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"Delta Air" redirects here. For the defunct German airline, see DBA (airline).

Delta Air Lines
IATA ICAO Call sign
DL DAL DELTA
FoundedMay 30, 1924; 100 years ago (1924-05-30)
(as Huff Daland Dusters)
Macon, Georgia, US[1]
Commenced operationsJune 17, 1929; 95 years ago (1929-06-17)[2]
AOC #DALA026A[3]
Hubs
Frequent-flyer programSkyMiles[4]
AllianceSkyTeam[4]
Subsidiaries
Subsidiary List[5][6]
  • Aero Assurance Ltd.
  • Cardinal Insurance Company (Cayman) Ltd.
  • Crown Rooms, Inc.
  • DAL Global Services, LLC
  • DAL Moscow, Inc.
  • Delta Air Lines, Inc. and Pan American World Airways,Inc.—Unterstutzungskasse GMBH
  • =Delta Air Lines Dublin Limited
  • Delta Air Lines Private Limited
  • Delta Benefits Management, Inc.
  • Delta Loyalty Management Services, LLC
  • Delta Private Jets, Inc.
  • Epsilon Trading, LLC
  • Kappa Capital Management, LLC
  • MLT Inc.
  • Montana Enterprises, Inc.
  • New Sky, Ltd.
  • Northwest Aerospace Training Corporation
  • Regional Elite Airline Services, LLC
  • Segrave Aviation, Inc.
  • Tomisato Shoji Kabushiki Kaisha
Fleet size722[7](mainline only)
Destinations247[8] (mainline only)
HeadquartersAtlanta, Georgia, USA
Key peopleRichard H. Anderson (CEO)
Edward Bastian (President)
RevenueIncrease US$ 35.11 billion (2011)[9]
Operating incomeDecrease US$ 1.90 billion (2011)[9]
Net incomeIncrease US$ 854 million (2011)[9]
Total assetsIncrease US$ 43.49 billion (2011)[9]
Total equityDecrease US$ -1.39 billion (2011)[9]
Employees80,646 (2011)[9]
Websitewww.delta.com

Delta Air Lines, Inc. (NYSE: DAL), operating as Delta Air Lines, is a major United States airline headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States.[10] The airline operates an extensive domestic and international network serving all continents except Antarctica. Delta Air Lines and its subsidiaries operate over 5,000 flights every day and have approximately 80,000 employees.[11] The airline's hub at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic (over 91 million passengers per year) and number of landings and takeoffs. Delta is the sixth-oldest operating airline by foundation date, and the oldest airline still operating in the United States. Delta Air Lines is one of the four founding members of the SkyTeam airline alliance,[11] the other three being Korean Air, Air France, and Aeroméxico. The loyalty program for Delta Air Lines is SkyMiles. Delta Air Lines is, as of 2012, the world's largest airline in terms of fleet size, revenue passenger-kilometers flown, and scheduled passenger traffic.

History

Main article: History of Delta Air Lines
Restored Huff-Daland Duster
Delta Douglas DC-7 circa 1955
Delta Boeing 747-100 at Heathrow Airport in 1973.

Delta Airlines was created as Huff Daland Dusters, Incorporated, an aerial crop dusting operation, on May 30, 1924 in Macon, Georgia. Formed with a Huff-Daland Duster, the first true crop duster, the plane was deployed to combat the boll weevil in 1925. Delta Air Corporation owned the plane (now in the Southern Museum of Flight). The company moved to Monroe in Ouachita Parish in northeastern Louisiana in 1925, and began carrying passengers in late 1929. The single passenger sat in a chair placed in the bin where the pesticide was usually kept. The first routes were between Southeastern states. Collett E. Woolman purchased the company on September 13, 1928, and renamed it Delta Air Service.[12]

Delta grew through the addition of routes and the acquisition of other airlines. They replaced propeller planes with jets in the 1960s and entered international competition to Europe in the 1970s and across the Pacific in the 1980s. The company logo of Delta Air Lines, originally unveiled in 1959, is reminiscent of the swept-wing design of the DC-8 airplanes. The current version consists of two 3D triangles.[13]

Predecessors

A Northwest Airlines Airbus A330-300, shortly before the merger with Delta in 2008

The current Delta Air Lines is the result of many airline mergers over a period of more than 80 years. The most recent merger was with Northwest Airlines on October 29, 2008 and at the time formed the world's largest airline. After approval of the merger, Northwest continued to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta until December 31, 2009 when both carriers' operating certificates were merged (the Delta certificate was kept).[14] Delta completed the integration with Northwest on January 31, 2010 when their reservation systems and websites were combined, and the Northwest Airlines name and brand were officially retired.[15]

Predecessor carriers forming the current Delta Air Lines include:

