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Weifang

Coordinates: 36°42′29″N 119°09′43″E / 36.708°N 119.162°E / 36.708; 119.162
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(Redirected from 潍坊)
"Weihsien" redirects here. For the World War II civilian internment camp, see Weixian Internment Camp.
Weifang
潍坊市
Prefecture-level city
Left to right, top to bottom: Skyline viewed from the Fuwah Park Ferris Wheel, the Bailang River, Kuiwenmen Street, Weifang Middle Road with Weifang University visible to the left, Weifang Grand Theater
Location of Weifang City jurisdiction in Shandong
Location of Weifang City jurisdiction in Shandong
Weifang is located in Shandong
Weifang
Weifang
Location in China
Weifang is located in China
Weifang
Weifang
Weifang (China)
Coordinates (Weifang municipal government): 36°42′29″N 119°09′43″E / 36.708°N 119.162°E / 36.708; 119.162
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShandong
Municipal seatKuiwen District
Subdivisions
List
Government
 • Party SecretaryLiu Yun
 • MayorLiu Jianjun
Area
16,143.14 km2 (6,232.90 sq mi)
 • Urban
2,646.1 km2 (1,021.7 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,746.6 km2 (1,446.6 sq mi)
Elevation
32 m (106 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
9,386,705
 • Density580/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
2,511,721
 • Urban density950/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
 • Metro
3,095,520
 • Metro density830/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
 • Major nationalities
Han Chinese
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 615.7 billion
US$ 93 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 65,721
US$ 9,932
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
261000
(Urban center)
261300, 261500, 262100, 262200, 262400-262700
(Other areas)
Area code536
ISO 3166 codeCN-SD-07
License plate prefixes鲁G & 鲁V
Coastline113 kilometres (70 mi)
Websitehttp://www.weifang.gov.cn/

Weifang (simplified Chinese: 潍坊; traditional Chinese: 濰坊; pinyin: Wéifāng) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. The city borders Dongying to the northwest, Zibo to the west, Linyi to the southwest, Rizhao to the south, Qingdao to the east, and looks out to the Laizhou Bay to the north. [3]Its population was 9,386,705 at the 2020 census, of whom 3,095,520 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of four urban districts (Kuiwen, Weicheng, Hanting and Fangzi) and Changle County largely being urbanized.[4]

Weifang has numerous natural and historic sites, such as Shihu Garden (from the Late Ming and early Qing dynasty), Fangong Pavilion (from the Song dynasty), fossil sites (including dinosaur fossils, in Shanwang, Linqu), Mount Yi National Forest Park, Mount Qingyun and the Old Dragon Spring. Painted New Year woodcuts from Yangjiabu are also well known.[5] The city is served by Weifang Airport to various cities across China.[6]

Administration

[edit]

The prefecture-level city of Weifang administers 12 county-level divisions, including four districts, six county-level cities and two counties.Weifang City governs 4 districts: Kuiwen, Weicheng, Hanting, and Fangzi; 6 county-level cities: Qingzhou, Zhucheng, Shouguang, Anqiu, Gaomi, and Changyi; and 2 counties: Linqu and Changle. County-level cities are at the same level as counties, so there are 12 districts and counties. In addition, there are 59 streets and 59 towns in the city.[7] The residents are mainly Han, with 50 ethnic minorities including Hui and Manchu.Weifang Municipal Government is located in Weifang City, Kuiwen District, No. 99 Shengli East Street.[8]

Map
Subdivision Chinese Pinyin
Weicheng District 潍城区 Wéichéng Qū
Hanting District 寒亭区 Hántíng Qū
Fangzi District 坊子区 Fāngzǐ Qū
Kuiwen District 奎文区 Kuǐwén Qū
Linqu County 临朐县 Línqú Xiàn
Changle County 昌乐县 Chānglè Xiàn
Qingzhou 青州市 Qīngzhōu Shì
Zhucheng 诸城市 Zhūchéng Shì
Shouguang 寿光市 Shòuguāng Shì
Anqiu 安丘市 Ānqiū Shì
Gaomi 高密市 Gāomì Shì
Changyi 昌邑市 Chāngyì Shì

Geography and climate

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Nearby major cities include Jinan and Zibo to the west, Yantai to the northeast and Qingdao to the southeast.Weifang is high in the south and low in the north. The south is a low hilly area with dense forests and rich vegetation. Alluvial rivers in the central part form alluvial and alluvial plain areas, and the northern part is the coastal area with vast coastal beaches. There are six major rivers such as Wei River and Bailang River flowing through it.[9]

