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Linda McCartney

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For the related food company, see Linda McCartney Foods.

Linda McCartney
File:Linda Eastman 1960s.jpg
McCartney in the 1960s
Background information
Birth nameLinda Louise Eastman
Born(1941-09-24)September 24, 1941
New York City, United States
DiedApril 17, 1998(1998-04-17) (aged 56)
Tucson, Arizona, United States
Occupation(s)Activist
photographer
musician
entrepreneur
Instrument(s)Keyboards, vocals
Years active1965–98
WebsiteLindaMcCartney.com

Linda Louise, Lady McCartney (née Eastman; formerly See; September 24, 1941 – April 17, 1998) was an American musician, photographer and animal rights activist, entrepreneur and publisher who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles.

Eastman and McCartney were married in 1969 with their marriage blessed at St John's Wood Church in London.[1][2] Her daughter, Heather Louise, from her first marriage to Joseph See, was adopted by her new husband the same year of their marriage. Together, the McCartneys had three children: Mary Anna, Stella Nina, and James Louis.

McCartney and her husband later formed the band Wings.

She wrote several vegetarian cookbooks and became a business entrepreneur, starting the Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband. Prior to her second marriage, she was a professional photographer, later publishing Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era.[3] McCartney was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1995, and died at the age of 56 on April 17, 1998, in Tucson, Arizona, at their ranch.

Early years

McCartney was born Linda Louise Eastman, the second-eldest of four children, in New York City. She had one older brother, John, born in 1939; and two younger sisters, Laura, born in 1947, and Louise Jr., born in 1950.[4][5]

Her father was born Leopold Vail Epstein, the son of Jewish Russian immigrants,[6] who later changed his name to Lee Eastman.[5] Eastman was an attorney for songwriter Jack Lawrence. At Eastman's father's request, Lawrence wrote a song called, "Linda", in honor of the one-year-old. The song was published in 1946, and recorded by Buddy Clark in 1947.[5] John Eastman later became Paul McCartney's attorney and manager.[7] Linda McCartney's mother, Louise Sara (Lindner) Eastman, was from a German Jewish family[6][8] and was the daughter of Max J. Lindner—founder of the Lindner Company clothing store in Cleveland, Ohio. McCartney's mother died in the 1962 crash of American Airlines Flight 1 in Queens, New York.[9][10] McCartney later said that because of her mother's death, she hated travelling by air.[11]

McCartney grew up in the affluent Scarsdale town of Westchester County, New York, graduating from Scarsdale High School in 1959.[12] Following high school, McCartney attended Vermont College, receiving an Associate of Arts degree in 1961.[13][14] After graduating from Vermont College, she attended the University of Arizona, majoring in Fine Arts.[12]

Her first marriage was to Joseph Melville See Jr., whom she had met in college. They married on June 18, 1962; their daughter Heather Louise was born on December 31, 1962. The couple divorced in June 1965.[11] McCartney later commented that See was a "nice man, a geologist, an Ernest Hemingway type".[11]

Photography

McCartney started work as a receptionist for Town & Country magazine, and was the only unofficial photographer on board the SS Sea Panther yacht on the Hudson River who was allowed to take photographs of the Rolling Stones during a record promotion party.[15] Although she had previously only studied the photography of horses in Arizona at an arts centre with a teacher, Hazel Larson Archer, she was later asked to be the house photographer at the Fillmore East concert hall, and supposedly became a popular groupie.[16] McCartney photographed artists such as Todd Rundgren, Aretha Franklin, Grace Slick, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Eric Clapton, Simon & Garfunkel, the Who, the Doors, the Animals, John Lennon and Neil Young. She photographed Young in 1967, and the picture was used for the front cover of Sugar Mountain – Live at Canterbury House 1968 in 2008.

She photographed Clapton for Rolling Stone magazine, becoming the first woman to have a photograph featured on the front cover (May 11, 1968). She and husband Paul also appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone on January 31, 1974, making her the only person to have taken a photograph, and to have been photographed, for the front cover of the magazine. Her photographs were later exhibited in more than 50 galleries internationally, as well as at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. A collection of photographs from that time, Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era, was published in 1993.[17] She also took the photograph for the cover of Paul McCartney's and Michael Jackson's single, "The Girl Is Mine".[18]

Music career

Main article: Wings (band)
McCartney and husband Paul at the Academy Awards in 1974

After the breakup of the Beatles in 1970, Paul taught Linda to play keyboards and recorded an album with her, Ram, as a duo. Afterwards, he included her in the lineup of his subsequent group, Wings.[19] The group garnered several Grammy Awards, becoming one of the most successful British bands of the 1970s, but had to endure jibes regarding Linda's singing.[20] She later admitted that the accusations about her singing out of tune in the early days with Wings were true.[11]