  • Chicago and Southern Air Lines (formed in 1933, merged into Delta in 1953).[12] Delta flew under the carrier name of Delta-C&S for the following two years.[16]
  • Northeast Airlines (formed in 1931, merged into Delta in August 1972)[12][17]
  • Northwest Airlines (formed in 1926, merged into Delta in 2010. Also known as Northwest Orient Airlines from 1950-1989)
  • Pan American World Airways (formed in 1927, portions of which were merged into Delta in 1991)
    • Atlantic, Gulf, and Caribbean Airways (formed in 1927, merged into Pan American World Airways in 1928)
    • American Overseas Airlines (formed in 1937, merged into Pan American World Airways in 1950)
    • Aviation Corporation of the Americas/American International Airways (formed in 1926, merged into Pan American World Airways in 1928)
    • National Airlines (formed in 1934, merged into Pan American World Airways in 1980)
  • Western Airlines (formed in 1925, merged into Delta in 1987)

Notes:

In the case of Pan American World Airways, Delta bought a selection of Pan Am's assets and routes during the latter carrier's bankruptcy.

Defunct Delta subsidiaries

Delta Express Boeing 737 in 2001
  • Delta Express began service in October 1996 in an attempt by Delta to compete with low cost airlines on leisure-oriented routes. Its main base of operations was Orlando International Airport and it used Boeing 737–200 aircraft. It ceased operations in November 2003 after Song was established.[18]
  • Song began service on April 15, 2003 as a single-class airline operated by Delta to compete directly with JetBlue Airways from both airlines' hub at New York-JFK. While the brand was considered a successful addition to the Northeast-to-Florida market, financially the airline suffered.[19] On May 1, 2006, Song was folded into the Delta mainline brand. Song used Boeing 757 aircraft.

Operations

Headquarters and offices

Delta Air Lines headquarters in Atlanta

Delta's corporate headquarters is housed in a corporate campus on the northern boundary of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, within the city limits of Atlanta.[20][21][22] This location has served as Delta's headquarters since 1941, when the company relocated its corporate offices from Monroe, Louisiana to Atlanta.[23][24] In addition to hosting Delta's corporate headquarters, Hartsfield-Jackson is also the site of Delta's Technical Operations Center, which is the airline's primary fleet maintenance, repair, and overhaul facility.

Delta maintains a large presence in the Twin Cities, with over 12,000 employees[25] in the region as well as significant corporate support functions housed in the Minneapolis area, including the company's information technology divisional offices.[26]

Branding

An Airbus A330-300 painted in Delta's current livery, "Upward & Onward"

Delta's current livery, "Upward & Onward", uses four colors. It features a "widget" (triangle) on each aircraft's vertical stabilizer to refer to Delta's origins as a carrier in the Mississippi Delta.[27]

The previous livery, "Colors in Motion", used eight colors. Delta introduced its current branding in 2007 after it emerged from bankruptcy. The switch from the previous livery to the current livery removed one day from each aircraft's painting cycle, allowing the airline to save money. The airline took four years to repaint all of its aircraft into the current scheme, including aircraft inherited from Northwest Airlines.[27] The triangle logo, known internally as "the Widget", was introduced in 1959. It was not part of the "Colors in Motion" livery, but returned with the current livery. [citation needed]

Hub information

Current hubs

The "Fly Delta Air Lines" marker at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport emphasizes the presence of the airline

Delta has eight domestic hubs and three international hubs.[4]

Delta Air Lines 747-400 at Tokyo Narita International Airport

Former hubs

  • Boston Logan International Airport - A smaller hub for Delta in the second half of the 20th century and remained one until the early 2000s. Today, Delta still has a large share in the Boston market, with daily international flights to various cities in Central America, Canada, and major European cities, including Amsterdam, London, and Paris.
  • Chicago O'Hare International Airport – Delta operated a small hub at Chicago until the early 1990s.
  • Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport – Delta, at one time, operated over 200 flights per day from DFW. At times, it was Delta's third-largest hub behind Atlanta and Cincinnati, respectively. Delta closed the hub in February 2005.
  • Frankfurt Airport – Delta acquired its Frankfurt hub from Pan American World Airways, which sold the remainder of its Atlantic Division to Delta upon bankruptcy, including the JFK Worldport.
  • Los Angeles International Airport – Delta dismantled its Western Airlines inherited LAX hub in the mid-1990s when it decided to relocate most of those aircraft to the US East Coast. Since that point, it has operated a focus city, mostly flying to Mexico, Florida, and Hawaii. Today [when?], Delta maintains a combined 11% passenger market share with flights to Hawaii, Mexico, Japan, Brazil, Guatemala, and some of Delta's large domestic bases throughout the United States. LAX also remains Delta's sole gateway to Australia.
  • Orlando International Airport – Delta built up an Orlando hub shortly after the demise of Eastern Air Lines in the early 1990s, and subsequently became the "Official Airline of Walt Disney World". The airport then became the hub for Delta Express and Song, before Delta pulled back mainline presence in the mid-2000s (decade).

Former secondary hubs

Delta has closed two secondary hubs due to changing business needs.

