Heihe
| Heihe 黑河 瑷珲 |
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| 黑河市 | |
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 Heihe
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| Coordinates: 50°14′42″N 127°28′54″E / 50.245°N 127.48167°ECoordinates: 50°14′42″N 127°28′54″E / 50.245°N 127.48167°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 21,000.1 sq mi (54,390 km2) |
| • Metro | 557.1 sq mi (1,443 km2) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 1,673,898 |
| • Metro | 211,313 |
| Time zone | China standard time (UTC+8) |
| Zip code | 164300 |
| Area code(s) | 0456 |
Heihe (Chinese: 黑河; pinyin: Hēihé; "Black River") is a city in Heilongjiang, China.
It is located at 50°14′42″N 127°28′54″E / 50.245°N 127.48167°E, on the Russian border, on the south bank of the Amur River, across the river from the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk. Heihe has a urban population of about 211,313, while the total population of the prefecture-level city is 1,673,893.[1]
Heihe marks the northeast terminus of the Heihe-Tengchong Line.
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[edit] History
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Heihe, formerly Aihui or Aigun, is among one of the five oldest cities in Heilongjiang Province, along with Tsitsihar, Yilan, Acheng and Ninguta. Human being started to settle in Heihe region as early as the Paleolithic Age. Later it became home to local tribes. During the Qing Dynasty, Heihe was the first place troops sent to Heilongjiang were stationed. The predecessor of today's Heihe was the town established in 1683 some 30 km south of the modern city site[2] (in today's Aihui District) and was known as Aigun, Heilongjiang, or Saghalien Ula. (The two last names both mean "the Black Dragon River" - the name for the Amur River in Chinese and Manchu, respectively). Aigun was the capital (the seat of the Military Governor) of Heilongjiang Province from 1683 to 1690, before the capital was moved to Nenjiang (Mergen).[3] Later the governor office was transferred to Qiqihar. However, Aigun remained the seat of the Deputy Lieutenant-General (Fu dutong), responsible for a large district covering much of the Amur Valley within the province of Heilongjiang as it existed in those days.[3]
Aigun was visited ca. 1709 as a part of a nationwide Sino-French cartographic program by the Jesuits Jean-Baptiste Régis, Pierre Jartoux, and Xavier Ehrenbert Fridelli,[4] who found it a stronghold, serving as the base of Manchus controlling the Amur River basin.
the Aigun Treaty was concluded at Aigun in 1898. According to this treaty, the left bank of the Amur River was conceded to Czarist Russia. On November 15, 1980, Heihe City was estabilshed.
[edit] Climate
| Climate data for Heihe | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −18 (0) |
−12 (10) |
−2 (28) |
9 (48) |
18 (64) |
24 (75) |
25 (77) |
23 (73) |
17 (62) |
7 (44) |
−6 (21) |
−16 (3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −28 (−18) |
−24 (−11) |
−14 (6) |
−3 (26) |
4 (39) |
11 (51) |
15 (59) |
13 (55) |
5 (41) |
−3 (26) |
−16 (3) |
−25 (−13) |
−5.6 (22.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 3 (0.1) |
3 (0.1) |
5 (0.2) |
23 (0.9) |
43 (1.7) |
84 (3.3) |
132 (5.2) |
127 (5) |
61 (2.4) |
20 (0.8) |
8 (0.3) |
5 (0.2) |
513 (20.2) |
| Source: Weatherbase [5] | |||||||||||||
[edit] Administrative divisions
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| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aihui District | 爱辉区 | Àihuī Qū | 211,313 | 13,993 | 14 |
| 2 | Bei'an City | 北安市 | Běi'ān Shì | 436,444 | 6,313 | 74 |
| 3 | Wudalianchi City | 五大连池市 | Wǔdàliánchí Shì | 326,390 | 9,800 | 37 |
| 4 | Nenjiang County | 嫩江县 | Nènjiāng Xiàn | 495,519 | 15,360 | 33 |
| 5 | Xunke County | 逊克县 | Xùnkè Xiàn | 101,411 | 17,020 | 6 |
| 6 | Sunwu County | 孙吴县 | Sūnwú Xiàn | 102,821 | 4,454 | 22 |
[edit] Transportation
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The transportation to and from Heihe is as follows:
- Highways
- Railway
- China Railways: Heihe-Beian to Harbin, Qiqihar and Daqing
- Waterway
- Transportation between Blagoveshchensk and Heihe is by boat in the summer and by bus over the frozen river in the winter; when the ice is too weak to carry buses, the route is operated by hovercrafts.
- Airways (Heihe Aihui Airport)
- Spring Airlines: Heihe-Harbin, -Shanghai and -Sanya
- Shandong Airlines: Heihe-Harbin-Weihai-Jinan
[edit] Energy
West of Heihe, there is an HVDC back-to-back station for realizing an interconnection between the power grids of Russia and China with 750 MW transmission capacity.
[edit] Tourism
Heihe has plenty of natural tourism resources, including Heilongjiang River(黑龙江) and Wudalianchi Lake(五大连池), where people can take a trip to local volcanoes. The Old City of Aigun is a famous historical scenic spot, in which the Treaty of Aigun between China and Russia was signed in the 19th century.
[edit] Sister city
Blagoveshchensk, Amur Oblast, Russia
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ 黑河市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报
- ^ The Ancient City of Aigun
- ^ a b Edmonds, Richard Louis (1985). Northern Frontiers of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan: A Comparative Study of Frontier Policy. University of Chicago, Department of Geography; Research Paper No. 213. pp. 115–117. ISBN 0-89065-118-3.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Du Halde, Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce, Vol. 1 (La Haye: H. Scheurleer, 1736). (p. xxxviii in Vol. 1)
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Heihe, China". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=504680&refer=wikipedia. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
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