Linda McCartney performing in 1976 with Paul McCartney and Wings

In 1977, a reggae-inspired single entitled "Seaside Woman" was released by an obscure band called Suzy and the Red Stripes on Epic Records in the United States. In reality, Suzy and the Red Stripes were Wings, with Linda (who also wrote the song) on lead vocals.[21] The song had been recorded by Wings in 1972, in response to a lawsuit by Northern Songs and Maclen Music alleging Paul violated an exclusive rights agreement by collaborating on the song "Another Day", which had the effect of transferring a 50% share of the publishing royalties to his own McCartney Music company.[22] The lawsuit, which alleged that Linda's co-writing credits were inauthentic and that she was not a real songwriter, was "amicably settled," according to an ATV spokesman, in June 1972.[23]

The McCartneys shared an Oscar nomination for the co-composition of the song "Live and Let Die". Linda's album Wide Prairie, which included "Seaside Woman," was released posthumously in 1998.[24] Paul worked with the help of Beatles' engineer Geoff Emerick to finish the album. Along with eight other British composers, Paul contributed to the choral album A Garland for Linda, and dedicated his classical album, Ecce Cor Meum, to his late wife.[25] In January 1999, "The Light Comes from Within" single from the Wide Prairie album was banned by TV and radio stations in the UK. Paul placed advertisements in English national newspapers asking parents to give "guidance" as to whether their children could be "morally corrupted" by the song lyrics, which included the lines, "You say I'm simple, you say I'm a hick, you're fucking no one, you stupid dick."[26]

McCartney and children

Main articles: Paul McCartney, Heather McCartney, Mary McCartney, Stella McCartney, and James McCartney

On May 15, 1967, the then-Linda Eastman met McCartney at a Georgie Fame concert at the Bag O'Nails club in London.[27] She was in the UK on an assignment to take photographs of "Swinging Sixties" musicians in London. The two later went to the Speakeasy Club on Margaret Street to see Procol Harum.[10][28] They met again four days later at the launch party for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band at Brian Epstein's house in Belgravia. When her assignment was completed, she flew back to New York City.[29] In May 1968, they met again in New York, as John Lennon and Paul McCartney were there to announce the formation of Apple Corps.[30] In September of the same year, Paul phoned her and asked her to fly over to London. They were married six months later in a small civil ceremony at Marylebone Registry Office on March 12, 1969.[31][32]

After giving birth to Mary McCartney (born in London August 28, 1969), Stella McCartney (born September 13, 1971) and James McCartney (born September 12, 1977 in London), Linda said that four children were enough.[11] She became Lady McCartney when her husband was knighted in 1997. Her brother, entertainment lawyer John Eastman, has represented McCartney since the breakup of the Beatles.[33]

Lifestyle

Vegetarianism

McCartney introduced her husband to vegetarianism in 1975, and promoted a vegetarian diet through her cookbooks: Linda McCartney’s Home Cooking (with author Peter Cox, 1989),[34] Linda's Kitchen and Simple and Inspiring Recipes for Meatless Meals. She explained her change to vegetarianism by saying that she did not "eat anything with a face... If slaughterhouses had glass walls the whole world would be vegetarian".[4][11]

Animal rights activist

The McCartneys became outspoken vegetarians and animal rights activists. In 1991, she introduced a line of frozen vegetarian meals under the Linda McCartney Foods name, which made her wealthy independently of her husband. The H. J. Heinz Company acquired the company in March 2000, and the Hain Celestial Group bought it in 2007.[10]

As a strong advocate for animal rights, Linda lent her support to many organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the Council for the Protection of Rural England and Friends of the Earth. She was also a patron of the League Against Cruel Sports.[10] She narrated a TV advertisement for PETA, in which she said: "Have you ever seen a fish gasping for breath when you take it out of the water? They’re saying, ‘Thanks a lot for killing me. It feels great, you know.’ No! It hurts!"[35] After her death, PETA created the Linda McCartney Memorial Award.[36]

Marijuana

In 1984, McCartney was arrested in Barbados for possession of marijuana; her husband had been arrested in Los Angeles on the same charge in 1975.[37] After flying to Heathrow Airport, London, she was arrested on charges of possession. She later commented that, while hard drugs are "disgusting", marijuana is "pretty lightweight".[11][38][39]

Death

McCartney was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1995, and her condition soon grew worse as it spread to her liver.[40] She died of the disease at the age of 56 on April 17, 1998, at the McCartney family ranch in Tucson, Arizona. She was cremated in Tucson, and her ashes were scattered at the McCartney farm in Sussex, England.[41] Her husband later suggested that fans remember her by donating to breast cancer research charities that do not support animal testing, "or the best tribute – go veggie". A memorial service was held for her at St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London, which was attended by George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Billy Joel, Elton John, David Gilmour, Peter Gabriel and other celebrities among a congregation of 700.[42] A memorial service was also held at Riverside Church in Manhattan, two months after her death.[43]