  • Memphis International Airport – Memphis was a mini-hub in conjunction with regional carrier ASA. This operation ended in the mid-1980s when competition became too stiff with Republic Airlines and ASA shifted its aircraft to Delta's Dallas hub. Delta once again regained its hub status here after its merger with Northwest.
  • Portland International Airport – Portland, Oregon was at one time Delta's main Asian gateway. Delta currently uses Detroit, Michigan and Seattle, Washington as its main Asian gateways as a result of its merger with Northwest.

Personnel

Between its mainline operation and subsidiaries, Delta employs approximately 80,000 people.[when?] [11]

Employee relations

Of the five largest airlines in the United States, Delta is the only one whose staff are largely non-unionized.[32] This caused issues during and after the merger with Northwest, whose employees had a much higher rate of unionization.[32] Pilots at both airlines were unionized. Northwest Airlines flight attendants were formerly represented by the Association of Flight Attendants (AFA).[33] A vote on unionization with the AFA at the post-merger Delta was held on 3 November 2010, unionization was narrowly rejected by flight attendants, with 9,544 votes against unionization and 9,216 in favor.[33][34] The AFA accused Delta of interference in the vote and requested the National Mediation Board (NMB) investigate and order a second vote.[32] The NMB investigation found that the election was not compromised and dismissed the claim.[35] Currently both the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers and a coalition of the AFA and the Transport Workers Union of America are seeking to hold unionization votes for Delta flight attendants.[36][37][38] The only other American mainline air carrier with a large percentage of its employees being nonunion is JetBlue Airways, which is entirely nonunion.

Delta's 12,000 [when?] mainline pilots are represented by the Air Line Pilots Association, International and are the union's largest pilot group.[32][39] The company's approximately 180 [when?] flight dispatchers are represented by the Professional Airline Flight Control Association (PAFCA). [citation needed]

Destinations

Further information: Delta Air Lines destinations and Delta Connection destinations
Delta Air Lines destinations

Delta operates 4,932 flights per day. Delta Connection operates 2,533 daily flights.[11]

Delta Air Lines is one of the few airlines that flies to all six inhabited continents. Others are British Airways, Emirates, Korean Air, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, South African Airways, and United Airlines. [citation needed]

Hub cities by number of flights

A Boeing 767-300ER at Beijing Capital Airport. (2011)
Airport Number of daily departures (as of April 4th 2013[40] )[11]
Atlanta (ATL) 940
Detroit (DTW) 502
Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) 434
New York City (LGA) 271
Salt Lake City (SLC) 260
New York City (JFK) 146
Cincinnati/N. Kentucky (CVG) 118
Memphis (MEM) 94
Paris (CDG) 25
Tokyo (NRT) 24
Amsterdam (AMS) 23

Codeshare agreements

In addition to SkyTeam partners, Delta Air Lines also has codeshare agreements with the following airlines as of September 2011:[41][citation needed]

Air France-KLM and Alitalia joint venture

Inherited from the Northwest-KLM relationship (which is older than any of the three major airline alliances including SkyTeam itself), Delta has a transatlantic joint venture with Air France-KLM and Alitalia. The program coordinates transatlantic operations, including ticket pricing, schedules, capacity, and revenue.[43] On January 27, 2012, the European Commission launched an investigation into the impact of the joint venture on competition on the routes that it covers.[43]

Fleet

Delta Air Lines has the largest Boeing 757 fleet of any airline
Main article: Delta Air Lines fleet

As of January 2013, Delta operates a fleet of more than 700 aircraft manufactured by Airbus, Boeing, and McDonnell Douglas.[44] The carrier operates the largest fleets of Boeing 757, Boeing 767 and Airbus A330 aircraft of any US airline. Delta operates the largest fleet of McDonnell Douglas MD-88 and McDonnell Douglas MD-90 aircraft in the world. Prior to its 2008 merger with Northwest Airlines, Delta's fleet was made up of solely Boeing and McDonnell Douglas aircraft; Airbus aircraft from Northwest joined the fleet after the merger.

As of March 31, 2012, the average age of the Delta fleet is 15.8 years, excluding grounded aircraft and those operated by contract carriers. The oldest aircraft in the fleet are the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-50s with an average age of 34 years and the McDonnell Douglas MD-88s with an average age of 21.7 years.[45] To replace the DC-9s, MD-88s, and older A320 and 757-200 aircraft in their fleet, Delta began discussing narrowbody replacement plans with manufacturers such as Airbus, Boeing and Bombardier in early 2011.[46] On August 22, 2011, it was announced that Delta placed an order for 100 Boeing 737-900ER aircraft[47] and deferred an order of 100 small narrow-body jets until 2012.[48]

On May 22, 2012, Delta announced an agreement to lease 88 Boeing 717s from Southwest Airlines that Southwest inherited from its acquisition of AirTran Airways[49] as a replacement for the remaining DC-9s and replacement for some 50 seat regional aircraft. Deliveries should begin in mid-2013 replacing some of Delta's over 250 CRJ-100 and -200 aircraft.


