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List of state leaders in 1999

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This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1999.

Africa

Algeria
- President -
  1. Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994–1999)
  2. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Smail Hamdani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1998–1999)
  2. Ahmed Benbitour, Prime Minister of Algeria (1999–2000)
Angola
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Prime Minister - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996–1999)
Benin
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
Botswana
- President - Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
Burkina Faso
- President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister - Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
Burundi
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
Cameroon
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
Cape Verde
- President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
Central African Republic -
- President - Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1997–1999)
  2. Anicet Georges Dologuélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1999–2001)
Chad
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime Minister of Chad (1997–1999)
  2. Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002)
Comoros
- President -
  1. Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, Interim President of the Comoros (1998–1999)
  2. Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (1999–2002)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1998–1999)
  2. Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1999–2000)
- Anjouan (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - President -
    1. Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim, President of Anjouan (1997–1999)
    2. Said Abeid, President of Anjouan (1999–2001)
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President - Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
Côte d'Ivoire
- President -
  1. Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
  2. Robert Guéï, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1999–2000)
- Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
Djibouti
- President -
  1. Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
  2. Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
Egypt
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kamal Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt (1996–1999)
  2. Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
Equatorial Guinea
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
Eritrea
- President - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)^[1]
Ethiopia
- President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994–1999)
  2. Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
The Gambia
- President - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994–2017)
Ghana
- President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
Guinea
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996–1999)
  2. Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
Guinea-Bissau
- President -
  1. João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
  2. Ansumane Mané, Chairman of the Supreme Command of the Military Junta of Guinea-Bissau (1999)
  3. Malam Bacai Sanhá, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (1999–2000)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Fadul, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1998–2000)
Kenya
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
Lesotho
- Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
Liberia
- President - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Head of Government - Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1997–2000)
Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
Malawi
- President - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
Mali
- President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994–2000)
Mauritania
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
Mauritius
- President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995–2000)
Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Pierre Bayle, Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
Morocco
- Monarch -
  1. Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
  2. Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
  - President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1995–1999)
    2. Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1999–2003)
Mozambique
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
Namibia
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
Niger
- President -
  1. Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger (1996–1999)
  2. Daouda Malam Wanké, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council of Niger (1999)
  3. Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
- Prime Minister - Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime Minister of Niger (1997–2000)
Nigeria
- Head of State -
  1. Abdulsalami Abubakar, Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1998–1999)
  2. Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
Rwanda
- President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995–2000)
Saint Helena and Dependencies (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
  1. David Leslie Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena (1995–1999)
  2. David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
São Tomé and Príncipe
- President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Raul Bragança Neto, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1996–1999)
  2. Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999–2001)
Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime Minister of Senegal (1998–2000)
Seychelles
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
Sierra Leone
- President - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
Somalia
- no functioning central government
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - President - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
- Puntland (self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)
  - President - Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998–2002)
- Jubaland (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - independent Jubaland extinguished on 11 June 1999
  - President - Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, President of Jubaland (1998–1999)
South Africa
- President -
  1. Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994–1999)
  2. Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
Sudan
- President - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
Swaziland
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
Tanzania
- President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
Togo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996–1999)
  2. Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000)
Tunisia
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
  2. Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
Uganda
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994–1999)
  2. Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
Zambia
- President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
Zimbabwe
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) (mostly unrecognized government, controlling about 90% of the country)
  - De facto leader - Mullah Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
  - Head of State - Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Islamic State of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) (internationally recognized government, controlling about 10% of the country)
  - President - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
  - Prime Minister - Ravan A. G. Farhâdi, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1997–2001)
Bahrain
- Monarch -
  1. Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)^[2]
  2. Sheikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)^[3]
Bangladesh
- President - Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
Bhutan -
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1998–1999)
  2. Sangay Ngedup, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1999–2000)
Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)^[4]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
Cambodia
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
- Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present)^[5]
China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
- President - Jiang Zemin, President of China (1993–2003)
- Premier - Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003)
East Timor (under UN administration)
- Special Representative - Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor (1999–2002)
India
- President - K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister - Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
Indonesia
- President -
  1. B. J. Habibie, President of Indonesia (1998–1999)
  2. Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President - Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
Israel
- President - Ezer Weizman, President of Israel (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999)
  2. Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel (1999–2001)
- Palestinian Authority (non-state administrative authority)
  - President - Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
Japan
- Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
- Prime Minister - Keizō Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (1998–2000)
Jordan
- Monarch -
  1. Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
  2. Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Regent -
  1. Prince Hassan bin Talal, Regent of Jordan (1998–1999)
  2. Prince Abdullah bin Hussein, Regent of Jordan (1999)^[6]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Fayez Tarawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan (1998–1999)
  2. Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh, Prime Minister of Jordan (1999–2000)
Kazakhstan
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019)^[7]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1997–1999)
  2. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011)^[8]
- Nominal Head of State - Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019)
- Premier - Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (1997–2003)
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister - Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1998–2000)
Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)^[9]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)^[10]
Kyrgyzstan
- President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)^[11]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jumabek Ibraimov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998–1999)
  2. Boris Silayev, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999)
  3. Amangeldy Muraliyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999–2000)
Laos
- Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
- President - Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
- Premier - Sisavath Keobounphanh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1998–2001)
Lebanon
- President - Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
- Prime Minister - Selim Hoss, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1998–2000)
Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- joined China on 20 December 1999
- Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Governor of Macau (1991–1999)
Malaysia
- Monarch -
  1. Tuanku Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1994–1999)
  2. Sultan Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1999–2001)
- Prime Minister - Dato' Sri Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
Mongolia
- President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1998–1999)
  2. Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, Acting Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999)
  3. Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999–2000)
Myanmar
- Head of State - Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister - Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1998–1999)
  2. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime Minister of Nepal (1999–2000)
Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
Pakistan
- President - Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998–2001)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1997–1999)
  2. Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (1999–2002)
Philippines
- President - Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998–2001)
Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
Singapore
- President -
  1. Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993–1999)
  2. S.R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
Sri Lanka
- President - Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994–2000)
Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Lee Teng-hui, President of Taiwan (1988–2000)
- Premier - Vincent Siew, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1997–2000)
Tajikistan
- President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Yahyo Azimov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1996–1999)
  2. Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister - Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
Turkey
- President - Süleyman Demirel, President of Turkey (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mesut Yılmaz, Prime Minister of Turkey (1997–1999)
  2. Bülent Ecevit, Prime Minister of Turkey (1999–2002)
Turkmenistan
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov, President for Life of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)^[12]
United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
Uzbekistan
- President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016)^[13]
- Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader - Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997–2001)
- President - Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister - Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
Yemen
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012)^[14]
- Prime Minister - Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen (1998–2001)