Weifang has a monsoon-influenced, four-season humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with hot, humid summers, and cold but dry winters. Monthly daily average temperatures range from −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) in January to 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 12.71 °C (54.9 °F). More than 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September, and sunshine is generally abundant year-round. A majority of the annual precipitation occurs in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 47% in July to 62% in April, the city receives 2,536 hours of bright sunshine annually, sunshine is abundant except during the summer months.[10]

Climate data for Weifang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.6
(63.7) 		24.2
(75.6) 		31.5
(88.7) 		34.9
(94.8) 		40.7
(105.3) 		41.4
(106.5) 		39.5
(103.1) 		37.3
(99.1) 		39.0
(102.2) 		35.8
(96.4) 		26.3
(79.3) 		22.6
(72.7) 		41.4
(106.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		7.1
(44.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		26.1
(79.0) 		30.3
(86.5) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.4
(86.7) 		27.0
(80.6) 		21.1
(70.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		19.1
(66.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.3
(27.9) 		0.8
(33.4) 		6.7
(44.1) 		13.6
(56.5) 		19.6
(67.3) 		24.1
(75.4) 		26.7
(80.1) 		25.6
(78.1) 		21.2
(70.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		6.8
(44.2) 		0.0
(32.0) 		13.1
(55.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		1.0
(33.8) 		7.4
(45.3) 		13.4
(56.1) 		18.6
(65.5) 		22.5
(72.5) 		21.7
(71.1) 		16.2
(61.2) 		9.5
(49.1) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		8.1
(46.6)
Record low °C (°F) −17.2
(1.0) 		−17.9
(−0.2) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		0.9
(33.6) 		6.3
(43.3) 		12.9
(55.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−11.7
(10.9) 		−16.5
(2.3) 		−17.9
(−0.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6.4
(0.25) 		12.7
(0.50) 		12.8
(0.50) 		27.9
(1.10) 		48.7
(1.92) 		76.9
(3.03) 		131.1
(5.16) 		160.0
(6.30) 		52.9
(2.08) 		28.1
(1.11) 		26.6
(1.05) 		10.3
(0.41) 		594.4
(23.41)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.9 3.2 3.3 5.3 6.6 7.7 11.4 11.5 6.0 5.2 4.6 3.9 71.6
Average snowy days 3.8 3.5 1.3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 2.7 12.2
Average relative humidity (%) 64 61 56 58 62 66 77 80 73 68 67 64 66
Mean monthly sunshine hours 166.1 167.9 218.0 234.6 258.7 224.9 192.2 193.5 202.7 197.5 165.6 165.6 2,387.3
Percent possible sunshine 54 55 58 59 59 51 43 47 55 57 55 55 54
Source: China Meteorological Administration[11][12][13]

Economy

[edit]

The city is home to the large diesel engine company and factory Weichai, and Shengrui Transmission manufacturer.[14] The village of Yangjiabu in Hanting District is famous for folk wood-block print (nianhua) and kite production.[15]

In the 1980s, many sapphire deposits were discovered in Changle County. According to released information, billions of carats of sapphire are estimated to lie under an area of 450 km2 (170 sq mi).[16] Mining here has become one of the top four sapphire producers in the world. The main feature of this sapphire is the dark blue or close to black color because of the high iron content.

Established in August 1995, the Weifang Binhai Economic & Technological Development Area (BEDA) is a national economic and technological development area approved by the State Council. Covering an area of 677 km2 (261 sq mi), BEDA has a population of 100,000. BEDA possesses a large state-owned industrial land for use with an area of 400 km2 (150 sq mi). BEDA has been accredited as a National Demonstration Zone invigorating the Sea by Science and Technology, National Innovation Base for Rejuvenating Trade through Science and Technology and National Demonstration Eco-Industry Park.

Weifang is an important economic center of Shandong Province, with numerous shopping centers. Fangzi Taihua City, located in Fangzi District, Weifang City, was built by Shandong Century Taihua Group with a construction area of about 130,000 square meters and equipped with 1,200 parking spaces. It officially opened on September 17, 2021.[17]

Military

[edit]

Weifang is the headquarters of the 26th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Jinan Military Region responsible for defense of the Yellow River Plain.[18]

History

[edit]

Weifang has a long history. According to archaeological discoveries, there are more than 1,800 ancient cultural sites in different times in China. Among them, the first Beixin cultural relic in eastern Shandong was found in taoyuan village, Qingzhou; The ancient castle site of Longshan culture excavated by Shouguang Bianxian Wang is rare in China. The typical Longshan cultural site in Yaoguanzhuang, Weicheng District is rich in unearthed relics, far exceeding the excavation of Chengziya site before liberation.