Cabin

BusinessElite

BusinessElite cabin on a Boeing 777-200LR
The entertainment system and aisle view aboard a Boeing 777-200ER
Economy class on a Boeing 767-400ER
Economy class on a Boeing 737–800

BusinessElite is Delta's international business class. Passengers in the BusinessElite cabin receive complimentary meals, refreshments, alcoholic beverages and an amenity kit. BusinessElite is also available on domestic transcontinental service between New York and Los Angeles or San Francisco.

Boeing 757-200 and certain Boeing 767-300ER aircraft configured with the BusinessElite cabin feature older recliner-style seating made by Recaro and BE Aerospace, respectively. BusinessElite seats on 767-300ERs have 60 inches (1,500 mm) of pitch and 18.5 inches (470 mm) of width, while seats on Boeing 757-200s have 55 inches (1,400 mm) of pitch and 20 inches (510 mm) of width. All seats are equipped with a personal, on demand In-Flight-Entertainment (IFE) system, universal power-ports, a movable reading light, and a folding work table. The BusinessElite seats ex-American Airlines/TWA 757-200s have electric recline, while those on ex-Northwest Airlines aircraft have mechanical recline. The ex-Northwest aircraft are planned to be converted back to a domestic configuration.

The flat-bed BusinessElite seats on 767-400ER aircraft (made by Contour Aerospace and designed by James Thompson) feature a space-saving design, with the bottom ends of the seats extending under the armrests of the suites in front when in the horizontal position. These seats are also currently being added to the 767-300ER fleet, which will be completed by 2013.

Boeing 777 aircraft feature sleeper suites made by Contour Aerospace in BusinessElite configured in a herringbone pattern with seats angled towards the aisle. Airbus A330 aircraft feature angled-flat BusinessElite seats made by BE Aerospace providing 60 to 61 inches (150 to 150 cm) pitch, and 20.5 inches (52 cm) of width. These seats are also being phased out in favor of a completely new model of flat-bed sleeper suite made by Weber Aircraft LLC and designed by JPA Design Consultants.[50][51] As of October 2012, all 747-400 aircraft have been upgraded with the new Weber flat-bed sleeper suites.

On November 5, 2012, Delta announced it will be introducing a flat-bed BusinessElite product on its ex-American Airlines/TWA 757-200s.[52] The seats will be a modified version of the Diamond flat-bed seat by BE Aerospace designed exclusively for Delta.[53]

First and Business Class (short and medium haul)

First Class is offered on all domestic aircraft, as well as Delta Connection aircraft with more than 50 seats. Seats range from 18.5 to 20.75 inches (47.0 to 52.7 cm) wide and have between 37 and 40 inches (94 and 102 cm) of pitch. Passengers aboard this class receive free snacks, drinks, and alcohol, with full meal service on flights 900 miles and longer. Certain aircraft also feature power-ports at each seat. When a domestically configured aircraft operates on an international route, such as those to the Caribbean, the first class cabin is branded as Business Class.

Economy Comfort Class

Economy Comfort seats are installed on all Delta aircraft, as well as all two-cabin Delta Connection aircraft,[54] and feature 38 inches (970 mm) of pitch; and on BusinessElite configured aircraft, 50 percent more recline over standard economy seats. Additional amenities include priority boarding, complimentary spirits on international flights, and HBO programming. Customers can upgrade from standard economy class seats to Economy Comfort seats. Economy Comfort more closely aligns Delta's offerings with its Transatlantic joint venture partners as KLM also offers an Economy Comfort section of its Economy cabin. Air France offers Premium Economy which is not the same as Economy Comfort.

Economy Class

Economy Class is available on all aircraft with seats ranging from 17 to 18 inches (43 to 46 cm) wide and 30 to 33 inches (76 to 84 cm) of pitch. The economy seats on Boeing 737, 747-400, 777, and selected Boeing 757-200, 767-300, and McDonnell Douglas MD-90 aircraft have an articulating seat bottom where the seat bottom moves forward in addition to the seat back tilting backwards when reclining.[citation needed][55]

Economy class passengers receive complimentary snacks and non-alcoholic drinks domestically. Alcoholic beverages are also available for purchase. Complimentary meals and alcoholic drinks are provided on long-haul international flights. As part of Delta's EATS buy on board program, food is available for purchase on all domestic flights 1,500 miles (2,400 km) or more (some flights to Hawaii and Alaska continue to receive complimentary meal service).[56]

Delta operated a different buy on board program between 2003 and 2005.[57][58] The previous program had items from differing providers, depending on the origin and destination of the flight.[59][60] Prices ranged up to $10 ($16.13 when adjusted for inflation). The airline started the service on a few selected flights in July 2003, and the meal service was initially offered on 400 flights.[61] Delta ended this buy on board program in 2005; instead, Delta began offering snacks at no extra charge on flights over 90 minutes to most U.S. domestic flights and some flights to the Caribbean and Latin America. Beginning in mid-March 2005 the airline planned to stop providing pillows on flights within the 49 contiguous U.S. states, Bermuda, Canada, the Caribbean, and Central America. In addition the airline announced that on Delta mainline flights the price of alcoholic beverages would increase from $4 ($6.24 when adjusted for inflation) to $5 ($7.8 when adjusted for inflation); the increase in alcohol prices did not occur on Song flights.[61]

