Jhargram
Jhargram | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Railway Flyover of Jhargram City | |
  Jhargram Location in West Bengal, India  Jhargram Jhargram (India) | |
| Coordinates: 22°27′N 86°59′E / 22.45°N 86.98°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Jhargram |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Jhargram Municipality |
| • Chairperson | Shivendra Bijoy Malla Deb |
| Area | |
| • Total | 21.40 km2 (8.26 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 81 m (266 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 61,682 |
| • Density | 2,900/km2 (7,500/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali, English |
| • Major local language | Santali, Mundari, Kudmali |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 721507 |
| Telephone code | 03221 |
| Vehicle registration | WB-49,50 (previously 33,34) |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Jhargram |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Jhargram |
| Website | www |
Jhargram is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Jhargram district.[2] It is a popular tourist destination known for its forests, ancient temples and royal palaces.
Geography
5miles
CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
Location
Jhargram is located at 22°27′N 86°59′E / 22.45°N 86.98°E.[3] It has an average elevation of 81 metres (265 feet). The weather, like much of Bengal, is extremely humid and tropical. Temperatures can reach as high as 46 °C in the hot and dry months of May and June but can plummet to 4 °C in the chilly nights of December and January.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
History
Legend says that around 1592 CE, Raja Man Singh of Amber had come to conquer Bengal on behest of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great from Rajputana (Rajasthan) to expand the Mughal Empire to Eastern India. He appointed one of his loyal officers in the army, Sarveshwar Singh, to defeat the local rulers of the region known as Junglekhand. This area is also mentioned in Ain-i-Akbari as Jharikhanda, and it was populated by the Santhal, Munda, Bhumij, Kudumi Mahato and Lodha people groups. The area belonged to the Mal Raja. The Mals were ancient warriors and were powerful people in the eastern part of India since the time of the Mauryas and the Guptas.[citation needed]
Sarveshwar Singh, together with the Rajput military force and cavalry, invaded the deep forest and vanquished the Mal rulers. Hence, he adopted the surname, Malla Deb. In order to commemorate this victory, every year an idol of Mal Raja is made and slain on Vijayadashami day. Raja Man Singh was appointed the Governor of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa by the Mughal Emperor. After the campaign, he decided to return to Rajputana and granted Mansabdari of the 1200 km square Junglekhand region to Sarveshwar Singh as a reward.[citation needed]
The first fortress was supposed to have existed in Old Jhargram, but the ruins of the fortress are said to have gone underground due to some unknown reasons. Sarveshwar Singh was the founder of the Jhargram kingdom, and he belonged to the Chauhan clan of Rajputs from Fatehpur Sikri in Rajputana.[4] He took the title of Raja and named the state capital Jhargram, which means a forest village which is surrounded by walls and canals. It was known as Ugal in the local language. Even today, the day after Durga Ashtami, the four corners (Ugals) are worshiped for the protection of the erstwhile kingdom. The man who was the hero or bull within the surrounded wall and canal were called Ugal Sanda. As such, the full name of the Raja of the State was known as Raja Sarveshwar Malla Ugal Sanda Deb, and the title has been continued up to Raja Narasingha Malla Ugal Sanda Deb.