Europe

Albania -
- President - Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Pandeli Majko, Prime Minister of Albania (1998–1999)
  2. Ilir Meta, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
Andorra -
- Monarchs
  - French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
    - Co-Prince's Representative -
      1. Pierre de Bousquet de Florian (1997–1999)
      2. Frédéric de Saint-Sernin (1999–2002)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- Prime Minister - Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
Armenia -
- President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Armen Darbinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1998–1999)
  2. Vazgen Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1999)
  3. Aram Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1999–2000)
Austria -
- President - Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor - Viktor Klima, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1997–2000)
Azerbaijan -
- President - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
  - President - Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Zhirayr Poghosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1998–1999)
    2. Anushavan Danielyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1999–2007)
Belarus -
- President - Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister - Sergey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1996–2000)
Belgium -
- Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
  2. Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
Bosnia and Herzegovina -
- Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  - Serb member - Živko Radišić (1998–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998–1999)
  - Bosniak member - Alija Izetbegović (1996–2000)
  - Croat member - Ante Jelavić (1998–2001), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999–2000)
- Co-Premiers -
  1. Haris Silajdžić and Boro Bosić, Co-Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
  2. Haris Silajdžić and Svetozar Mihajlović, Co-Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999–2000)
- High Representative -
  1. Carlos Westendorp, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
  2. Wolfgang Petritsch, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999–2002)
Bulgaria -
- President - Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister - Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
Croatia -
- President -
  1. Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990–1999)^[15]
  2. Vlatko Pavletić, Acting President of Croatia (1999–2000)
- Prime Minister - Zlatko Mateša, Prime Minister of Croatia (1995–2000)
Cyprus -
- President - Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
  - President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
  - Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
Czech Republic -
- President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister - Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
Estonia -
- President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia (1997–1999)
  2. Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1999–2002)
Finland -
- President - Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995–2003)
France -
- President - Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister - Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
Georgia -
- President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Prime Minister - Vazha Lortkipanidze, Minister of State of Georgia (1998–2000)
- Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)^[16]
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Sergei Bagapsh, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
    2. Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - President - Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001)
  - Prime Minister - Merab Chigoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1998–2001)
Germany -
- President -
  1. Roman Herzog, Federal President of Germany (1994–1999)
  2. Johannes Rau, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004)
- Chancellor - Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
Greece -
- President- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
Hungary -
- President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister - Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
Iceland -
- President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
- Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
Ireland -
- President - Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister - Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
Italy -
- President -
  1. Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992–1999)
  2. Nicola Mancino, Acting President of Italy (1999)
  3. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
- Prime Minister - Massimo D'Alema, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1998–2000)
Latvia -
- President -
  1. Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993–1999)
  2. Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Vilis Krištopans, Prime Minister of Latvia (1998–1999)
  2. Andris Šķēle, Prime Minister of Latvia (1999–2000)
Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Prime Minister - Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
Lithuania -
- President - Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1996–1999)
  2. Irena Degutienė, Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
  3. Rolandas Paksas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
  4. Irena Degutienė, Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
  5. Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999–2000)
Luxembourg -
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Regent - Hereditary Grand Duke Henri, Lieutenant Representative of Luxembourg (1998–2000)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
Macedonia -
- President -
  1. Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1995–1999)
  2. Savo Klimovski, Acting President of Macedonia (1999)
  3. Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Ljubčo Georgievski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1998–2002)
Malta -
- President -
  1. Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994–1999)
  2. Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
Moldova -
- President - Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ion Ciubuc, Prime Minister of Moldova (1997–1999)
  2. Ion Sturza, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999)
  3. Dumitru Braghiş, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999–2001)
- Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)
  - President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)^[17]
Monaco -
- Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Michel Lévêque, Minister of State of Monaco (1997–2000)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
  - Prime Minister - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
  - see under North America
- Aruba (constituent country)
  - see under North America
Norway -
- Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Prime Minister - Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (1997–2000)
Poland -
- President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Jerzy Buzek, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
Portugal -
- President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister - António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
Romania -