On-board amenities

Wi-Fi

On August 5, 2008, Delta announced it would be installing the Aircell mobile broadband network, Gogo, which enables customers traveling with Wi-Fi enabled devices, such as laptops, smartphones and PDAs, to access the Internet for a fee. Gogo was initially offered on Delta's fleet of McDonnell Douglas MD-88 and MD-90 aircraft but has expanded to the remaining domestic fleet, as well as Delta Connection aircraft with a first class cabin.[62][63] Delta has the largest fleet of Wi-Fi-equipped aircraft in the world.[64] The airline announced that it will offer Wi-Fi on international flights beginning early 2013.[65]

In-Flight Entertainment

File:Deltaavod.jpeg
Audio Video on Demand offered domestically on select Delta aircraft

In the 1960s audio programming was introduced where passengers wore headphones consisting of hollow tubes piping in music. These were installed in some Delta aircraft. Some early wide-bodied aircraft, including the Lockheed L-1011, Boeing 767-200, and 767-300 fleet, had movies projected on to the cabin bulkhead. Also during the same time period, CRT monitors over the aisles were added to the 757 fleet, making them the first narrowbody aircraft to feature video entertainment. The MD-90 introduced Delta's first IFE system with LCD monitors in 1995, and the 777 introduced Delta's first in-seat video system in 1999, initially using the Rockwell Collins Total Entertainment System. Delta's first all-digital IFE system with AVOD (Panasonic eFX) was first introduced in 2003 on Delta's former low-cost subsidiary, Song. The Rockwell Collins IFE system on the 777s was replaced by the Panasonic eFX system in 2007, followed by the Panasonic eX2 in 2011. The Panasonic eFX and eX2 systems are trademarked by Delta as Delta on Demand.[66]

Audio and video are available on all aircraft except for the Airbus A320, McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90, selected Boeing 757, and Delta Connection aircraft. BusinessElite cabins on Boeing 767-300ER and Boeing 767-400ER aircraft use the all-digital Panasonic eFX AVOD system. Domestic Boeing 767–300s, Boeing 737–700s, as well as selected transcontinental Boeing 757–200s and selected Boeing 737–800s using the Panasonic eFX system, also feature live television via Dish Network in both first class and economy. Boeing 777-200ER and 777-200LR aircraft feature the Panasonic eX2 system (which has a greater storage capacity over the eFX), as well as larger personal video screens.[67] The Airbus A330 aircraft feature the Panasonic 3000i AVOD system in BusinessElite.[68]

In economy class, Panasonic eFX system (without the satellite TV product) is also found on the 767-400ER and selected 757-200 and 767-300ER aircraft. Airbus A330 aircraft feature the Panasonic 3000i AVOD system, with supplemental LCD monitors over the aisles for displaying the safety video and moving map. The 767-400ER fleet initially featured LCDs over the aisles, but were replaced in 2009 by the Panasonic eFX AVOD system when the last of the 767-400ERs were converted from domestic to international use. CRT projectors were originally featured in economy class on Boeing 767–300s, with the international 767-300ERs also featuring ceiling-mounted CRT displays over the aisles, which have since replaced by LCD monitors. Some Boeing 737-800s, as well as all Boeing 757–300s feature systems with drop-down LCD displays below the overhead bins.[69]

All aircraft with AVOD feature Panasonic's iXplor moving map program. 737-800s with overhead video and the coach sections of 767-300ER aircraft with overhead video feature the Rockwell Collins Airshow moving map, which is often shown during takeoff and landing. Other aircraft formerly equipped with the Rockwell Collins Airshow moving map included the Lockheed L-1011-250 and -500, McDonnell Douglas MD-11, and Boeing 767-400ER and 777-200ER. The L-1011 and MD-11 fleet have since been retired, while the 767-400ER and 777-200ER have since had their Airshow systems replaced by the Panasonic iXplor system built into the eFX and eX2 AVOD systems.

File:757-200 Pantallas Tactiles Delta.jpg
Delta Air Lines 757-200 economy cabin with AVOD

When Delta's ex-TWA ETOPS 757s were first delivered, they featured a system made by Sony Transcom (a former subsidiary of Sony now sold to Rockwell Collins) system that was factory installed for TWA. The system featured overhead drop-down LCD monitors similar to Delta's non-Transcon 737-800s and 757-300s. Delta replaced the Sony Transcom system with the Panasonic eFX system featuring in-seat video and AVOD at the same time as the new BusinessElite seats and slimline economy class seats were installed.[70]

In the spring of 2010, Delta installed the Panasonic eFX AVOD system in Economy on six 767-300ERs that are used on routes that are 12 hours or longer.[71] Delta also announced it will be installing AVOD in Economy class on all Boeing 767-300ER and 747 aircraft over the next 3 years.[72]

