro stations
Line Terminal First operational Last extension Length
(km) 		Underground
(km) 		Underground
stations 		Elevated
stations 		Interchange
  Blue Line Washermanpet Chennai International Airport 21 September 2016 21 September 2016 23.1 14.3 11 6 Suburban, MRTS
  Blue Line Extension Washermanpet Wimco Nagar 2019 — 9 2.3 2 6 Suburban
  Green Line Chennai Central St Thomas Mount 29 June 2015 14 May 2017 22 9.7 9 8 Suburban, MRTS


The Blue Line intends to cover the Anna Salai stretch and Green Line covers the Poonamallee High Road and Inner Ring Road with the Blue Line being extended from Washermanpet to Tiruvottiyur.[48][49]

Future expansion

Rail network in Chennai

Three lines covering a distance of 63 kilometres (39 mi) were proposed for the second phase of the network.[50][51] In 2012, the prior plans were scrapped and a fresh study was commissioned.[52][53] The State government set aside ₹36,000 crore (US$4.3 billion) for the second phase which is estimated to be completed by 2024.[54][55] Surveys are set to begin, by September-2015, for a Detailed Project Report (DPR) on, the proposed, three new lines - and they are expected to complete in six to eight months.[56] The initial plan was later modified to cover 88 kilometres (55 mi).[57] In November-2015, the CMRL was looking into possibility of extending the 3 lines by additional 35 kilometres (22 mi).[58] By December-2016, it was announced that Chennai Metro Phase 2 would be for 104 km spreading across 104 stations.[59]

Line Terminal Length
(km)
Line 3 Madhavaram Siruseri 44.3 kilometres (27.5 mi)
Line 4 Koyambedu Lighthouse 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi)
Line 5 Madhavaram Sholinganallur 44.6 kilometres (27.7 mi)

The lines 3,4 and 5 are proposed to have 45, 17 and 42 stations respectively. More than 80% of the phase 2 is expected to be underground. A depot is also proposed at Madhavaram similar to the existing depot at Koyambedu. And the present estimate for the phase 2 is at Rs.44,000 crore. Construction for the phase is expected to begin in 2017 after approval from the state and central governments.[60] [61]

Financials

When the project was initiated in 2007, the estimated cost of the first phase was ₹14,600 crore (US$1.7 billion) with a forecasted 5% increase.[62] As of 2014, the cost for the first phase escalated to ₹20,000 crore (US$2.4 billion).[63] The cost for the second phase was estimated at ₹44,000 crore (US$5.3 billion) with the project funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA has sanctioned concessional loan amounts of ₹8,877 crore (US$1.1 billion) for the project.[64]

Operations

Chennai Metro runs in standard gauge measuring 1,435 millimetres (56.5 in) and the lines are double-tracked.[65] The rail tracks were manufactured in Brazil and the raw material was supplied by Tata Steel. The average speed of operation is 35 kilometres per hour (22 mph) and maximum speed is 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph).[66] Chennai Metro operates trains from 6:00 am to 22:00 hours [67] with a frequency of one train every 4.5 minutes in peak hours and every 15 minutes in lean hours.[68] CMRL plans to increase the frequency to one train every 2.5 minutes once footfalls reach 600,000 passengers a day.[69]

Ticketing

The minimum fare is ₹ 10 and the maximum fare is ₹ 60.[70] The first car in each train will be first class with tickets costing twice as much as the second class tickets.[71][72]

Administration and maintenance

The Chennai metro has a depot at Koyambedu with ballast-less tracks of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi). The depot houses maintenance workshops, stabling lines, a test track and a washing plant for the trains.[73] It also houses the Operational Control Centre (OCC) where the movement of trains and real-time CCTV footages obtained from the stations and on-board cameras is monitored.[74] The company plans to build a headquarters building near the facility.[75]

Infrastructure

Rolling Stock

Alstom was awarded the contract to supply 168 coaches to Chennai Metro at a cost of ₹1,470 crore (US$180 million).[76] Alstom will supply 42 train-sets composed of four coaches each with each car measuring 22.5 metres (74 ft) in length and can accommodate 319 passengers.[77] The trains will have a first-class compartment and a women's section with 14 seats in the first-class car and 44 seats in the normal car. The first nine trains will be imported from Brazil and the remaining will be manufactured at a new facility set up Tada about 75 kilometres (47 mi) from Chennai.[78][79] The trains are air-conditioned with electrically operated automatic sliding doors and a regenerative braking system. The cars will operate on 25 KV AC through an overhead catenary system with a maximum speed of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph).[80]

