List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
This is a list of state leaders by date, showing current Heads of State and Heads of Government where different, ordered by the date they assumed the office.
States where Head of State differs from Head of Government are mainly parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the Head of Government role is fulfilled by both the listed Head of Government and the Head of State.
Kings and other sovereigns usually do not have or do not use a family name. The names given here in parentheses are the name of their house or dynasty, in the common English form. European monarchs have their regnal name followed by a number. This custom can be used to a certain extent only for non-European monarchs who are not the first of their regnal name.
The list contains approximately 360 people.
List of state leaders by date of assuming office
1946–1969
1970–1979
1980–1989
1990–1994
1995–1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Notes
- ^ Rangsit (Chakri) was Prince-Regent from 16 June 1946 – 5 May 1950 and Sirikit (Chakri) was Queen-Regent from 22 October 1956 – 7 December 1956.
- ^ Elizabeth was previously Queen of Ceylon from 6 February 1952 – 22 May 1972, Queen of Pakistan from 6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956, Queen of South Africa from 6 February 1952 – 31 May 1961, Queen of Ghana from 6 March 1957 – 28 April 1960, Queen of Nigeria from 1 October 1960 – 1 October 1963, Queen of Sierra Leone from 27 April 1961 – 19 April 1971, Queen of Tanganyika from 9 December 1961 – 9 June 1962, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago from 31 August 1962 – 1 August 1976, Queen of Uganda from 9 October 1962 – 1 September 1967, Queen of Kenya from 12 December 1963 – 12 December 1964, Queen of Malawi from 6 July 1964 – 6 July 1966, Queen of Malta from 21 September 1964 – 13 December 1974, Queen of Gambia from 18 February 1965 – 24 April 1970, Queen of Guyana from 26 May 1966 – 23 February 1972, Queen of Mauritius from 12 March 1968 – 12 March 1992 and Queen of Fiji from 10 October 1970 – 15 October 1987.
- ^ Al-Gaddafi is the de facto Head of State.
- ^ Bolkiah began his term as Sultan in 5 October 1967, but Brunei did not become a sovereign state until 1 January 1984.
- ^ Akihito is not his regnal name. According to Japanese customs, his regnal name will be Heisei after his death only. His status is officially defined as "Symbol of State" and not as "Head of State".
- ^ Alois (Liechtenstein) has been Prince-Regent since 15 August 2004.
- ^ Abdullah Saleh was previously President of North Yemen from 18 July 1978 – 22 May 1990.
- ^ Oldenburg was previously Prince-Regent in 1958 and 1 June 1990 – 17 January 1991. Haakon was Prince-Regent from 25 November 2003 – 13 April 2004 and 26 March 2005 – 7 June 2005.
- ^ The State Peace and Development Council was formerly the State Law and Order Restoration Council from 18 September 1988 – 15 November 1997.
- ^ The late Kim Il-sung has been designated "Eternal President of North Korea" and the post of President has not been filled since his death on 8 July 1994. The post of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared "the highest post of the state" on 5 September 1998.
- ^ a b c d e f g The Swiss Federal Council is a collective seven-member Head of State. The President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Saud was Prince-Regent from 1 January 1996 – 1 August 2005.
- ^ Letsie III was previously King from 12 November 1990 – 25 January 1995.
- ^ Sassou Nguesso was previously President from 8 February 1979 – 31 August 1992.
- ^ Performing ceremonial Head of State functions only.
- ^ Putin was Acting President from 31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000.
- ^ Hinds previously was Prime Minister from 9 October 1992 – 17 March 1997 and 22 December 1997 – 9 August 1999 and President from 6 March 1997 – 19 December 1997.
- ^ Mesić was previously Prime Minister from 30 May 1990 – 24 August 1990.
- ^ Pires was previously Prime Minister from 8 July 1975 – 4 April 1981.
- ^ Manning was previously Prime Minister from 17 December 1991 – 9 November 1995.
- ^ Chávez was previously President from 2 February 1999 – 11 April 2002.
- ^ Toumani Touré was previously President from March 26 1991 – June 8 1992.
- ^ Somare was previously Prime Minister from 16 September 1975 – 11 March 1980 and from 2 August 1982 – 21 November 1985.
- ^ Crvenkovski was previously Prime Minister from August 17 1992 – November 30 1998.
- ^ Klaus was previously Prime Minister from 1 January 1993 – 17 December 1997.
- ^ De Menezes was previously President from 3 September 2001 – 16 July 2003.
- ^ Jugnauth was previously Prime Minister from 12 March 1992 – 22 December 1995 and 17 September 2000 – 30 September 2003.
- ^ Aliyev was previously Prime Minister from 4 August 2003 – 4 November 2003.
- ^ Rasizade was Prime Minister from 20 July 1996 – 4 August 2003.
- ^ Fenech Adami was previously Prime Minister 12 May 1987 - 28 October 1996 and 6 September 1998 – 23 March 2004.
- ^ Gašparovič was previously Acting President from 2 March 1998 – 30 October 1998.
- ^ Adamkus was previously President from 26 February 1998 – 28 February 2003.