This shows that as early as 7000 years ago, our ancestors lived here. In Xia and Shang dynasties, there were such countries as pouring irrigation, pouring bamboo, cold and three longevity. At the beginning of the Zhou dynasty, King Wu sealed the state and founded the country, and made Tai Gong Wang Yu Qi and Du Yingqiu (now in Changle). To the Spring and Autumn period, the present municipal districts once belonged to Qi, Lu, Qi, Ju and other countries. During the Warring States period, most of the current ministries were in harmony, and Wulian and Zhucheng belonged to Shandong.

As early as the Neolithic Age, there were ancestors living next to the old roads of Weihe River and Mihe River in Weifang. The ancient tribal people living here are called "Dongyi people". They have created a rich and colorful Dongyi culture, which is one of the sources of Chinese civilization.

During the Eastern Zhou dynasty, Weifang belonged to the same land, bordering the Bohai Sea in the north, and it had the advantage of "fish and salt". Counties were established in Qin dynasty, and most of Weifang belonged to Jiaodong County, Qi County and Langya County. In the fifth year of Emperor Yuan Feng of the Han dynasty (106 BC), Qingzhou Secretariat Department was established, which was located in Guang County (located in Qingzhou today). During the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin dynasty, Murong De, a Xianbei people, established the Southern Yan regime, whose capital was located in Guanggu City (now Qingzhou City, Weifang), and in the 16th year of Emperor Kai of Sui dynasty (596), it was located in Weizhou.

During this period, as one of the earliest areas where Buddhism was introduced into the Han dynasty, Weifang became the center of Buddhism in Qilu, leaving a large number of Buddhist cultural relics, such as the hoard of Buddhist statues in longxing temple, Qingzhou and Tuoshan, and the statues in Yunmen Mountain and Shimenfang Grottoes.

A historic German train station in Euro Town, Weifang

Culture

[edit]

Kite flying

[edit]
Kite Museum in Weifang

Weifang is the birthplace of kites. As early as the 1930s, Weifang had held a kite festival.[19]Kite flying is a traditional custom among the people in Weifang in spring time. In 1984, the first international kite festival was held in Weifang. More than ten thousand kite fans attended the opening ceremony. People from eleven countries and regions, including the United States and Canada, took part in the festival, flying kites. Since then, Weifang holds the Weifang International Kite Festival each year. It is held each April.[20]

Painting

[edit]

Annual Board of Yangjiabu (楊家埠木版年畫), one of the three most famous Chinese folk paintings in history, began from the end of the Ming dynasty. It reached the peak of its development during the Qing dynasty. People usually replace the old Annual Broads with the new ones on the eve of Spring Festival, which is the most important festival in China, in order to give blessings to the family and friends for the following year. The subjects of Annual Board of Yangjiabu are various, which include flowers, beauties, landscapes, characters from myths and legends. The architecture skills such as concise lines and bright colors reflect the distinctive characteristics of people in Weifang.[21]

Papercutting

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Chinese papercutting, in a style that is practically identical to the original 6th century form

Papercutting, the art of cutting paper designs, has a long history in the city of Gaomi.Weifang paper-cutting is a UNESCO intangible cultural heritage item. Among them, the paper-cutting in the Gaomi area was first used as a faction of Jiaodong paper-cutting and has initially developed a delicate style.[22] This widespread handicraft has unique styles, such as strong contrast in color, straight and simple line and exaggerated outline. The characters mostly come from the dramatic stories, flowers and birds, as well as some fantastic symbols.[23]

Chinese New Year picture made of painted ash

[edit]

Gaomi ash New Year's paintings (高密扑灰年画) are an ancient type of Chinese folk art, which first appeared in the Ming dynasty during the Chenghua period and flourished in the Qing dynasty.[24]

On 20 May 2006, GaoMi ash New Year paintings were approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. October 31, 2023, the "national intangible cultural heritage representative project protection unit list" was announced, the original protection unit of the project there are significant changes in the nature of the unit, institutions and other aspects, does not have the basic conditions of the protection unit and so on, re-identified as the protection unit of gaomi city public cultural service centre.