During the Maratha invasion of Bengal between 1741–1751, the king of Jhargram Raja Man Govind Malla Dev joined his armed forces with the Raja of Bishnupur and the Nawab of Bengal to fight a war against them, and they were victorious. Jhargram remained an independent kingdom until 1767, when The East India Company, led by Robert Clive, came from Midnapore, via Radhanagar to capture the Jhargram fort. Raja Shyam Sundar Malla Dev the then king of Jhargram worked on to check the advances of the British by allying with the Raja of Dhalbhumgarh, he took part in the Chuar Rebellion to protect his independent status. He defeated Colonel Fergusson at Dudhkundi near Kharagpur in 1791 when the East India Company tried to enter Jhargram. Fergusson's forces, consisting of 100 Europeans, 300 cavalry, 1400 sepoys and 10 field pieces, was the standard size of the colonial armies. But the second time the joint forces were defeated at Radhanagar by the British army in 1793, ending thereby the last hurdle to the colonial conquest of Bengal, hence the treaty of Midnapore confirmed the surrender of Jhargram and Dhalbhum to the British. But soon the British Governor of Bengal endorsed his stature, the kingdom was then recognized as a Zamindari estate under the law of primogeniture, and the ruler was given the title of Raja. Jhargram fell twice into the Court of Wards, after the death of Raja Raghunath Malla Ugal Sanda Deb and Raja Chandi Charan Malla Ugal Sanda Deb, respectively; but was later released when the Raja Narasingha Malla Deb attained majority. In this connection, it may be mentioned that in 1944–45, the then Vice-Roy of India agreed to recognize Jhargram as a feudatory state; but at that time, the whole of India was going through turmoil and was moving towards independence. The Cabinet mission came to negotiate with congress, the Muslim League, and other parties. The proposal for the feudatory status of Jhargram Raj has put aside then.[5]
The rulers of Jhargram were benevolent and progressive, and they focused on the welfare of their subjects. Raja Raghunath Malla Deb studied FA in Scottish Church College, and was the first-degree holder in the district. In 1899, he had established the first primary school in his kingdom. Raja was also an avid wrestler and was known for miraculous physical strength. His wrestling instruments are still kept in the Palace and Calcutta Museum. Raja Sir Narasingha Malla Deb, the last titular king of Jhargram, is considered the father of modern Jhargram. Educated at Midnapore Collegiate School and Presidency College in Calcutta, he is conferred with OBE and KBE, granted the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal, served as a member of the Legislative Council of Bengal from 1947–52 and 1952–57, and also a member of Parliament-Lok Sabha in Congress from 1957-62. He commissioned the new palace in 1931, which is one of the finest example of Indo Saracenic architecture and spread over 23 acres of land. During World War II, Raja sahib constructed an airstrip in Dudhkundi for the United States Air Force, apart also provided the Allied forces with elephants, vehicles and other help.
Between 1922–1950 Prof. Debendra Mohan Battacharya was the administrator of Jhargram and that time is seen as a golden age. In those twenty-eight years, Jhargram developed into a township; and during this period, many educational institutions were established and developed. Kumud Kumari Institution (K.K.I), a premier institution of the sub-division, was founded in 1924. In 1925, an annual sports fund was created; which was to be used to encourage sports activities, and construct the football stadium and the Jhargram Club. Raja Narasingha Malla Deb established Jhargram Agricultural College, which was renamed Jhargram Raj College. He also established Vidyasagar Polytechnic, industrial training and gave funds to set up Sri Ramkrishna Saradapeeth Girls High School and Bharat Sevashram Sangha. The royal family established and assisted in the running of all primary institutions for at risk people in the Jhargram estate. At the consent of the Governor of Bengal, he established a hospital at Jhargram town in the name of his late father, Chandi Charan Charitable Hospital. Later on in every tehsil, a charitable hospital was established for primary treatment in the nearby villages. Raja established the Bani Bhaban, under the guidance of Lady Abala Bose, for rehabilitation of widows. He also donated land to the Roman Catholic Church of India and the Muslim community to build Nurrani Jama Masjid in Jhargram. In 1947, further land was acquired, and Jhargram Raj constructed buildings to develop a school, which was Rani Binode Manjuri Govt. Girls School; which is now one of the premier schools in Midnapore district.
Between 1928–1950, Sir Raja Narasingha Malla Deb donated to welfare causes and donated 10,000 bighas of land to poor farmers in 1947, making him the single largest land donor in West Bengal. [6]
Demographics
As of 2001[update] India census,[7] Jhargram had a population of 53,158. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Jhargram has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 71%. In Jhargram, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Police station
Jhargram District Police Station has jurisdiction over Jhargram CD Block.[8][9]
Economy
The main economy of this area is business & cultivation. Some people are government employees, school teachers or employed in other private sectors. The financial status of most of the people is in the middle class category.[citation needed]
Education
General degree Colleges
- Jhargram Raj College (Govt. College) under Vidyasagar University.
- Vivekananda Satavarshiki Mahavidyalaya - Govt. College
- Jhargram Raj College Girls Wing's (Govt. College) under Vidyasagar University.
- Govt. General Degree College Gopiballavpur - II, Jhargram District, Vidyasagar University.
- Seba Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Kapgari, Jhargram District, Vidyasagar University.
- Silda Chandra Shekhar College, Silda Jhargram District, Vidyasagar University.