- President - Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania (1996–2000)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Radu Vasile, Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999)
  2. Alexandru Athanasiu, Interim Prime Minister of Romania (1999)
  3. Mugur Isărescu, Prime Minister of Romania (1999–2000)
Russia -
- President -
  1. Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990–1999)^[18]
  2. Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Yevgeny Primakov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1998–1999)
  2. Sergei Stepashin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1999)
  3. Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1999–2000)
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - President - Aslan Maskhadov, President of Ichkeria (1997–2000)^[19]
  - Prime Minister – Aslan Maskhadov, Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1998–2000)
San Marino
- Captains-Regent -
  1. Pietro Berti and Paolo Bollini, Captains-Regent of San Marino (1998 - 1999)
  2. Antonello Bacciocchi and Rosa Zafferani, Captains-Regent of San Marino (1999)
  3. Marino Bollini and Giuseppe Arzilli, Captains-Regent of San Marino (1999 - 2000)
Slovakia -
- President -
  1. Mikuláš Dzurinda and Jozef Migaš, Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998–1999)
  2. Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
Slovenia -
- President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)^[20]
- Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2000)
Spain -
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister - José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
Switzerland -
- Federal Council:^[21]
  Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002, President), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006)
Ukraine -
- President - Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Valeriy Pustovoitenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1997–1999)
  2. Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1999–2001)
United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
  - Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Coward, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
  - Bailiff -
    1. Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
    2. de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
  - Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
  - Bailiff - Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
  - Lieutenant Governor - Sir Timothy Daunt, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1995–2000)
  - Chief minister - Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1996–2001)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
  - Governor - Sir Richard Luce, Baron Luce, Governor of Gibraltar (1997–2000)
  - Chief Minister - Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
Vatican City -
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
  - Secretary of State - Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
Yugoslavia -
- President - Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000)
- Prime Minister - Momir Bulatović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1998–2000)
- Kosovo (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration 1999-2008) / Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state 1991-2000)
  - UN Special Representative - Bernard Kouchner, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (1999–2001)
  - President - Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)
    2. Hashim Thaçi (in opposition), Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1999–2000)

North America

Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Robert Harris, Governor of Anguilla (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister - Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1994–2000)
Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister - Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister - Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1994–2001)
The Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister - Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
- Prime Minister - Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda (1997–2002)
- Premier - Jennifer M. Smith, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1998–2002)
- Chief Minister - Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
Canada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General -
  1. Roméo LeBlanc, Governor General of Canada (1995–1999)
  2. Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
- Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
  1. John Wynne Owen, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1995–1999)
  2. Peter Smith, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1999–2002)
- Head of Government - Truman Bodden, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (1994–2000)
Costa Rica
- President - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
Dominica -
- President - Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister - Edison James, Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
Dominican Republic
- President - Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000)
El Salvador -
- President -
  1. Armando Calderón Sol, President of El Salvador (1994–1999)
  2. Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
Grenada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
Guatemala
- President - Álvaro Arzú, President of Guatemala (1996–2000)
Haiti -
- President - René Préval, President of Haiti (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime Minister of Haiti (1999–2001)
Honduras
- President - Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras (1998–2002)
Jamaica -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
Mexico
- President - Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico (1994–2000)
Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Tony Abbott, Governor of Montserrat (1997–2001)
- Chief Minister - David Brandt, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990–2002)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Susanne Camelia-Römer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1998–1999)
  2. Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1999–2002)
Nicaragua
- President - Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
Panama
- President -
  1. Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama (1994–1999)
  2. Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
Saint Lucia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
- Prime Minister - Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
  1. Rémi Thuau, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1997–1999)
  2. Francis Spitzer, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1999–2001)
- President of the General Council - Bernard Le Soavec, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1996–2000)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
- Prime Minister - Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister - Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - John Kelly, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister - Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003)
United States of America
- President - Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
  - Governor - Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1993–2001)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
  - Governor -
    1. Roy Schneider, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1995–1999)
    2. Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)