Cuisine

[edit]

There are three dishes representative of Weifang:

  • Ji-Ya Hele (鸡鸭和乐) Weifang Ji-Ya Hele is said to have originated in Shanxi province. Later on, it was brought to Weifang. The name "Hele" (和乐),[25] a kind of noodle, was developed from the word "Helou" (河漏), a noodle name once used in history. Weifang Ji-Ya Hele is cooked with various ingredients, stewed with chicken and duck soup. To make delicious "Hele" Noodles, we need to put the "Hele" noodles into the pot. After it is fully boiled, chicken, duck, Sliced Meatball, salted vegetables or spicy oil is added into the noodles. In 1997, Ji-Ya Hele was honored as a "Chinese Famous Snack" by China Cuisine Association.
  • Rou Huo Shao (肉火烧; 'meat pie') Meat Pie is the most famous cuisine in Weifang. Weifang Meat Pie has a long history and variety. "Mirror" recorded in Han Zhao Qi people living in the North Sea (i.e. Weifang) to sell Weifang Meat pie for a living. This is an example of an earlier business written records since the Meat pIe. Whether it is in the morning or at noon, in front of the shop is always a long row waiting for the pie. The shop is generally build along the street. Bite, coke dough rattling, in a high temperature furnace after repeatedly turning roast, pork moisten the green onion, egg, chopped dried shrimps fillings inside, aroma, mouth-watering produce the feeling, entrance juicy, full taste, people aftertaste.[26]The most important technique in the process of making Weifang pork roast is roasting, three-quarter buns, and seven-cent roasting. If the fire is low, the meat will be dried out, if the fire is high, it will be simmered. Be sure to use medium heat for baking. Next, use warm water to mix the noodles, and the filling should be flavorful. Add chicken cakes, fungus, chopped green onions, etc. together with fresh pork belly to make the meat taste richer and more fragrant when grilled.[27]
  • Chao Tian Guo (朝天锅). Chao Tian Guo is a local specialty of Weifang. This food is known as created by Zheng Banqiao during the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty. The main materials of Chao Tian Guo is thin pancake, meat ball, pig offal, tofu, and soy with the soup. The merchants use a huge pot to cook these materials and the customers can sit around this pot. The reason why it called Chao Tian Guo is "Chao Tian" in Chinese means the pot has no cover and the pot is facing to the sky ("Guo" in Chinese is means pot).[28]Because the earthen pot has no lid, people jokingly call it "chaotian pot", and Weifang people also call it "chop suey pot".[29]

Education

[edit]

There are 9 universities and colleges in Weifang, namely Shandong University of Science and Technology Weifang Campus, Weifang College, Weifang Medical College, Shandong Technology and Business College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Weifang Campus, Weifang Vocational College, Shandong Jiaotong University Weifang Campus, Weifang Science and Technology Vocational College College and Weifang Nursing Vocational College.

Among them, Weifang Campus of Shandong University of Science and Technology is the only comprehensive university in Weifang, which was founded in 1951 and is a high-level university supported by Shandong Province. The school covers an area of about 2500 mu and has 16 colleges, covering engineering, science, management, literature, law, education, art, life science, agricultural science, medicine and other disciplines. The school pays attention to teaching and scientific research, has a group of excellent teachers and graduate students, and has trained a large number of outstanding talents, which has made great contributions to the local economic and social development.

In addition to Weifang Campus of Shandong University of Science and Technology, there are many undergraduate colleges and vocational colleges in Weifang, such as Weifang College, shandong institute of business and technology and Weifang Campus of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. These schools have excellent teachers and teaching facilities in their respective fields, which have trained a large number of local professionals and made important contributions to local economic and social development.

In a word, Weifang has many excellent universities and institutions of higher learning, which have made important contributions to local education and economic development. These schools have excellent teaching and scientific research achievements in their respective fields, which provide strong support and guarantee for local economic and social development.

Weifang University and Weifang Medical University are universities in the city.On 28 December 2023, Weifang Medical University formally changed its name to Shandong Second Medical University.[30]