Talking later about the medication used to treat her breast cancer, Paul McCartney said: "If a drug has got to be used on humans then legally it has to be finally tested on an animal ... This was difficult for Linda when she was undergoing her treatment."[44] He also claimed that she was unsure if the drugs she took had been tested on animals: "During the treatment, a nice answer is a nice answer and if they (the doctors), say, 'It's OK to have this because we didn't test it on animals', you are going to believe them."[44] She left her entire fortune to her husband in a special trust, known as a Qualified Domestic Trust, which allows deferral of estate taxes due on her assets until after his death.[45][46] He will have access to any royalties from books, records and any financial remuneration for the use of his wife's photographs.[47] He has pledged to continue her line of vegetarian food, and to keep it free from genetically modified organisms.[48]

The Linda McCartney Memorial Garden and bronze statue

Wide Prairie, a six-minute cartoon fantasy film by Linda McCartney and director Oscar Grillo, premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on August 19, 1998. It was shown before the British premiere of The Horse Whisperer, starring Robert Redford.[49][50] On April 10, 1999, Paul McCartney performed at the "Concert for Linda" tribute at the Royal Albert Hall, with numerous artists including George Michael, the Pretenders, Elvis Costello and Tom Jones.[51] In January 2000, he announced donations in excess of $2,000,000 for cancer research at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York and the Arizona Cancer Center in Tucson, where Linda received treatment. The centers received $1 million (£625,000) each. The donations, through the Garland Appeal, were made on the condition that no animals would be used for testing purposes.[52] In 2000, The Linda McCartney Centre, a cancer clinic, opened at The Royal Liverpool University Hospital. In November 2002, the Linda McCartney Kintyre Memorial Trust opened a memorial garden in Campbeltown, the main town in Kintyre, with the dedication of a bronze statue of her by sculptor Jane Robbins, McCartney's cousin,[7] which was commissioned and donated by McCartney.[53] Linda's family was with her when she died.[54]

Portrayals on screen

Linda McCartney and husband Paul appeared as themselves on an episode of Bread in 1988, and an episode of The Simpsons, called "Lisa the Vegetarian", in 1995. After her death, The Simpsons' 200th episode "Trash of the Titans", which aired on April 26, 1998, and Paul McCartney's Tuesday" from 2000 (directed by Geoff Dunbar)[citation needed] were both dedicated to her memory.[55] Simpsons executive producer Mike Scully said, "It just seemed like the right thing to do. Everyone here was surprised and saddened by her death."[56]

Elizabeth Mitchell and Gary Bakewell played the McCartneys in the 2000 TV movie The Linda McCartney Story.[57] She was portrayed as "Linda Eastman" in the 1985 TV movie John and Yoko: A Love Story.[58]

Discography

Main article: Wings discography
Solo albums
Solo singles
Year Song UK U.S. Hot 100 Album
1998 "Wide Prairie"
74
–
Wide Prairie
1999 "The Light Comes from Within"
56
–
Paul and Linda McCartney
Session work