Power

The trains are connected to the grid via overhead electric cables and are equipped with regenerative braking with a capacity to recover 30–35% of the energy during braking.[81] The metro will require an average of 70 MW of power daily and the electricity will be supplied by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.[82] Chennai Metro is also planning to use solar power for five of its stations on the elevated corridor, with a production capacity of 200 KW.[83]

Stations

See also: List of Chennai metro stations


A total of 32 stations have been planned along the two lines of the first phase with 20 underground stations. In the underground sections, a walkway runs along the length with cross passages every 250 metres (820 ft) for the maintenance and emergency evacuation.[84] The underground stations will have an average width of 220 metres (720 ft) to 390 metres (1,280 ft) and will go up to 50 feet (15 m) deep from the ground level.[85] The elevated stations will have three levels, namely, street, concourse and platform with the concourse level at an average height of 5.65 metres (18.5 ft) and platforms for boarding at 12.6 metres (41 ft) above the street level.[86] Underground stations will have two levels and will be air-conditioned. The metro stations are disabled and elderly friendly equipped with automatic fare collection system, announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts. The stations are equipped with non-slippery flooring with grip-rails, audio announcements and Braille facilities to help visually challenged passengers.[87] Parking facilities will be available only in select stations.[88] None of the stations will be provided with toilets, with the idea of not having passengers inside the station for long hours.[89]


Connections

The metro system will provide connections with various other transportation modes in the city.[90][91][92]

Accidents and incidents

  • In August 2012, a construction worker was killed and six others were seriously injured due to a crane boom failure near Pachaiyappa's College.[93]
  • On 10 January 2013, a 22-year-old construction worker was killed and three others were injured at a Metro Rail site on Railway Station Road between Alandur and St Thomas Mount at around 3:45 am.[93]
  • On 11 January 2014, an accident involving a crane had occurred. The crane had toppled over, killing a 20-year-old construction worker and seriously injuring one other worker. The accident took place at 6:45 am at the construction site of the Saidapet station.[94]
  • On 17 June 2015, a 30-year-old Software Engineer, L Giridharan was killed on the spot when an iron rod fell on him at an under construction Metro Rail station near Officers Training Academy at St Thomas Mount around 9 am. The iron rod also hit motorcyclist U Mansoor, who escaped with minor injuries.[95]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Home Page of Chennai Metro Rail Limited". Chennaimetrorail.gov.in. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  2. ^ "Apurva Varma, new Home Secretary; Pankaj Kumar Bansal, New MD, Chennai Metro Rail". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 24 December 2013. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Shivakumar, C (29 June 2015). "It's Your Time to Check Out Chennai Metro Rail". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Chennai's Koyambedu-Alandur metro closer to opening". The Economic Times.
  5. ^ Reporter,, Staff. "Chennai Metro-MRTS merger report in six months". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 June 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  6. ^ Janardhanan, Arun (2 August 2014). "Chennai Metro rail likely to take over MRTS". The Times of India. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Chennai Metro Rail Newsletter (August 2015)" (PDF). Chennai Metro Rail Limited. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "MRTS services extended". The Hindu. 27 January 2004. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  9. ^ "TN budget: Metro Rail Project" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  10. ^ "3 Corridors in Chennai Metro Rail May be Extended by 35 Km". The New Indian Express. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  11. ^ "Center nod for Metro Rail in Chennai". Times of India. 16 April 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  12. ^ "Home Page of Chennai Metro Rail Limited". Chennai Metro. Archived from the original on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Soma Enterprise bags Chennai Metro Rail order". The Hindu Business Line. 19 February 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  14. ^ Ramesh, Niranjana (10 March 2009). "USD 30 million contract by CMRL". Times of India. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  15. ^ "Ball set rolling on Vadapalani flyover". The Hindu. 20 May 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  16. ^ "Chennai Metro to invite bids for passenger EMUs". Projects Today. 25 July 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  17. ^ "CMRL invites bids for construction of elevated viaducts". Projects Today. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  18. ^ "L&T bags metro contract". Times Chennai. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2016.[dead link]
  19. ^ "Japan commits Rs 10535cr towards six infra projects in India". Times of India. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  20. ^ "Japan credit for six infrastructure projects". The Hindu Business Line. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  21. ^ "Elevated metro stations to come up at 10 places". Times of India. 29 June 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  22. ^ "Tenders awarded for 10 Metro Rail stations". The Hindu. 29 June 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  23. ^ "Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro". Financial Express. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  24. ^ "First Metro Rolling Stock contract in India". Alstom Transport (Press release). 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 13 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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