Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
Template:PBB The alpha-2B adrenergic receptor (α2B adrenoceptor), is a G-protein coupled receptor. It is a subtype of the adrenergic receptor family. The human gene encoding this receptor has the symbol ADRA2B.[1] ADRA2B orthologs[2] have been identified in several mammals.
Receptor
Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system.
Gene
This gene encodes the alpha2B subtype, which was observed to associate with eIF-2B, a guanine nucleotide exchange protein that functions in regulation of translation. A polymorphic variant of the alpha2B subtype, which lacks 3 glutamic acids from a glutamic acid repeat element, was identified to have decreased G protein-coupled receptor kinase-mediated phosphorylation and desensitization; this polymorphic form is also associated with reduced basal metabolic rate in obese subjects and may therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. This gene contains no introns in either its coding or untranslated sequences.[1]
A deletion variant of the alpha-2B adrenergic receptor has been shown to be related to emotional memory in Europeans and Africans.[3]
In October 2013 researchers from the University of British Columbia confirmed this and further reported that the variant predisposed those people who had it to focus more on negative aspects of a situation. Prof. Rebecca Todd claimed "This is the first study to find that this genetic variation can significantly affect how people see and experience the world.” http://news.ubc.ca/2013/10/10/genes-predispose-some-people-to-focus-on-the-negative/
Evolution
The ADRA2B gene (sometimes referenced as A2AB) is used in animals as a nuclear DNA phylogenetic marker.[2] This intronless gene has first been used to explore the phylogeny of the major groups of mammals,[4] and contributed to reveal that placental orders are distributed into four major clades: Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria, and Euarchonta plus Glires. Comparative analysis of the primary protein sequence of ADRA2B across placentals also showed the high conservation of residues thought to be involved in agonist binding and in G protein–coupling. However, great variations are observed in the very long, third intracellular loop, with a polyglutamyl domain displaying pervasive length differences.[5]
Selective Ligands
Antagonists
See also
References
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: ADRA2B adrenergic, alpha-2B-, receptor".
- ^ a b "OrthoMaM phylogenetic marker: ADRA2B coding sequence".
- ^ de Quervain DJ, Kolassa IT, Ertl V, Onyut PL, Neuner F, Elbert T, Papassotiropoulos A (2007). "A deletion variant of the alpha2b-adrenoceptor is related to emotional memory in Europeans and Africans". Nat. Neurosci. 10 (9): 1137–9. doi:10.1038/nn1945. PMID 17660814.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Madsen O, Scally M, Douady CJ, Kao DJ, DeBry RW, Adkins R, Amrine HM, Stanhope MJ, de Jong WW, Springer MS (2001). "Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals". Nature. 409 (6820): 610–4. doi:10.1038/35054544. PMID 11214318.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Madsen O, Willemsen D, Ursing BM, Arnason U, de Jong WW (2002). "Molecular evolution of the mammalian alpha 2B adrenergic receptor". Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 (12): 2150–60. PMID 12446807.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Further reading
- Lomasney JW; Lorenz W; Allen LF; et al. (1990). "Expansion of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor family: cloning and characterization of a human alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype, the gene for which is located on chromosome 2". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (13): 5094–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.13.5094. PMC 54268. PMID 2164221.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - McClue SJ, Milligan G (1990). "The alpha 2B adrenergic receptor of undifferentiated neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells, interacts directly with the guanine nucleotide binding protein, Gi2". FEBS Lett. 269 (2): 430–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81209-7. PMID 2169434.
- Weinshank RL; Zgombick JM; Macchi M; et al. (1990). "Cloning, expression, and pharmacological characterization of a human alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor". Mol. Pharmacol. 38 (5): 681–8. PMID 2172775.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Chang AC, Ho TF, Chang NC (1990). "In vitro amplification by polymerase chain reaction of a partial gene encoding the third subtype of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in humans". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 172 (2): 817–23. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)90748-C. PMID 2173582.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Regan JW; Kobilka TS; Yang-Feng TL; et al. (1988). "Cloning and expression of a human kidney cDNA for an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (17): 6301–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6301. PMC 281957. PMID 2842764.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Petrash AC, Bylund DB (1986). "Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes indicated by [3H]yohimbine binding in human brain". Life Sci. 38 (23): 2129–37. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(86)90212-2. PMID 3012234.