Notes

  1. ^ "Paul McCartney and Linda Eastman Marriage Profile". Marriage.about.com. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  2. ^ "12 March 1969: Paul McCartney marries Linda Eastman". The Beatles Bible. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  3. ^ McCartney, Linda. Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era. Bullfinch Press. 1992.
  4. ^ a b "Obituary: Linda McCartney". BBC. April 19, 1998. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c "When I Was A Pup". Archived from the original on October 22, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  6. ^ a b Seth Rogovoy. "Secret History of Paul McCartney, the Jewish Beatle". The Forward. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  7. ^ a b "The Beatles in Scotland: Paul McCartney's story". Sunday Mail. November 2, 2008. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  8. ^ Ze'ev Glicenstein (2006). Roots and remembrance: explorations in Jewish genealogy. Ontario Genealogical Society. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  9. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. 1996. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d Slater, Nigel (April 29, 2007). "When the McCartneys came for lunch". The Guardian. London. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g McCartney, Linda. "Linda McCartney Quotes". Brainy Media. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  12. ^ a b "Linda McCartney". The Virtual Museum of San Francisco. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  13. ^ Norwich University, Mining for Old: Linda McCartney at Vermont College, August 10, 2012
  14. ^ "Linda McCartney's Wedding Announcement: 1969 Vermont College Alumni Newsletter". Norwich University Archive: Mining for Old. Norwich University. June 17, 2014. VC Alum Marries Beatle: Linda Eastman, the New York girl who married Beatle Paul McCartney recently, was a 1961 Vermont College graduate.
  15. ^ Fields, Danny. "Linda McCartney 'The Biography' Chapter 1". Wingspan Russia. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  16. ^ Fields, Danny. "Linda McCartney 'The Biography' Chapter 2". Wingspan Russia. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  17. ^ McCartney, Linda (1992). Linda McCartney's sixties: portrait of an era. Boston: Bulfinch Press Book. ISBN 0-8212-1959-6.
  18. ^ Halstead 2007, p. 119.
  19. ^ Bonici, Ray (1982). "Paul McCartney Wings it alone". Music Express. Canada. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  20. ^ Greer, Germaine (May 21, 2006). "Germaine Greer: Pop bitch". The Independent. London. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  21. ^ Calkin, Graham. "Seaside Woman b/w B-Side To Seaside". Graham Calkin's Beatles Pages. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  22. ^ "McCartney and Wife Sued on 'Another Day' Recording". The New York Times. July 23, 1971.
  23. ^ Brian Southall and Rupert Perry, Northern Songs: The True Story of The Beatles' Song Publishing Empire (2007).
  24. ^ "Linda's lone effort to be released". BBC. September 3, 1998. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  25. ^ "A Garland for Linda". BBC. May 17, 1999. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  26. ^ "Linda's last song 'banned'". BBC. January 25, 1999. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  27. ^ Newman, Raymond. "The Beatles' London, 1965–66". Abracadabra. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  28. ^ "48 Margaret Street, London". The Deep Purple Appreciation Society. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  29. ^ Miles 1997, p. 117.
  30. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 761.
  31. ^ "1969: Paul McCartney weds Linda Eastman". BBC. March 12, 1969. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  32. ^ "Sequel: All Together Now. Thirty years later, the surviving Beatles get back to where they once belonged". People. February 14, 1994.
  33. ^ Barnes, Brigham T (September 30, 2004). "Entertainment lawyer John Eastman ('64) discussed "doing something different,"". New York School of Law. Archived from the original on November 14, 2004. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  34. ^ Cox, Peter; McCartney, Linda (1989). Linda McCartney's New Home Cooking. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN 0-7475-0224-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ "Activists Target Fish Menus". Reading Eagle. September 9, 1999. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
  36. ^ "News". PETA. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
  37. ^ Wasserman, Harry (July 6, 1980). "Paul's Pot-Bust Shocker Makes Him A Jailhouse Rocker". High Times. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  38. ^ "Arrested: Paul McCartney". Time. January 30, 1984. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  39. ^ "Paul McCartney on Drugs". 10 Zen Monkeys. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  40. ^ Saffian, Sarah (December 17, 2001). "Untimely deaths haunt extended Beatles family". US Weekly. p. 37.
  41. ^ "Linda McCartney suicide claims dismissed". BBC. April 23, 1998. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  42. ^ "LInda McCartney farewell celebrates her passions". London: CNN. June 8, 1998. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  43. ^ Kozinn, Allan (June 23, 1998). "Paul. Children and a Horse Gather at Memorial to Linda McCartney". The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  44. ^ a b "Paul's dilemma over animal testing". BBC. October 23, 1998. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  45. ^ Gruber, Stephen C. "Qualified Domestic Trust (QDT) Living Trusts for Non-Citizens". Stephen C. Gruber, Attorney at Law. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  46. ^ "Linda leaves fortune to Paul". BBC. March 14, 2000. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  47. ^ "The Will of Linda McCartney". Courtroom Television Network. July 4, 1996. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  48. ^ "Sir Paul's GM foods pledge". BBC. June 1999. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  49. ^ "Linda McCartney's last film set for premiere". BBC. August 16, 1998. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  50. ^ "Linda's last film premières to packed house". BBC. August 20, 1998. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  51. ^ "Paul McCartney leads Linda tribute". BBC. April 11, 1999. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  52. ^ "Sir Paul's $2m cancer donation". BBC. January 5, 2000. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  53. ^ "Scots tribute to Linda McCartney". BBC. November 1, 2002. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  54. ^ Paul's Lovely Linda
  55. ^ Martyn, Warren; Wood, Adrian (2000). "Trash of the Titans". BBC. Retrieved June 9, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ Snow, Shauna (April 4, 1998). "Morning Report". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  57. ^ "The Linda McCartney Story". Rotten Tomatoes. 2000. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
  58. ^ "John and Yoko – A Love Story". Rotten Tomatoes. 2000. Retrieved April 9, 2012.

References

Media related to Linda McCartney at Wikimedia Commons

Template:People associated with The Beatles

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