- ^ Liechtenstein is the Prince-Regent for Hans-Adam II (Liechtenstein).
- ^ Fernández was previously President from 16 August 1996 – 16 August 2000.
- ^ Nicolae Văcăroiu was Acting President from 20 April 2007 – 23 May 2007.
- ^ Abbas was previously Prime Minister from March 19 2003 – September 6 2003.
- ^ Yushchenko was previously Prime Minister from December 22 1999 – May 29 2001.
- ^ Bakiyev was previously Prime Minister from December 21 2000 – May 22 2002 and March 25 2005 – August 15 2005.
- ^ a b c The Presidency Council of Iraq is a collective head of state, although Iraq will change to the usual form of having just the President as head of state after the 2009 election.
- ^ Gnassingbé was previously President from February 5 2005 – February 25 2005.
- ^ Enkhbayar was previously Prime Minister from July 26 2000 – August 20 2004.
- ^ Ramgoolam was previously Prime Minister from December 22 1995 – September 17 2000.
- ^ Berisha was previously President from April 9 1992 – July 24 1997.
- ^ Bernardo Vieira was previously Prime Minister from September 28 1978 to November 14 1980 and President from November 14 1980 – May 14 1984 and May 16 1984 – May 7 1989.
- ^ Stoltenberg was previously Prime Minister from March 3 2000 – October 19 2001.
- ^ Olmert was Acting Prime Minister from 4 January 2006 – 14 April 2006.
- ^ Cavaco Silva was previously Prime Minister from 6 November 1985 – 28 October 1995.
- ^ Préval was previously Prime Minister from 13 February 1991 – 30 September 1991 and President from 7 February 1996 – 7 February 2001.
- ^ Vujanović began his term as President in 22 May 2003, but Montenegro did not become a sovereign state until 3 June 2006.
- ^ Fernando de Araújo was Acting President from 13 February 2008 until 17 April 2008 while Ramos-Horta was in hospital following the 2008 East Timorese assassination attempts.
- ^ García was previously President from 28 July 1985 – 28 July 1990.
- ^ Castro was Acting President from 31 July 2006 – 24 February 2008.
- ^ a b c In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Presidency is a Tripartite council, with the Chairman rotating every eight months.
- ^ Bainimarama was previously President from 29 May 2000 – 13 July 2000.
- ^ Iloilo was previously President from 13 July 2000 – 5 December 2006.
- ^ Ortega was previously President from 10 January 1985 – 25 April 1990.
- ^ Špirić was Acting Chairman from January 11 2007 – 28 December 2007.
- ^ Thein Sein had been Acting Prime Minister for Soe Win until 24 October 2007.
- ^ Ingraham was previously Prime Minister from 21 August 1992 – 3 May 2002.
- ^ Tufuga Efi was previously Prime Minister from 24 March 1976 – 13 April 1982 and 18 September 1982 – 31 December 1982 and Acting President from 11 May 2007 – 20 June 2007.
- ^ Peres was previously Acting Prime Minister from 22 April 1977 – 21 June 1977 and Prime Minister from 14 September 1984 – 20 October 1986 and 4 November 1995 – 18 June 1996.
- ^ Gusmão was previously President from 20 May 2002 – 20 May 2007.
- ^ Gül was previously Prime Minister from 18 November 2002 – 14 March 2003.
- ^ Tymoshenko was previously Acting Prime Minister from 24 January 2005 – 4 February 2005 and Prime Minister from 4 February 2005 – 8 September 2005.
- ^ Godmanis was previously Prime Minister from 7 May 1990 – 3 August 1993.
- ^ Saakashvili was previously President from 25 January 2004 – 25 November 2007.
- ^ Muhammed K'eba is the nominal Head of State.
- ^ Thinley was previously Prime Minister from 20 July 1998 – 9 July 1999 and 30 August 2003 – 18 August 2004.
- ^ Berlusconi was previously Prime Minister from 27 April 1994 – 17 January 1995 and 11 June 2001 – 17 May 2006.
- ^ Ouyahia was previously Prime Minister from 31 December 1995 - 15 December 1998 and 5 May 2003 - 24 May 2006.
- ^ Banda was Acting President for Levy Mwanawasa until 19 August 2008 and then Acting President until 2 November 2008.
- ^ Natapei was previously Acting President from 2 March 1999 – 24 March 1999 and Prime Minister from 13 April 2001 – 29 July 2004.
- ^ Benedettini was previously Captain Regent from 1 April 1992 – 1 October 1992
- ^ Dlamini was previously Prime Minister from 26 July 1996 – 29 September 2003.
- ^ Andrius Kubilius was previously Prime Minister from 3 November 1999 – 9 November 2000.
- ^ Gomes was previously Prime Minister from 10 May 2004 – 2 November 2005.
- ^ Wazed was previously Prime Minister from 23 June 1996 – 15 July 2001.
See also
- List of current heads of state and government
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of national legislatures
- Lists of office-holders
- List of political parties
- List of women heads of state
- State leaders by year
- Lists of state leaders
- List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence
External links
- Rulers.org List of rulers throughout time and places