- Klein U, Ramirez MT, Kobilka BK, von Zastrow M (1997). "A novel interaction between adrenergic receptors and the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (31): 19099–102. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19099. PMID 9235896.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Okusa MD; Huang L; Momose-Hotokezaka A; et al. (1998). "Regulation of adenylyl cyclase in polarized renal epithelial cells by G protein-coupled receptors". Am. J. Physiol. 273 (6 Pt 2): F883–91. PMID 9435676.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Prezeau L, Richman JG, Edwards SW, Limbird LE (1999). "The zeta isoform of 14-3-3 proteins interacts with the third intracellular loop of different alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (19): 13462–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.19.13462. PMID 10224112.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Heinonen P; Koulu M; Pesonen U; et al. (1999). "Identification of a three-amino acid deletion in the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor that is associated with reduced basal metabolic rate in obese subjects". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (7): 2429–33. doi:10.1210/jc.84.7.2429. PMID 10404816.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Hein L, Altman JD, Kobilka BK (2000). "Two functionally distinct alpha2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission". Nature. 402 (6758): 181–4. doi:10.1038/46040. PMID 10647009.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Small KM, Brown KM, Forbes SL, Liggett SB (2001). "Polymorphic deletion of three intracellular acidic residues of the alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor decreases G protein-coupled receptor kinase-mediated phosphorylation and desensitization". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (7): 4917–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008118200. PMID 11056163.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Snapir A; Mikkelsson J; Perola M; et al. (2003). "Variation in the alpha2B-adrenoceptor gene as a risk factor for prehospital fatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41 (2): 190–4. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02702-X. PMID 12535806.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Sykiotis GP; Polyzogopoulou E; Georgopoulos NA; et al. (2004). "The alpha2B adrenergic receptor deletion/insertion polymorphism in morbid obesity". Clin. Auton. Res. 13 (3): 203–7. doi:10.1007/s10286-003-0087-5. PMID 12822042.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Chotani MA; Mitra S; Su BY; et al. (2004). "Regulation of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human vascular smooth muscle cells". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286 (1): H59–67. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00268.2003. PMID 12946937.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Von Wowern F; Bengtsson K; Lindblad U; et al. (2004). "Functional variant in the (alpha)2B adrenoceptor gene, a positional candidate on chromosome 2, associates with hypertension". Hypertension. 43 (3): 592–7. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000116224.51189.80. PMID 14744925.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Cayla C; Heinonen P; Viikari L; et al. (2004). "Cloning, characterisation and identification of several polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human alpha2B-adrenergic receptor gene". Biochem. Pharmacol. 67 (3): 469–78. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2003.09.029. PMID 15037199.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Phares DA; Halverstadt AA; Shuldiner AR; et al. (2004). "Association between body fat response to exercise training and multilocus ADR genotypes". Obes. Res. 12 (5): 807–15. doi:10.1038/oby.2004.97. PMID 15166301.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - Siitonen N; Lindström J; Eriksson J; et al. (2005). "Association between a deletion/insertion polymorphism in the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor gene and insulin secretion and Type 2 diabetes. The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study". Diabetologia. 47 (8): 1416–24. doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1462-z. PMID 15309292.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help); replacement character in|last5=at position 2 (help); replacement character in|last7=at position 5 (help) - Belfer I; Buzas B; Hipp H; et al. (2005). "Haplotype-based analysis of alpha 2A, 2B, and 2C adrenergic receptor genes captures information on common functional loci at each gene". J. Hum. Genet. 50 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0211-y. PMID 15592690.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help)
External links
- "α2B-adrenoceptor". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)
 | This transmembrane receptor-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |