Baotou
Baotou 包头 |
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| 包头市 | |
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 Baotou
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| Coordinates: 40°39′N 109°50′E / 40.65°N 109.833°ECoordinates: 40°39′N 109°50′E / 40.65°N 109.833°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Region | Inner Mongolia |
| County-level divisions | 10 |
| Township divisions | |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 27,768 km2 (10,721.3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,065 m (3,494 ft) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 2,650,364 |
| • Density | 95.4/km2 (247.2/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,779,420 |
| • Metro | 1,476,540 |
| • Major nationalities | Han, Mongolian |
| Time zone | China Standard Time (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 014000 |
| Area code(s) | 472 |
| License plate prefixes | 蒙B |
| Local Dialect | Jin: Baotou dialect |
| Website | http://www.baotou.gov.cn/ |
Baotou (simplified Chinese: 包头; traditional Chinese: 包頭; pinyin: Bāotóu, Mongolian: Buγutu) is a mid-sized industrial city in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Governed as a prefecture-level city, its urban areas are home to a population of approximately 1.78 million, with a total population of over 2.65 million accounting for counties under its jurisdiction. The city's Mongolian name means "place with deer", and an alternate name in Chinese is "Lùchéng" (鹿城), meaning "Deer City".
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[edit] Administrative divisions
Baotou is divided into 10 county-level divisions, including 7 districts,1 county and 2 banners.
| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
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| 1 | Kundulun District | 昆都仑区 | Kūndūlún Qū | 440,000 | 119 | 3,697 | |
| 2 | Donghe District | 东河区 | Dōnghé Qū | 380,000 | 85 | 4,471 | |
| 3 | Qingshan District | 青山区 | Qīngshān Qū | 310,000 | 67 | 4,627 | |
| 4 | Shiguai District | 石拐区 | Shíguǎi Qū | 60,000 | 619 | 97 | |
| 5 | Bayan Obo Mining District | 白云鄂博矿区 | Báiyún Èbó Kuàngqū | 20,000 | 303 | 66 | |
| 6 | Jiuyuan District | 九原区 | Jiǔyuán Qū | 180,000 | 1,688 | 107 | |
| 7 | Binhe New District | 滨河新区 | Bīnhé Xīn Qū | 40,000 | 88 | 455 | |
| 8 | Guyang County | 固阳县 | Gùyáng Xiàn | 210,000 | 5,021 | 42 | |
| 9 | Tumed Right Banner | 土默特右旗 | Tǔmòtè Yòu Qí | 350,000 | 2,368 | 148 | |
| 10 | Darhan Muminggan United Banner | 达尔罕茂明安 联合旗 |
Dá'ěrhǎn Màomíng'ān Liánhé Qí |
110,000 | 17,410 | 6 |
[edit] History
The area now known as Baotou was inhabited since ancient times by nomads, most notably the Mongols. Near the end of the Han Dynasty, Lü Bu, a particularly noteworthy warrior, was born here. Compared to the capital, Hohhot, Baotou's construction as a city came relatively late, being incorporated as a town in 1809. The city's site was chosen because it was in an arable region of the Yellow River's Great Bend.
A railway from Beijing was constructed in 1931[citation needed], and the city began spurring some industrial sites. A German-Chinese joint-venture in 1934 constructed the Baotou Airport and opened a weekly route connecting Baotou with Ningxia and Lanzhou.
When young Owen Lattimore visited Baotou in 1925, it was still "a little husk of a town in a great hollow shell of mud ramparts, where two busy streets made a traders' quarter", but already an important railhead. Qinghai and Gansu wool and hides were brought down the Huanghe by raft and boat from Lanzhou to Baotou, and shipped from Baotou by rail to the east (in particular, to Tianjin for export). The river traffic was one-way only, however, as the fast current made sailing up the Huanghe impractical. To travel from Baotou back to Lanzhou or Yinchuan, one would use a cart and camel road. There were also caravan roads from Baotou to Ordos and the Alxa League.[1]
On September 19, 1949, after the September 19 Rebellion, Baotou fell under Communist control. The People's Government was formed in February 1950. In the early Communist years Baotou served as an industrial centre, with a significant portion of its economy coming from its steel production, and it continues this reputation until this day.
[edit] Geography and climate
Baotou is located in the west of Inner Mongolia, located at the junction of two economic zones: the Bohai Economic Rim and the Upper Yellow River Natural Resources Enrichment Zone (黄河上游资源富集区). Its administrative area borders Mongolia to the north, while the Yellow River, which flows for 214 kilometres (133 mi) in the prefecture,[2] is south of the urban area itself. The Tumochuan Plateau (土默川平原), Hetao Plateau, and Yin Mountains cross the urban area and central part of the prefecture. Baotou City ranges in latitude from 41° 20' to 42° 40' N and in longitude from 109° 50' to 111° 25' E.
Baotou features a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), marked by long, cold and very dry winters, hot, somewhat humid summers, and strong winds, especially in spring. Temperatures often fall below −15 °C (5 °F) in winter and rise above 30 °C (86 °F) in summer. The annual precipitation is approximately 300 millimetres (11.8 in), with more than half of it falling in July and August alone. Due to the aridity and elevation, temperature differences between day and night can be large, especially in spring. In 2002, there were 12 instances of dust storms.[2]
| Climate data for Baotou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
0.4 (32.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
28.2 (82.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
27.1 (80.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
14.12 (57.41) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −16.8 (1.8) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
2.0 (35.6) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
17.1 (62.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
0.84 (33.52) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 2.1 (0.083) |
3.8 (0.15) |
8.3 (0.327) |
8.1 (0.319) |
17.3 (0.681) |
28.0 (1.102) |
81.3 (3.201) |
87.7 (3.453) |
38.7 (1.524) |
17.1 (0.673) |
3.8 (0.15) |
1.4 (0.055) |
297.6 (11.717) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 6.9 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 56.3 |
| Source: Weather China | |||||||||||||
[edit] Economy
Industrial zones:
- Baotou Xingsheng Economic & Technological Development Zone
The mines in Bayan Obo are the greatest source of rare earth metals globally. In 2005, they accounted for 45% of the total production on earth.[3]
[edit] Demographics
Ethnic groups in Baotou, 2000 census.
| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Han Chinese | 2.122.737 | 94.16% |
| Mongol | 67.209 | 2.98% |
| Hui Chinese | 36.234 | 1.61% |
| Manchu | 22.826 | 1.01% |
| Korean | 848 | 0.04% |
[edit] Transportation
- Baotou is a terminus for both the Baolan Railway and the Jingbao Railway, heading for Lanzhou in the west and Beijing in the east, respectively. The city is served by two main railway stations, Baotou East Railway Station, and Baotou Railway Station.
- Baotou Airport serves the city with regular service to Beijing, Shanghai and Taiyuan.
- The city is connected by the Hubao Expressway to Inner Mongolia's capital, Hohhot.
- China National Highway 210
[edit] References
- ^ Owen Lattimore, The Desert to Turkestan, 1928. Pages 7-8.
- ^ a b "地理气候" (in Simplified Chinese). Baotou People's Government. http://www.baotou.gov.cn/html/btgl/dlqh.html. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
- ^ Chengyu Wu (2007). "Bayan Obo Controversy: Carbonatites versus Iron Oxide-Cu-Au-(REE-U)". Resource Geology 58 (4): 348. doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00069.x. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121496988/abstract.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Baotou |
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