On July 27, 2010, Delta announced that it would be the launch customer of the new eX2 AVOD system with the Eco 9i Integrated Smart Monitor, a new ultra-lightweight IFE system by Panasonic Avionics Corporation and Weber Aircraft LLC.[73] The systems have been installed on the entire 747-400 fleet as of October 2012, and are currently being installed on the 767-300ER fleet (except for the six aircraft previously retrofitted with the eFX system in 2010).[74] A different version of the Integrated Smart Monitor developed by Panasonic Avionics Corporation and BE Aerospace will be installed on the Airbus A330, Boeing 757-300, and new Boeing 737-900ER fleet, and will also be replacing the existing seats and monitors on the international Boeing 757-200 fleet.

In 2012, Delta began replacing the overhead CRT monitors on the pre-merger Delta 757-200 fleet with new LCD monitors.[75]

Delta Sky Magazine

Delta Sky Magazine, and its online edition at www.deltaskymag.com, are published by MSP Communications in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

SkyMiles

Main article: SkyMiles

SkyMiles is the frequent flyer program of Delta Air Lines.

Sky Clubs

Delta Air Lines' airport lounges are called Sky Clubs. Membership options include one-day, 30-day, annual, and three-year memberships and can be purchased with either money or miles. International business class passengers get free access.

Features vary by location, but generally include free drinks (including alcoholic beverages), snacks and reading material. Wi-Fi is free for members and guests and is mostly provided by T-Mobile. Other benefits for Sky Club members include reciprocal lounge access with other SkyTeam members and Delta's other partners. Delta Air Lines has installed putting greens at select Sky Clubs. [when?]

Originally, Delta's membership-based airport clubs were called Crown Room lounges, with Northwest's called WorldClubs.

SkyBonus

On November 27, 2001, Delta Air Lines launched SkyBonus, [76] [failed verification], a program aimed toward small-to-medium businesses spending between $5,000 and $500,000 annually on air travel.[77] Businesses can earn points toward free travel and upgrades, as well as Sky Club memberships and SkyMiles Silver Medallion status. Points are earned on paid travel based on a variety of fare amount paid, booking code, and place origin or destination.[78] While enrolled businesses are able to earn points toward free travel, the travelling passenger is still eligible to earn SkyMiles during his or her travel.[78]

In early 2010, Delta Air Lines merged its SkyBonus program with Northwest's similar Biz Perks program. [citation needed]

Advertising slogans

Delta has had many slogans throughout its history:

  • 1929: Speed, Comfort and Safety
  • 1940: Airline of the South
  • 1961: The Air Line with the Big Jets
  • In 1966, with the introduction of the first Series 61 DC-8, Delta adopted the slogan "Fly big to Florida... Fly Delta!". Bob Hope, known in ads as Bob "Super DC-8" Hope, was Delta's spokesperson at the time.
  • 1968: Delta is ready when you are"[79]
  • 1972: Fly the best with Delta
  • 1974: Delta Is My Airline
  • 1976: Celebrate the Bicentennial with Delta
  • 1980: Delta is the Best
  • 1983: That's The Delta Spirit
  • 1984: Delta gets you there with care
  • 1986: The Official Airline of Walt Disney World
  • 1987: The Best Get Better, reflective of the airline's merger with Western Airlines
  • 1987: We Love To Fly, And It Shows
  • 1989: The Official Airline of Disneyland and Walt Disney World[80]
  • 1991: Delta is your choice for flying
  • 1994: You'll love the way we fly
  • 1996: On top of the world. This slogan was launched at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, for which Delta was the official airline
  • 2000: "Fly___", in which the blank was filled in according to the context of the slogan's usage. For example, on the airline's cocktail napkins, the slogan was "Fly 'refreshed'". For luggage tags, the slogan read "Fly 'for business'" or "Fly 'me home'".
  • Immediately after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Delta adopted the slogan, "Delta remembers America".
  • In 2004, Delta adopted a marketing scheme using "Secret Places – ___", in which the blank was filled in according to the picture being used in the advertisement (a major Delta destination).
  • 2005: Good Goes Around"[81]
  • 2007: Delta Air Lines exited bankruptcy. To highlight changes, the airline chose "Change Is:__________" (in which the blank was filled according to the context of the slogan's usage) as its slogan. Other advertisements used the tagline "Change Is: Delta" in a play on the use of the Greek letter delta to denote the difference operator in mathematics.
  • In and around Atlanta there are advertisements promoting Delta as the "Official Airline of the Braves Unofficial Airline of the World". Also "Make Every Game a Home Game" is used.
  • After the merger with Northwest, both airlines adopted "One Great Airline" and "Together In Style".
  • 2010: "Keep Climbing" campaign is launched in NYC in select media outlets and onboard Delta aircraft. Donald Sutherland is the 'voice' of Delta in the television ads.