Notable people

[edit]
See also: Category:People from Weifang

In addition, Kong Rong, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo, Zheng Banqiao, et al. have worked in Weifang historically. Examples of notable individuals from the city in more recent years include Wang Jinmei, Chen Shaomin, Wang Yuanjian, Wang Tongzhao and Zang Kejia.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ^ "Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016". www.stats-sd.gov.cn.
  3. ^ "山东省民政厅 地名文化 从地名看语言文化——以潍坊为例". mzt.shandong.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  4. ^ "(潍坊市)奎文区第七次全国人口普查公报-红黑统计公报库". tjgb.hongheiku.com. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  5. ^ Yiqi, Zhuiji (2021-02-01). "攻略｜山东潍坊全国重点文物保护单位（22处）一览" [Tips｜Shandong Weifang national key cultural relics protection units (22) list]. Baidu (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-04-17.
  6. ^ Da, Zhongwang (2023-03-18). "夏秋新航季，潍坊机场通航城市18个！" [In the new summer and fall seasons, Weifang Airport is open to 18 cities!]. Baidu (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  7. ^ "2016年统计用区划代码·潍坊市" [en:Area Codes for Statistical Purposes in 2016-Weifang City]. National Bureau of Statistics(中国国家统计局) (in Chinese). 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  8. ^ "山东省潍坊市奎文区胜利东街99号-潍坊市民族和宗教事务管理局" [No. 99, Shengli East Street, Quiwen District, Weifang City, Shandong Province - Weifang Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau]. 潍坊地图 (in Chinese). 2013-12-06. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  9. ^ "山东省民政厅 地名文化 从地名看语言文化——以潍坊为例". mzt.shandong.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  10. ^ "潍坊气候背景分析" [en:Climatological background analysis for Weifang]. zh:中国天气 (in Chinese). 2024-04-12.
  11. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  12. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  13. ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  14. ^ "Shandong company launches 8AT automatic transmission". shandong.chinadaily.com.cn. The Information Office of Shandong Provincial People’s Government. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  15. ^ "非遗 | 潍坊非遗，绵延千年的薪火温度——以风筝、年画为例" [Intangible Heritage | Weifang Intangible Cultural Heritage, extending a thousand years of salary temperature - kites, New Year's paintings, for example]. suohu (in Chinese). 2023-06-19. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
  16. ^ "全球邀巧匠，宝石待琢磨" [The world invites craftsmen, gems to be faceted]. cctv (in Chinese). 2010-08-02. Retrieved 2024-04-28.
  17. ^ "再添经济发展新引擎！潍坊坊子区第一家现代化商业综合体正式开门纳客" [Adding a new engine of economic development! Weifang Fangzi District's first modern commercial complex officially opened its doors to customers]. weifang.iqilu.com (in Chinese). 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
  18. ^ Wang, Xiaoyi (2007-03-27). "中国人民解放军陆军集团军简史" [Brief History of the Army Group of the Chinese People's Liberation Army]. 网易 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  19. ^ "潍坊国际风筝节-潍坊风筝". weifangkites.com. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  20. ^ Pictures of the 22nd Weifang Kite Festival Archived May 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "杨家埠木版年画" [Yangjiabu woodblock print]. Overseas Chinese Language and Culture Education Online (in Chinese). 2022-05-02. Retrieved 2024-04-28.
  22. ^ "潍坊剪纸非遗文化传承人采访者 张逸凡-山大日记". www.sdrj.sdu.edu.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  23. ^ "潍坊市乡村文化振兴｜一把剪刀，剪出世间万物" [Weifang Rural Cultural Revitalization｜A pair of scissors cuts out all things in the world]. Pengpai (in Chinese). 2023-12-24. Retrieved 2024-04-20.
  24. ^ "潍坊扑灰年画作品欣赏" [en:Weifang ash New Year's Paintings]. zh:苗苗图解网 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  25. ^ Gao, Cui (2019-08-31). "山东潍坊的"鸡鸭和乐"，到底是一种什么乐" [en:Weifang, Shandong "chicken and duck and music", in the end what is a kind of music]. zh:搜狐 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  26. ^ Yutou, Demeishi (2023-01-16). "潍坊肉火烧是山东的一种特色小吃，属于鲁菜系" [en:Weifang meat fire roast is a specialty snack in Shandong, belonging to the Lu cuisine family]. zh:百度 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  27. ^ "听潍坊肉火烧背后的故事，火了几百年还在火-新华网". www.sd.xinhua.org. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  28. ^ Chen, Ping Li (2016-04-15). "舌尖上的潍坊之朝天锅 地方特色非遗传承" [en:Weifang on the tip of the tongue of the ChaoTian pot local characteristics of non-genetic inheritance]. zh:大众网 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  29. ^ "潍坊名吃朝天锅 - 最新动态 - 潍坊经济合作中心_原潍坊市招商局（电话0536-8970059）信息支持". www.wfipa.com. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  30. ^ Yin, Minglang (2023-12-28). "山东第二医科大学正式挂牌" [en:Shandong Second Medical University officially opened]. BAIDU (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-04-12.
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