Polytechnic Colleges
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Polytechnic, Jhargram - Govt. Engineering College under WBSCTE
- Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Jhargram.
WBCHSE affiliated schools
- Dahijuri Mahatma Vidyapith
- Ekalavya Residential School
- Jhargram Asoke Vidyapith(H.S.)
- Jhargram Banitirtha High School
- Jhargram Kumud Kumari Institution
- Jhargram Netaji Adarsha High School(Hindi School)
- Jhargram Nanibala Balika Vidyalaya
- Jhargram Nanibala Vidyalaya
- Rani Benode Manjari Govt Girls School (H.S)
- Sri Ramkrishna Saradapeeth Kanya Gurukul
Other Boards affiliated schools
- Bikash Bharati Blooms Day School - CBSE
- West End High School, Jhargram - ICSE
- C.F. Andrews Memorial School
Health
Jhargram District Hospital and Jhargram Super Specialty Hospital are main public sector hospitals in Jhargram. A number of private clinics and nursing homes also operate.
Culture
Jhargram is the golden treasury of tribal dances. Some of these tribal dances are on the verge of extinction. Chuang, Chang, Chou, Dangrey, Jhumur, Panta, Ranpa, Saharul, Tusu & Bhadu etc. is not only a mere experience of some masterpiece of human creative art, but a fascinating adventure through essential dimensions of a civilization, its collective priorities, the skills of their implementation and the philosophies that inform them.
Besides the tribal culture, the regular Bengali festivals like Durga puja, Saraswati puja, Diwali and Kali pujas are well attended. Other common pujas in the worship of Shitala, Jagaddhatri, Holi, Ratha Yatra, Janmashtami, Bheema Puja, etc. also takes place.
A lot of fairs and carnivals take place in Jhargram. The famous fairs in Jhargram are Jungle Mahal Utsav, Jhargram Mela & Yuva Utsav, Rong Maati Manush, Shrabani Mela, Baishakhi Mela, Milan Mela.[10]
Transportation
Air
The nearest airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport of Kolkata 155 km (by train) and 169 km (by road- NH-6).Sonari Airport of Jamshedpur is located at a distance 96 km by train. Birsa Munda Airport of Ranchi is located at a distance of 233 km (by road- NH-33) and 258 km (by train).
Train
Jhargram is connected not only to larger cities in the region, but also to smaller towns and villages in the district. Jhargram Railway Station is on the Kharagpur-Tatanagar section of Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line, an express train route. The Jhargram railway station comes under South Eastern Railway. Jhargram is well connected by train to nearest big city like Kolkata/Howrah (155 km), Midnapore (52 km), Kharagpur (39 km), Asansol, Tatanagar (96 km), Ranchi, Dhanbad, Rourkela, Jharsuguda, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Puri, Bhilai and also Delhi, Mumbai etc.
Road
Jhargram is also very well connected by highways it lies on AH46 which is a part of the Asian Highway Network and also with other nearby cities like Medinipur (40 km over Dherua - Medinipur Road), Kharagpur (46 km over NH-6), Durgapur (156 km over SH-9), Asansol (181 km over NH-60 and SH-9), Bankura (114 km over SH-9 and 5), Purulia (142 km over SH-5), Haldia (150 km over AH46 and NH41), Contai (144 km over SH-5), Digha (165 km over NH-60), Kolkata/Howrah (169 km over AH46), Tatanagar (114 km over NH-33), Baripada (99 km over AH46 and NH-5), etc.
Local Transportation
For local transportation Bus, Taxi, Minibus, Auto-Rikshaws, Cycle-Rikshaws, Electric-Rikshaws (ToTo) are available.
Notable people
References
- ^ a b "Jhargram City".
- ^ "Jhargram to be state's 22nd district on April 4". Millennium Post. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
- ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jhargram, India". Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ Rathore, Abhinay. "Jhargram (Zamindari)". Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ Palace, Jhargram. "History of Jhargram". Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "Jhargram Estate". WordPress.com. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.,
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
- ^ "District at a Glance". Paschim Medinipur District Police. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
- ^ "Jhargram Pincode". citypincode.in. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
External links
Cities, towns and locations in Jhargram District, Medinipur division | ||||
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| Locations other than cities and towns |
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