Environmental initiatives

In 2008, Delta Air Lines was given an award from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Design for the Environment (DfE) program for their use of PreKote, a more environmentally friendly, non-hexavalent chromium surface pretreatment on its aircraft, replacing hazardous chemicals formerly used to improve paint adhesion and prevent corrosion. In addition, PreKote reduces water usage by two-thirds and reduces wastewater treatment.

PreKote is also saving money by reducing the time needed to paint each airplane. With time savings of eight to ten percent, it will save an estimated more than $1 million annually.[82]

Sponsorships

Boeing 767-400ER painted in pink livery for Breast Cancer Research Foundation

Deltalina

Main article: Deltalina

As part of the rebranding project, a safety video featuring a flight attendant showed up on YouTube in early 2008, getting over 1 million views and the attention of news outlets, specifically for the video's tone mixed with the serious safety message. The flight attendant, Katherine Lee, was dubbed "Deltalina" by a member of FlyerTalk for her resemblance to Angelina Jolie.[93][94][95][96] Delta had considered several styles for its current safety video, including animation, before opting for a video presenting a flight attendant speaking to the audience. The video was filmed on a Boeing 757.[97]

Incidents and accidents

The following are major incidents and accidents that occurred on Delta Air Lines mainline aircraft. For Northwest Airlines incidents, see Northwest Airlines Incidents and Accidents. For Delta Connection incidents, see Delta Connection incidents and accidents.

Delta Air Lines Reported Incidents
Flight Date Aircraft Location Description Casualties
Fatal Serious Minor Uninjured Ground
N/A[98] April 22, 1947 DC-3 Columbus, Georgia A Vultee BT-13, owned by the Tuskegee Aviation Institute, landed on top of a DC-3, which was flying from Macon to Columbus. 8 0 0 0 1
705[99] March 10, 1948 DC-4 Chicago Midway Airport Crashed near Chicago Municipal (Midway) Airport shortly after takeoff while en route to Miami. Officials determined that longitudinal control of the airplane was lost resulting in the crash. The cause for the loss of control remains undetermined. 12 1 0 0 0
318[100] May 17, 1953 DC-3 Marshall, Texas Crashed 13 miles (21 km) east of Marshall, Texas. The flight which originated from Dallas Love Field was on approach to Shreveport, Louisiana. The crash was attributed to adverse weather conditions with a thunderstorm in the area. 19 1 0 0 1
1903 May 23, 1960 Convair 880 Atlanta Crashed during a training exercise in Atlanta. The aircraft stalled and crashed killing all four crew members. 4 0 0 0 0
9877[101] March 30, 1967 DC-8 New Orleans Crashed during a training exercise near New Orleans International Airport. The improper use of flight and power controls by both instructor and the Captain-trainee during a simulated two-engine out landing approach, resulted in the loss of control. The aircraft crashed into a residential area, destroying several homes and a motel complex and killing 13 people on the ground. 6 0 0 0 13
9570[102] May 30, 1972 DC-9 Greater Southwest International Airport Crashed during landing procedures in Fort Worth, Texas. The probable cause of the accident was wake turbulence resulting from a touch-and-go landing moments before of American Airlines Flight 1114, operated using a DC-10. The right wing hit the ground causing a fire resulting in the aircraft being written off. 4 0 0 0 0
954[103] December 20, 1972 Convair 880 Chicago O'Hare Int'l Airport The Delta CV-880 taxied across runway 27L in heavy fog. At the same time, North Central Airlines Flight 575, a DC-9-31, took off from the same runway. The aircraft collided. 10 0 17 (severity unknown) 101 0
723 July 31, 1973 DC-9 Boston Logan International Airport Crashed into a seawall. Contributing to the accident was a defective flight deck instrument giving the crew misleading guidance during the instrument approach in visibility less than a half mile with 500-foot (150 m) cloud ceilings. 89 occupants died including Leopold Chouinard,[104] died from burns months after the accident, leaving no survivors .[105] 89 0 0 0 0
516[106] November 27, 1973 DC-9 Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport Crashed into approach lights during a thunderstorm 0 4 75 0 0
191 August 2, 1985 Lockheed L-1011 Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport On a Fort Lauderdale–Dallas/Fort Worth- Los Angeles route, the plane crashed due to severe microburst-induced wind shear. One person on the ground was killed as the plane crossed a highway. The crash would later become the subject of a television movie. Numerous changes to pilot wind shear training, weather forecasting, and wind shear detection were made as a result of this crash.[107] 134 15 12 2 1
37[108] July 8, 1987 Lockheed L-1011 North Atlantic Ocean Near collision with a Continental 747 carrying 418 passengers and crew. Both the Delta (London-Cincinnati) and Continental (London-Newark) were heading to the U.S. with nearly 600 people total on both aircraft. The Delta flight strayed 60 miles (97 km) off course to the south from its assigned "C" track during its flight and came within 30 feet (9.1 m) of colliding with the 747 as the L-1011 flew under it in Canadian airspace, flying on the "D" track (there are five westbound and five eastbound tracks from the United States to the United Kingdom. Had the planes actually collided, it could have tied the Tenerife airport disaster as the deadliest aviation accident in history. 0 0 0 All 0
1141 August 31, 1988 Boeing 727 Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport Crashed after takeoff bound for Salt Lake City, Utah. The investigation stated the probable cause of this accident to be improper configuration of the flaps and leading edge slats. 14 26 50 18 0
1288[109] July 6, 1996 MD-88 Pensacola International Airport An uncontained engine failure of the port (left) engine on the aircraft resulted in a fan hub piercing the cabin. The flight was scheduled to fly to Atlanta. The aircraft involved in this accident, N927DA, was repaired and returned to service, and remains in service as of 2012. 2 2 3 135 0
1989[110][111] September 11, 2001 Boeing 767–300 En route from Logan International Airport Flight 1989, bound for Los Angeles International Airport was caught in the path of United Airlines Flight 93. The two aircraft were so close that ATC were initially confused as to which plane had been hijacked. The Delta pilot managed to avoid United 93 and the flight was later diverted to Cleveland Hopkins International Airport.[112] 0 0 0 All 0
129 February 3, 2002 McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Dublin Airport Flight 129 from Atlanta skidded off the runway at Dublin Airport in high winds. The port engine of MD-11 N803DE had severe damage[113] 0 0 0 All 0