Oceania

American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
Australia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
  - Administrator -
    1. Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1998-1999)
    2. Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
  - Shire President - Dave McLane, Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001)
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
  - Administrator -
    1. Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1998-1999)
    2. Bill Taylor, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
  - Shire President -
    1. Radal bin Feyrel, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1995-1999)
    2. Mohammad Said Chongkin, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999-2001)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
  - Administrator - Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
  - Chief Minister - George Charles Smith, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1997–2000)
Fiji -
- President - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992–1999)
  2. Mahendra Chaudhry, Prime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000)
French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Carl T.C. Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
Kiribati
- President - Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
Marshall Islands
- President - Imata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1997–2000)
Micronesia
- President -
  1. Jacob Nena, President of Micronesia (1997–1999)
  2. Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003)
Nauru
- President -
  1. Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1998–1999)
  2. René Harris, President of Nauru (1999–2000)
New Caledonia (French overseas territory until 1999, then Sui Generis Collectivity of France)
- High Commissioner -
  1. Dominique Bur, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1995–1999)
  2. Bernard Bouloc, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999)
  3. Thierry Lataste, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999–2002)
- Head of Government - Jean Lèques, President of the Government of New Caledonia (1999–2001)
New Zealand -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jenny Shipley, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1997–1999)
  2. Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
  - Queen's Representative - Sir Apenera Short, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1990–2000)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989–1999)
    2. Joe Williams, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1999)
    3. Terepai Maoate, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1999–2002)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
  - Premier -
    1. Frank Lui, Premier of Niue (1993–1999)
    2. Sani Lakatani, Premier of Niue (1999–2002)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
  - Administrator - Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
  - Head of Government -
    1. Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (1998–1999)
    2. Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (1999–2000)
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002)
Palau
- President - Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993–2001)^[22]
Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1997–1999)
  2. Mekere Morauta, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1999–2002)
Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1998–2001)
- Mayor -
  1. Jay Warren, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
  2. Steve Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Moses Pitakaka, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1994–1999)
  2. Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1997–2000)
Tonga -
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)^[23]
- Prime Minister - Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga (1991–2000)
Tuvalu -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1996–1999)
  2. Ionatana Ionatana, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1999–2000)
Vanuatu -
- President -
  1. Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau, President of Vanuatu (1994–1999)
  2. Edward Natapei, Acting President of Vanuatu (1999)
  3. John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Donald Kalpokas, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1998–1999)
  2. Barak Sopé, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001)
Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Christian Dors, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1998–2000)
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
  1. Victor Brial, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1997–1999)
  2. Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1999–2001)

South America

Argentina
- President -
  1. Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989–1999)
  2. Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina (1999–2001)
Bolivia
- President - Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997–2001)
Brazil
- President - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995–2002)
Chile
- President - Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994–2000)
Colombia
- President - Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998–2002)
Ecuador
- President - Jamil Mahuad, President of Ecuador (1998–2000)
Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
  1. Richard Ralph, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1996–1999)
  2. Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1999–2002)
- Chief Executive - Andrew Gurr, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1994–1999)
Guyana -
- President -
  1. Janet Jagan, President of Guyana (1997–1999)
  2. Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1997–1999)
  2. Bharrat Jagdeo, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999)
  3. Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
Paraguay
- President -
  1. Raúl Cubas Grau, President of Paraguay (1998–1999)
  2. Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
Peru -
- President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Alberto Pandolfi, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1998–1999)
  2. Víctor Joy Way, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1999)
  3. Alberto Bustamante Belaunde, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1999–2000)
Suriname
- President - Jules Wijdenbosch, President of Suriname (1996–2000)
Uruguay
- President - Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay (1995–2000)
Venezuela
- Republic of Venezuela changed name to Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela on 15 December 1999
- President -
  1. Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1994–1999)
  2. Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (1999–2002)

References

^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister between 1993 and 1998.
^ "Hussein's cancer relapse prompts 10 more days of chemotherapy". CNN. 28 January 1999. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
^ The position of the Chairman was declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
^ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
^ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
^ Ali Abdullah Saleh was President of North Yemen until 1990.
^ Croatia only became independent in 1991.
^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.
^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
^ Russia only became independent in 1991.
^ The capital was retaken by Russia in 2000 and Maskhadov was in hiding afterwards. President in exile until 2005.
^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
^ Palau only became independent in 1994.
^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.

Rulers

External links

Template:Lists of 20th-century state leaders

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