Although Northwest Airlines Flight 253 was listed as a Northwest Airlines flight, the aircraft bore the Delta livery during the transitional period after the merger and therefore was reported in some media as a Delta flight.[citation needed]

Hijackings

Delta Security stickers on the back of a passport.

There have been over a dozen attempted hijackings which resulted in no injuries and the surrender of the often lone hijacker. These incidents are not included. The following are notable hijackings because of fatalities or success in forcing the aircraft to fly to another country:

  • In 1968, a Delta DC-8 was hijacked to Havana, Cuba. This was the first successful hijacking to Cuba from the U.S. since 1961,[citation needed] and was the start of multiple hijacking attempts to Cuba in the late 1960s. This coincided with the introduction of passenger screening using metal detectors in U.S. airports starting in the late 1960s.
  • Additional hijackings which resulted in no injuries and the flight landing in Cuba include March 28, 1984 (Delta 357 New Orleans-Dallas 727),[114] August 18, 1983 (Delta 784 Miami-Tampa 727),[115] July 17, 1983 (Delta 722 Miami-Tampa 727),[116] June 11, 1979 (Delta 1061 New York LaGuardia-Fort Lauderdale L1011)[117]
  • July 31, 1972, a Delta Flight 841, a Detroit to Miami DC-8 flight, was hijacked to Algiers, Algeria by 8 hijackers. The aircraft stopped in Boston to pick up an international navigator. The flight was allowed to return with passengers to the U.S., stopping in Barcelona for refueling.[118][119]
  • On February 22, 1974, Samuel Byck, an unemployed tire salesman from Pennsylvania, stormed aboard Delta Air Lines Flight 523, DC-9 flight at Baltimore Friendship Airport (now Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport) scheduled to fly to Atlanta and shot both pilots, killing the First Officer, Fred Jones. He intended to crash the plane into the White House.[120] After shooting the pilots, the hijacker grabbed a passenger and demanded that she fly the aircraft.[121]
  • On August 23, 1980, a Delta Air Lines L-1011 on a San Juan to Los Angeles flight was hijacked to Cuba.[122] The hijacker was jailed by Cuban authorities, and all passengers were released unharmed.
  • On September 13, 1980, a Delta Air Lines New Orleans to Atlanta flight was taken over by two hijackers and forced to fly to Cuba. The flight continued to Atlanta after stopping in Havana. The hijackers were imprisoned by Cuban authorities. One hijacker was released and later sought US residency. The suspect was later arrested by US authorities in 2002.[123] and sentenced to prison the following year.

See also

Template:Wikipedia books

References

Notes
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  2. ^ Norwood, Tom; Wegg, John (2002). North American Airlines Handbook (3rd ed.). Sandpoint, Idaho: Airways International. p. 40. ISBN 0-9653993-8-9.
  3. ^ "Airline Certificate Information – Detail View". av-info.faa.gov. Federal Aviation Administration. September 30, 1988. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011. Certificate Number DALA026A
  4. ^ a b c d "Stats & Facts". news.delta.com. Delta Air Lines, Inc. 2011. Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011. Hubs: Atlanta, Cincinnati, Detroit, Memphis, Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York-JFK, Salt Lake City, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Amsterdam and Tokyo-Narita {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "2010 Form 10-K, Delta Air Lines, Inc". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
  6. ^ "Delta Renames Business Jet Subsidiary 'Delta Private Jets'". deltaprivatejets.com. Delta Private Jets, Inc. September 9, 2010. Archived from the original on January 20, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2010. Delta Private Jets, formerly Delta AirElite Business Jets, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines...
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Bibliography
  • Green, William (1987). Modern Commercial Aircraft. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-517-63369-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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